Designation D 11 94 – 94 Standard Test Method for Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load and Spread Footings1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1194; the number immediately follo[.]
Trang 1De ignation: D 1 94–94
1
This ta nd ardisisudu d erthefix dd esig atio D1 9 ;the um berim m ed iatelyfolowin thed esig atio ind icatesthe earof
originalad optio or,inthe ase frevisio ,the earoflastrevisio An m berin arenthesesind icatesthe earoflastreapproval.A
su erscripte sio (e) nd icatesaned i rialcang sinethelastrevisio orreapprova l
This ta dadh sb e a poedf use y g nieso th Deatme to De nse
1 Scope
1.1 This test m etho co ers estim a tio of the bea rin
ca pa city ofsoi inpla ce b m ea ns offieldloa d in tests This
test m etho ca n be used a s pa rt of a proc d ure for soi
in estiga tio forfo nd a tio d esig Itgivesinform a tio o the
soi o lytoad ept heq ua ltoa bo ttwod ia m etersofthebea rin
pla te, a nd takes intoa cco nto ly pa rtofthe ef ctoftim e
1.2 Theva luessta tedininch-p u du itsa retoberega rd ed
a s the sta nd a rd The SI u its given in parentheses a re for
inform a tio o ly
1.3 This sta dard does n t p rp rt to ad r s al l ofthe
safty co c rns, if a y, as ociated wih is use It is the
r sp nsibil ity ofthe use ofthis sta dardto esta l ish a
pro-priate safty a dheal thpractc s a ddete mine thea pl
ica-bil ity of eg l ator l imiato s priortouse
2 Significanc an Use
2.1 Thistestm etho isusedtoestim a tethebea rin ca pa city
ofasoi u d erfield loa d in co d itio s foraspe ific loa d in
pla tea nd d epth ofem bed m en Thebea rin ca pa city ofasoi
is n tsim plyasoi stren thpa ra m eter, b t ta lso d epend so
the m a gnitud e a nd d istrib tio of the loa d , d im ensio , a nd
geom etry of the loa d in pla te a nd d epth of em bed m ent (or
eleva tio oftestin ).Thisbea rin ca pacityca nbe usedinsoi
in estiga tio s a nd forthed esig offo nd a tio s
3 Ap arat us
3.1 Lo din Platfor ms or Bins of suficient siz a d
stren thtosu plytheestim a tedtot alloa dreq uiredoreq uiva
-lent m ea ns ofsu plyin t hetota lloa drea ctio a nticipa ted
3.2 Hydra l ic or Me h nical J ck As embl y of suficient
ca pa cit ytoprovid ea ndm a inta inthem a xim umestim a tedload
forthe spe ific soi co d itio s in olved , b t n t es tha n5
tons (4 0 kN) ina ny ca se, a nd a tlea sto e d evic , such a s a
pres ure gage, ele tronic loa dc l, orprovin rin , form ea
-surin the force exerted b the ja ck The force-m ea surin
d evic s sh uld be ca pableofrecord in theloa dwitha nerror
n texc ed in 62%ofthe loa d increm entused
3.3 Bearin Pl ates—Threecircula rsteelbea rin pla tes,n t
les tha n1 in (2 m m ) in thicknes a nd va ryin in d iam eter
from12to30in.(30 to7 2m m ),includ in them inim uma nd
m a xim umd iam eterspe ifiedorsq ua resteelbea rin pla tes of
eq uiva lentarea Asa na lterna tive,t hre sm a llco cretefo tin s
of the siz m entio ed or la rger ca n be ca st in-siu S ch
fo tin s m ustha vead epthofn t es tha ntwothird softheir
wid th
3.4 S etl ementRe ordin De ic s, such a s d ia l ga ges, ca
-pa bleofm ea surin set tlem entofthetestpla testoa na ccura cy
ofa tleast0.01 in.(0.2 m m )
3.5 Misc l l aneo s Ap aratus, includ in load in colum ns,
steel shim s, a nd other co structio tools a nd eq uipm ent
re-q uiredforprepa ra tio ofthe testpits a nd loa d in a ppa ratus
N OT 1—Testin a ssem bles m a y va ry wid ely, d epend in o jo
co d ition s, testin r eq uirement s, a nd eq uipment a va ila ble The t estin
