hoàn thiên quy trình công nghệ sản xuất hạt giống và thâm canh thương phẩm giống lúa hương cốm tại các tỉnh miền bắc

Tinh hinh to chirc hoi thao, hgi nghj: Hgi thao nham danh gia ket ctia mo hinh san xuat hat giong NC huong cflm, ngay tiiang nam 2008, 5,0 trieu, tai CT TNHH Cucmg Tan Hfli thao nham da

BO KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH|

-tX-BO GIAO DUC VA BAO TAO 1

CHlTONG TRINH KHCN C A P NHA NlTOfC KC06/06-10

B A G C A O T O N G H O P KET QUA KHOA HOC CONG NGHE DlT AN

TEN Dir AN: HOAN THIEN QUY TRINH CONG NGHE

SAN XUAT HAT GIONG VA THAM CANH THU^ONG P H A M GIONG LUA HirONG COM TAI CAC TINH MIEN B A C

PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Tram

Ban chu nhiem Chucmg trinh

KT Chil nhiem

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KT Giam doc Phd Giam ddc

TS Pham Hihi Glue TS Nguyln Thien Thanh

WB

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CAC CO QUAN PHOI HQfP CHINH

1 Trung tam khao kiem nghiem gidng, san pham cay teong va phan bon Qudc gia

2 Trimg tam khao nghiem va khuyen nong Thai Binh

3 Trung tam giong Cay trong Ha Ngi

4 Tram khuyen nong Thach Thit-Ha Ngi

5 Tnmg tam Thuc nghiem va dao tao nghe-Trudng Dai hgc Ndng nghiep

6 Cong ty Co phan giong cay trong Thai Binh

7 Cong ty TNHH Cudng Tan

8 Cong ty TNHH Nam Duong

9 Cong ty dau tu va phat trien cong nghe cao Hai Phdng

10 Cdng ty co phan Giong cay trdng Hai Duong

TRLiCiNG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NOI CONG HOA XA HOl CHU NGHIA VIET NAM VIEN SINH HQC NONG NGHIfP Doe lap-Tir do-Hanh phuc

Hd Ngi, ngdy 26 thdng 1 ndm 2010

BAO CAO THONG KE

KET QUA T H V C H I E N DU AN SXTN

I THONG TIN CHUNG

1 Ten dy an: "Hodn thifn quy trinh cong nghe sdn xuat hgl giong va

tham canh thuang pham giong lua Huo'ng com tgi cac tinh mien Bac"

Mas6;KC06.DA.12/06-10

Thugc:

- Chuang trinh khoa hgc va cong nghe trgng diem cap Nha nude

- Du an khoa hgc va cong nghe; "Nghiin dm, phdt trien vd ung

dung cdng nghi tiin tien trong sdn xuat cdc sdn phdm xudt khdu chii luc"

- Dge lap cap Nha nude

2 Chii nhiem Dy an:

Hg va ten; Nguyen Thi Tram

Nam sinh; 1944 Nam/Nu; Nu

Hgc ham; NGND, Phd giao su Hgc vi: Tien sy Di truyen va chgn

gidng cay teong

Chiic danh khoa hgc; Chiic vu: Cd van khoa hgc

Dien thoai: CQ: 04.38768.260 NR; 04.38688.199 DD; 0915.588.795

Fax; 04.38276.554 E-mail: ntteamniiKggmail.com

Ten to chuc dang cong tac: Vien Sinh hgc Nong nghiep-Trudng Dai hgc

Ndng nghiep HN

Dia chi to chiic : Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha NOi

Dia chi nha rieng: S6 nha 20 ngo 154 Ph5 Phuang Lift, Phudng Phuomg

Liet, Quan Thanh Xuan-Ha Ngi

3 To chu-c chu tri Du- an:

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Dienthoai; 04.38768260, Fax; 04.38276554, Email: vshnn@hua.edu.vn Dia chi; Trau Quy-Gia Lam-Ha NOi

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Md tai kho bac Nha nude Gia Lam-Ha NOi

Ten ca quan chu quan du an: Trudng Dai hgc Ndng nghiep Ha Ngi, BO Giao due & Dao tao

n TINH HINH T H V C HIEN

1 Thai gian thu-c hien Dir an:

- Theo hgp dflng da ky kit; tir tiiang 12/2007 din thang 11/2009

- Thue tl tiiuc hifn: tit thdng 12/2007 din tiiang 3/2010

- Dugc gia han; Lin I tu tiiang 11/2009 din 3/2010

2 Kinh phi va sa dung kinh phi

a) Tflng kinh phi thuc hien 6.467,53 trifu dong, teong do:

4- Kinh phi ho teg tir SNKH: 1.600,0 teieu dong

-I- Kinh phi tu nguon khac: 4.867,53 trieu ddng

-F Ty le va kinh phi thu hfli: 60%, 960,0 teieu ddng

b) Tinh hinh cap va su dung kinh phi tir ngudn SNKH;

Thirc ted

Thdi gian (Thdng, nam) 12/2007 3/2009 12/2009

at duac

Kinh phi (Tr.d) 660,00 658,00 282,00 •

Ghi chii

(So de nghi quyet todn)

460,84 510,93 628,23

c) Ket qua su dung kinh phi theo cac khoan chi:

Dan vj tinh: Tri^u dong

Thiet bi, may

moc mua mdi

Nha xudng xay

dung mdi, cai tao

Kinh phi hd teg

cong nghe

Chi phi lao dOng

Nguyen vat lieu,

233,7

1.600,0

Nguon khac

2,082,50 1.565,72

233,7

1.600,0

Nguon khac 0,50

2,714,65 2.040,18

112,20

4.867,53

- Ly do thay dfli (neu cd): Vi gia ca ciia nguyen vat lieu, cong lao dOng tang,

do vay Du an da phai huy dOng them vOn dOi ting de trien khai thuc Men cac ngi dung theo nhu da dang ky

(Liet ke cdc qi^et dinh, van ban cua ca quan quan ly tu cong doan xdc dinh nhiem vu, xet chon, phe duyet kinh phi, hop ddng, diiu chinh (thai gian, noi dung, kinh phi thuc hien niu co); vdn bdn ciia to chuc chu tri di tdi, du dn (dan, kien nghi diiu chinh neu co)

Quyet dinh ve viec thanh lap HOi dflng khoa hgc

va cflng nghe cap Nha nude tu van xet chgn to

chiic va ca nhan chii tri thuc hifn du an SXTN dl

thuc hien teong kf hoach nam 2007 thufle Chuang

trinh; Nghifn ciiu, phat trien va irng dyng cflng

nghf tien tifn trong san xuat cdc san pham xuat

khiu chil luc" ma so KC06/06-10

Bien ban hgp hfli dflng KH&CN danh gia hfl sa

dang ky tuyen chgn, xet chgn td chiic, ea nhan ehu

tri du an SXTN cap Nha nude

Quyft dinh ve viec phe duyet cac td chiic, ca nhan

triing tuyen chil tei thuc hien cac de tai, du an

SXTN nam 2007 (dgt 1) tiiugc chuang teinh

"Nghien cim, phat trien va ung dung cflng nghf

tien tien teong san xuat cac san pham xuat khau

chu luc" ma sfl KC.06/06-I0

Quyit dinh kinh phi 07 dl tai, 05 du an SXTN bit

dau thuc hien nam 2007 thufle chuang teinh

KH&CN teong diim cip Nha nuac giai doan

2006-2010 "Nghien ciiu, phat trien va itng dung

cflng nghe tien tiin teong san xuat cac san pham

xuit khiu chii luc" ma sfl KC06/06-10

Bien ban hgp thim dinh Du an san xuat thii

nghiem cip Nha nude

Ghi chii

" s

& f f i

bl) bO

O tl

6 Tinh hinh hop tac quoc te:

(Noi dung, thai gian, kinh phi, dia

diem, ten to chirc hop tdc, so doan,

sd luong nguai tham gia )

