ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH Topic 1 Pronunciation and stress NGỮ ÂM 1 NGUYÊN ÂM VOWEL a Nguyên âm đơn (vowel) Có 12 nguyên âm / i / read, see, meet, meal / i / sit, six, hit /u / too, two, pool, s[.]
Trang 1ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH Topic 1: Pronunciation and stress.
NGỮ ÂM
a Nguyên âm đơn: (vowel) Có 12 nguyên âm:
/ i: /- read, see, meet, meal / i /- sit, six, hit
/u: / - too, two, pool, school / u / - book, put, could
/ ǝ / - ago, porter, apartment / ɜ / - learn, first, word
/ɔ: / - saw, nor, sort / ɔ / - not, hot, got
/ ʌ / - but, umbrella, come / a: / - part, arm, farm, car
/ e / - men, hen, lend / æ / - man, hat, batman
b Nguyên âm đôi: (Diphthong)
/ iǝ / - here, near, fear / ei / - name, came, page
/ ʊǝ / - tour, poor, jury / ɔi / - boy, coin, enjoy
/ ǝʊ / - go, cold, load / eǝ / - wear, care, hair
/ ai / - nice, fine, rice / aʊ / - how, cow, house, now
/ b / - bus, but, band / p / - put, pen, pitch
/ k / - candy, cook, can / d / - day, deep, dance
/ t / - take, turtle, tornado / g / - get, goal, goat, go
/ s / - soon, sun, sound / z / - rise, music, prize
/ ʃ / - sugar, sure, chef / ʒ / - measure, pleasure, vision
/ tʃ / - question, chips, church / dʒ / - joy, age, large
/ f / - fine, laugh, enough / v / - heavy, veal, move
/ w / - win, whale, one / j / - your, yet, use
/ h / - head, who, hand / θ / - thank, thin, teeth
/ ð / - this, they, father / m / - mother, my, mountain
/ n / - nowadays, net, beneath / ŋ / - sing, thank, thing
/ l / - long, lie, lifelong / r / - red, wrong, proud
ÂM CÂM TRONG TIẾNG ANH ( phần 1)
Âm B câm: Âm B là một âm câm khi nó đứng cuối từ và đứng trước nó là âm M.
- climb [klaim] : leo trèo - comb [koum] : cái lược
Âm C câm: Âm C là một âm câm trong cụm "scle" ở cuối từ.
muscle ['mʌsl] : cơ bắp
Âm D câm: Âm D là một âm câm khi nó đứng liền với âm N.
Wednesday ['wenzdei] : thứ 4
Âm E câm: Âm E là một âm câm khi đứng cuối từ.
- hope [houp] : hi vọng - write [rait] : viết
Âm G câm: Âm G là một âm câm khi đứng trước âm N.
foreign ['fɔrin]: nước ngoài
Âm GH câm: Âm GH là một âm câm khi đứng trước âm T hoặc đứng cuối từ.
- daughter ['dɔ:tə] : con gái - light [lait] : ánh sáng
Âm K câm: Âm K là một âm câm khi đứng trước âm N ở đầu.
- knife [naif] : con dao - know [nou] : biết
Âm H câm: Âm H là một âm câm khi đứng sau âm W trừ Who/ Whom/ Whose
Trang 2- what [wɔt] : cái gì - when [wen] : khi nào
where/why : ở đâu/tại sao
Ngoại lệ: Một số từ bắt đầu bằng âm H câm sẽ được dùng với mạo từ “an”
- hour ['auə] : giờ - heir [eə] : người thừa kế
CÁCH ĐÁNH DẤU TRỌNG ÂM
1 Những danh từ và tính từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất
Ex: kitchen, active…
Những động từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 trừ những âm có cách
đọc ngắn như: - er, - el, - ow,
Ex: accept, begin…
Trừ: clever, travel, borrow….
2 Những danh từ và động từ có 3 âm tiết thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất nếu
âm cuối cùng đọc dài.
Ex: company, interest, …
Những danh từ và động từ có 3 âm tiết thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 nếu âm cuối cùng đọc ngắn như: er, el, ow, ic, op…
Ex: discover, tomorrow….
3 Khi gặp các hậu tố: -ic, -ical, -aphy, -ogy, -ity, -acy, -ian, -id, -ible, -ish, -ial, - age, - ure,
- ety, - ion, - ous, - ior, - iar, - ence, - iency, - ient, - ier, - ict, -ent: thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước các hậu tố này.
Ex: economic economical succession suggestion photography
Biology ability democracy musician stupid
Possible childish confidential (kín đáo) democracy
structure dictation librarian experience premier relict (quả phụ)
image society artificial superior efficiency
republic mathematics courageous familiar convenient
Ngo¹i trõ : cathonic (toàn diện) lunatic Arabic politics arithmetic (số học) vacate (bỏ trống)
4 Khi gặp các từ ghép:
Từ ghép là danh từ: - trọng âm rơi vào chữ đầu: VD: - school-bag
Từ ghép là động từ và tính từ: - trọng âm rơi vào chữ thứ 2: VD: - under-stand,
old-fashioned, homesick airsick …
Nhưng : bad- temper short- sighted well- informed upstairs
well - done short- handed north- east down- stream
well - dressed ill - treated downstairs north - west
5 Các từ có từ 3 âm tiết trở lên thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 tính từ “phải” qua “trái” VD: opportunity, geography, familiar,…
Lưu ý:
1 Các tiền tố và hậu tố không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ: re , dis, un, in, il, im, ir,
-ness, -ous, -able, -d, -en, -ful, -less, -ing, -ment, -ly.
VD: - wonder -> wonderful, - patient -> (im)patiently, predict -> (un)predictable
2 – Trọng âm thường rơi vào các hậu tố:
-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ique, -ette, -esque, -oo, -mental, -end, -ever, - ade, -oon, een.
