Cây ăn quả có múi công nghệ sinh học chọn tạo giống

thu noi dia cao, It hat, Mau sac qua kern Dung de an tuoi hoac che bien Nam Phi, TAy Ban Nha, Caliornia My, Uruguay Che bien, an tuoi Xuat khau va tieu thu noi dia Chin muon Chat lugng c

NHA XUAT BAN NO NG N G H IE P

r

P G S.T S DO NANG VINH

(Chu bien)

CAY AN QUA CO MUI

NHA XUAT BAN NONG NGHIEP

HA NOI - 2008

M () DAU

Cay an qua co nuii (citrus) co gid tri kink te vd dink dudng cao Tong sdn luqng qua t o nuii hang ndin tren the gidi vdo khodng 105 trieu tan trong giai doqn n't 2000- 2004, trong do cam chiem tren 50% tong sdn luqng Sdn xuat qua

co nuii van dang tiep tuc tang do thu nhqp cua ngudi dan d mot so quoc gia tang nlianh nhu Trung Quoc, Han Quoc, Nga, An Do, cdc nude Dong Ait, cue nude ASEAN Vi du, a Trung Quoc, tong luqng Iwa qua law tieu thu tqi Trung Quoc tang rat nlianh, trong do tieu thu qua co nuii tang nlianh hem cd Trung Quoc vitcm ten chiem vi tri tint 2 ve san htang qua t o mui, chi sau Braxin (F A O ,2004; Deng, 2008).

Ngitdi tieu d u n g n g a y e d n g co xu hitdng tang slit d u n g qua cd nuii do gid tri dinh dudng cao, dac biet Id tieu d u n g n u d e qua, ra t tien Iqi tr o n g van chuyeti, bdo quan vd sit d u n g P han Idn qua c o m ui sd n xuat 6 M y d u q c c h e b ieii thdnii nitac ep Nam 2007, k h od n g 68% to n g sd n lu q n g q u a thu h o a cli d u q c d em ra che bieii Braxin itdc tilth c h e b ieii k h od n g 13,4 trieu tan ca m tr o n g m ua vu

200512006, sdn lifcm g ca m d o n g h o p u d e tinli c h ie m 73% to n g sd n lu q n g qua thu lioach, sdn p h a m ca m d o n g h o p d u q c itu tien sd n xuat vd xuat khau ( http://www.fas.usda.gov/htplhorticulturelcitrus.litml).

Viet Nam la mot trong cdc trung tarn phat sinh quan trong cua nhieu loa i c a y an qua cd mui vd cd itu the thoi tiet, khi hdu doi vdi sdn xuat nhieu gidng qua cd nuii d a c sdn Cung vdi neii kinh tetdng tnldng nlianh, tieu thu qua cd mui, nhat la cam dnitac

ta tang mqnh Tuy vqy, binh quan tieu thu qua cd mui tren ddu ngitdi moi nam a nitac

ta con rat thap, chi dqt khodng hon 7,0 kglngitai nam, qua thap so vdi tieu thu binh quan khodng 16,0 -18,0 kghigitdi tren the gidi vd tren 40 kglngildi dTayJiu vd Bac

My M oi nam nude ta van phai nhap mot luqng Idn qua tuai vd nude cam tut nude ngodi De’ dqt mite tieu tliu qua cd mui trung binh tren the gidi trong 10 nam tdi, nude

ta phai sdn xuat them khodng 800.000 - 900.000 tan qua mdi nam, hay phai md rpng them klioang 40.000 ha trong mdi cdy an qua cd mui, trong do chit yeu Id cam, bitdi, quyt vdi ndng sudt trung binh phai dqt tren 20 tan/ha Muon md rdng dien tich d quy

mo tren, sdn xuat can khodng 20 trieu cdy gidng tot, sqch benh Nha nude vd cdc tilth can sdm cd quy hoach vd kehoqch phat trien vitng cam cho 10 nam tdi, khi nude ta

ti dthanh nude cong nghiep vdi nhu cau cam tucti vd che bieii gap 3-4 Idn hien nay Van de chon tqo gidng cdy an qua cd mui tot, sqch benh, chat luqng cao, nhat

la giong khdng hat, it hat dang dqt ra cap bach De dap dug duqc nhu cau phat trien tren day, hang loai cdc bien phap dong bo can phai dat ra nhu:

1 Quy hoach vung trong vd cat cau chung loai, chii trong loai qua Viet Nam cd itu the nhu cam, budi; C o cau miia vu thu hoach; C o cau an tuoi vd die bieii; C o cau tin trudng tieu thu noi dia vd xuat khau Dac biet phai sdm nghien cu'u quy hoach vung cong nghiep cam an tuoi vd che bieii.

2. Xdc dinli cdc gidng cd gid tri kinh te cao vd vung sinh tliai thich hop, nhu can thi trudng doi vdi titng loai gidng, chu trong gidng khdng hat, chat luqng cao.

3

3. Xdy dung tap dodn gioiig da dang sinh hoc, sack benh, bdo qudn trong nhd litai hoac trong dieu kien each ly khong gian l it tap dodn, chon tqo ra cac dong, giong vd ca the Uu viet cho titng rung sink thdi.

4 Xdy dung lie thong nhdn gioiig va sdn xuat, bao gom:

- Nhdn nhanh cac ca the clion, Uu viet tqo vitctn cay me cung cap mat ghep trong nhu litcfi.

, - Cung cap giong sack cho ede cong ty va cac dia phuang khao nghiein, ddnh gid, sdn Midi thif va san xuat tliUctng mai.

- Xdy dung mqng lud'i vudn uctm nhdn giong o' cac dia phuo’ng.

- Hinh thank cac mo liinh trinli dien va vimg sdn xuat thitang mai.

De pliat huy the inanh nguon gen, sinli thdi va thi trUdng lieu tint qua co miii vdi quy mo dan sd tren 100 trieu nguai trong tuang lai khong xa, nitdc ta can tap trung nguon htc cho ngliien citu edi tqo cac giong dqc sdn, co Uu the pliat tried nhu cam Sdnh, bitdi Pummelo, mot so giong cam theo liitdng tqo cac gioiig khong hat tit cue giong nay vai yeu cau gioiig khong liat, Uu the lai, co tilth trinli sdn (Parthenocarpy) cao, thick nghi tot va clioiig chiu sdu benh.