Thuc te dgt duac (Not dung, thai gian kinh phi dia diem, ten to chiic hop tdc, so Hodn, so luong nguai tham gia )

Ghi

cha*

- Ly do thay dfli (neu c6):

7 Tinh hinh to chirc hoi thao, hgi nghj:

Hgi thao nham danh gia ket

ctia mo hinh san xuat hat

giong NC huong cflm, ngay

tiiang nam 2008, 5,0 trieu,

tai CT TNHH Cucmg Tan

Hfli thao nham danh gia ket

eiia mo hinh san xuat hat

giong NC hucmg com, ngay

tiiang nam 2008, 5,0 teieu,

tai Thai Thyy-Thai Binh

Hfli thao nham danh gia ket

cua mo hinh san xuat hat

giflng XN huang cflm, ngay

thang nam 2008, 5,0 teieu,

tai Thach That-Ha NOi

Hgi thao nham danh gia ket

ciia mfl hinh san xuat hat

giflng XN huong cflm, ngay

thang nam 2009, 5,0 trieu,

t£ii Gia Lam-Ha Ngi

Thirc le dgt duac (Not dung, thai gian, kinh phi, dia diim)

Hfli thao nham ddnh gia kft cua

mo hinh san xuat hat giong NC huang cflm, ngdy thang nam 2008, 5,0 trifu, tai CT TNHH Cucmg Tan

Hfli thao nham ddnh gia ket cila mfl hinh san xuat hat giflng NC huang cflm, ngay thang nam 2008, 5,0 teifu, tai Thai Thyy-Thai Binh

Hgi thao nham danh gia ket cita mfl hinh san xuat hat giong XN huang cflm, ngay thang nam 2008, 5,0 trieu, tai Thach Thit-Ha NOi

Hgi thao nhdm danh gia ket cua mfl hinh san xuat hat giflng XN huang com, ngay thang nam 2009, 5,0 teieu, tai Gia Lam-Ha Nfli

Ghi

cha*

8 Tom tat cac noi dung, cong viec chu yeu:

(Neu tgi muc 15 cua thuyet minh, khong bao gom: HQI thdo khoa hoc, diiu tra khdo sdt trong nuac

san xuat giong

Quy teinh tham

canh Huang

com

Xay dung mo

hinh trinh dien

Dao tao 1 thac

- thdng ndm)

Theo ke hoach 6/2008-12/2009

11/2008

11/2009

6/2009

11/2009

12/2007-Thuc te dat duoc 6/2006-12/2007

11/2008

11/2009

12/2007-11/2009

12/2009-11/2009

10/2007-Ngudi, ca quan thuc hien

Trung tam Khao kiem nghiem giflng, san pham cay trong va phan bon Qufle gia

Vien Sinh hgc Nong nghiep

Bg mon Thuy nflng-canh tac Khoa Tdi nguyen va Moi trucmg; Vien Sinh hgc NOng nghiep; Trung tam thyc nghifm

va Dao tao nghe, Truang Dai hgc Nong nghiep HN

Cae HTX DV Nflng nghifp: Minh Quang-Tam EJao-Vinh Phuc; Dong Mai-Yen Phong-Bac Ninh; Hfl Timg Mau-An Thi-Hung Yen; Da Tfln-Gia Lam-Ha Nfli

Vien Sinh hgc Nong nghifp; Trung tam khao nghiem va Khuyin nflng Thai Binh; Trung tam ting dung tien bO khoa hgc-

Sa Khoa hgc va Cflng nghe Hai

Duong; Trai giflng liia Thucmg Tin-Ha Ngi; Cflng ty TNHH Cucmg Tan

(Ngi dung liun gian, kinh phi, dia diem)

HOi thao nham danh gia ket

cua mfl hinh tham canh

thuang pham giflng lua hucmg

com, ngay thang nam

2009, 5,0 trieu, tai Minh

Quang-Tam Dao-VInh Phiic

HOi thao nham danh gia ket

cita mO hinh tham canh

thuang pham giflng lua huong

cflm, ngay thang nam

2009, 5,0 teieu, tai Yen

Phong-Bac Ninh

Hfli thao nham danh gia ket

cua mfl hinh tham canh

thucmg pham giflng lua huong

com, ngay thang nam

2009, 5,0 teifu, tai Gia

Lam-Ha Ngi

Hgi thao nham danh gia ket

ciia mo hinh tham canh

thuong pham giong liia huong

cflm, ngay thang nam

2009, 5,0 teieu, tai An

Thi-Himg Yen

Thuc te dgt duac (Not dung, thai gian, kinh phi, dia diem)

HOi thao nham danh gia kit ciia mfl hinh tham canh thucmg pham giong lua hucmg cOm, ngay thang nam 2009, 5,0 trieu, tai Minh Quang-Tam Dao-VTnh Phuc

Hfli thao nham danh gia kit ciia mfl hinh tham canh thuang pham giflng lua huong cflm, ngay thang nam 2009,5,0 trieu, tai Yen Phong-Bac Ninh

Hfli thao nham ddnh gid ket ciia mfl hinh tham canh thuang pham giong liia huong com, ngE^r tMng nam 2009, 5,0 trieu, tai Gia Lam-Ha Nfli

Hgi thao nham danh gia ket cila mfl hinh tham canh thuang phim giflng liia huang cflm, ngay thang nam 2009,5,0 trieu, tai An Thi-Himg Yen

Ghi chu*

1 San pham KH&CN da tao ra:

a) San pham Dang I:

Ten san pham va chi lieu

chat lugfng chu yeu

Hat giflng SNC

Hat giflng NC

Hat giflng xac nhan

Hat giong thuang pham

Ban vido

kg Tan

Tan

Tan

Theo ke hogch

Qui trinh chon Igc S*JC

Qui trinh nhan nguyen chiing

Qui trinh nhan hat giong xac nhan

Qui teinh tham canh thucmg pham

Yeu cau can

Theoke hoach

Thuc te dat dugc

c) San pham Dang III;

