Designation D5159 − 04 (Reapproved 2014) Standard Guide for Dusting Attrition of Granular Activated Carbon1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5159; the number immediately following[.]
Trang 1Designation: D5159−04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1 Scope
1.1 This guide presents a procedure for evaluating the
resistance to dusting attrition of granular activated carbons For
the purpose of this guide, the dust attrition coefficient, DA, is
defined as the weight (or calculated volume) of dust per unit
time, collected on a preweighed filter, in a given vibrating
device during a designated time per unit weight of carbon The
initial dust content of the sample may also be determined
Granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 %
being larger than 80 mesh (0.18 mm) (see Test Methods
D2867)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only
1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use It is the responsibility
of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2 Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
D2854Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated
Carbon
D2867Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon
E11Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
E300Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
3 Summary of Guide
3.1 A known volume of known weight of the granular
activated carbon is placed in a sample holder and vibrated at
constant acceleration (g) for a known time The dust is carried
by an air stream passing through the vibrating sample and is
then collected on a preweighed filter The quantities of dust collected in six 10-min intervals are determined by weighings
on an analytical balance
4 Significance and Use
4.1 Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular acti-vated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition Of these three, attrition, or abrasion, is the most common cause of dust formation in actual service Published test procedures to determine the "hardness" of activated carbons produce results that in general cannot be correlated with field experience For example, the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces to the sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape, and density of the particles The "stirring bar" abrasion test measures attrition so long as the particle size is smaller than 12 mesh There is some evidence, however, that the results of this test method are influenced by particle geometry The procedure set forth in this guide measures the effect of friction forces between vibrating or slowly moving particles during the test and may be only slightly dependent on particle size, shape and density effects
5 Apparatus
5.1 Vibrating Table3, capable of providing an RMS (root
mean square) acceleration of 40 m/s/s (4 g).
5.2 Test Cell, such as shown inFig 1, preferably made of aluminum or other electrically conductive material
5.3 Piezoelectric Accelerometer4, capable of measuring an
RMS acceleration chosen by the user A value of 40 m/s/s (4 g)
is suitable when using the apparatus inFig 1andFig 2
5.4 Signal Conditioner5, to interface the accelerometer with
an AC millivolt meter, capable of producing a linear output voltage from 0 to 1 V-ac, proportional to the acceleration
1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on
Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on Gas
Phase Evaluation Tests.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014 Published September 2014 Last previous
version approved in 2009 as D5159– 04 (2009) DOI: 10.1520/D5159-04R14.
2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 A Buffalo Dental Manufacturing Co., (Underhill Blvd., Syosset, NY 11791) vibrator, Model No 1, rated 40 W at 115 V, 60 Hz, and a Syntron Model J-1A vibrating jogger, rated 30 W at 115 V, 60 Hz, have been found suitable for this purpose.
4 An Endevco accelerometer, Model No 2251, has been found suitable for this purpose.
5 An Endevco Model 4416 signal conditioner, battery operated, has been found suitable for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States
Trang 2N OTE 1—2 3 ⁄ 4 in (69.9 mm) inside diameter by 3 in (76.2 mm) outside diameter by 1 ⁄ 16 in (1.6 mm) thick.
N OTE 2— Specification E11 wire cloth, 250 µm, stainless wire, 3 in (76.2 mm) diameter.
N OTE 3—37 % open area, fabricated from 24 gage stainless steel with 0.45 in (11.4 mm) diameter holes on 0.066 in (1.68 mm) centers, square grid
3 in (76.2 mm) diameter.
FIG 1 Dust Attrition Cell (full scale)
N OTE 1—An Endevco accelerator, Model 2250A, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
FIG 2 Apparatus Assembly D5159 − 04 (2014)
Trang 35.5 Voltmeter6, 0 to 1 V-ac.
5.6 Ammeter, ac, 0 to 1000 mA accurate to 1 mA.
5.7 Variable Transformer, 0 to 120 V.
5.8 Timer Control, 0 to 120 min.
5.9 Rubber Isolation Pad, a 45 durometer neoprene rubber
pad has been found satisfactory
5.10 Flowmeter, with flow control valve capable of
control-ling air flow at the flow rate chosen by the user of this guide
A flow of about 7 L/min is suitable when using the apparatus
of Fig 1andFig 2
5.11 Particulate Filter, sized to interface with test cell,
capable of capturing carbon fines Several commercial glass
fiber filters have been found satisfactory Also effective are the
particulate filters sold for respiratory protection against paint
spray or other particulate hazards
5.12 Graduated Cylinder, 100 mL capacity.
5.13 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 mg.