Trang 3VD: - entertain, entertainment, Chinese, employee, engineer, unique, cigarette, picturesque, bamboo, fundamental, recommend, however, lemonade, typhoon, thirteen
3 Các từ 2 âm tiết bắt đầu bằng [A] thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 2:
abed about above aback again alone achieve alike
alive ago asleep abroad aside abuse afraid
4 Các đại từ phản thân luôn nhấn mạnh ở cuối từ : myself, himself, themselves
Exercise Chọn từ có âm tiết được nhấn khác với các từ còn lại:
Exercise 1
2 A describe B struggle C political D society
3 A independence B politician C immortality D different
6 A influential B creative C introduction D university
8 A career B majority C continue D education
9 A vocational B employer C minority D reasonable
10 A general B opinion C abroad D surprise
Exercise 2
1 A realize B improve C possible D comfortable
2 A important B especially C prefer D influence
4 A republic B collector C situation D inscription
5 A protection B separate C develop D encourage
6 A recognize B stimulate C activity D adult
7 A intelligent B direct C desire D satisfactory
8 A relationship B command C vocabulary D island
10 A suppose B expect C unusual D literary
Exercise 3
1 A individual B reputation C experience D scientific
2 A carpenter B revise C ignore D traditional
3 A necessary B achieve C poetic D communicate
4 A influence B modern C consider D different
5 A contain B poisonous C chemical D scientist
6 A discover B unhealthy C amount D realize
8 A forefinger B precise C specific D computer
10 A operation B official C community D efficiency
Exercise 4
1 A redundant B harmony C grammatical D essential
2 A absolute B accuracy C obvious D original
3 A machine B enthusiast C replace D fortune
4 A unemployed B necessity C generosity D represent
Trang 45 A furious B wonderful C reaction D honesty
7 A address B millionaire C believe D mislead
8 A estimate B medical C advice D vegetables
9 A addition B exemplify C incredible D candle
10 A aesthetic B particular C disease D acceptability
Exercise 5
1 A physical B activity C increase D expectancy
3 A percentage B advantage C examine D influence
5 A prefer B electricity C invent D collaborate
6 A amazing B ability C performance D television
7 A appear B audience C government D talented
10 A commodity B material C deposit D quality
Exercise 6
2 A producer B consume C companion D situation
3 A attract B descend C noticeable D control
4 A widespread B anxiety C explode D alternative
5 A direction B community C garbage D utility
6 A product B convert C efficient D dispose
7 A biological B expedition C synthetic D scientific
8 A experiment B giant C windmill D software
9 A geometric B supply C potential D pollution
10 A destroy B disappear C development D independent
Exercise 7
1 A extent B synonymous C admit D manuscript
2 A inadequate B available C authority D purpose
3 A demonstrate B responsible C simplify D celebrate
4 A secondary B expectation C supervision D sociologist
5 A instead B furious C campaign D apartment
6 A balcony B accident C mechanic D survey
7 A flexible B together C domestic D relaxed
9 A geothermal B experimental C elementary D geographical
10 A attendance B compulsory C geography D similar
Exercise 8
1 A politics B imaginary C result D annoyed
2 A Japan B astronaut C unfortunate D approximate
3 A consequently B profile C initiate D project
4 A conference B announcement C arrival D reception
5 A argument B definite C museum D permanent
Trang 56 A treatment B prevent C intelligent D acquire
8 A effort B distinguished C available D luxurious
9 A physiology B economics C nominate D competition
10 A contribution B appropriate C opportunity D anniversary
Exercise 9
1 A afloat B superior C passenger D contribute
2 A chemistry B original C tribute D emphasis
3 A sentimental B commonplace C mathematics D information
4 A pronounce B American C soldier D prefer
5 A muscular B instrument C dramatic D argument
6 A magnetic B radiation C unpleasant D equipment
7 A distraction B considerable C recommend D description
8 A probability B attitude C technological D entertainment
9 A emergency B encourage C shortage D distraction
10 A natural B surplus C dynamite D decision
Exercise 10
1 A legacy B illuminate C humanity D commemorate
2 A numerous B recent C telescope D forever
3 A behavior B predict C occurrence D environmental
5 A unspeakable B accomplish C emotional D tendency
6 A expression B response C psychologist D vehicle
7 A development B prevent C common D avoid
8 A supply B reliever C effective D remedy
9 A familiar B repellent C antiseptic D survive
10 A ingenious B device C enormous D dangerous
Topic 2 : Tenses of the verb
CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI
1 This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tôi thấy anh ta )
=>I have never seen him before ( tôi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây )
Mẫu này có dạng :
Đây là lần đầu tiên làm chuyện đó
=> chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đó trước đây.
The first time : lần đầu tiên
Never before : chưa bao giờ trước đây
2 I started / begun studying English 3 years ago (tôi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3
năm )
=> I have studied English for 3 years ( tôi học TA được 3 năm )
Mẫu này có dạng :
bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian
=> đã làm chuyện đó for + khoảng thời gian
Nếu không có ago mà có when + mệnh đề thì giử nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when
thành since thôi
3 I last saw him when I was a student.(lần cuối cùng tôi thấy anh ta là khi tôi là SV)
Trang 6=> I haven't seen him since I was a student.(tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là SV )
Mẫu này có dạng :
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi
=> không làm chuyện đó từ khi
Last : lần cuối
Since : từ khi
4 The last time she went out with him was two years ago
(lần cuối cô ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm )
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years
(cô ta đã không đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay )
Tương tự mẫu 3 nhưng khác phần sau thôi
5 It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ khi tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối )
=> I haven't met him for ten years ( tôi đã không gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi )
Mẫu này có dạng :
Đã khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đó lần cuối
=> không làm việc đó được + khoảng thời gian
6 When did you buy it? ( bạn đã mua nó khi nào ?
=> How long is it since + S + Vp…?
=> How long have you bought? ( bạn đã mua nó được bao lâu ? )
Mẫu này có dạng :
when : thì dùng quá khứ đơn
How long : thì dùng hiện tại hoàn thành
Bài tập vận dụng
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) This is the first time he went abroad
haven’t -=> How long -?8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal
Trang 7 We
It’s
- The last time
-12 This is the first time I have visited Hanoi
- The last time ……… …
22 We haven’t seen such a cruel mother before
This is the first ……….……
23 It is two years since we last saw Mr Jones
27 The Pikes haven’t visited Paris for 2 years
The last time ………
28 I stopped writing to him a week ago
31 I didn’t see her again for 3 years
Three years has ………
Trang 836 How long have your family read Tuoi Tre Newspaper?