Ten san pham

Anh huang cita tuoi ma va phucmg

thiie lam ma den sinh truang, phat

trien va nang suat ciia giong liia

Hucmg cflm trong dieu kien vy xuan

va vu miia 2008

Anh huong cila ky thuat bon phan

va lugng phan bon den sinh trudng,

phat teien va nang suat cua giflng

ilia Huang cflm trong dieu kien vu

xuan va vy mua 2008

Anh huang cila mat dfl va so danh

cay den sinh truomg, phat trien va

nang suat ciia giong liia Huong com

teong dieu kien vu xuan va vy miia

2008

Anh huang ciia ky thuat thu hoach

va bao quan giflng den chat lugng

giong huong com

Ket qua phan tich chat lugng cua

giflng huang cflm teen cac vimg

teong liia mien Bac Viet Nam qua

cac vu

Nghien ciiu su fln dinh mui tham,

nang suat va chat lugng giflng lua

huong cflm qua cac the he chgn lge

sieu nguyen chiing

Buac dau nghien ciiu su on dinh

nang suat, chSt lugng cua cac cap

hat giflng huong com tai mgt sfl

vimg teflng liia phia Bac Viet Nam

Yeu cau khoa hgc can dat

Bai bao khoa hgc

Thue te dat duac

Bai bag khoa hgc

So luang, nai cong bo (Tap chi, nhd xudt bdn)

02, luu hanh nOi bO

04, luu hanh nOibg

02, luu hanh nOibg

02, luu hanh nOibO

01, luu hanh nOibg

01, Tap chi khoa hgc va phat teifn, Trucmg DHNNHN

01, Tap chi khoa hgc va phat trien, Trudng DHNNHN

d) Ket qua dao tao;

Thuc tl dat dugc

1

3

Ghi chu (Thai gian tiet thuc)

2008

2008 d) Tinh hitih dang ky bag hg quyen so him cflng nghiep, quyen dfli vdi giong cay teong:

I

Ghi cha (Thai gian liet thuc)

2008

e) Thflng ke danh muc san pham KHCN da dugc irng dung vao thuc tl

(Ghi ro ten, dia chi nai img dung)

Tmng tdm giing cdy telng Hd Tdy, Trung tdm giflng cdy trflng Thanh H6a, Cong ty efl phdn giflng cay teflng Thdi Binh

Cong ty Cl phdn giflng cdy teong vd vdt nuoi tinh Qudng Nam, Cong ty efl phan diu tu vd phdt teiln nong nghiep cao Hdi Phong, Cflng ty TNHH Cucmg Tdn, Cong

ty cl phin giflng cay teflng Thdi Binh Cong ty Co phdn giong cay teong vd vat nufli tinh Qudng Nam, Cflng ty efl phdn ddu tu vd phdt trien nong nghiep cao Hdi Phong, Cong ty TNHH Cucmg Tan, Cflng

ty efl phdn giflng cdy teong Thdi Binh, Cong ty Co phan giing cay teong Hdi Phong, Cflng ty TNHH Nhd nude mgt thdnh vien ddu tu vd PTNN Hd Ngi

Phdng Nong nghiep vd PTNT Vii Thdi Binh; Phdng Nong nghifp vd PTNT Thdi Thuy-Thdi Binh; Trung tdm Khuyin nflng Nam Dinh; Trung tdm giflng cay teflng Hd Tdy; Phdng Nong nghiep vd PTNT Binh Luc-Hd Nam;

Thu-Phdng Nong nghifp vd PTNT My Hung Yen

Hdo-Kit qua sabd

Chgn tao dugc 3.750

kg hat giong sieu nguySn chung

137,8 tin hat nguyen chiing

452,6 tin hat xdc nhdn

Da trien khai teen 5.000 ha thuang phdm, ndng sudt dat tir 54,3-72,6 ta/ha

(Ghi ro ten, dia chi nai iing dung)

Cong ty C6 phdn giflng cdy trdng vd vdt nufli tinh Qudng Nam, Cdng ty cd phdn ddu tu vd phdt triln ndng nghiep cao Hdi Phdng, Cdng ty TNHH Cudng Tdn, Cdng ty CO phdn gidng cdy trdng Thdi Binh, Cdng ty C6 phdn gidng cay trdng Hdi Phdng, Cdng ty TNHH Nhd nude mft thdnh vien ddu tu vd PTNN Ha Ngi

Phdng Ndng nghiep vd PTNT Vu Thdi Binh; Phdng Ndng nghiep vd PTNT Thdi Thyy-Thdi Binh; Trung tdm B^uyln ndng Nam Dinh; Trung tdm giflng cay tedng Ha Tdy; Phdng Ndng nghiep vd PTNT Binh Lyc-Hd Nam;

Thu-Phdng Ndng nghiep vd PTNT My Himg Yen

Hdo-Kit qua sabp

Trien khai dugc 251 ha sdn xuit hat gidng xdc nhdn

Da trien khai tren 5.000 ha thucmg phdm/vy, ndng sudt dat tir 54,3-72,6 ta/ha

2 Danh gia ve hieu qua do de tai, du an mang lai:

a) Hieu qua ve Ichoa hgc va cflng nghe:

Du an da hoan thien dugc 03 qui trinh cflng nghf san xuat hat giflng va

01 qui trinh tham canh thuang phim giflng liia Huong com Cac qui trinh nay

da dugc chuyin giao cho cac Trung tam, Cflng ty, Trai giong va cac HTX Nflng nghiep ap dung

Dvr an da gop phin dao tao 01 thac sy nflng nghiep, 03 ky su nflng nghiep va cac can bo tham gia dao tao vl ky thuat chgn loc, duy tri, san xuat cac cap hat giOng huong com

da dugc BO Nong nghiep va PTNT cong nhan giflng Qufle gia va cip bdng bao hO giflng cay trong 2008

b) Hieu qua ve kinh te xa hgi:

Du an da gop phin md rOng dien tich gieo ciy giflng liia Hucmg com teen 10.000 ha/nam, tang them thu nhap cho ngudi san xuit 7-10% so vdi cac giflng Ilia ciing tea

3 Tinh hinh thuc hifn che do bao cao, Idem tra cua de tai, du- an:

(Tomt^ketqud f^tlumchmh, n^tdichutri )

Bdo cdo dinh ky

Cac noi dung cua du an thirc hien theo diing tien

dp, san pham cua du an dat chi tieu chdt luong Trong qua trinh trien khai dir an, giong liia thom Huong com da dugc cong nhan la giong Quoc gm

va cdp bdng bao hg giong cay trong nam 2008 Day la kSt qua n6i bat cua Du dn Mat khac Dir an

da gop phan mo rgng dien tich tren 16 tinh thanh phia Bdc voi dien tich khodng 7.000 ha/nam KiSm tra dinh ky

Lan 1 16/12/2008

Da hoan thanh cac ngi dung cua du dn theo hgp d6ng Cu the nhu sau:

- So lieu khao nghiem DUS;

- Cdc qui trinh cong nghe sdn xult hat gidng; Qui trinh tham canh thuong pham;

- 10 bao cdo khoa hgc;

- T6 churc 17 lop dao tao chuySn tu cho can bo, ky thuat vien va nong dan tham gia du an;

- Xay dung 4 mo hinh trinh dien;

- San xudt dugc 600 kg hat sieu nguyen chiing;

(Torn tdt kit qua ket iugn chinh ng^ chu tri )

Da hodn thanh cdc ngi dung cua du an theo hgp dong Cu the nhu sau:

