Designation B214 − 16 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation B214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the[.]
Trang 1Designation: B214−16
Standard Test Method for
Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S Department of Defense.
1 Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the dry sieve analysis of metal
powders, using sieves with openings ranging from 45 to 850
micrometres
1.2 This test method is based on a particular type of
mechanical sieve shaker (see5.2) Other types of sieve shakers
are also available, but their precision and reproducibility have
not been determined
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard The values given in parentheses are for information
only
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
B212Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing
Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B215Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B329Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
B703Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
E11Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1638Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media
2.2 MPIF Standard:
MPIF 05Determination of Sieve Analysis of Metal Pow-ders3
3 Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms relating to
pow-der metallurgy are found inB243 and those relating to sieve analysis are found inE1638
4 Significance and Use
4.1 The particle size distribution of a metal powder affects its behavior in P/M processing and other applications of these materials The test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder supplier and user, or it may be an internal quality control test for either
5 Apparatus
5.1 Sieves—Select a set of standard sieves from the table
entitled, “U.S Standard Series Test Sieves.” These shall conform to Specification E11and be 203 mm in diameter In addition to the sieves listed inTable 1, a cover and collection pan are also required
N OTE 1—The 203 mm diameter sieve is most commonly referenced as
an 8 in diameter sieve 8 in diameter sieves do not nest with 200 mm diameter sieves.
5.2 Sieve Shaker—A mechanically operated, single
eccen-tric sieve shaker shall be used that imparts to the set of sieves
a rotary motion and a tapping action of uniform speed The number of rotations per minute shall be between 270 and 300 The number of taps per minute shall be between 140 and 160 The hold down arm of the sieve shaker shall be fitted with a shock absorbing plug to receive the impact of the tapping device The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by bolting to a solid foundation, preferably of concrete
1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of
Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016 Published April 2016 Originally
approved in 1946 Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B214 – 15 DOI:
10.1520/B0214-16.
2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.mpif.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States
Trang 2N OTE 2—Use of a sound proof enclosure is recommended.
5.3 Balance—A balance readable to 0.01 g, with a minimum
capacity of 150 g, to be used for determining the mass of the
test portion and retained portions to the nearest 0.1 g
6 Test Portion
6.1 The size of the test portion shall be 90 to 110 g for any
metal powder having an apparent density greater than or equal
to 1.50 g/cm3 when determined in accordance with Test
MethodB212,B329,B417, orB703 A portion of 40 to 60 g
shall be used when the apparent density of the powder is less
than 1.50 g/cm3 The test portion should be obtained in
accordance with PracticesB215
7 Procedure
7.1 Examine the sieves to make sure that they are not
damaged and are clean
7.2 Assemble the group of sieves selected in consecutive
order by the size of their openings, with the coarsest sieve at
the top, the assembly being completed by a solid collecting pan
below the bottom sieve Place the test portion on the top sieve
and close this sieve with a solid cover Then fasten the sieve
assembly securely in the sieve shaker and operate the machine
for a period of 15 minutes
N OTE 3—For some materials, for example brittle and friable materials,
the 15 minutes may be too long Sieving time may be adjusted for such
materials, and the actual time used should be reported along with the test
data.
7.3 Remove the screened fractions from the nest of sieves
by removing the coarsest sieve from the nest, gently tapping its
contents to one side and pouring them upon a glazed paper
Brush any material adhering to the bottom surface of the sieve
and the lower frame with a soft brush into the next finer sieve
Tap the sieve just removed upside down, on the paper
containing the portion that had been retained on it, and brush
the back side of the sieve with the flat side of the brush so as
to dislodge any particles that may have been wedged in the
screen openings, by pushing to the upper side of the screen
Weigh this fraction to the nearest 0.1 g and remove it from the
balance Repeat this process for each sieve in the nest Remove
the fraction collected in the pan and weigh The sum of the
masses of all the fractions shall be not less than 99 % of the
mass of the test portion Add the difference between this sum
and the mass of the test portion (in accordance with Section6)
to the mass of the fraction collected in the pan
N OTE 4—If the sum is less than 99 %, check the condition of the screens and the pan and also check for possible errors in weighing Repeat the test
if error persists.