Cliieii luqc tqo gioiig cua nude ta phai phoi hop iihuan nhuyen cac phuong phdp truyen thong vdi cong nghe sink hoc hien dai nhu tqo giong tit boi the, tarn boi, dung hop te bdo trail, lai xa, edit phoi, chuyen gen, dot bieii mat ghep va gay tqo bieii di te bdo soma, chan doan benh va cac ky tluidt lam sack benh, kem theo

do la he thoiig nhdn giong xac nhan.

Trong cuoii sack “C ay an qua c o m u i - C o n g n g h e sin h h o c c h o n tq o g i o n g ” nay, cluing toi khong the bao qudt duqc nhieu van de lieu tren, dong thdi cung khong the dita ra cac giai phap pliat tried dong bo doi vdi cay an qua co mui N oi dung chu yeu cua cuoii sack la gidi thieu cac van de ca ban co lien quan deii gioiig khong hat va gioiig sack benh, cac ca sd khoa hoc va tliUc tien cua viec tqo gioiig khong hat, cac ky thuat cong nghe sinh hoc phuc vu gidi phdp gioiig vd qudn ly sdu benh.

■ PGS.TS Db Nang Vinh, cliu bien vd la tac gid chink cua cuoii sack.

Tham gia bien soan quyeii sack edit co:

- TS Ha Thi Thuy vd PGS.TS Db Nang Vinh bien soan Chuang V I (Xdy dung cac phuang phdp chon tqo gioiig cay an qua co mui).

- PGS.TS Pham Van Lam vd TIiS Tran Thi Tliuan bien soan Chuang V III (Sdu benh hqi cay an qua co miii vd bien phdp plwng choiig).

Trong qua trinli bien soan sach, cac tac gid da tham khao vd sit dung mot sdtu lieu, hinh anh ciia cac dong nghiep.

Su ra ddi vd cong bo cuoii sack “C ay a n qua c o m u i - C o n g n g h e sin h h o c

c h o n tq o g i o n g ” da duqc su ung ho vd tai trq cua nhieu ca quan vd ca nhdn, trong

do dac biet la GS N go The Dan, nguyen Thit tritdng Bo Nong nghiep vd P TN T, Vu Khoa hoc - Cong nghe vd moi tritdng vd Chuang trinli Cong nghe Sinh hoc nong nghiep Chung toi xin trail trong cam an.

T a c g ia

Chuffng /

TINH HiNH SAN XUAT QUA CO MUI

1.1 T IN H H IN H SA N X U A T V A T IE U T H U Q U A C O M U I T R E N T H E G l 6 l

T ro n g su o t h a i th a p ki q u a , n g a n h san x u a t c a m q u y t tre n th e g id i k h o n g

n g trn g ta n g n h a n h v a m u c tie u th u q u a c 6 m u i tre n th i tru d n g th e g ia i c u n g n g a y

c a n g ca o T o n g sa n iu q n g citrus h a n g n a m d a t tre n 105 trie u ta n tro n g g ia i d o a n

2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 4 (F A O , 2 0 0 4 ) C o k h o a n g 140 n u d e tre n th e g id i s a n x u a t q u a citrus

(F A O , 2 0 0 4 ) T u y n h ie n , h a u h e t sa n Iu q n g ta p tru n g d n h u n g v u n g n h a t d in h

Ba n u d e sa n x u a t q u a c o m u i ld n n h a t la B ra x in , M y , T ru n g Q uo’c, c h ie m

k h o a n g 6 0 % to n g sa n Iu q n g to an ca u K h o a n g 6 0 % sa n Iu q n g q u a c o m u i d u q c tie u th u d u d i d a n g q u a tu o i, 4 0 % c o n lai la c h e b ie n S ao P a u lo (B ra x in ) va

F lo rid a (M y ) la h a i v u n g sa n x u a t c a m c h u lu c , c h ie m g a n 9 0 % sa n Iu q n g n u d e

c a m to a n c a u B ra x in la n u d e san x u a t q u a c o m u i ld n n h a t c h ie m 2 0 % to n g san

Iu q n g citrus ciia th e g id i, tie p th e n la M v (1 4 % ) T ru n g Q uo'c (1 2 % ) va M e x ic o

(6 % ) (F A O , 2 0 0 4 )

■ Braxin ■ My □ Trans Oud'c □ Mexico

■ Dia Trung Hai ■ Nam Phi ■ Ai Do ® Iran

■ Nigeria g Pakistan q Nhat Ban ■ Cac nude con lai tren

Chanh tay va Chanh ta

(Lemons and limes)

Mexico, An 06, Iran Tay Ban Nha, Argentina, Braxin, My Trung Quoc, Italy, Tho Nhl Ky

Budi Chum My, Trung Quoc, Nam Phi, Mexico, Israel, Cuba, Argentina, An 06, Tho’ Nhl

Ky, Tunisia

C ac n u d e d v u n g D ia T ru n g H a i sa n x u a t c h u y e u la q u a c d m u i a n tu o i tro n g d o T a y B an N h a la n u d e d u n g d a u ve sa n lu o n g M y v a B ra x in dS n d a u ve

s a n x u a t n u d e q u a T u y v ay , sa n x u a t n u d e q u a d M y c h u a dii c h o tie u d u n g tro n g n u d e

S an x u a t q u a c d m u i vSn d a n g tie p tu c ta n g d o th u n h a p c u a n g u d i d a n d

m o t so q u d e g ia ta n g n h a n h n h u T ru n g Q u d e , H a n Q u o c , N g a , c a c n u d e D o n g

A u , An D o , c a c n u d e A S E A N N g o a i ra , n g u d i tie u d u n g c d x u h u d n g ta n g sd

d u n g q u a c d m u i d o g ia tri d in h d u d n g c a o v a tie n lpi

Q u a c d m u i x e p th u n h a t tro n g so' c a c lo a i c a y a n q u a ve g ia tri th u o n g m a i

q u o c te Q u a c d m u i d u p e tie u th u d u d i 2 p h u o n g th u c : q u a tu o i (c h u y e u la

c a m ) v a n u d e q u a (c h u y e u la n u d e c a m ) T ro n g 2 0 n a m cuo'i th e k y 2 0 , thi tru d n g q u a c d m u i a n tu o i ta n g tru d n g th ie n ve c a c lo a i q u a n h o th u o c n h o m

q u y t n h u q u y t lai (ta n g e rin e ), q u y t C le m e tin e S a ts u m a (q u y t O n C h a u ) T h i tru d n g n u d e q u a c u n g ta n g m a n h d o tie n loi tro n g s u d u n g d o i v d i n g u d i tieu

d u n g va g ia tri d in h d u d n g c a o , g ia th a n h c a n h tra n h n h d c a c tie n b o tro n g k h a u

Being 2 Cite nude xuat khau chfnh doi vdi cac loai qua c6 mui khac nhau

xep theo thu tu (FAO, 2003)

B u d i c h u m M y , N a m P h i, Is ra e l, T h o NhT K y , H a L a n , S i, T a y B a n N h a , A rg e n tin a ,

C y p ru s , B a h a m a s

Cac nude d vung Nam ban cau nhir Argentina, Australia va Nam Phi dang tang lupng qua co mui trai vu xuat sang Bde ban cau Cac nude thuoc Dja Trung Hai chit yeu xuat khau qua co mui sang cac nude thuoc lien minh chau Au Con

d My, thi trudng xuat khaiu qua co mui la Nhat Ban, Canada va cac nude vung Nam A O cac nude chau A, san xuat qua co mui chu yeu cho tieu dung noi dia.