- Bdng mo ta cdc tinh trang cua gi6ng;

- San xudt dugc 900 kg hat sieu nguyen chiing,

150 tin hat nguyen chung; 200 tin hat xac nhan;

- Xay dimg 4 mo hinh trinh dien;

- To chuc 10 lop dao tao chuyen tu cho can bg, ky thuat vien va nong dan tham gia du an;

Dy dn dugc to chuc triSn khai t6t; su dung nhdn luc hgp ly, co Hen quan vdi nhi^u co quan nghien cuu, dia phucmg de thuc hien du dn Da huy dfing von doi ung kip thoi de thuc hien Dy an da thyc hien day du ve so lugng, khoi lugng, chung loai san pham khoa hgc cong nghe so voi dang ky trong thuyet minh va hgp dong Dac biet cac san pham dang III (giong si6u nguyen chung, nguydn chung, xac nhan deu vugt trgi Cac san pham khac deu dat

Chu nhiem Dv an

(Hg ten, chii ky)

PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Tram

Thii truomg td cbuc cha tri

(Hgtip^^e^ky -BD 36ng ddu)

MUC LUC

CHirONG I TONG QUAN NGHIEN ClTU TRONG vA NGOAl NLTdC 3

I I Tinh hinh san xuat va tieu thu lua gao tren the gidi 3

1.2 Tinh hinh san xuat va tieu thu liia gao d Viet Nam i

CHLTONG II MUC TIEU, N Q I DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUTj 7

2.1 Muc tieu chung; 7 2.2 Myc tieu true tiep ciia Du an: 7

2.3 NOi dung eua Du an 7

2.3.1 Mfl ta cflng nghe 7

2.3.2 Nhirng van de du an can giai quyet ve edng nghe 11

2.3.3 Phucmg phap nghien ciiu 13

CHUONG III KET QuA NGHIEN CUU VA T H A O L U A N 20

I Hoan thien cdc quy trinh cflng nghe san xuat hat gidng va tham canh thuang

pham giflng liia huang cflm 20

1.1 Xay dung ban mo ta lam casd cho chgn Igc aeu nguyen chiing, ngi^en chung 20

1.2 Hoan thien qui trinh cflng nghe saa xuat hat giflng sieu nguyen chiing,

nguyen chiing va xac nhan giong lua Huang cdm 21

1.2.1 Danh gia kft qua chgn Igc sieu nguyen chung qua eac the hf tir G0-G2 21

1.2.2 Nghien ciiu thdi vu thich hgp cho san xuat hat giflng lua Huong cflm 46

1.2.3 Nghien ciiu anh hudng ciia mat dO va phan bdn tdi nang suat san xuat

hat giflng liia Huang com 49

1.3 Hoan thien quy trinh tham canh giflng Ilia therm Hucmg cdm 50

II San xuat cae cap hat giflng va xay dung mfl hinh teinh dien 56

2.1 San xuat hat giflng 56

2.2 Kit qua xay dung mfl hinh teinh diin tai mgt so vimg teflng liia mien Bae

Viet Nam 57

1) Quy mfl va dia diem san xuat: 57

2) Ket qua xay dung mfl hinh trinh dien 58

III Ket qua dao tao can bO va tap huan cho nflng dan tham gia sdn xuit 68

IV Hieu qua kinh te-xa hgi 69

CHUONG IV KET L U A N V A DE NGHI 71

4.1 Kit luan 71 4.2 Df nghi 72

BANG CHU GIAI C H C VIET TAT

HC Huong cdm HTl Huang thom so 1 BT7 Bdc thom 7 SNC Sieu nguyen chiing

NC Nguyen chung

XN Xdc nhan TCVN Tieu chuin Viet Nam TCN Tieu chuan ngdnh

CT Cflng thiic

TT Trung tam

TB Trung binh TGST Thdi gian sinh trudng

TV Thdi vy HSHQ He sd hdi qui NSTB Nang suat trung binh

DANH M U C C A c BANG Bang 3.1 Tinh khac biet cila gidng Huong com so vdi giflng tuong tu 9311 20

Bang 3.2 Tinh khac biet ctia giflng Huong cflm so vdi giflng tuong tu BM9855 20

Bang 3.3 Kft qua chgn ddng ket hgp vdi danh gia miii thom vy miia 2007 (GO) 22

Bang 3.4 Miic dO thom la va nOi nhu cda cac ddng Huong cdm chgn sifu

nguyen chung tir G0-G2 24 Bang 3.5 Ty le phan ly rniii tham teong cac ddng Huong cdm chgn sieu

nguyen chung tit G0-G2 26 Bang 3.6 Mgt so tinh trang chit lugng cua 20 ddng huang cflm qua hai vu gieo

teflng (xuan va miia 2008) 28 Bang 3.7 Cac yeu to cau thanh nang suat ciia cae ddng huong com qua ba -vu

chon sieu nguyen chiing (G0-G2) 31

Bang 3.8 Nang suat ca the va nang suat thuc thu ciia cac ddng hucmg cflm qua

ba vu chgn sieu nguyen chung (G0-G2) 34

Bang 3.9 Dac diem nflng sinh hgc cua cac ddng hucmg edm chgn sieu nguyen

chiing d thi he GO (miia 2007) 36

Bang 3.10 Dac diem nflng sinh hgc ciia cac ddng huong cflm chgn sifu

nguyen chiing d the he Gl (xuan 2008) 38

Bang 3.11 Dac diim nong sinh hgc cua cac ddng huong edm chgn sieu

nguyen chiing d the he G2 (mua 2008) 40

Bang 3.12 Su xuit hifn sau benh hai tu nhifn teen cac ddng huang cflm sieu

nguyfn chung d thi he GI va G2 (xuan va mua 2008) 42

Bang 3.13 Danh gia do fln dinh tinh thom qua cac cip hat gidng ciia giflng liia

thom Huong com 45 Bang 3.14: Thdi gian qua cac giai doan sinh trudng va sfl la tren than chin ciia cac