8 Report
8.1 Express the masses of the fractions retained on each sieve, and the mass of the fraction collected in the pan, as percentages of the mass of the test portion to the nearest 0.1 %, and report them in the form shown in Table 2 Report any fraction that is less than 0.1 % of the mass of the test portion
as “trace.” If a fraction is absent, report it as “0.0” Report the actual time period of sieving, if it is different than 15 minutes
9 Precision and Bias 4
9.1 Precision:
9.1.1 An interlaboratory study of the sieve analysis of metal powders was run in 1993 and 1994 using the procedures contained in MPIF Standard 05 (1992) Each of twelve laboratories made three tests on four powder samples using each of two sets of sieves One set of sieves was a standard set that was circulated to each laboratory in turn A second set of sieves was chosen by each laboratory from its in-house sieve stock PracticeE691was followed for the design and analysis
of the data The details are given in MPPA Research Report MPPA R-05-95.3
9.1.2 There were five U.S Standard Series sieves in each sieve nest: 80 mesh, 100 mesh, 140 mesh, 200 mesh, and 325 mesh plus a cover and a pan
9.1.3 The precision information given in 9.1.4 – 9.1.7
covers the percent retained between any pair of sieves, the percent retained on the coarsest sieve, the percent passing the finest sieve, and the cumulative percentages calculated from all sieves of greater openings above any sieve in the set
9.1.4 The 95 % repeatability limit, r, (within a laboratory) is
represented by the equation:
r 5 0.410.03 3@SF# (1)
where [SF] is the % retained on the sieve of interest 9.1.5 The 95 % reproducibility limit, R, (between
laborato-ries) is smaller for the circulated sieves than for the in-house
sieves For in-house sieves R can be calculated from the
following equations:
4 The precision contained in this standard was determined by the Metal Powder Producers Association Standards Committee of the Metal Powder Industries Federation for MPIF Standard 05 The precision is used herein with the permission
of the Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540–6692, USA.
TABLE 1 U.S Standard Series Test Sieves
Sieve
Number Sieve Opening (µm)
TABLE 2 Format for Reporting Test Data of a Typical 100-Mesh
Powder
U.S Standard Series Particle Size (µm) Sieve Number % By
Mass
# 180 > 150 − 80 + 100
# 150 > 106 − 100 + 140
# 106 > 75 − 140 + 200
# 75 > 45 − 200 + 325
Trang 3R 5 1.210.15 3@SF#for @SF#from 0 to 22 (2)
R 5 4.5 for@SF#from 22.1 to 50 (3)
where [SF] is the % retained on the sieve of interest.
For circulated sieves (or by analogy matched sieves obtained
by two laboratories) R can be calculated from the following
equations:
R 5 0.310.064 3@SF#for @SF#from 0 to 30 (4)
R 5 2.2 for@SF#from 30.1 to 50 (5)
Where [SF] is the % retained on the sieve of interest.
9.1.6 Duplicate results from the same laboratory should be
considered acceptable at the 95 % confidence level unless they
differ by more than r, the repeatability interval.
9.1.7 Duplicate results from the different laboratories should
be considered acceptable at the 95 % confidence level unless
they differ by more than R, the reproducibility interval 9.2 Bias—No information can be presented on the bias in
Test Method B214 for measuring sieve analysis because no materials is universally accepted as a standard reference material
9.3 Measurement Uncertainty—The precision of this test
method shall be considered by those performing the test when reporting results
10 Keywords
10.1 mesh designation number; particle size; screened frac-tion; sieves; U.S standard series
APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) X1 SIEVE COMPLIANCE—MASTER SET
X1.1 Compliance, inspection, and calibration sieves
con-forming to Specification E11 can be obtained from the sieve
manufacturers If used continually, the sieves will, after a
period of time, become less accurate and might no longer meet
the requirements set in Specification E11 A common
accept-able practice would be to use either inspection- or
calibration-grade sieves as a master set for quality control of
compliance-grade working sieves By comparing sieve tests on the same sample, run in both the master set and the working set, a factor can be established for correcting results on the working sieves Over time, the correcting results should continually be evalu-ated Replacement of working sieves is required if a change of 3% in correcting results is present
X2 MATCHED SIEVES
X2.1 To correlate sieve results from two different locations,
manufacturers and customers may use a reference powder to
create correcting results as explained inAppendix X1
X3 SIEVE SERIES GUIDELINES
X3.1 Suggested combinations of sieves are given in Table
X3.1for several nominal mesh size metal powders
TABLE X3.1 Suggested Sieve Series for Metal Powders
Nominal Powder Mesh Size
20 40 60 100 140 200 325
Standard
Series
Sieve
Trang 4SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (B214–15)
that may impact the use of this standard (Approved April 1, 2016.)
(1) The maximum sieve opening has been changed from 1000
to 850 micrometres in Section 1.1 in order to match the
maximum size shown in Table 1
(2) The description of the balance in Section 5.3 has been
rewritten to conform to B09 Form and Style
Committee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(B214–07(2011)) that may impact the use of this standard (Approved October 1, 2015.)
(1) In Table 1, reference to the “New” U.S Series has been
deleted and the columns for the Old U.S Series and Tyler
Series have also been deleted
(2) Test specimen has been changed to test portion throughout
the document
(3) The word “new” has been deleted from the U.S Standard
Series in Table 2 and examples of the Old U.S Series and
TylerSieve Series have also been deleted
(4) In Appendix X1, Certified Sieves — Master Set has been
changed to Sieve Compliance—Master Set and in Appendix X2 the section on Matched Sieves has been revised
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