When did your ………
37 My old friend started working on that farm in 2005
My father hasn’t ………
41 Jane’s grandma hasn’t planted trees in the garden for 5 months
Jane’s grandma stopped ………
42 I have never met a more warm-hearted person than my mother is
Supply the correct VERB TENSE :
1 Someone (knock) at the door Can you answer it? →
2 Tom (work) at the moment, so he can’t answer the telephone →
3 The river (flow) after last night’s rain →
4 He (play) for Manchester United this season →
5 She (study) English at HaNoi university of Education these days →
6 She is at her best when she (make) big decision →
7 We (spend) next vacation in London →
8 Robert (arrive) tomorrow morning on the 10.00 train →
9 Look! The bus (leave) →
10.Mike (phone) me one hour ago →
11.Michael (have) a word with Linda this morning →
12.Old Ted (smoke) 20 cigarettes a day till he gave up →
13.Stephen (talk) on the phone when I came in →
14.I (watch) TV at 9:30 last night →
15.While I was working in the garden, my son (play) video games →
Trang 916.When he worked here Simon always (make) mistakes →
17.I (wonder) if you could give me a hand →
18.I (paint) 4 chairs so far this morning →
19.Frank (home) since he was a boy →
20.Mai (live) in Ho Chi Minh City for five years now →
21.My little sister (watch) “Sleeping Beauty” several times →
22.The child (die) before the doctor arrived →
23.We cleaned up the room as soon as the guests (leave) →
24.The secretary (finish) the report by 10:00 yesterday →
25.Jane’s eyes are red She (cry) →
26.This room is dirty Someone (smoke) in here →
27.How many languages John (speak)? →
28.Hurry up! The train (come) I don’t want to miss it →
29.Angelina Jolie is a famous actress She (appear) in several films →
30.What time the next train (leave)? →
31.Monica (stay) with her sister at the moment until she finds a flat →
32.There’s a strange in here Mother (cook) something →
33.The concert (start) at 7:15 →
34.Nora says she’s 17 but I (not believe) her →
35.Sorry I’m late! That OK I (wait) long →
36.We did not go out because it (rain) →
37.Tuan, is it true that you (get) married next week? →
38.I (read) “Chicken Soup for the Soul” but I haven’t finished it yet →
39.Alan took a photograph of Sandra while she (look) →
40.I (loose) my key Can you held me to look for it? →
41.Last night Tina (read) in bed when suddenly she heard a scream →
42.We (have) a party next week Would you like to come? →
43.The red river (flow) very fast today much faster than yesterday →
44.While my mother (cook) dinner the phone rang →
45.I (know) your telephone number →
46.Please don’t make so much noise My son (sleep) →
47.The moon (move) round the Earth →
48.Tracy (be) ill for a long time →
49.Have you heard? Sophie (get) married →
50.My father (work) for this company from 1999 to 2005 →
Topic 3 : Subject and verb agreement & Tag question
SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
A TRƯỜNG HỢP DÙNG ĐỘNG TỪ Ở SỐ ÍT
1 Khi danh từ số ít, đại từ số ít, động từ nguyên dạng, danh động từ….
Ex: - His sister likes dancing
- The danger of eating too much chips is unclear
- The President and CEO (Chief Executive Officer) is Mr Smith
Trang 10- The book is on the table
- To work hard is necessary
- Learning English is difficult but fun
2 Khi chủ ngữ là những danh từ chỉ tiền bạc, thời gian và khoảng cách:
Ex: - Money is not all to keep a family happy.
- As a Chinese saying: “Ten years is not a long time for an honorable man to revenge.”
- Ten miles isn’t very far to go by car.
- Twenty-five dollars is too much for the meal.
- Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test
- Twenty dollars is all I can afford to pay for that radio.
- Two miles is too much to run in one day.
3 Khi chủ ngữ là những đại từ bất định như: Each, either, neither , another, the other, one,
everybody, everyone, everything, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something ….
Ex: - Each of them has to be on duty once a week.
- Everybody who wants to buy a ticket should be in this line.
- Something is in my eye.
- Is there anybody here?
- Neither of his pens is able to be used.
- Either is correct
- No problem is harder than this one.
- Nobody works harder than John does.
- Each citizen and every citizen has responsible for
4 Khi chủ ngữ là những danh từ số ít được kết nối với những từ khác bằng: with, as well as,
together with, along with, no less than, accompanied by…
Ex: - Mary, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.
- Mr Robbins, accompanied by her wife and children, is arriving tomorrow morning.
- The girl, with her big white dog, passes my house every morning.
- Mr Nam, as well as his assistants, was doing an experiment in the laboratory when I came.
5 Khi chủ ngữ là những danh từ đề cập đến các môn học, các căn bệnh, các danh từ riêng như: + News
+ Diseases: measles = bệnh sởi, mumps = quai bị, rickets = còi xương, diabetes, rabies (dại) + Subject: - Linguistics, Physics, Phonetics, Mathematics, Economics, politics……
+ Proper noun: - Algiers, Athens, Brussels, Marseilles, The United States,…
Ex: - The morning news starts at 5.30 everyday
- Physics is very difficult.
- The United States is between Canada and Mexico.
6 Khi thực hiện các phép tính:
- Six minus three is three.
- Ten subtracted by five is five.
- Twice seven equals fourteen.
- Eight divided by four is two.
7 Khi chủ ngữ là một mệnh đề sau “That”:
Ex: - That you give your parents some money after getting salary is a very good action.
- That you get high marks at school always makes your parents proud.
Trang 118 Khi chủ ngữ nằm trong “…… ”:
- “Sons and daughters” is her latest book
B TRƯỜNG HỢP DÙNG ĐỘNG TỪ Ở SỐ NHIỀU
1 Khi danh từ, đại từ ở ngôi số nhiều:
Ex: - We play soccer every afternoon.
- Nga and Mai like playing badminton.
2 Khi chủ ngữ là một đại từ: Several, Both, Many, Few……….
Ex: - Several of doctors are on strike today.
- Both his wife and his sister like eating beef.
- Many boys and girls always study in the library in the afternoon
3 Khi chủ ngữ được tạo bởi mạo từ “the” và một tính từ để chỉ nhóm người có chung 1 dặc điểm hay 1 phẩm chất:
Ex: - Are the rich happier than the poor?
- The blind need helping day by day
- The young are keen on pop music.
- Are the old taken good care of in your country?
C TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ THỂ DÙNG Ở SỐ NHIỀU HOẶC SỐ ÍT TÙY
THEO NGHĨA.
1 Các danh từ chỉ đồ vật như: - scissors (kéo), tongs (cặp, kẹp), pliers (kìm), tweezers (nhíp), eyeglasses, shorts, pants, jeans, trousers Luôn dùng ở số nhiều Nếu muốn dùng số ít thì phải dùng thêm A pair of…
Ex: - The pants are in the drawer.
- A pair of pants is in the drawer.
- These scissors are dull.