thdi vu gieo trflng tren giflng Ilia Huong cflm vu xuan vavu miia 2008 46

Bang 3.15 Su xuit hien sau benh hai tu nhien ciia giflng lua Huong Cflm qua

cac thdi d cac vy teong teong difu kien vu xuan va vu mua 2008 47

Bang 3.16 Cac ylu t6 clu thanh nang suit va nang suat cua giflng liia Huang

Cflm d cac thdi vu gieo teong 48

Bang 3.17 Anh hudng cua mat do va phan bdn tdi nang suit giflng liia Huong

cflm trong dieu kien vu xuan 2008 (ta/ha) 49

Bang 3.18 Anh hudng cila mat do va phan bdn tdi nang suit giong lua Huong

cflm trong dieu kien vy miia 2008 (ta/ha) 50

Bang 3.19 Anh hudng cua tudi ma va phuang thite lam ma dfn TGST va cac

yeu to cau thanh nang suat cila giflng lua Huang cflm vy miia 2008 51

Bang 3.20 Anh huo'ng cua tufli ma va phuang thirc lam ma dfn TGST va ede

yfu to cau thanh nang suat cua gidng liia Hucmg cflm vy xuan 2009 52

3.21 Anh hudng ciia sd danh cay va mat do den nang suit thyc thu cua giong

Huang cflm trong dieu kifn vu mua 2008 (ta/ha) 53

3.22 Anh hudng cua sfl danh cay va mat dfl den nang suat thuc thu cua gidng

Huang cflm trong dieu kien vu xuan 2009 (ta/ha) 53

Bdng 3.23 Anh hudng cila mat dO va phan bdn tdi ndng suat 54

giflng Ilia Huang cflm trong difu kifn vu mua 2008 (ta/ha) 54

Bang 3.24 Anh hudng cua mat do vd phan bdn tdi nang suat 55

gidng liia Huong cflm trong dieu kien vu xuan 2009 (ta/ha) 55

Bang 3.25; Anh hudng phan bon Dit hiem den ndng suat va chat Iugng giflng

huong cflm vu xuan 2008 56

Bang 3.27 Mflt so tinh trang chit Iugng thuang trudng cila gidng Huong cflm qua

cac vung, cac vy gieo teflng (vu xuan va vy mua 2009) 61

Bang 3.28 Mgt s6 tinh trang chit lugng niu nudng cila cac ddng hdn hgp hucmg

cdm qua cac -vimg teflng teong dieu kifn vy xuan 2009 62

Bang 3.29 Chit lugng dinh duang vd niu nudng cua giong huong cflm va dfli

chiing qua tai 4 viing trflng trong dieu kien vy miia 2009 64

Bang 3.30 Danh gia chit lugng com ciia gao Huang cdm qua cac thdi gian

bao quan 65 Bang 3.31 Nang suit va cac ylu td ciu thanh nang suat cua cac ddng hon hgp

huang cflm qua cac vung, cac vu gieo teflng (vu xuan va vu mua 2008) 67

Bang 3.32 Kit qua dao tao ctia duan 68

Bang 3.33 Tflng doanh thu cua du an trong 2 nam 69

MdDAU

Nhiing nam gan day, Viet Nam xuit khiu 3,5-6 trieu tin gao loai chit lugng thip va teimg binh, tit cac giflng lua cao san Trong khi dd Thai Lan nude xuat khau hang dau the gidi hang nam xuit 5-7 teifu tin gao chit lugng cao, teong dd gao tham chilm 25-30%, giong chu lyc la Khao dawkmali 105, RD15, Jasmine, Basmati , dfu cd thuang hifu tren thi trucmg qudc tl Gao xuat khau cua Viet Nam chua cd thuang hieu manh nfn chiing ta phai diu tu cho cflng tac nghien citu chgn tao giflng nhieu hom, cd tim chiin luge ban mdi cd the t?o dugc nhung san pham cd kha nang canh tranh Mat khac, nhu cau g^o thorn ngon cua ngudi tieu dimg teong nude ngay cang tang, gia gao tham truyen thflng nhu tam tham, tam xoan, du huong, nang tham chg dao cdn cao do cac giflng liia tham dia phucmg efl truyen ed thdi gian sinh truomg dai, nang suat thap, khflng phii hgp vdi dieu kien san xuit hien nay Chgn tao giflng liia cd chat lugng an uflng cao, cam tham deo, nang suat khd, thich iing vdi difu kien tham canh hifn tai la ddi hdi vfl cimg cap bach

Giflng Ilia tham Hucmg cflm dugc lai tao chgn Igc cflng phu, cd kieu cay tham canh nua lun, than map, de nhanh ggn, la day dirng, ban la to day xanh dam, la ddng to dai ciimg diing Liia huong cflm cd thdi gian sinh trudng trung binh cd thi xIp vao tea Ilia xuan trung, mua trung, bO re khde an sau, chdng dfl tflt, chiu lanh kha, nhifm benh khfl van, bac la nhe, nhifm dao dn trung binh Gao hucmg cflm tham nhe nhu miii cOm mdi, com deo dam, rat ngon nen cd thi xIp vao loai giflng lua tham chit lugng cao Tuy nhien, Huong cflm dugc chgn trong quin thi phan ly ciia tfl hgp lai xa dia ly vdi nhifu bfl

me tham gia nen qua trinh phan ly rit da dang, phiic tap va keo dai qua nhieu thi he, dp thuin ciia giflng giam nhanh, mui tham, chat lugng an uong cd the

bi giam theo nlu khflng cd qui temh duy tei phu hgp De xay dung co sd khoa hgc cho vifc duy tri tinh tham, cln phai nghien ciiu hoan thien cflng nghf san xult h£it giflng, thilt l?p quy teinh canh tac hgp ly Xac dmh cac bien phap ky

thuat san xuat, che bien, bao quan de duy tri fln dinh tinh thom ngon tao ra thucmg hieu gao thom Huang cflm gan lien vdi vimg san xuat hang hda phii hgp nham nang cao hieu qua kinh te cua sdn xuat lua- mOt ngdnh vfln cd hieu qua kinh te thap nhung lai chiem ty tegng cao nhat trong sdn xuat ndng nghifp

D I giai quyet van df nay, du an: "Hodn thi^n qui trinh cong nghe sdn xual hgl

gidng vd tham canh gidng lua Huang com tgi cdc llnh mien Bac" da dugc phe

duyft va triln khai tir thang 11 nam 2007 din thang 3 nam 2010

598 trifu tin nam 2001, 569 trifu tin nam 2003 va tang trd lai 618 trieu tin nam 2005, 643 teieu tin nam 2007 (FAOSTAT, 2006; FAO, Food, 2007) [5]; [6] Chau A ludn chiem im the ve san lugng lua gao the gidi, vdi 90% san lugng (546 teieu tan) nam 2004, chau Phi 3%, chau My 6%, chau Au va cac nude vimg Baltics 0,5% Cac nude d chau A san xuat lua gao nhieu nhat la: Tnmg Qudc, An Dfl, Indonesia Bangladesh, Vift Nam, Thai Lan, Myanmar

va Nhat Ban (FAO, Food, 2007) [6]

Theo du bao cila FAO, san Iugng luong thuc toan cau nam 2007-2008 se dat 2.100 trifu tin San lugng gao toan ciu nam 2008 cfing khdng vugt nhifu

so vdi nam 2007 (643 trieu tin) Mau dich gao thi gidi nam 2007 dat 30 teifu tin va du bao se cdn tang them d nam 2008 Gia gao xuit khau nam 2007 tang nhifu han so vdi cac nam trudc, FAO dy bao se cdn tang manh teong nam 2008 do su han chi vf ngufln cung (FAO, Food, 2007) [6]

Tuy tdng san lugng liia tang Ien dang kf, nhung do dan sd tang nhanh, nhit la d cac nude dang phat triln thufle chau A, chau Phi va My La Tinh nen luang thuc vin la vin de cip bach cin quan tam trude mat va lau dai San lugng Ilia vin tilp tuc gia tang kl tir nam 1961, nhimg vdi toe do khac nhau Miic do gia tang hang nam la 3% teong thap nien I960, 2,7% teong thap nien