Hinh 1.3 Cac nude nhap khaiu qua co mui tuoi tren the gidi tinh ty le % (I AO)

Qua co mui chit yeu duoc tieu thu d cac nude phat trien, mac du tieu thu

qua citrus binh quan tren dau ngudi d cac nude dang phat trien dang tang len

do thu nhap tang Tieu thu qua co mui binh quan dau ngudi d cac nude phat triein nam 2002 la 22kg/ngudi (cam, quyt), 2kg/ngudi (budi); d cac nude dang phat trien la 8,5kg/ngudi (cam, quyt) va 0,5kg/ngudi (budi) (FAO 2002) Nhung theo FAO, tieu thu cam tuoi d cac nude phat trien hien nay co xu hudng giam do hai ly do: tieu thu cam tuoi dang duac tha\ the bang nude cam; khau bao quan va van chuyein dupe cai thien nen co nhieu loai qua thay the khac Tuy vay, tieu thu cam tuoi \ i n phd bien d nhieu nude dang phat trien dac biet la d nhung nen kinh te khong 16 nhu Mexico, An Do, Argentina, Braxin va Trung Quoc.

7

Cam, quyt (pt) Cam quyt (dpt)

C5 n u d e ta , tro n g so c a c lo a i c a y a n q u a , c a y a n q u a c o m u i d tin g th u h a i sau

c h u o i v t ta m q u a n tro n g va y n g h la k in h te D ie n tlc h tro n g c a y a n q u a c o m u i a

M ie n B ac c o 2 v u n g tro n g c a y a n q u a c 6 m u i ld n , v u n g D o n g B ac d o n g vai tro ch u lire, g io n g q u a n tro n g nha't la c a m S anh; v u n g B ac T ru n g b d , c h u y e u la

N g h e A n , la v u n g trd n g c a m n g o t ld n v a ta p tru n g nha't tro n g n u d e T u y vay,

6 n u d e ta h a u h e t c a c v u d n c a y c o m u i tro n g c a n u d e d e u n h ie m b e n h v a n g

la n a n g C ac v u n g sa n x u a t c a m q u v t ta p tru n g h a u n h u bi ta n lui C a c v u d n tro n g m d i d u q c h ln h th a n h d c a c v u n g d a trd n g c a y c o m u i tru y e n th o n g n e n ca y tro n g m d i lu o n x e n k e vdi c a y b e n h , vi v ay tu d i th o va n a n g s u a t c u a c a c v u d n trd n g m d i d d u bi d e d o a N h a n u d e c h u a c o c h u tru o n g , b ie n p h a p d e d in h

h u d n g q u y h o a c h c h o san x u at T d c h u c he th o n g d o i vd i sa n x u a t g io n g sac h

b e n h va c a c d ic h vu k y th u a t c h o n g u d i n o n g d a n n o i c h u n g c o n ra t y e u V iec

d ie u tra n g h ie n c u u ve p h an loai sau b e n h m u c d o n g u y h ie m c u a c a c loai sau

b e n h k h a c n h a u n h a t la ca c b e n h v iru s, tu o n g tu n h u v iru s, tu y e n tru n g d c a y co

Chitong II

NGUON GOC, PHAN BO VUNG TRONG VA PHAN LOAI

CAY AN QUA CO MUI

11

b iet va b d su n g th e m m o t so lo a i, v l d u C n o b ilis (c a m S an h , K in g m a n d a rin )

M o t d ie u d a n g ch ii y la c a c ta c g ia p h a n lo ai C itru s tre n th e g io i d e u ra t q u a n tarn to i v u n g D o n g N a m c h a u A , n h u n g h a u n h u c h u a d e c a p d e n C itru s b V iet

N a m C ac ch i h o h a n g v o i c h i C itru s d a tim th a y a n u d e ta , k e m th e o te n thu'Png

g o i tie n g V ie t d u p e to n g h o p a b a n g 2 2 va b a n g 2.3.

B ang 2.1 M o t so loai th u o c h o p h u a u ra n tio id e a e

M faleatum (Lour) Tanaka

M hirsutum Oliv

M integerrium (Ham.) RoemClauseninae Glycosmls G citrifolia (wield.) Lindl

G arborea (Roxb)Clausena C dunniana Levi.ex Fedde

L nitida Pierre

L Scandens (Roxb) Buch

Pleiospermun P annamense Guill

Tong Tong phu Chi Loai

Limnocitrus L littorale (Miq)

A, monophylla (DC) Correa

A roxburghiana HookFortunella F japonica (Swingle)

Feronia F limonia (L.) Swingle

Tham khao: Socingle va Reece (1967), Sykes (1987) va Jones (1990)

B ang 2.2 C ac chi va loai h o h a n g v6i ch i C itru s a V ie t N a m

TT Chi (Genera) Loai Ten Viet

1 Micromelum M compressum Merr Mat trau nho, cam nui, cay rang de

M faleatum (Lour) Tanaka Chum hoi trang, cay da chuot, lang <St, cit rtrng

M integerrium (Ham.) Roem Mat trau, mep nguybn

2 Glycosmis G citrifolia (wield.) Lindl Budi bung, com rugu

G.arborea (Roxb) = G pentaphylla Com ruou

C excavata Burm.f Cham chau, hong bi dai, dam hoi, mac mot.