- A pair of scissors is on the wardrobe
2 Cách sử dụng None và No
[ None of the + N(un) + singular verb… ]
[ None of the + N(s, es) + plural verb……]
- None of the counterfeit (giả tạo) money has been found
- None of the students have finished the exam yet.
[ No + { N / N(un) } + singular verb… ]
[ No + N(s, es) + plural verb………… ]
- No example is relevant to this case
- No examples are relevant to this case.
3 Cách sử dụng a number of, the number of:
A number of + N(s, es) + plural verb = many = “Một số những ”,
- A number of students are going to the class picnic (Một số sinh viên sẽ đi )
- A number of applicants have already been interviewed.
The number of + N(s, es) + singular verb = a number (một con số) = “Số lượng những ”
- The number of days in a week is seven (Số lượng ngày trong tuần là 7)
- The number of residents who have been questioned on this matter is quite small.
4 Cách sử dụng A couple and The couple
Trang 12A couple + singular verb………
A couple is walking on the path
The couple + plural verb………
The couple are racing their horses through the meadow.
5 Các danh từ tập hợp dùng để chỉ 1 nhóm người hoặc 1 tổ chức nhưng trên thực tế chúng là những danh từ số ít, do vậy các đại từ và động từ theo sau chúng cũng ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít.
Congress (đại hội), family, group, committee (Ủy ban), class, organization, team, army, club, crowd, government, jury, majority (đa số)*, minority (thiểu số), audience, public,
Orchestra ……
- The committee has met, and it has rejected the proposal (đề nghị, dự kiến, kế hoạch).
- The family was elated (phấn chấn, hoan hỉ, hân hoan) by the news.
- The crowd was wild (hứng thú, nhiệt tình) with excitement
- Congress has initiated (đề xướng) a new plan to combat inflation (chống lạm phát).
- The organization has lots of members this year.
- Our team is going to win the game.
Tuy nhiên nếu các thành viên trong nhóm đang hoạt động riêng rẽ của từng người trong nhóm, động từ sẽ chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số nhiều:
- Congress votes for the bill (Quốc hội bỏ phiếu cho dự luật, gồm tất cả mọi người)
- Congress are discussing about the bill (Quốc hội đang tranh luận về dự luật, tức là một số
tán thành, một số phản đối.).
- My family are concerned about my study.
- The orchestra have turned up Let's sit down.
* Danh từ majority được dùng tuỳ theo thành phần sau nó để chia động từ
[The majority + V-s, es +………đa số ]
Ex: - The majority believes that we are in no danger.
[The majority of the + N-s, es + V……….đa số những………… ]
Ex: - The majority of the students believe him to be innocent.
The police/the sheep/the fish + V………….………]
- The sheep are breaking away
- The police come only to see the dead bodies and a ruin in the bank
6 Các cụm từ ở nhóm sau chỉ một nhóm động vật hoặc gia súc Cho dù sau giới từ of là danh
từ số nhiều thì động từ vẫn chia theo ngôi chủ ngữ chính – ngôi thứ 3 số ít:
flock of birds/ sheep, school of fish, herd of cattle, pride of lions, pack of dogs
The flock of birds is circling overhead
The herd of cattle is breaking away.
A school of fish is being attacked by sharks.
MỘT SỐ MẪU CÂU THƯỜNG GẶP
1 Either + S1 + or + S2 + V (chia theo S2): - Hoặc là hoặc là
Ex: - Either you or I am going to come to her birthday party tonight.
- Either Thanh and Loan or Nga has to stay at home this morning.
- Either John or his friends are going to the beach today.
Trang 13- Either he or I have to leave.
2 Neither + S1 + nor + S2 + V (chia theo S2):
(Cả S1 và S2 đều không (không mà cũng không )
Ex: - Neither you nor your brother likes watching football match on TV.
- Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today.
- Neither the director nor the secretary wants to leave.
- Neither I nor he is wrong.
3 Not only + S1 + but also + S2 + V (chia theo S2): không những mà còn
Ex: - Not only you but also your brother is right.
- Not only my brothers but also my dad likes fried rice.
4 [S1 + accompanied by / a long with + S2 + V(chia theo S1)]: S1 cùng với S2
Ex: - Mr Lam accompanied by his wife walks along the street every morning.
- Mr Long along with his daughter plays badminton in front of his house every morning.
5 [S1 + as well as + S2 + V(chia theo S1)]: S1 cũng như S2
Ex: - I as well as my son am a teacher.
- He as well as his children likes eating toast duck.
7 [S1 + no less than + S2 + V( chia theo S1)]: S1 chẳng kém S2
Ex: - Thanh no less than his classmates likes playing computer games.
- Trang no less than her boyfriend is foolish
8 [ - Most / All of + N-s, es + V (số NHIỀU)…….]
Ex: - Most of students’ parents in our class are farmers.
- All of my classmates love reading in our school library.
[ - Most / All of + N (không đếm được ) + V (số ÍT)… ]
Ex: - Most of water in this area is not very fresh.
- All of the apple has been eaten.
9 [- One of + N-s, es + V(số ÍT)………… ]
Ex: - One of my classmates is out now.
- One of Mrs Huong’s cows was died yesterday.
10 Fish and chips / Bread and bacon / Bread and butter / B & B (Bed and Breakfast: nhà trọ) + V (số ÍT)
Ex: - Bread and butter is Peter’s favorite breakfast.
- Fish and chips makes a good meal.
- B and B is difficult to find in the touring season in Halong Bay.
11 One third (1/3)/ One fourth (1/4) / One fifth of N + V (số ÍT)
Ex: - One third of money has been spent.
- One fifth of the class is absent today.
12 [ Two thirds of + N(số ÍT) + V (số ÍT)……… ]
[ Two thirds of + N (số NHIỀU) + V (số NHIỀU)…….]
Ex: - Three fourths of the land has been used.
- Three fifths of books have been sold.
- Seven twelfths of the boxes have been delivered.
- Two thirds of the Earth's surface is water.
13 [- Many a + N(số ÍT) + V (số ÍT)…] (Nhiều ….trong một….) = Many + ns + V
Trang 14Ex: - Many a interesting film has been shown on this channel.
- Many an Australian farmer has a helicopter.
- Many a foreign visitor has come to this town.
14 [-The Himalayas/ The Rocky Mountains + V(số NHIỀU)…]
Ex: - The Himalayas are really impressive and rough.
15 [-The rest of + N(số ÍT) + V(số ÍT)… ]
[-The rest of + N(số NHIỀU) + V(số NHIỀU)….]
Ex: - The rest of the students are going to take the exam.