1970, 3,1% teong nhiing nam 1980 va chi cdn 1,5% teong thap nien 1990

Trong thap nien I960, miic do gia tang san lugng la do ea nang suit va dien tich teflng Ilia deu tang Trong khi su gia tang san lugng vao nhirng nam 1980

la do nang suat liia nhd each mang xanh Nhu vay, mite gia tdng sdn lugng lua teong thap nifn 1990 xudng gin bing miic gia tang dan sd, chifu hudng nay

se gay ra mat can bang giira cung va cau (Trin Van Dat, 2005) [3]

Nhan dinh ve trifn vgng thuang mai gao cua the gidi trong 10 nam tdi, Bg Ndng nghiep My (USDA) nam 2004 du bag tflc do tang trudng mau dich cila mat hang gao se dat binh quan 2,4%/nam; khu -vuc nhap khau gao ehii yfu teong

10 nam tdi van la chau A, chau Phi, can sa mac Sahara, Trung Dflng va My La Tinh Tai chau A, Indonesia se la nude nhap khau gao Idn nhat teong 10 nam tdi, vdi lugng gao nhap khau hang nam se tang binh quan 7,3%; lugng gao nhap khiu hang nam cila Philippines se tang binh quan 3%; cac nude d Trung Dong nhu Iran, IrSc, A Rap Xeut nhap khiu tang 2,0-2,5%/nam Bfl Ndng nghiep My

du bao teong 10 nam tdi, cac nude xuat khau gao hang nam van la Thdi Lan, An

00 va Vift Nam Viet Nam dugc du bao hang nam se tang xuat khau len 3,7%, cao hom tflc do tang trudng xult khau gao cila Thai Lan (2,3%/nam)

Gia gao xult khiu trong nam 2005 tang so vdi eac nam te-ude do su ban chi ve ngufln cung Hien tai, nhu ciu tifu thy gao thom tang manh teen khap thi gidi, nhiing ngudi nflng dan chau A dang nfl lyc hit siic dl dap ling nhu clu tifu thu mgt sfl cac loai gao chit Iugng cao Thai Lan dang tim each tang nang suit loai gao nfli tiing Jasmine, trong khi dd An Dfl va Pakistan nhan dugc ngay cang nhilu don dat hang ddi vdi gao Basmati hat dai tit My, Trung Dflng va cgng dflng chau Au (Nguyln Htai Nghia, 2005) [4]

1.2 Tinh hinh san xuat va tieu thu lua g?o d Viet Nam

Viet Nam cd khi hau va dit dai tuong dOi thuan lgi cho nganh teflng liia Trong 4 thdp nien vira qua, difn tich, nang suit va san lugng liia cua Vift Nam tang kha nhanh Dien tich gieo teflng liia tang tir 4,805 teieu ha teong 1966-1970 len 7,447 trifu ha teong 2001-2005 Nang suit binh quan tir 1,87

tin/ha trong nhimg nam 1966-1970 Ifn 2,98 tin/ha trong 1986-1990, san lugng Ilia dat mirc binh quan 34,7 trieu tin trong giai doan 2001-2005 (FAOSTAT, 2006) [5]

Trong 40 nam qua, nganh trflng liia d Vift Nam hi anh hudng ciia chinh sach quan ly ndng nghifp va eua cugc Cach mang xanh Trudc nam 1975, Cach mang xanh xay ra d ca hai mien Nam va Bic Viet Nam, nhung do chiin teanh nen khflng phat huy diing miie Tir nam 1976 din 1986, nfn nong nghiep tfl chiic theo hf thdng tap the, dat dai do Nha nude quan ly nen sdn xuat Ilia teong giai doan nay bi tei tef Giai doan tir 1981 den 1987, Nhd nude ban hanh chinh sach mdi, bat dau cd che do khoan trong sdn xuit, nhung boat dOng teong hgp tac xa San xuat trong nude tang ban nhung van khdng dap ling nhu cau tieu dimg teong nude nen van phai nhap khau gao Giai doan tir

1988 vf sau, Nha nude da ap dung chinh sach dfli mdi thdng qua mgt loat cdc bien phap va Iam thay doi han bg mat san xuat nflng nghiep Nhd chinh sach dfli mdi, nam 1989 san lugng liia tang hon nam 1988 gan 2 teieu tan va Viet Nam da chuyin tir nude nhap khau Iiia gao sang xuat khau gao vdi lugng nam sau cao hon nam trudc (Tran Van Dat, 2001) [2]

Tir nam 2000-2005, mac dit difn tich dit ed thf trflng liia giam dan nhung nang suit liia ciia Viet Nam tang tir 4,24 tan/ha (ndm 2000) len 4,89 tin/ha (nam 2005) nen san lugng thdc tang tir 32,53 teieu tin nam 2000 len 35,79 tin nam 2005 Nam 2000 Viet Nam xuit khiu 3,6 trieu tin gao va dat

ky luc 5,2 trifu tin nam 2005, din nam 2009 ky luc xuit khiu da hi pha mdt lin nua do lugng gao xuit khiu tang Ien 6 trifu tin vdi kim ngach dat 2,7 ty USD (FAOSTAT, 2006) [5], Nien gian thdng ke 2009 [7]

Vao diu thap nien 1990, da s6 gao xuit khiu thugc loai chit lugng thap (15-25% tim) nfn gia gao xult khiu lufln thip Do gia Iila gao teong nude va thi gidi giam siit, Chinh Phil cd chii teiromg giam bdt khoang 200.000 ha dien tich dit teflng liia kem hieu qua sang san xuit cae sdn pham khde cd gia tri kinh

tl cao han nhu: cay an qua, nufli teflng thuy sdn, nufli bd Trong ke hoach phat

teiln nflng nghiep 2000-2005, Nha nude rit chii tegng phdt triln cac giflng liia

cd chat lugng cao de phuc vy xuat khau vd tieu diing trong nude

Nam 2004, da cd hem 100.000 tan gao thom dugc xult khiu, trong do 90% la gao Jasmine tap trung d vimg dflng bang sflng Cuu Long Gao thom xuat khiu cd mirc gia kha cao, phfl biln tir 280-340 USD/tin Tuy nhifn, theo daiih gia ciia Bui Chi Buu, 2000 [I], viec md rgng thi trucmg xuit khiu lua gao tham Viet Nam hifn dang gap nhieu khd khan do san lugng hang hda khOng ldn, khflng dap img yeu eau cung cap thudng xuyfn va lifn tyc cho khach hang Chat lugng gao thom Viet Nam chua fln dinh, ddc bift la mau sac hat khdng dflng dfu va miii tham khflng giii dugc lau

Theo Bg Nflng nghiep & PTNT, nam 2004 mirc xudt khau gao cila Viet Nam da dat cao nhat, trong dd gao therm cd ty If tang kha cao, gdp phan dua gia ban Ifn han 264 USD/tin (gao 5% tim) va 248 USD/tin (gao 25% tim) San xuit liia thom ted thanh each lam an mdi, tu duy mdi va dang keo gia tri Ilia hang hda cua Viet Nam gin horn vdi liia xuat khau cac nude teong khu vuc

va thi gidi (Trin Van Dat, 2005) [3]