a ssemblya nd r ogra msh uld epla nnedina d va nc a nda pprovedb the
su ervisin en ine r, a ndingenera lca nperm itco sid era blela t it ud ein
d et a ilswithinthespe ificreq uirem entsn teda bo ea ndo tlinedint he
folowin t es proc d ur e.Atypica la ssemblyforco d uctin loa dt est sis
i ust ra tedinF ig 1
4 Pr oc d re
4.1 S el ecto ofTestAr as—Ba sethesele tio of
represen-ta tivetesta rea s forbea rin tests o the results ofex lora tory
b rin sa ndo t hed esig req uirem entsofthestructure.Unles
otherwisespe ified , m a ke the loa dtest a tthe eleva tio ofthe
prop sedfo tin sa ndu d erthesa m eco d itio stowhichthe
prop sedfo tin s wi be su je ted Atthesele ted eleva tio
pla ce the bea rin pla tes a t the sa m e rela tive d epths (d epths
ex res edin plat e d ia m eters) a sthe a ctua l fo tin
N OT 2—F orfo tin spla cedu d erperm a nent lyexca va t edba sem ents
t hed epthofthea ctua lfo tin isco st rueda st hed epthfromtheba sement
levelord eptho erwhicht hesurcha rgeisper ma nent lya ctin ,r a thert ha n
t hed ept hfr omt hegrou dsurfa ce
N OT 3—Ifthement io edco d it io of q ua lrela tived ept hca nn tbe
m etforpra ct ica lrea so s,t hetes resultsmus beint erpret edb usin a n
1
Thistestmethodisu d erthejurisd ictio ofASTMCom m itteeD18 nSoi and
R ockandis thed irect resp nsibi ty ofSu cm m ittee D18.0 o Spcial a nd
Co structo Co trolTests
Current ed ito approvdMarch 15, 19 4 Pu lsh dMay 19 4 Originally
p blsh dasD1 9 –5 T.Lastprevio sed itio D1 9 –7 (19 7)
Coy ht©A TMInternational,10 Bar Har borDrive,POBoxC70,WestCon hohocken,P 192-25,UnitedStates
Cont act ASTM Int ernat ional (www.ast m.org) for t he lat es informat ion
Trang 2a ppropr ia t e t heory ofbea r in ca pa cit y A lso ma ke correct io s for the
e e t soft hesha pe a ndsiz oft hefo tin a ndthee e t softhe wa ter
t a blea sa ppropr ia t e
4.2 TestPis—At eastthreetest oca tio sa rereq uired ,a nd
the d ist anc betwe n test loca tio s sha ll n tbe les tha nfive
times the d ia m eter of the la rgest pla te used in the tests
Carefuly level a nd clea n the a rea s to be loa d ed b the test
plates or fo tin s so tha t the loa d s a re tra nsm itted o er the
entre co ta ct a rea s o u d ist urbed soi Prior to loa d in ,
protecttestpitsa nda rea sa ga instm oisturecha ngesinthesoi
un les i isex e tedtha twettin ofthesoi wi oc ura tsom e
futuretim e,a sintheca seofh d ra ulcstructures.Inthisca se,
prewetthesoi inthe a reato the d esired extenttoad epth n t
les tha ntwic thed ia m eterofthe la rgestbea rin pla te
4.3 L oadin Pl atforms—Su p rt the loa d in pla tform s or
bin s b crib in or other suita ble m ea ns, a t p ints as fa r
removed fromthe testa reaa s pra ctica ble, and pref ra bly n t
les tha n8ft(2.4m ).Thetota lloa dreq uiredforthetestsha ll
be a vailable a tthe site be ore the test s sta rted
4.4 Dead L oad—Weig a nd record a s d ea d weig t a ll
eq uipm entused ,sucha ssteelpla tes,loa d in colum nandja ck,
etc that a re to be pla ced o t he test a rea prior to the
a pplca tio oft he loa d increm ents
4.5 Ree enc Beam—Ind epend entlysu p rtthebea msu
-p rtin d ialga gesorother ettlem ent-record in d evic sa sfa r
a spra ctica ble,b tn t es tha n8ft(2.4m )fromthec nterof
the loa d ed a rea
4.6 L oadInc ements—Ap ly the loa dto the soi in cum
u-la tiveeq ua lincrem entsofn tm oret han1.0ton/ft
2
9 kPa ),or
ofn tm oretha no etenthoftheestim a tedbea rin ca pa cityof
theareabein tested Ac urat elym ea sureea chloa d ,a ndapply