- The rest of the room is being painted at the moment.
Lưu ý:
Các cấu trúc: [There is certain/ sure/ likely/ bound + to be …] = chắc chắn là sẽ có
- There is sure to be trouble when she gets his letter (Chắc chắn là sẽ có rắc rối khi cô ấy nhận được thư anh ta)
- Do you think there is likely to be snow (Anh cho rằng chắc chắn sẽ có tuyết chứ)
Trong dạng tiếng Anh quy chuẩn hoặc văn chương một số các động từ khác ngoài to becũng được sử dụng với there:
Động từ trạng thái: stand/ lie/ remain/ exist/ live
Động từ chỉ sự đến: enter/ go/ come/ follow/ develop
shoemaker (Tại một thị trấn nhỏ ở Đức có một ông thợ giày nghèo sống ở đó)
There remains nothing more to be done (Chả còn có gì nữa mà làm)
- Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black (Bỗng có một hình bóng kì lạ mặc toàn đồ đen đi vào)
- There followed an uncomfortable silence (Sau đó là một sự im lặng đến khó chịu)
There + subject pronoun + go/ come/ be: kìa/ thế là/ rồi thì
There he comes (Anh ta đã đến rồi kia kìa)
There you are , I have been waiting for you for over an hour (Anh đây rồi, tôi đang chờ anh đến hơn một tiếng rồi đấy)
Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1 Some days before, the family elated by the news (be)
2 Nobody harder than John does (work)
3 Dieting very popular today (be)
4 The study of languages very interesting (be)
5 No problem harder than this one (be)
6 Either John or Bill going to the beach today (be)
7 None of the students the exam yet (finish)
8 The pants in the drawer (be)
9 Our team going to win the game (be)
10 Neither the director nor the secretary to leave yet (want)
Trang 1511 Mr Robbins, accompanied by her wife and children, arriving tonight (be)
12 Mary or her manager going to answer the press interview (be)
13 Everybody to buy a ticket of this live show (want)
14 No examples relevant to this case (be)
15 The couple racing their horses through the meadow (be)
EXERCISE
I Choose the best answer by underline the word.
1 My aunt or my uncle is/are arriving by train today
2 Neither Juan nor Carmen is/are available.
3 Either Kina or Casey is/are helping today with stage decorations.
4 Neither she nor I am / is/are going to the festival.
5 The serving bowl or the plates go/goes on that shelf.
6 Neither Jenny nor the others is/are available.
7 A car and a bike is/are my means of transportation.
8 The politician, along with the newsmen, is/are expected shortly.
9 Excitement, as well as nervousness, is/are the cause of her shaking.
10 Each of the girls sings/sing well.
11 Every one of the cakes is/are gone.
12 Fifty percent of the pie have/has disappeared.
13 Fifty percent of the pies have/has disappeared.
14 One-third of the city is/are unemployed.
15 One-third of the people is/are unemployed.
16 All of the pie is/are gone.
17 All of the pies is/are gone.
18 Some of the pie is/are missing.
19 Some of the pies is/are missing.
20 None of the garbage was/were picked up.
21 None of the sentences was/were punctuated correctly.
22 Of all her books, none have/has sold as well as the first one.
23 The number of people we need to hire is/are thirteen.
24 A number of people have/has written in about this subject.
25 Neither of them is/are available to speak right now.
26 Either of us is/are capable of doing the job.
27 There is/are four hurdles to jump.
28 There is/are a high hurdle to jump.
29 Ten dollars is/are a high price to pay.
30 Five years is/are the maximum sentence for that offense.
31 Selma is/are the scientist who writes/write the reports.
32 He is/are one of the men who does/do the work.
33 The staff is/are in a meeting.
34 The staff is/are in disagreement about the findings.
35 Everyone has/have done his or her homework
36 Somebody has/have left her purse
37 Some of the beads is/are missing
Trang 1638 Some of the water is/are gone
39 None of you claims/claim responsibility for this incident
40 None of the students have/has done their homework.
41 Everyone has/have finished his or her homework.
42 Each of the students is/are responsible for doing his or her work in the library.
43 The mayor as well as his brothers is/are going to prison
44 The mayor and his brothers is/are going to jail
45 Neither of the two traffic lights is/are working
46 Either is/are fine with me.
47 Either my father or my brothers is/are going to sell the house
48 Neither my brothers nor my father is/are going to sell the house
49 Is/Are either my brothers or my father responsible?
50 Is/Are either my father or my brothers responsible?
51 There is/are two reasons for this
52 There is/are no reason for her lateness for work
53 Here is/are two apples that you want.
54 My glasses were /was on the bed
55 My pants were /was torn while I was climbing up the tree yesterday morning
56 A pair of plaid trousers is/are in the closet.
57 The news from the front page is/are bad
58 Measles is /are a dangerous disease for pregnant women.
59 My assets were /was wiped out in the depression
60 The average worker's earnings have/has gone up dramatically
61 Our thanks go /goes to the workers who supported the union.
62 Some of the voters is/are still angry
63 A large percentage of the older population is/are voting against her
64 Two-fifths of the troops were /was lost in the battle
65 Two-fifths of the vineyard were /was destroyed by fire
66 Forty percent of the students is/are in favor of changing the policy
67 Forty percent of the student body is/are in favor of changing the policy
68 Two and two is/are four
69 Four times four divided by two is/are eight.
70 The department members but not the chairman has / have decided not to teach on Valentine's Day
71 It is not the faculty members but the president who decide / decides this issue
72 It were /was the speaker, not his ideas, that has/ have provoked the students to riot.
73 The colors of the rainbow is/are beautiful.
74 There is/are a problem with the balance sheet Here is/are the papers you requested
75 The cow and the pig is/are jumping over the moon.
76 Red beans and rice is/are my mom's favorite dish.
77 No smoking or drinking is/are allowed Every man and woman is/are required to check in.
78 Jessica or Christian is/are to blame for the accident.
79 All of the chicken is/are gone All of the chickens is/are gone.
80 Four quarts of oil were /was required to get the car running.
81 The study of languages requires /require time.
82 The president, together with his advisors, is/are coming.
Trang 1783 They, no less than Tom, were /was eager to start.