CHUONG II

MUC TIEU, NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU

2.1 Muc tieu chung:

Phat trien giflng liia tham chit lugng cao nhdm da dang hda san phim gao d cac tinh mien Bdc hudng tdi xuit khiu

2.2 Muc tifu true tiep ciia Du- an:

- Hoan thifn cac cdng nghe chgn lge duy tri giflng tdc gia, giong sifu nguyfn chung, nguyfn chiing, xac nhan va qui trinh tham canh tang nang suit, duy tei chat lugmg giflng liia Huang cflm

- Xac dinh viing san xuat phii hgp dl giflng vita cd nang suit cao, -vira cd chat Iugng tflt, tefn ca sd dd phat teifn thanh gao hang hda chit Iugng cao

- Md rOng dien te'eh san xuat Huong cflm tiin tdi cdng nhdn la gidng Qufle gia

2.3 Noi dung cua Du- an

2.3.1 Mo ta cong nghe

2.3.1.1 Cong nghe chon Igc duy tri hat giong tdc gid (siiu nguyen chiing) 1) NhOng vdn de ton tai:

Huong cflm dugc chgn tir td hgp lai; HuangI25S/ MR365// TK9'illl

Maogfl////R93II cd nhieu im difm vf nang suat, chit lugng Tuy nhifn, day la giflng Ilia dugc lai tich luy nam ddng bfl me khac nhau, nfn gidng cdn xuat hien nhieu dang phan ly vf thdi gian sinh trudng, chieu cao, kich thudc Id, kifu bdng,

do trfl thoat, kich thudc, mau sac hat, rau diu hat, mill thom v.v Trong qua trinh san xuat phai chgn lge lien tyc de bd nhiing ca the khdng diing nguyfn ban vf kifu hinh Ngoai ra, gidng Huong com la mdt gidng liia cd mui thom, cho nfn viec chgn Igc duy tri cln phai tap trung vao danh gia tinh fln dinh miii thom nham giir dugc mui thom ciia giflng tdt hon qua cac the hf nhan giflng

2) Mo td cdc budc chon loc duy tri hat giong sieu nguyen chung

Chgn loc giflng tac gia dua theo "Quy teinh san xult giflng lila" lOTCN: 395-2006 cila Bg Nflng nghiep & PTNT Tuy nhifn, Huong cflm la giflng liia

thom chat lugng cao dugc chgn tir tfl hgp lai ed nhifu bo me nhu trfn da trinh bay, vi thi qua trinh phan ly keo dai pho phan ly rgng trfn nhifu tinh trang Khi chgn gidng gflc phai dat muc tieu vira duy tri dugc dfl thuin, vira duy tri dugc nang suat, chit lugng, miii tham Vi vay cin danh gia nhanh trong mfli cflng doan chgn Igc:

Vu 1- GO: Chon cd thi: Liy 5 kg hat giflng gdc Huang cdm, gieo ma thua,

cham sdc can than Chgn fl ruOng tflt, dien tich 2.500m^, lam dit, bdn phan day dli, khi ma du tufli thi nhfl cly, chia luflng rflng 1,5m, dudng cflng tac 30

cm, cay khoang each 20 cm x 20 cm, Icay ma/khdm, ndng dfu Khi Ilia de nhanh rO, chuin bi IOOO que tre dai Im, edm que danh diu ea the diin hinh diing nguyen ban (cd cimg mau Id, kieu de nhanh, siic sinh trudng ) Thudng xuyfn theo ddi eac tinh trang dac trung cua timg cay de loai bd din nhiing cay khdng phii hgp (sinh trudng kem, bi sau bfnh hai) Khi lua tro 30%, quan sat nit bd que d cac ca thf ttfl sdm hem vd muon hon ±1 ngay

De duy tei tinh tham phai kifm tea sdm mui thom tren la; Chuan bi dng nghifm cd mit, cdi sii va hoa chat KOH 1,7% Cit 3 la tefn moi cay dugc chgn nghien teong cdi sii, dd vao dng nghiem sau dd do tiep 10 ml dtmg dich KOH 1,7%, day nut, sau 10 phiit, md mit dng nghifm de ngui lin lugt, ca thf

cd mui thom gitr lai, khdng cd mui thom loai bd Trude khi thu hoach 1-2 ngay danh gia lln cufli, loai bd cay khflng tham, khdng dat yfu eau ve cac tinh trang khac Khi liia chin thu rifng ca the cdn que, deo the, danh sfl thii tu, dem vl phdng do dim, quan sat danh gia, loai bd ca thf khflng dat yfu cau Phai rieng ca thi dugc chgn, khi khfl, bdc mdi ca thf 50 hat, nghifn teong cdi sii, bd vao dng nghifm, dfl vao mfli flng 10 ml KOH 1,7% day niit teong 10 phiit, md lin lugt timg flng dl ngiii, flng nao khdng tham thi loai bd ca thf tuong ling Khoang 250-300 ca thi dugc chgn phoi khd, bao quan va gieo sang vu sau

Vu 2- Gl: Banh gid dong: Gieo rifng cac ca thi GO, cay thanh 5-10

hang mfli ddng, chilu dai hang bdng nhau, so hang cay hit ma, khflng de dat teflng cly tuin tu timg ddng tir 1 din hit dge theo bd rugng Khi liia de rg, di danh gia, cam que d cac ddng sinh trudng phat teiln ddng deu, khoe manh

sach sau berth, de tit 5 nhanh ted len, trong ddng khdng cd cay khac nguyen ban, cac ddng loai bd thi khong cam que Quan sat thudng xuyen di loai cay lan ca gidi, khdng loai cay phan ly ma riit bd que bd ca ddng cd cay phan ly, sinh trucmg kem, sau benh Khi lua tefl 30%, loai tifp cae ddng trd sdm ban, muon ban, khflng deu; la, bflng hat khac dang, bi sau benh

i

Hat giflng nguyfn chiing

i

Hat giflng xac nhan

Hinh 1: Sa do chon dong sieu nguyfn chung va nhan h?t gi6ng nguyfn

chung, xac nh|n liia thom Htromg com

Df duy tei tinh tham, kiem tra sdm miii thom tren la: Chuin hi ong nghiem

cd mit, cfli sir va hoa chit KOH 1,7% nhu d vy 1 Chgn ngau nhien 10 cay/1 ddng, lay mau 3 la tren mfli cay nghifn trong cfli sir, dd vao ong nghifm, rdt them 10 ml dung dich KOH 1,7% vao flng, day nut, sau 10-15 phut, md niit de ngili lln lugt, ddng nao cd ca 10 ca thf dfu thom la ddng da dn dinh vf tinh tham thi chgn; Ddng cd 1/10 ea thf khflng thom thi loai bd Khi lua ehin chgn lai lan nira, mdi can bg kifm dinh dong ruflng kiem tra, sau dd thu 10 cay mdu tai 2 diem ngau nhifn ctia eac ddng, thu mau xong thi gat ea ddng, tudt, phoi rifng, can va tinh nang suat sa bg, loai bd ddng ed nang suit thip Khi thdc khd, bdc mfli ddng 50 hat, ba lan nhac lai, nghifn ndt bd vao flng nghifm, rdt them vao moi flng 10 ml KOH 1,7% day nut trong 10 phut rfli md lin lugt timg dng

de ngiri, flng nao khflng thom thi loai bd ca ddng Cae ddng dugc chgn phoi khfl, bao quan sang vu sau