gioi

C indica (Dalz.) Oliv Cu khi, vi/ong lung, hong bi nui

Clausena Lansium (Lour) Skeels Hong bi hoang bi quat hong bi nhan

4 Muraya Muraya koenigii (L.) Speng Chum hoi trang, ca n xan troc

Muraya paniculata (L.) Jack Nguyetque

5 Triphasia Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f) j Kim quat

13

TT Chi (Genera) Loai Ten Viet

L Scandens (Roxb) Buch Than xa hudng, ddy chanh rirng, cam rOng

7 Severinia Severinia monophylla (L.) Tanaka Tam xoong, gai xanh, quyt gai, doc luc, men

ten

8 Pleiospermiun P.annamense Guill

A monophylla (DC) Correa Cam rung, tieu quat mot laA.roxburghiana Hook

11 Fortunella Fortunella japonica (Swingle) Quat, tac, hanh, kirn quat

Xem bang 2.3

14 Feronia F limonia (L.) Swingle

= F adenophylla = Liminia acidissima(L-)

Pamplemousse Grapefruit

5 Citrus japonica Thunb = Fortunella

japonica

Quat

9 Citrus paradisi Macf Bucri chum, budi dang

Tham khao: Pham Hoang Ha (1992) va V5 Van Chi (1997)

N u d e ta d u p e x e m la m o t tro n g n h u n g tru n g tarn p h a t sin h d a d a n g sin h h o c

k h a c n h au tro n g d o , vf du, co ra t n h ie u d o n g c a m S anh b u d i D o a n H u n g k h ac

n h au B udi D id n c u n g co ft n h at la 3 d o n g k h a c n h a u c u n g to n tai d tro n g m o t xa

Q u y t D u d n g C a n h c u n g co d o n g n g o t th an h , d u p e tro n g p h o b ie n va d o n g hoi

ch u a , ft d u p e ua thfch ho n , n h u n g lai k h o e h on, k h a n a n g c h o n g b e n h c a o hon

V a n d e c h o n ra c a c d o n g uu viet b e n tro n g m d i g io n g la ra t ctin th iet

v a n d e b e n h v iru s v a b e n h g re e n in g (H e a rn e t al., 1974) H ie n ta i c h u a xac dinh

d u p e g io n g k h a n g g re e n in g n h u n g m ire d o n h id m b e n h n a y k h a c nhau d cac

g io n g k h a c n h a u , vf d u , C itru s g ra n d is (b u d i) v a m o t vai g io n g q u y t to ra c o sure

de k h a n g to t (S a m so n , 1986) M o t so lo ai vf d u c a y n g u y e t que Murrava

p a n ic u la ta va S w in g le a g lu tin o s a h au n h u k h o n g bi b e n h g re e n in g , sinh trudng

b in h th u d n g m a c d u ray c h o n g c a n h ky sin h ra t n h ie u tre n c a y nay (Soelaeman

1981) C ae g io n g b u d i trd n g d n u d e ta n h u b u d i D ie n , budi Doan Hung co sue

dd k h a n g c a o d d i v d i b e n h g re e n in g , c o k h a n a n g c h o nang suat kha trong vung

bi nhiem b e n h g re e n in g n an g

2.2.2 C a c g io n g c a y a n q u a co m u i t r o n g p h o b ie n d V ie t N a m

15

2.4.2 C ac nguon gen co kh a nang sir dung lam goc ghep

h u u th u g iu a c h u n g c h o ta th o n g tin ve m iic d o g d n x a g iu a c a c lo ai

T tr n a m 199 1 , c h u n g to i d a b a t d a u suu ta p so lu p n g Ion g io n g , d o n g c itru s

v a b a o q u a n n g u o n g e n th u d u p e tro n g n h a lu d i v a tro n g o n g n g h ie m in vitro

N h iP u g io n g tro n g d o d a q u a vi g h e p va d u p e x a c d in h la s a c h m o t so b e n h q u a n tro n g M a c d u v a y , v ie c su u ta m , b a o q u a n , p h a n lo a i c itru s v a c h o n lo c c a c ca y

Vung phan bo Ha

Giang

Yen Bai

Tuyen Quang

VTnh Phu

Ha Bac

Scfn La

Lai Chau

Ninh Binh

Nghe An

Ha Tinh

Lang Son

Ghi clui: C medica co 3 dang 16n vdi hin h thai rat k hac n h au d o la C medica b o n g : C.medica

var T h a n h y e n va C.medica var S accodactyiis Phat thu;

C h a p T h a i binh la giong chua xac dinh ro ngudn goc nhung v in duoc su dung lam goc ghep

N g u o n : D 6 D m h C a L u a n a n T ie n si 1996

17

B a n g 2.5. M o t so g io n g c a y an q u a co m u i ch u y e u trong san xu at a n u d e ta

Ten giong Viing trong Thdi vu

thu hoach Dac diem Cam: Citrus sinensis, C nobilis (cam Sanh)

Cam Xa Doai - La giong nhap npi tir

the ky 19 vao Nghe

An, Ha Tinh

- Mot trong cac giong

chQ lire cua vung cam

Phu Quy

La giong chin sdm trung binh

Sinh trodng khoe, nang suat, qua thorn, ruot vang, nhieu node, chat lopng cao nhat trong cac giong cam thoong mai d node ta

Nhopc diem la qua kha nhieu hat

Cam Song

Con

Nghe An, Ha Tinh-

chu yeu la vung cam

Phu Quy

La giong chin trung binh Thu hoach troOc Cam Xa Doai

Cay khoe nang suat, qua nho hon va vo mong hon so vdi Xa Doai, Van Du

Vo qua mau do nhat hoac da cam, co mui thorn hap dan, it hat

Trung binh 10-11 mui, 5-6 hat chac/qua, tep qua mau vang do, mjn, nhieu node

Cam Sanh - La giong lai giQa cam

va quyt, trong khap noi

tir Nam ra Bac

- Bao quan dope lau va de bao quan

Cay sinh trodng khoe, thich nghi rat rong vdi cac vung sinh thai Qua d mien Bac khi chin co mau vang dep, d mien Nam khi chin qua van xanh Tep vang do, mui thorn d§ chju, nhieu node, ngot mat va bo dodng Vo qua day, de bao quan

Nhopc diem: Nhieu hat, dang qua xau do vo san

Cam Van Du

(con goi la

Sunkist)

Da so cho day la

giong nhap noi, thich

nghi rang Vung trong

chinh Nghe An, Ha

Navel Giong nhap noi vao

Vipt Nam

Chin sOm Goi la Navel (cai ran) bdi day qua co mot qua

phu nam lot trong qua chinh

Lb giong khong hat, chat lopng cao, d i boc vo,

de tach mui

Valencia - GiPng nhap Da

trong nhieu d cac

vung d6i thap d Bac

bp, Nam bp

- La giong thich nghi

rong, trong khap the

gidi

Chin muon, qua sau chin con co the lou giCr tren cay vai thang

Hoong vj thorn ngon, it xa, nhieu node, khong hat hoac rat it hat (1-3 hat/qua), ma qua dep

Vi co hoong vi dac biet, giong chu Ipc cua cong nghiep node qua chat lopng cao tren the gidi

Hamlin Giong nhap noi Chin sdm Thu

hoach sdm vao dau thang 10

Cay co xu the voon cao, ra nhieu choi va nhieu dpt trong nam Qua nho, sai qua, it xa, it hat, nhieu node, ngot

Nhopc diem: Qua hay bj ndt

Cac giong quyt: Citrus reticulata.

