Designation D979/D979M − 15 Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D979/D979M; the number immediately following the designation[.]
Trang 1Designation: D979/D979M−15
Standard Practice for
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D979/D979M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S Department of Defense.
1 Scope
1.1 This practice covers sampling of bituminous paving
mixtures at points of manufacture, storage, delivery, or in
place
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
D2041Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D2234/D2234MPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample
of Coal
D2726Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
D3665Practice for Random Sampling of Construction
Ma-terials
D5361Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous
Mix-tures for Laboratory Testing
D5444Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of
Ex-tracted Aggregate
D6307Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt
by Ignition Method
D6925Test Method for Preparation and Determination of the Relative Density of Asphalt Mix Specimens by Means
of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor
D6926Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Specimens Using Marshall Apparatus
D6927Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Mixtures
E105Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E122Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process
E141Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
2.2 AASHTO Standard:3
R 47Standard Practice for Reducing Samples of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) to Testing Size
3 Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 field sample, n—a quantity of the material to be tested
of sufficient size to provide an acceptable estimate of the average quality of a unit
3.1.2 increment, n—part of a sample.
3.1.3 lot, n—a sizable isolated quantity of bulk material
from a single source, assumed to have been produced by the same process (for example, a day’s production or a specific mass or volume)
3.1.4 test portion, n—a quantity of the material of sufficient
size extracted from the larger field sample by a procedure designed to ensure accurate representation of the field sample, and thus of the unit sampled
3.1.5 unit, n—a batch or finite subdivision of a lot of bulk
material (for example, a truck load or a specific area covered)
4 Significance and Use
4.1 General:
1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 on
Methods of Sampling.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015 Published August 2015 Originally
approved in 1948 Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D979/D979M – 12.
DOI: 10.1520/D0979_D0979M-15.
2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001, http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States
Trang 24.1.1 Sampling is equally as important as the testing, and
the sampler shall take every precaution to obtain samples that
will yield an acceptable estimate of the nature and conditions
of the materials which they represent
4.1.2 Samples for the development of preliminary data are
obtained by the party responsible for the development of the
data Samples for control of the product at the source of
manufacture or storage, or at the site of use, are obtained by the
manufacturer, contractor, or other parties responsible for
ac-complishing the work Samples for tests to be used in
accep-tance or rejection decisions by the purchaser are obtained by
the purchaser or his authorized representative
4.1.3 This standard shall not be used for the sampling of
compacted bituminous paving mixtures PracticeD5361shall
be used
5 Apparatus
5.1 Container—A bucket, pan, box, or other vessel of a
sufficient size to contain the sample
5.2 Release Agent—A non-stick product that promotes an
easy separation of the bituminous paving mixture from the
sampling tools without degrading the material being sampled
5.3 Sampling Tool—A shovel, scoop, or other device used to
obtain samples
5.4 Truck Sampling Device (optional)—A mechanical
appa-ratus that enables the user to retrieve material from the bed of
a truck without standing in the bed of the truck An example of
one type of truck sampling device is shown inFig 1
6 Procedure
6.1 Inspection—The material shall be inspected to
deter-mine discernible variations The seller shall provide equipment
needed for safe and appropriate inspection and sampling
6.2 Release Agents—The user and producer of the
bitumi-nous paving mixtures must mutually agree upon the use of a
release agent If used, the approved release agent shall be
lightly applied to the sampling tools and truck sampling device Diesel fuel shall not be used
6.3 Sampling—The procedures for selecting locations or
times for sampling are described in Practice D3665
6.3.1 Sampling from a Conveyor Belt—Stop the conveyor
belt Randomly select at least three areas of approximately equal size on the belt for sampling In each of the locations to
be sampled, insert templates, the shape of which conform to the shape of the belt From the selected areas obtain approximately equal increments of material which will form a sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 6.4.2 Carefully scoop all material between templates into a suitable container
6.3.2 Sampling from Truck Transports—By a random
method, select the units to be sampled from the production of materials delivered Obtain at least three approximately equal increments Avoid sampling the extreme top surface Select at random from the unit being sampled and combine to form a field sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 6.4.2 The sample may be obtained by collecting the increments with a truck sampling device, scoop,
or shovel
N OTE 1—Users should refer to the manufacturer’s instructions to learn how to properly operate and maintain a truck sampling device, if used.