84 The manager, as well as his assistant, has /have arrived.
85 The number of students is/are 40.
86 Twenty dollars is/are too much to pay for this book.
87 Who has stolen that car is/are still a big question.
88 Neither John nor his friends is/are going to the beach today.
89 Either John or his friends is/are going to the beach today.
90 Neither the boys nor Carmen has/have seen this movie before.
91 Either John or Bill is/are going to the beach today.
92 Neither the director nor the secretary wants/want to leave yet
93 No example is/are relevant to this case
94 No examples is/are relevant to this case
95 None of the counterfeit money has/have been found
96 None of the students have/has finished the exam yet
97 Everybody who wants/want to buy a ticket should be in this line.
98 Please help me; something is/are in my eye.
99 Anybody who has/have lost his ticket should report to the desk.
100 Neither of his pens is/are able to be used.
CÂU HỎI LÁI ĐUÔI –TAG-QUESTION:
Câu hỏi đuôi (Tag Question) là một dạng câu hỏi rất hay được sử dụng trong tiếng Anh đặc
biệt là trong tiếng anh giao tiếp, dạng một câu hỏi ngắn đằng sau một câu trần thuật Câu trả lời dạng YES/NO nhưng mang sắc thái ý nghĩa khác nhau
Ex: They are student, aren’t they?
Có một chú ý là nếu người hỏi xuống giọng ở cuối câu hỏi thì thực sự họ không muốn hỏi
mà là đang trông chờ người ta đồng ý với điều mình nói Khi lên giọng ở cuối câu hỏi thì mới
là một câu hỏi thật sự và bạn muốn nhận được câu trả lời
Cấu trúc:
Với TO BE:
- He is handsome, isn’t he? = Anh ấy đẹp trai, đúng không?
- You are worried, aren’t you? = Bạn đang lo lắng, phải không?
- He was friendly, wasn’t he?
- Peter isn’t here, is he?
- You weren’t at home yesterday, were you?
Đối với động từ thường (ordinary verbs)
Câu giới thiệu khẳng định, phần hỏi đuôi phủ định
[S + V(s/es/ed/2)… , don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + S?]
Câu giới thiệu phủ định, phần hỏi đuôi khẳng định
[S + don’t/ doesn’t/didn’t + V… , do/does/did + S?]
Hiện tại đơn động từ thường: mượn trợ động từ DO hoặc DOES tùy theo chủ ngữ còn Thì
quá khứ đơn với động từ thường: mượn trợ động từ DID
- They like me, don’t they?
- She loves you, doesn’t she?
- She doesn’t like folk music, does she?
- Nam didn’t go out last night, did he?
Trang 18-He came here 2 days ago, didn’t he?
Thì HTHT hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn: mượn trợ động từ HAVE hoặc HAS
- They have left, haven’t they?
- The rain has stopped, hasn’t it?
Thì QKHT hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn: mượn trợ động từ HAD:
- He hadn’t met you before, had he?
Thì tương lai đơn: - It will rain, won’t it?
Hãy chú ý tới ý nghĩa của “yes và no” trong câu trả lời đối với câu hỏi phủ định:
- You’re not going out today, are you? (Hôm nay bạn không đi chơi phải không?)
- Yes (=Yes, I am going out) Có (=Có, tôi có đi chơi)
- No (=No, I am not going out) Không (=Không, tôi không đi chơi)
Đối với động từ khiếm khuyết
Câu giới thiệu khẳng định, phần hỏi đuôi phủ định.
S + can/ could…………., can / could + not + S?
Ex: – He can speak English, can’t he?
Lan will go to Hue next week, won’t she?
Câu giới thiệu phủ định, phần hỏi đuôi khẳng định
S + can / could + not…………., can / could + S?
Ex: – He can’t speak English, can he?
- Lan won’t go to Hue next week, will she?
-I ought to have heard by now, oughtn’t I?
MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT CỦA CÂU HỎI LÁI ĐUÔI –TAG-QUESTIONS:
- Câu giới thiệu dùng “I am”, câu hỏi đuôi là “aren’t I”
Ex: I am a student, aren’t I
- Câu giới thiệu dùng “Let’s + V…” , câu hỏi đuôi là “Shall we”
Ex: Let’s go for a picnic, shall we?
- Chủ ngữ là những đại từ bất định “Everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody, all…” câu hỏi đuôi là “they”
Ex: - Somebody wanted a drink, didn’t they?
- Nobody phoned, did they?
- All can’t speak at a time, can they?
- Everyone cheered wildly, didn’t he (formal)/ didn’t they
(informal)?
- Chủ ngữ là “everything, anything, something, nothing” thì câu hỏi đuôi dùng “it”
Và Nothing là chủ ngữ có nghĩa là mệnh đề giới thiệu đang ở dạng phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định.
Ex: - Nothing can happen, can it?
- Nothing is done for you, is it?
- Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few… thì câu đó được xem như là câu phủ định – phần hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định
Ex: - He seldom drinks wine, does he?
- He went nowhere else, did he?
- They did nothing, did they?
- You have never in the house, is there?
Trang 19- Very little progress has been made, has it?
- A little progress has been made, hasn’t it? ( câu này nghĩa khẳng
định=> lái đuôi PD)
- Few people knew the answer, did they?
- A few people knew the answer, didn’t they?( câu này nghĩa khẳng
định=> lái đuôi PD)
- Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề, lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi
Ex: It seems that you are right, aren’t you?
– Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ dùng “it” trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ex: What you have said is wrong, isn’t it?
Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn’t it?
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh cách (Do…/Don’t do v.v… ), câu hỏi đuôi thường là … will
you?:
Ex: - Open the door, will you?
- Don’t be late, will you?
- Câu đầu là I WISH, dùng MAY trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ex: I wish to study English, may I?
– Chủ từ là ONE, dùng you hoặc one trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ex: One can be one’s master, can’t you/one?
– Câu đầu có MUST, must có nhiều cách dùng cho nên tùy theo cách dùng mà sẽ có câu hỏi đuôi khác nhau
Must chỉ sự cần thiết: => dùng needn’t
Ex: They must study hard, needn’t they?
Must chỉ sự cấm đoán: => dùng must
Ex: You mustn’t come late, must you?
Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại: => dựa vào động từ theo sau must
Ex: He must be a very intelligent student, isn’t he? ( anh ta ắt hẳn là 1 học sinh rất thông
minh, phải không ?)
Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở quá khứ
[S + must +have+ p.p => dùng là have/has]
Ex: You must have stolen my bike, haven’t you? ( bạn chắc hẵn là đã lấy cắp xe của tôi, phải
không?)
- Câu cảm thán, lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, dùng is, am, are
Ex: - What a beautiful dress, isn’t it?
- How intelligent you are, aren’t you?
- Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure (được nhắc đến, suy nghĩ), assume (thừa nhận, giả sử), fancy (tưởng tượng, cho rằng, muốn,
thích), imagine (ngỡ rằng, tưởng tượng), reckon (cho là, tính toán, nghĩ là),
expect, seem, feel + mệnh đề phụ, lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: - I think he will come here, won’t he?
- I don’t believe Mary can do it, can she?
( lưu ý MĐ chính có not thì vẫn tính như ở MĐ phụ)
- I think she can’t do that, can she?
Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là I thì lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi
Ex: She thinks he will come, doesn’t she?
Trang 20- USED TO: từng (diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường lập đi lập lại trong quá khứ).
Trường hợp này, ta cứ việc xem USED TO là một động từ chia ở thì quá khứ Do đó, câu hỏiđuôi tương ứng chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ DID
Ex: She used to live here, didn’t she?
– Had better: “had better” thường được viết ngắn gọn thành ‘D BETTER, nên dễ khiến ta
lúng túng khi phải lập câu hỏi đuôi tương ứng Khi thấy ‘D BETTER, chỉ cần mượn trợ động
từ HAD để lập câu hỏi đuôi
Ex: He’d better stay, hadn’t he?
– WOULD RATHER: Would rather thường được viết gọn là ‘D RATHER nên cũng dễ
gây lúng túng cho bạn Chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ WOULD cho trường hợp này để lập câu hỏi đuôi
Ex: You’d rather go, wouldn’t you?
Bài tập tag Questions câu hỏi đuôi
Đáp án được bôi màu trắng, các bạn bôi đen nguyên câu sẽ thấy đáp án
1 Lan enjoys watching TV after dinner, does she?
2 Tam didn’t go to school yesterday, did he?
3 They’ll buy a new computer, won’t they?
4 She can drink lots of tomato juice everyday, can’t she?
5 She may not come to class today, may she?
6 We should follow the traffic rules strictly, shouldn’t we?
7 Your mother has read these fairy tales for you many times, hasn’t she?
8 He seldom visits you, does he?
9 You’ve never been in Italy, have you?
10 That’s Bob, isn’t it?
11 No-one died in the accident, did they?
12 I’m supposed to be here, aren’t I?
13 Nothing is wrong, is it?
14 Nobody called the phone, did they?
15 Everything is okay, isn’t it?
16 Everyone took a rest, didn’t they?
17 Going swimming in the summer is never boring, is it?
18 Let’s dance together, shall we?
19 Don’t talk in class, will you?
20 Sit down, won’t you?
21 This picture is yours, isn’t it?
22 Hoa never comes to school late, does she?
23 You took some photos on the beach, didn’t you?
24 He hardly ever makes a mistake, does he?
25 We must communicate with you by means of e-mail or chatting, mustn’t we?
26 Nobody liked the play, did they?
27 She’d saved money if she bought fresh food, couldn’t she?
28 The area was evacuated at once, wasn’t it?
Trang 2129 She’s very funny She’s got a great sense of humor, hasn’t she?
30 It never works very well, does it?
31 Mr Smith usually remembered his wife’s birthdays, didn't he?
32 Neither of them offered to help you, did they?
33 He ought to have made a note of it, shouldn’t he?
34 There’ll be plenty for everyone, won’t there?
35 Let’s go out for dinner tonight, shall we?
36 That isn’t Bill driving, is it?
37 Nothing went wrong, did it?
38 There used to be trees here, didn’t there?
39 This won’t take long, will it?
40 Don’t touch that button, will you?
41 I’m not too late, aren’t I?
42 Not a very good film, is it?
43 Somebody wanted a drink, didn’t they?
44 They think he’s funny, don’t they? 45 You have heard about that, ?
46 Nam did the work well, ?
47 He didn’t have to speak to me, ?
48 He won’t fall down, ?
49 You wouldn’t like the window open, ?
50 He used to beat his wife, ?
51 She came very late, ?
52 Come and see me tomorrow, ?
53 I’d better go, ?
54 There’s an examination tomorrow, ?
55 You can’t play tennis today, ?
56 She’s been studying English for two years, ?
57 Your brother doesn’t like watching TV, ?
58 Let’s listen to the radio, ?
59 Mary is reading a book in her room, ?
60 His parents won’t buy him a new game, ?
61 You’ve just used the computer, ?
62 Turn off the television, ?
63 I’m late for the party, ?
64 They never go to the theatre, ?
65 His mother is very proud of him, ?
66 The lift isn’t working today, ?
67 Nothing could be done, ?
68 Everybody is here, ?
69 He didn’t wake up this morning, ?
70 Baird didn’t produce the first TV picture before 1920, ?
71 There are many interesting programs tonight, ?
72 Someone feels tired after the trip, _?
73 Hanh and you like living in a dormitory on campus, _?
Trang 2274 Their son doesn’t have much time on computer, _?
75 Linh didn’t feel confident in her favorite clothes, _?
76 Her listening isn’t excellent, _?
77 Maryam couldn’t stay for longer time, _?
78 My sister has to make this room tidy, _?
79 This poet has mentioned the ao dai in poems, _?
80 Lan used to walk past the mosque on her way to primary school, _?
81 Nobody wrote poems yesterday, _?
82 There are many religions in Malaysia, _?
83 His children may swim, _?
84 Nam and Binh have to study harder, _?
85 Women today often prefer to wear modern clothing at work, ?
86 The Parkers had a picnic on the river bank, _?
87 Our teachers have taken inspiration from some minorities, ?
88 Everything was OK, _?
89 Oh, hurry up, _?
90 Hung and I can eat those cakes, _?
91 You won’t be late, _?
92 Ba’s village lies near the foot of the mountain, _?
93 Daisy has seen that films several times, _?
94 Let’s forget unhappy things, _?
95 Her daughter doesn’t spend time surfing the web, _?
96 Those men never worked on a farm, _?
97 People of different ages like this magazine, _?
98 I am wearing wrong shoes, _?
99 Interactive TV is available now, _?
100 He did not miss the train, _?
Trang 23Topic 4 : It’s time, would rather
Cấu trúc : It’s (high/ about ) time sb did sth = It’s time for sb to do sth
1 It’s high time we went home
Note: Nếu sau: “ It’s time + I/ he/ she/ it “ là động từ to be thì ta dùng was
Mẫu câu: [S+ would rather + V … ( than + V… ) ] : Thích làm gì hơn…(làm gì)
[S+ would rather + S + Vp+ sth ]( sb didn’t + V+… ) để chỉ 1 ao ước đối lập với hiện tại
Ex: 1 I’d rather you came with us.