Quyt

Tich Giang

Phil tho, Ha Tay, Hai

Hong, Son La

Thu hoach vao thang 10, thang 11

- Qua to det, mui to, vo hoi day va gion, mong node, nhieu hat, vach mui dai, nhieu xo ba

Ten giong Vung trong Thcfi vu

thu hoach Dac diem Quyt

DUOng Canh

Trong nhieu d Canh,

Dien (Ha Noi), con goi

la quyt dudng d Ha

TTnh

Chin trude tet va vao dip tet co truyen

- Chin vao djp tet va trude tet, khi chin co mau

do gac rat dep, vo mong nhSn, mui thorn nhe, mong nude, it hat, ngot mat

- Chat luong cao, rat dupe ua chuong

Cam Bu Huong son, Huong

Quyt vo vang Bac Son, Lang Son Thu hoach vao thang

11-Quyt chat luong cao, khong hat, hoac rat it hat

Quyt khac Rat nhieu giong dia

phuong va nhap noi

khac: Quyt chum, quyt

do, quyt xen, quyt vo

Nhupcdiem: - Nhieu hat

Co dong kho lot vo, thjt hoi bi nat

Budi

Phuc Trach

Trong nhieu 6 Ha

TTnh, la mot trong

nhUng giong ngon

nhat hien nay

Thang 8-10 Qua hinh cau, to trung binh, tep qua mau hong

nhat, de boc, mui khong nat, ngot mat

Bi/cfi Nam Roi VTnh Long va cac tinh

Nam Bo

Thang 10,11 - Qua to trung binh, hinh qua le, ma dep, de boc

vo, huong vj thorn, chua thanh, hau nhu khong hat, giong budi chat luong tot nhat hien nay o nudeta

Nhieu giong, dong co dac tinh quy nhu chat

luong, mau sac, kha nang chong chju sau benh,

mot so giO'ng dung lam goc ghep

Chanh: Citrus limonia.

Chanh ta

(Lime)

Co rat nhieu giong,

dong khac nhau

Co 2 dang:

chin theo vu va chin quanh nam

Dung de an qua giai khat, lam thuoc v.v

Chanh Persa Nguon goc Tahiti Thu hoach thang 7-

Nhieu giong khac

nhau, nhap noi

Qua to, nhieu nude, dung uong tra den

19

2.5.1 Gidri thieu mot so giong cam mdi dupe cong nhan

q u a v a c h a t lu p n g q u a v u p t tro i so vdi c a c g io n g k h a c D a y la gio'ng d a y h u a h e n

d o i v d i th i tru d n g c h e b ie n c u n g n h u tie u th u q u a tu o i d n u d e ta

- L a g io n g d u y n h a t m a n g q u a vu tru d e v a vu sa u tre n c u n g m o t c a y sau k h i

k ie n b a t lo i ciia m o i tru b n g , n h a t la d o a m c a o h o a c m u a n h ie u tro n g m u a ra h o a lam ru n g q u a v a la m g ia m n a n g s u a t c u a g io n g

21

Chicang III

CA C GIONG CAY AN QUA CO MUI THUONG MAI CHINH

C ac gio'ng ca y a n q u a c o m u i th u o n g m ai ra t d a d a n g , n h ie u gio'ng c o k h a

n a n g th fch n g h i vdi c a c v u n g sin h th ai ro n g ld n va c h o n a n g s u a t c a o d h a u h e t

c a c v u n g tro n g c a y c o m u i tre n th e g io i M o t so g io n g k h a c c o v u n g th fc h ling

h e p h o n c h o tirng k h u v u c C ac g io n g th u o n g m a i c h fn h , v u n g tro n g , m u c tie u sir

d u n g (a n tiroi h o a c c h e b ie n , x u a t k h a u h a y tie u d u n g n o i d ia ) d u p e g io i th ie u b

c a c b a n g 3.5 v a b a n g 3.6

3.1 GICJl T H IE U M O T S O G IO N G Q U A C O M U I T H U O N G M A I C H IN H

3.1.1 Mot so giong cam ngot (C itru s s i n e n s is (l.) O sb eck )

a) N hom g i o n g V a len cia

Sour orange

Swingle citrumeio

Voikamer lemon

G io n g O lind a V a len cia

G io n g d u o c c h o n lo c tir g io n g V a le n c ia d C a lifo rn ia O lin d a V a le n c ia co

n g u o n g o c tir p h o i vo tin h (n u c e lla r) va d u o c c o n g n h a n n a m 1957 O lin d a

k h o n g k h a c n h ie u so vdi g io n g F ro st va d u p e tro n g p h d b ie n d C a lifo rn ia

G io n g C u tter V a len cia

G io n g C u tte r V a le n c ia d o H S F a w c e tt th u o c C itru s R e s e a rc h C e n tre

10 giong nay chiem ty le 90% tong lugng so cay dugc nhSn giong.