6.3.3 Sampling from the Roadway Prior to Compaction—
When only one sample is to be taken, obtain at least three approximately equal increments, selected at random from the unit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 6.4.2
6.3.3.1 When three or more samples are to be taken in order
to evaluate a lot of material, utilize a random method to determine the locations to be sampled Select a sample, consisting of approximately three equal increments, from each location, assuring the quantity of each sample exceeds the minimum recommended in6.4.2
6.3.3.2 Take all increments or samples from the roadway for the full depth of the material, taking care to exclude any underlying material When necessary, place templates on the existing roadway to exclude any underlying material Clearly mark the specified area from which each increment or sample
is to be removed Templates which are placed before the mixture is spread will be a definite aid securing increments of approximately equal mass
6.3.4 Sampling from a Skip Conveyor Delivering Mixture to
Bin Storage—Select the units to be sampled from the skip
conveyor by a random method based on the bin’s storage capacity Stop the skip conveyor immediately following pug mill discharge Dig a furrow 150 mm [6 in.] in depth extending from the top to the bottom of the pile Obtain three approxi-mately equal increments from the top, middle, and bottom of the furrow depositing each increment in a container The combined increments should form a field sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 6.4.2
6.3.5 Sampling from a Funnel Device Feeding a Conveyor
for Mixture Delivery to Storage—Select the units to be sampled
FIG 1 Example of One Type of Truck Sampling Device
Trang 3from the funnel device by a random method based on the bin’s
maximum storage capacity Obtain at least three approximately
equal increments of material for each sample by passing a
bucket or pan or other suitable container across the full flow of
materials as it drops from the funnel device onto the conveyor
The combined portions should form a field sample whose
quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in
6.4.2
6.3.6 Sampling from Bituminous Cold Mix Stockpiles—Cold
mixes that are in a stockpile for some time may develop a crust
on the surface of the pile This crust should be removed to a
depth of 100 mm, over an area of one square meter, to expose
the unweathered mix Stir the exposed stockpile and obtain
three approximately equal samples selected at random from the
unit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whose
quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in
6.4.2
6.3.6.1 When three or more samples are to be taken, sample
in accordance with6.3.3.1
6.4 Number and Quantities of Field Samples:
6.4.1 The number of field samples (obtained by one of the
methods described in 6.3) required depends on the criticality
of, and variation in, the properties to be measured Designate
each unit from which a field sample is to be obtained prior to
sampling The number of field samples from the production
should be sufficient to give the desired confidence in test
results
N OTE 2—Guidance for determining the number of samples required to
obtain the desired level of confidence in test results may be found in
Practices D2234/D2234M , E105 , E122 , and E141
N OTE 3—The unit to be represented by a single field sample should not
be so large as to mask the effects of significant variability within the unit.
Nor should a unit be so small as to be affected by the inherent variability
between small portions of any bulk material.
N OTE 4—A unit of bulk material composed of graded aggregate or
aggregate mixtures might consist of a full truckload If it were possible,
the entire load might be tested as a practical matter A field sample is
composed of three or more increments chosen at random from the material
as it is loaded or unloaded from the truck Research has shown that such
a procedure permits an acceptable estimate to be made of the average
gradation that might be measured from 15 or 20 increments from the
truck.
N OTE 5—Significant variability within a lot of material, where it might
exist, should be indicated by statistical measures, such as the standard
deviation between units selected at random from within the lot.
6.4.2 The quantities of the material in the sample depend on
the type and number of tests to which the material is to be
subjected, and sufficient material must be obtained to provide
for the proper execution of these tests Standard control and
acceptance tests are covered by ASTM standards and specify
the portion of the field sample required for each specific test
Table 1 provides a guide of the minimum amounts of
bitumi-nous mixture that will be needed for routine testing for Test
Methods D6307,D5444,D2041,D2726,D6925, andD6927,
and Practice D6926 If there are to be additional tests, the sample size must be increased If there are fewer tests to be performed, adjust the size of the sample accordingly Extract test portions from the field sample by quartering or splitting in
a similar manner to AASHTO Standard Practice R 47 or as required by other applicable test methods
7 Shipping Samples
7.1 Transport samples in containers so constructed as to preclude loss or contamination of any part of the sample, or damage to the contents from mishandling during shipment 7.2 Samples shall have individual identification attached giving the information required by the sample user Typical information that may be useful could include, but not neces-sarily be limited to, the following:
7.2.1 Job for which the material is to be used, giving project number, highway route number, county, and other pertinent geographical information,
7.2.2 Source of sample, including for plant-mixed samples the name of owner or operator of plant, location of plant, type
of plant, size of batch, and identification of bitumen and mineral aggregates used in the mixture,
7.2.3 Point at which sampled, for samples taken from roadway, both by station number and location transversely in pavement; also whether sampled from completed pavement, windrow, etc.,
7.2.4 Quantity represented, 7.2.5 By whom sampled and title, 7.2.6 Date of most recent mixing, if road-mixed, 7.2.7 Date sampled,
7.2.8 By whom submitted and address, 7.2.9 Purpose for which sample was taken, and 7.2.10 To whom report is to be made
8 Keywords
8.1 asphalt paving mixture; bituminous paving mixture; mechanical truck sampling device; sampling
TABLE 1 Guide for Estimating Minimum Sample Quantity
Maximum Size
of AggregatesA
Uncompacted Mixture Approximate Mass
min, kg [lb]
Approximate Volume
L [Gal]
9.5-mm ( 3 ⁄ 8 -in.) 16 [35] 12 [3]
12.5-mm ( 1 ⁄ 2 -in.) 20 [45] 15 [4]
19.0-mm ( 3 ⁄ 4 -in.) 20 [45] 15 [4]
37.5-mm (1 1 ⁄ 2 -in.) 30 [66] 22 [6]
AThe maximum size of aggregate is the largest sieve size listed in the applicable specification upon which any material is permitted to be retained.
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