6 Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
6.1 Guidance in sampling granular activated carbon is given
in PracticeE300(see also8.1)
7 Preparation of Apparatus
7.1 Assemble a test cell similar to that shown inFig 1and
Fig 2 7.2 Mount the accelerometer at the center of the cover plate 7.3 Place the vibrator test assembly on the vibration isola-tion pad so that the cover plate of the test cell is level 7.4 Connect the accelerometer lead to the signal conditioner, then connect the output of the signal conditioner to the microvolt meter (seeFig 3)
7.5 Connect the accelerometer lead to the signal conditioner, then connect the output of the signal conditioner to the microvolt meter (seeFig 3)
7.6 Connect the vibrator to the variable transformer and connect the transformer to a timer control with the milliam-meter in series (seeFig 3)
6 A Keithley 179 digital multimeter, available from Keithley Instruments, Aurora
Rd., Cleveland, OH 44139, has been found suitable for this purpose.
N OTE 1—A Model No 1 vibrator available from Buffalo Dental Mfg., Underhill Blvd., Syosset, NY 11791, has been found suitable for this purpose.
FIG 3 Test Cell Components Requiring Fabrication ( 3 ⁄ 4 in = 1 in scale)
D5159 − 04 (2014)
Trang 47.7 Connect the air outlet of the attrition test cell to the
flowmeter, and connect the flowmeter to a vacuum source (see
Fig 3)
8 Procedure
8.1 Measure a known volume (about 100 mL) of the sample
into a tared, graduated cylinder using the method and apparatus
described in Test MethodD2854and weigh to the nearest 0.1
g If the average nominal particle size of the sample is less than
12 mesh, a 50 mL sample may be preferred
8.1.1 Reproducibility in duplicate or quadruplicate
determi-nations may be improved by taking two or four times the
volume of the given sample and making one subdivision by
careful coning and quartering
8.1.2 A second convenient procedure is to use a miniature
sample divider and divide the sample once or twice as desired
Mount Micro splitter7for mineral sampling on a vibrating table
to ensure an equal division of all particles, especially the fines
8.2 Calculate the apparent density of the sample using Test
MethodD2854
8.3 Quantitatively transfer the sample into the sample
holder section of the test cell
8.4 Weigh the particulate filter to 0.1 mg
8.5 IInsert the weighed particulate filter into the apparatus
8.6 Assemble the test cell assembly and secure it to the
vibrator table
8.7 Set the timer control to 10 minutes Note - 10 minutes is
used only as an example to illustrate the procedure for
calculating DA in Section 9 The user of this guide may select
another time interval
8.8 Start the air flowing, then adjust to draw the desired
volumetric flow of air through the sample
8.9 Increase the voltage to the vibrator from "zero" to
produce the RMS acceleration chosen by the user An
accel-eration value of about 40 m/s/s, (4 g) is often used.
8.10 Vibrate the sample for 10 min or other period (see )
8.11 Carefully remove and weigh the particulate filter to 0.1 mg
8.12 Insert a second weighed particulate filter
8.13 Before returning the sample holder, place a flat piece of glass over the top and hold firmly in place while slowly inverting the sample several times in order to re-distribute particles that may have become bed-locked or segregated during vibration
8.14 Repeat through for a total of six 10-min vibration intervals
9 Calculation
9.1 Calculate the total dust collected during the following designated time intervals:
Interval, min
Weight, mg
Integrated Time, min
Integrated Weight, mg
40–50 w5 40 w2+ w3+ w4+ w5
50–60 w6 50 w2+ w3+ w4+ w5 +
w6
9.2 Using the integrated time intervals as x-coordinate and the corresponding total dust as y-coordinate, and excluding the
first 10 min interval, calculate a least square linear regression
on the five pairs of Xi, Yi; where: i = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
9.3 The slope is the dust attrition, DA, in mg/min; calculate
the correlation coefficient
9.4 The regression coefficient, R2, should be at least 0.95 If this is not the case, the test should be repeated
9.5 Calculate the initial dust content, DU = w1− 10 DA 9.6 Calculate the dust attrition coefficient by volume, DA(V)
from the following equation:
DA~V!5 DA~W!/apparent density, µL/min (1)
where:
apparent density is expressed as mg/µL
10 Keywords
10.1 activated carbon; attrition; dusting; granular
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D5159 − 04 (2014)