i in such a m a nnert hat a ll ofthe loa d rea ches th e soi a s a
sta ticloa d , witho t m pa ct, fluctua tio , ore c ntricity
4.7 TimeInte valofL oadin —Afterthea pplca tio of a ch
loa d increm en m a inta in the cum ula tive loa d for a sele ted
tim einterva l ofn t les tha n15 m in
N OT 4—Lo gert im einter va lsm a ybed eterm inedb m a int a inin t he
loa du til the sett lem entha s c a sed or t he ra t eofsett lem entbe omes
u iform However,ma inta ina nytypeoftimeinterva lsosele t edforea ch
loa dincr ementina lltestsofa nyseries
4.8 Measur mentofS etl ement—Keepaco tin o s record
ofa ll settlem ents Ma ke settlem ent m ea surem ents a s so na s
p s ible be ore a nd a fter the a pplca tio ofea ch loa d
incre-m en a nda tsucheq ua ltim einterva ls, whietheloa dis bein
held co sta nt, a s wi provid e n t les tha n six settlem ent
m ea surem ents bet we nloa da pplca tio s
4.9 Te min to ofTests—Co tin e ea ch test u til a pea k
loadisrea chedoru tilthera tioofloa dincrem enttosettlem ent
increm entrea ches am inim um ,stea d y m a gnitud e.Ifsuficient
load is a va ila ble, co tin e the test u til the tota l settlem ent
reaches a t lea st 10% of the pla te d iam eter, u les a wel
d efined fa ilureloa dis o served Aftercom pletio ofo serva
-tio s for the la st loa d increm en relea se this a ppled loa d in
thre a pproxim a tely eq ua l d ecrem ents Co tin e record in
reb u dd efle t io su tilthed eform a tio c a sesorforaperio
n tsm a llertha nthe t im eint erva l ofloa d in
N OT 5—The folowin a l rna tive loa d in proc d ur eis a lsopermis
sible:Ap lyt heloa dtothesoi inincrem entscor resp nd in t osett lem ent
incr emen t s of a ppr oxima tely 0.5% of t he pla t e d ia m eter After the
a pplca tio of a chsett lem entincrem en m ea suretheloa da tsomefixed
timeint erva ls,forexa mple,30s,1m in,2m in,4m in,8m in,a nd15min,
a ft erloa da pplca tio ,u tiltheva r ia t io oftheloa dc a sesoru tilther a te
ofva r ia t io oft heloa d ,o aloa dv ruslo a rithm -of-timesca lebe omes
lnea r.Co t in eloa d in insele t edset tlementincrem ents.Ter mina tio of
test sa ndu loa d in a rema d eint hesa m em a nnera sin4.9
5 Report
5.1 Ina d d itio totheco tin o slstin ofa lltim e,loa d ,a nd
settlem entd a taforea chtest,a sprescribedinSe tio 3,rep rt
a ll a ssocia ted co d itio s a nd o serva tio s perta inin to the
test, includ in the folowin :
5.1.1 Da te,
5.1.2 List ofperso nel,
5.1.3 Wea therco d itio s,
5.1.4 Airtem pera ture a ttim eofloadincrem ents, a nd
FIG.1Typic l SetupforCo du tingStaticL adTe ts
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Trang 35.1.5 Irreg la rity inroutine proc d ure.
6 Pr ecision an Bias
6.1 Theprecisio a ndbia softhistestm etho ford eterm
in-in the bea rin ca pa city ofsoi in pla ce b m ea ns ofa field
load in test ha s n t be n d eterm ined No a vailable m ethod s
provid ea bsoluteva luesforthebea rin ca pacityofsoi inpla ce
a gainstwhichthism etho ca nbecom pa red Theva ria bi tyof
the soi a nd the resultin d isturba nc of the soi u d er the
loa d in pla ted on ta llowfortherepeti ved uplca tio oftest
results req uired to o ta in a m ea nin ful sta tistica l eva lua tio
Thesu com m ittee isse kin pertinentd a tafromusers ofthis
m etho whichm a y beused tod evelo m ea nin fulsta tem ents
ofprecisio a ndbia s
7 Keywords
7.1 bea rin ca pa city; bea rin pla te; d efle tio ; settlem ent
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