(Ngu6n: The Florida Citrus Arboretum, 2000)

D a c d ie m k h a c c u a N a v e l la q u a v an g tu o i dd b o c vo v a dd ta c h rntii, d u g m

m u i thetm k h ie n N a v e l d u g c co i la lo ai q u a tu o i tu y e t d ie u n h a t

• Nguon goc

Navel da dugc biet den 6 viing D ia Trung Hai vai the kv trude va da dugc

Ferrari a Italia mo ta nam 1646 Navel cung da dugc biet den tir lau a Tay B an

Nha \-a B6 Dao Nha C hic rin g ngudi Bo Dao Nha da dua cam Navel d e n

Braxin va sau do tir Braxin qua U c va vao Florida Navel dugc Bo N o n g n g h ie p

M y nhan nam 1870 va nhan giong d Washington vdi ten ggi W a s h in g to n

25

N a v e l Ba n a m sau gio'ng c a m n a y d u g c gui d e n C a lifo rn ia v a F lo rid a T a i d ay gio'ng d u g c thucm g m a i n h a n h v a p h o b ie n sa n g n h ie u n u d e k h a c

C a m N a v e l c o tarn q u a n tro n g k h o n g 16 tro n g th iro n g m a i, x e p th u 2 tro n g

So lUtfng cay giong Navel thu dUOc tir ghep m lt tren cac giong go'c ghep khac

nhau giai doan tir 7/1989 - 6/2000

citrange

Cleopatra

m andarin

S our orange

Sw ingle citrum eio

G o n z alez - S icilia (1 963) th o n g b ao g io n g N a v el sd m (E arly N a v el) d u g c n h ap

tu C alifo rn ia vao T ay B an N h a n am 1933 va lay ten T ay B an N h a la N av elin a

b) G ion g cam H am lin

C a m H a m lin la gio'ng d u n g d a u b a n g tro n g so' c a c g io n g c a m c h in sd m va

x e p th u 2 ve so' lu g n g c a y d u g c n h a n gio'ng d F lo rid a , c h ie m 2 6 % to n g so cay

T7-T6 Tong so cay

% tong so

Carrizo citrange

C leopatra

m andarin

S our orange

Sw ingle citrum eto

Voikam er lem on

d o n g (T h o n g tin k in h te th i tru b n g , 4 /2 0 0 1 ) C a m S an h d u p e tro n g p h o b ie n 6

c a c tin h v u n g n u i p h fa B ac n h ir H a G ia n g , T u y e n Q u a n g , Y e n B ai vd i n h ie u

d o n g vbi n h ie u d a c d ie m k h a c n h a u V a n d£ c h o n lo c, p h a n lo ai v a p h a n b o

v u n g san x u a t c u a c a c d o n g c a m S an h c a n d u p e tie p tu c n g h ie n curu

G io n g K in g (K in g o f S ia m ) h a y la Q uyt Vua X iem , t h u o c n h d m ca m

g h e p c h a n h sa n (ro u g h le m o n ) v a tro n g a d a t x o p th i q u a x u x i, c h a t lu p n g k e m

C o m o t vai c o n lai c u a g io n g K in g c o g ia tri, d o la E n c o r e , H o n e y , K in n o w ,

W ilk in g , v.v - th u n h a n d u p e tu c o n la i giira K in g x W illo w le a f

3.3 M O T S O G IO N G Q U Y T

a) Nhdm Quyt On Chau (Satsuma)

• N g u o n g o c

Q u y t O n C h a u (tie n g T ru n g ) S a tsu m a (tie n g N h a t) la n h o m g io n g q u y t ra t

n o i tie n g v a r a t q u a n tro n g c u a N h a t B an , T ru n g Q u o c S a ts u m a v a C le m e n tin e

C le m e n tin e la gio'ng q u y t c h a t lu q n g ca o , k h o n g h a t k h i tro n g gio'ng nay-

d o c lap D o d a c tln h d i tru y e n b a t tu h o a h o p (S e lf im e o m p a tib ily ), p h a n h o a

c u a gio'ng n a y k h o n g c o k h a n a n g th u tin h v d i te' b a o tru n g c u a c h ln h n o , v i v a y gio'ng k h o n g c o h a t N h u n g k h i tro n g x e n , c a c gio'ng th u o c n h o m n a y se c o

n h ie u h at

3.4 C A C G IO N G B U d l (P U M M E L O S )

B u d i la c a c g io n g u a n o n g , vd i y e u c a u n h ie t trung binh hang nam tiir 3 0 0 0 -

4 5 5 0 H U B u d i c o th e d u q c tro n g d h a u h e t cac vung khac nhau thuoc n u d e ta

C o th e n o i n u d e ta c o u u th e c a n h tra n h quoc te' trong phat trien s a n x u a t b u d i

29

1 B u d i D a X a n h

B udi D a X a n h d u p e coi la b u d i “ v u a ” vl a n ra t n g o t, ra o n u d e , k h o n g h at (h o a c ra t l't), vo m o n g , th it b u d i co m a u d o ti'm ra t h a p dftn v a c h o tra i q u a n h

X a n h k h o n g h a t b a n d u p e g ia c a o tren thi trudng b a n g e a c h b a o c h u p h o a b a n g

c h ie c lo n g la m b a n g ludri m a t n h o c h u p v a o n u h o a s a p n o , c h o d e n k h i h o a n o

d u p e b a n g a y (c a n h h o a ru n g ), m d ld n g ra c h o tra i n o n d u p e q u a n g h o p to t V d i

p h u o n g p h a p n a y , h o a k h o n g b i th u p h a n c h e o tir n h u y h o a c u a c a y c o m u i k h a c , tra i d a t 1 0 0 % k h o n g h a t T re n c u n g m o t c a y b u d i, n h u n g c h u m h o a d u p e b a o lai

d e u c h o tra i k h o n g m a n g h a t, tro n g k h i d o , n h u n g c h u m h o a k h o n g d u p e b a o , ty

le tra i b i m a n g h a t c h ie m d e n 6 0 - 70%

T in h B en T re v d a trie n k h a i d u a n tro n g 4 0 0 0 h a b u d i D a X a n h g ia i d o a n tu:

2 0 0 6 -2 0 1 0 H ie n tin h d a c o g a n 3 0 0 0 h a, tro n g d o k h o a n g l.OOOha d a n g c h o trai

V a n d e n g u d n go'c c a c g io n g b u d i q u y k h o n g h a t ra t d u p e k h o a h o c q u a n tarn T u y v ay , n g u o n gd'c g io n g b u d i D a X a n h c h u a ro ra n g , d u d i d a y la m o t so

B udi P h u c T ra c h c o m a t ta i H u o n g K h e (H a T in h ) tir m a y tra m n a m n a y , chie'rn vi th e q u a n tro n g tro n g n g u o n th u n h a p c u a ngud'i d a n tro n g v u n g H u y e n

c h u a d u q c n g h ie n c u u lam ro T u y v ay , q u a d o c o th £ kh&ng d jn h ra n g b u d i

P h u c T ra c h c o tfn h th fc h n g h i h e p d o i vdi v u n g d a t v a k h f h a u trd n g N o c h i c h o

n a n g s u a t tro n g n h u n g d ie u k ie n sin h th a i va k h f h a u n h a t d in h