2 Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does.(His girlfriend does not work in the same department)
3 Jane would rather that it were winter now (Infact, it is not winter now)
Note: Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng didn't + verb hoặc were not sau chủ ngữ hai
1 Henry would rather that his girlfriend didn’t work in the same department as he does
2 Jane would rather that it were not winter now
3 I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said
Rewrite these sentences :
a) Would rather :
1 Please stay at home this Christmas
I’d rather you ……… …………
2 It’s time for the children to go to bed
I’d rather the ……….………
3 Please help your mother with housework
I’d rather you ………
4 I don’t like you to come to class late
I’d rather ………
5 Please keep silent in the classroom
I’d rather you ……… ………
4 It’s time for the children to go to bed
- It’s high time ……….………
5 It’s twelve o’clock Let’s go home!
- It’s about ………
Trang 24Topic 5 : Conditional Sentences & Wish sentences
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONALS)
I- Mấy lưu ý về câu điều kiện:
Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện và một phần còn lại nêu lên kết quả hay được gọi là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
Ví dụ: If it rains, I will stay at home
You will pass the exam if you work hard.
v Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ được cho nhau
Ví dụ: You will pass the exam if you work hard
II- Các loại câu điều kiện:
Type 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ: If I have enough money, I will buy a new car.
(Simple present + simple Future)
Type 2: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai -ước muốn ở hiện tại
(Nhưng thực tế khổng thể xảy ra được).
Ví dụ: If I had millions of US dollars now, I would give you a half.
( I have some money only now)
If I were the president, I would build more hospitals.
(Simple present + future Future (would))
Chú ý: Ở câu điều kiện loại 2 (Type 2), trong vế "IF", to be của các ngôi chia giống nhau và
là từ "were", chứ không phải "was".
Type 3: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ - mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ (nhưng thực tế khổng thể xảy ra được)
Ví dụ: If they had had enough money, they would have bought that villa.
[Past Perfect + Perfect Conditional]
If we had found him earlier, we might/could saved his life
Type 4: Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp:
Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều cách khác nhau được dùng diễn tả điều kiện trong mệnh đề chỉ điềukiện với "If" Ngoài 3 loại chính nêu trên, một số loại sau cũng được sử dụng trong giao tiếp
và ngôn ngữ viết:
1- Type 3 + Type 2:
Ví dụ: If he worked harder at school, he would be a student now.
(He is not a student now)
If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.
Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo.
- Trong tiếng Anh câu điều kiện loại 2/3, Type 2 và Type 3 thường được dùng ở dạng đảo.
Ví dụ: Were I the president, I would build more hospitals.
Had I taken his advice, I would be rich now.
If not = Unless.
- Unless cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện - lúc đó Unless = If not
Ví dụ: Unless we start at once, we will be late.
If we don't start at once we will be late
Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams.
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams.
Trang 25If he did not help me, I would not finish my homework.
= Unless he helped me, I would not finish my homework (Trừ phi anh ấy giúp đỡ tôi, còn không thì tôi sẽ chẳng thể hoàn thành bài tập)
b BUT FOR: = Without (nếu không có)
But for/ Without + N, điều kiện loại 2 hoặc 3.
Ex: - He helps me everyday so I can finish my homework
=> But for/ Without his daily help, I would not finish my homework
(ko có sự giúp đỡ mỗi ngày của anh ấy, thì tôi chẳng thể hoàn thành bài tập về nhà)
- teacher explained and we understood
=> But for /Without teacher's explanation, we would not have understood.
(Nếu không có sự giảng giải của giáo viên thì chúng tôi đã chẳng thể hiểu nổi)
CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:
- Nếu câu đề là : tưong lai - tương lai thì dùng loại 1 (không phản nghĩa )
- [ S + will/ can + V…, S + will/ can + V …]
=> If + S + V(s, es) …., S + will/ can + V…
VD: - I will go to VT I will buy you a present
=>If I go to VT, I will buy you a present
- Nếu câu đề là : Don’t + V…….or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là := If you V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or )
VD: - Don’t go out or you will get wet.
=> if you go out, you will get wet.
- Nếu câu đề là: V …….or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là : If you don’t + V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or )VD: - Raise your hand or I will kill you
=> If you don’t raise your hand, I will kill you
- Nếu câu đề là hiện tại - hiện tại / tương lai thì dùng loại 2 + phản nghĩa
- [ S + V(s, es) …, S + will/ can + V …]
=> If + S + didn’t + V…., S + wouldn’t/ couldn’t + V…
+ It is rainy I can't go to school.
=> If it weren't rainy, I could go to school
Lưu ý :
Nếu trong câu có because , so (= that’s why) thì phải bỏ ( đặt if vào chổ because ,
còn so (= that’s why) thì ngược lại )
Cách biến đổi từ câu thường sang câu điều kiện 2:
- is/ am/ are => weren’t
- is/ am/ are + not => were
- V(s, es) => didn’t + V
- don’t/ doesn’t + V => Vp
- Vp => hadn’t + Vpp
- didn’t + V => had+ Vpp
- was/ were => hadn’t been
- was/ were + not => had been
- can => couldn’t
- is/ am /are => wouldn’t be
- is/ am /are + not => would be
- V(s, es) => wouldn’t + V
- don’t/ doesn’t + V => would + V
- Vp => wouldn’t + have + Vpp
- didn’t + V => would have+ Vpp
- was/ were => wouldn’t + have been
- was/ were + not => would + have been
- can => couldn’t
Trang 26- will => wouldn’t
- won’t => would Bài tập1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng dạng
1 Bring him another if he (not/like) ………this one
2 She (be) ………angry if she (hear) ……….this tomorrow
3 Unless you are more careful, you (have) ……… an accident
4 If you (like)………., I (get) ………you a job in this company
5 If grandmother (be)……… 5 years younger, she (play) ……….some games
6 If the sun (stop) ………… shinning, there (be) ………no light on earth
7 If I (be)……… a millionaire, I (live) ………on Mars
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu theo gợi ý
1 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now
If…….……….………
11) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car
=> If…….……….……….12) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough
=> If……
13) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party
=> If…….……….……….14) I will get a work permit I will stay for another month
=> If……….……… 15) He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy
Trang 27=> If…….……….……….16) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If…….……….……….17) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam
=> If…….……….……….18) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes
If…….……….………
B Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the sentence before it.
1 She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there