4 B u d i D o a n H u n g

B u d i D o a n H u n g n o i tie n g , n h u n g c o tdi 11 gio'ng b u d i k h a c n h a u , tro n g d o

h a i gid'ng b u d i Situ v a B a n g L u a n c o g ia tri h o n c a v a d a d u q c b a o h o te n g o i

x u a t xu

B udi Suu C h f D a m sau 5 n a m trd n g d a ch o q u a co c h a t lu q n g to t, c a y 15 tu o i

c o n a n g su a t tir 100 - 150 qua Q u a c o c h a t lu q n g ca o , tro n g lu q n g tru n g b in h

5 B u d i D id n

N h ie u y k ie n c h o rd n g b u d i D i6 n c o n g u d n go'c tir b u d i D o a n H u n g , c d th e

la m o t b ie n d i ciia b u d i D o a n H u n g , d u q c tro n g n h ie u d P h u D id n , P h u M in h (T it L ie m , H a N o i) B u d i D i6 n c o tra i tro n , v o tra i n h a n k h i c h in m a u v a n g ca m

T ro n g lu q n g tru n g b in h td 0 ,8 -1 ,2 k g /tra i M u i v a v a c h m u i d 6 ta c h rd i n h a u

T h it tra i m a u v a n g x a n h , a n g io n , n g o t D o B rix t d 1 2 -1 4 T h d i g ia n th u h o a c h

b u d i D id n m u o n h o n b u d i D o a n H u n g , th u d n g tru d e T et N g u y e n d a n k h o a n g

n u a th a n g

An tuoi X u it khau va tieu

thu noi dja

Chin sOm den chin muon

Qua to, khong hat, vo sang mau, de boc,

thdi vu chin

dai

San lugng thip, de cho c h it lugng tot doi hoi dieu kien khl hau dac thu

Cac dong khac nhau

co thdi vu chin, c h it lugng, sanlugng cung nhu kha nang bao quan khac nhau

thu noi dia

cao, It hat,

Mau sac qua kern Dung de an tuoi

hoac che bien

Nam Phi, TAy Ban Nha, Caliornia (My), Uruguay

Che bien, an tuoi

Xuat khau va tieu thu noi dia

Chin muon Chat lugng

cung nhu mau

s ic q u i tuybt vdi, It hat, hoac khdng hat

San lugng tiem nang thip , qua bi anh hudng khi gap thdi tiet gia lanh

La giong trong pho bien va rong r i n h it tren the gidi

Hai

An tuoi, che bien

Tieu thu noi dia Chin vua cho

den muon

Mau sac q u i

v i huong vj doc d io

C in d iiu kiin khi hau dac thu de cho chit lugng qua t it nhit

Chi trong va tieu thu

d mot so vung n hit dinh

cao, ra qua sflm, hat vtra phai (phu thuoc v io do thu phan)

CSy nho, qua co xu huOng ra tung chum, thieu vj chua

Qua co the de lau dugc tren cay va cho c h it lugng tot,

la giong chin sOm chu yeu d Texas

va xuat khau

Chin vira Nang s u it

cao, m iu va huong vi tot

Ra qua khong deu, nhieu hat, khong chju lanh

Dien tlch trong ngay cang thu hep d Florida

Cac giong quyt

1 Clementine: gom cac dong

Oroval, Fina, Nules )

Tay Ban Nha, Maroc An tcroi Xuat khau va tidu

thu noi dia

Chin sdm den chin vira

De b6c, vi ngon khong hat khi khong trong Ian vd cac giong khac

Qua nho, co hat khi gap thu phan cheo

Cac dong-khac nhau

co vu chin, mau sac qua, chat lagng khac nhau La giong pho bien d chau Au nhung hien nay dang bj thay the

mau sac va hirong vj tot, d§ bdc

Ra qua khong deu, nhieu hat, kho thu hoach Man cam vd

Alternaria

Giong nay dang bj pha di de trong thay the

Israel, Uc

An tud Tieu thu ndi dia

va xuat khlu

Chin vira ddn chin muon

Chiu lanh, chat I iron g va mau sac qu£

tuyet hao

Nhieu hat, m in cam

vd bbnh Scab va

Alternaria.

Ra qua each nam

La mot giong lai chua ro nguon goc

La giong lai giffa Duncan grapefruit

va Dancy tangerine

Nhat Ban, Philippines Braxin

An tad Tieu thu ndi dja Chin vCra Qua to, rat de

boc

Vo hay bj phong, kho thu hoach, van chuyen va bao quan

Co le la giong quyt trong pho bien nhat tren the gid

An tad ,ch e bien

Tidu thu ndi dia, xuat khau

Chin vCra den muon

La giong thircmg mai chju lanh tot nhat De boc, khong hat,

Chat lagng qua kern khi trong d nhQng vung can nhiet dd

am aert, kho bao quan

Rat nhieu dong dupe trdng, cac dong nay khac nhau

ve thdi vu chin, chat lugng qua

TAn giong Viing trong chinh Surdung Thj trUdng Thdi vu LTu diem NhUOc diem Chu y

7 Temple Florida (My) An tuoi, che

bien

Tieu thu noi dia Chin vUa Huong vi doc

dao, mau sac

va hinh dang qua dep

Chiu lanh kern, chua, nhieu hat, man cam vdi benh Scab

Dang bi cac giong khac thay the

8 King Siam (cam Sanh) Nhat Ban, Trung

Quoc, Viet Nam, My

An tuoi Tieu thu noi dia Chin muon den

rat muon

Cay sinh trudng khoe, qua to, de dupe lau tren cay, huong vi thorn ngon

It hat cho den nhieu hat, doi hoi tong nhiet cao de chin va cho chat luqng cao

La giong chin muon nhat trong cac giong quyt Khi ghep tr6n chanh nham lam giam chat luqng Thich hop trong d vudn nha

nhieu nuOc, huong vi ngon

Rat nhieu hat khi trdng xen vdi cac giong khac

Rat giong vOi giong Orlando

CAc glAing bucrl

xuatkhau

Chin vira d6n muon

CSy sinh trudng khoe, quA to, nAng suA't cao, huong vj ngon

Nhieu hat La giong tot cho che

bidn bdi vj ngon va mui chac

Nam Phi

An tuoi, che bien

Tieu thu noi dja, xuat khau

Chin sdm den

muon

CAy sinh trudng khoe, nang suat cao, chat luqng tot, gan nhukhong hat

Huong vi khong bang Ducan

La giong bucri trong pho bien nhat the giOi

Ten gidng V iing trdng chinh Sir dung Thj trUdng Thdi vu l/u diem NhUdc diem C hii y

noi dia

Chin sbm ddn vUa

Khong hat, nhieu dudng

Cho chat luong tot khi trong d vung lanh, thu hoach sdm

V6 ddy, Idi rdng Nang sud’t thSp hon Marsh

La gidng lai tarn bdi ddu tidn cd y nghla thuong mai

xuat khau

Chin sdm den vira

Mau tep dep, cdy sinh trueng khoe, gan nhu khong hat

Chua dude thuong mai hoa rdng rdi

Chik chdn sd dupe trdng thay thd gidng Star roby

den vira

Qua to, mau sac dep, nude vUa phai, de bao quan, chiu lanh tot nhat

Nhieu hat, vo ddm ddy Ld gidng thuong mai

quan trong thir hai cua Nhdt Bdn

Cac giong chanh

Califorlia (My), Nam Phi, Israel

An tircri, che bien Tieu thu trong

nude, xuat khau

Chin vUa cho den muon

Cay to vira phai, it hat, cho nang suatva chat ludng tot ngay khi cay con nho

Chiu lanh kern, ra qua khong deu cac nam

Bat tuong hop khi ghep len cam ba Id

La gidng chanh trdng phd bifin nhat tar viing Dia Trung Hai

(My), NanTPhi, New Zealand

Che bien Tieu thu trong

Kho thu hoach, bdo quan, van chuyd’n do qua mong nude, vo mong

Thich hop trong vudn nha hon trdng thuong mai

B ang 3.6 M o t so d a c tfn h c o lie n q u a n d e n h ie n tu o n g k h o n g h at, ft h a t c u a ca c

g io n g c a y a n q u a c o m u i tro n g c a c d ie u k ie n c a n h ta c k h a c n h a u

TT Nhom cac

giong Citrus Ten giong

Khanangchophan

It hat hay khong hat khi trong xen

It hat hay khong hat khi trong each ly

Ban chat khong hat, it hat

Bat due cai khong hoan toan (chi

co rat It te bho trCrng co sue song,nen khi trong xen cung chi co rat Ithat)

Washington(parent)

- Bat due cai khbng hoan toan

trien binh thudng

- Bat tu hoa hopNhieu hat khi trong xen vdi giong cho phan

Khong hat khi trong thuan (each ly)

Clementine Nules hay Nules

****

37

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Cac giong quyt

va quyt lai khac

W Murcott Afourer

Glii chit: It hat hay khong hat: +

Co hat hay nhieu hat: -

C hum g IV

MOT SO DAC TINH SINH HOC QUAN TRONG

6 CAY AN QUA CO MUI

O c a y c o m u i, c a c h o p c h a t d ie u h o a sin h tru b n g th u b n g c o h ie u q u a tro n g

v iec ta o q u a b a n g c o n ducm g trin h san T h e o b ao c a o c u a F u ru s a to v a O h ta (1 9 5 7 ); F u ru s a to va S u zu k i (1 9 5 5 ), m o t vai q u a k h o n g h a t d a d u o c ta o ra o C

' natsudaidai H a y a ta sau k h i xir ly vdi 2 ,4 ,5-T G ib b e r e llin c o a n h hucm g tori sir

h in h th a n h q u a k h o n g h a t a q u y t C le m e n tin e (S o o st, 1958) va c a m lai O rla n d o

(K re z d o rn v a C o h e n , 1962)

T h e o b a o c a o c u a S o k o l’sk a y a (1 9 4 7 ) v a P la u t (1 9 4 7 ), c a c q u a k h o n g h a t

c o th e d u p e k lc h th ic h h in h th a n h b b i v iec be gdy voi n h u y (p is til) tru d e k h i h o a ncr W o n g (1 9 3 9 ) d a th u d u p e c a c q u a k h o n g h a t cira g io n g V a le n c ia sa u b e g a y voi n h u y c u a h o a Sir k ic h th ic h h in h th a n h q u a k h o n g h a t d u p e p h o n g d o a n la

d o c h a t d i6 u h o a sin h tru d n g h o a c d o lo ai b o c a c c h a t ire c h e b a i v ie c n g d t voi

n h u y di

39

B ang 4.1 M o t so d a c tm h di tru y e n q u a n tro n g lie n q u a n d e n sir h ln h th a n h h a t

tro n g q u a v a c h a t lu p n g q u a c o m u i

TT Ten giong Dac tinh di truyen quan trong Dac diem khac

1 Cac giong cam

Navel

- Hoan toan bat due due

- Co te bao trUng co sUc song.nhung ty le bat due cai khacao, co the dung lam cay me trong chon tao giong

- Hoan toan khong hat trong dieu kien trong eachiy

- Co the co it hat neu dugc thu phan cheo

2 Cac giong quyt

nhom On Chau

(Satsuma)

- Bat due due khong hoan toan

- Nhieu giong mdi bat due ca due lln cai

- Co it hat phan co sire song, rat

it noan co sire song

It hoac rat it hat, thudng la dudi 5 hat/qua (dudi 5 hat/qua dugc coi la khong hat)

- Co hat neu thu phan cheo vdi giong tuong hgp

5 Buoi chum Marsh,

- Giong Sweety (Oroblanco): Con lai giua Pummelos va Grapefruit, khong hat San xuat Idn

c a n vai p h a n tra m tro n g to n g so h o a p h a t trie n th a n h q u a Sir th u p h a n , th u tin h

va p h a t trie n p h o i him tin h th o n g thucm g k h o n g p h a i la m o t y e u c a u tu y e t do i

c a n d o i vbi d a u q u a b c a y co m u i H ie n tu q n g d a p h o i la p h b b ie n C h i c o vai

lo a i/g io n g la d o n p h o i, v i d u b u b i P u m m e lo va q u y t te m p le

M o t so g io n g n h u q u y t C le m e n tin e , T a n g e lo s (c o n lai g iu a q u y t T a n g e rin e

va b u b i G ra p e fru it), co n lai g iu a T a n g e lo s v a T a n g e rin e v a v ai g io n g b u b i (P u m m e lo s ) la c a c g io n g b a t tu h o a h o p v a c o y e u c a u th u p h a n c h e o d e ta o hat

M o t so g io n g h o a c n h o m g io n g , g o m c a m N a v e l, q u y t S a tsu m a , c h a n h

T a h iti, v.v th u b n g ta o q u a k h o n g h at C a c g io n g n a y k h o n g d o i h o i th u p h a n ,

m a c d u n a n g s u a t q u a c o th e ta n g n e u c a c g io n g n a y d u p e th u p h a n tu" c a c g io n g

4 0