Vu3-G2 So sdnh ddng Gieo rieng ttmg ddng chgn d -vu 2, bfl tri cay tren d

ruOng ddng deu, moi ddng thanh 6 theo phuang phap tuan tu khflng lap lai, mfli fl cd dien tich it nhat 10 m^, each nhau 30 cm Trong qua trinh sinh

trudng phat triln, theo dm thudng xuyfn, chi nhfl bd cay lan co gidi, khflng

bfl cay khae dang, ma loai ca ddng ed cay khae dang va cd cdc tinh trang khdng phu hgp, sinh trudng kem, sau bfnh Khi liia trd, danh gid su dflng dfu cua cae ddng vl thdi gian ted, kiiu than, la, bdng, hat, rau v.v loai ddng

ed tinh trang khdng phit hgp Trudc thu hgae 1-2 ngay thu mau mdi ddng 10 cay tai 2 difm ngau nhien (nhd ca gflc) dl do dim teong phdng Sau dd thu hoach, phai rieng timg ddng, can va tinh toan sfl lifu, xac dinh ddng cd nang suit cao tuong duang nhau, cdc tinh teang theo doi trong qua trinh sinh teudng, phat teiln khdng khac nhau thi kifm tra lai rniii thom cila ddng nhu phuang phap teinh bay d vu 2 Khi xac dinh dugc tinh thom tuong tu nhau thi hfln hgp hat dl tao Ifl sifu nguyen chiing

2.3.1.2 Cong nghi nhdn nguyin chiing (vu thir 4)

- Hat giflng nguyfn chtlng phai nhan true tilp tir Id hat sifu nguyfn chiing hfln

ddng Rugng gieo ma cd difn tich bdng 1/5 difn tich niOng ciy, lugng hat giflng 30kg/ha, cly theo bang rOng I,5-2,0m Chuin bi ruOng cin than, bdn phan day du, cdn dfli, ciy I danh/khdm Thuc hien dung qui trinh nhan nguyfn chiing cua BO Nflng nghifp & PTNT, mdi can bd kilm dinh ddng rugng danh gia Khi liia chin liy mlu theo ddi chi tifu; chilu cao, cac ylu td cau thanh nang suat, nang suat Thu hoach, phoi rifng, can va tinh toan nang suat Lay mau 10 kg/Id dl xay xat danh gia chit lugng xay xat, chit lugng dinh duang, chat lugng cam, miii thom, ddng thdi giii mau din phdng kifm nghiem gidng cay tedng de danh gia chit lugng gieo teong Khi xac dinh chit lugng dat tieu chuin Vift Nam (TCVN 1776-2004) thi ddng bao, gin tem theo quy dinh va chuyen vao kho bao quan

2.3.1.3 Cong nghe sdn xudt hat xdc nhdn (vu thic 5)

Hat xac nhan phai nhan true tifp tit hat nguyfn chung Ky thuat san xuat hat xac nhan giong nhu san xuat hat nguyfn chung Sau khi kifm dinh dflng ragi^v* kilm nghiem dat tifu chuin Viet Nam (TCVN 1776-2004) thi ddng bao, gan tem theo quy dinh va chuyfn vao kho bdo quan

2.3.2 Nhftng van de du an can giai quyet ve cong nghe

1) Chgn loc, duy tri, nhdn giong sieu nguyen chiing, nguyen chiing, xdc nhdn

Huang cflm dugc chgn tir tfl hgp lai: HugngI25S/ MR365// TX93/// Maogfl////R9311 cd nhifu uu difm vl nang suit, chit lugng Tuy nhifn, day la giflng Ilia dugc lai tich luy nam ddng bfl me khac nhau, nfn giflng edn xuat hifn nhilu dang phdn ly vl thdi gian sinh teirdng, chilu cao, kich thudc la, kilu bdng, do ted thoat, kich thudc, mau sdc hat, rau dau hat, miii tham v.v Trong qua trinh san xult phai chgn loc lien tuc dl bd nhiing ca the khflng diing nguyen ban vf kieu hinh

Dfli vdi viec duy tei mui tham thi qua trinh chgn sieu nguyfn ehiing phai lam diing nhu tac gia da thue hifn khi chgn gidng mdi dd la chgn ca thf thom

la va thom ngi nhii nhu da mfl ta d so do chgn sieu nguyen chimg (hinh 1) Sau mfli lan nhan, do tac dgng cua cac ylu to ngoai canh: dit dai, phan bdn, thufle trir sau benh lam cho mill therm giam Vi vay vifc tiep tuc chgn lge nang cao do thuan ciia giflng, duy tei va san xuit hat gidng tdc gid, sieu nguyen chung, nguyen chtlng la vin df hit siic quan tegng

2) Hodn thien qui trinh sdn xudt hat giong

Chat lugng hat gidng cd vai ted quan trgng vd anh hudng rit Idn tdi ndng suat, chat lugmg va kha nang phat teifn cila giflng trong san xuit Viec xay dung qui temh san xuat hat giflng df cd dugc nhirng Id gidng dat tieu chuin, gia thanh chap nhan la rat can thift De dat dugc myc dieh tren can phai hoan thien cac qui teinh san xuat hat giflng sieu nguyfn chung, nguyen chung, xac nhan phu hgp vdi timg -vimg sinh thai thdng qua hoat dflng cua du an Gidng phuc vu qua trinh nhan duy tri va sdn xuat phai dat tifu chuan chat lugng Viet Nam (TCVN 1776-2004)

3) Nghien cuu hodn thien qui trinh thdm canh tdng ndng sudt

Huang com la giflng liia chat lugng cao, kieu cay tham canh; de nhanh ggn, chieu cay cao trung binh, la dung, day, xanh dam, bdng to, hat to dai, gao teong khflng bac bung Vifc xac dinh cac yeu tfl ky thuat tfli uu de gidng phat huy hit tiem nang cin phai dugc nghien ciiu cho timg difu kien khi hau, dit dai, mua vu Vi vay thi nghifm ky thuat phai bfl tei d nhifu nai, it nhit la

2 -vu dl thilt lap quy teinh, sau dd thii nghifm quy trinh thflng qua eac md hinh teinh difn, cufli cimg la bo sung, hodn thifn quy teinh Song song vdi cdc thi nghiem ky thuat tham canh tang nang suit cin tim hifu anh hudng cda ky thuat din chit lugng thuang trudng va an udng ciia gao, vin df nay khd phiic tap va khd giai quyit trgn ven trong 2 nam teifn khai du an

- Du an tifn hanh nghien curu cac bien phdp ky thuat nhu; Thdi vy gieo ciy, mat do, phan bdn (loai phan, lieu lugng, ky thuat bdn phan), phugng thirc Idm

ma, dat canh tac, tinh thich iing va chong chiu cua giflng nhdm khai thdc tifm nang nang suat cilng nhu chat lugng cua giflng

4) Xdy dung mo hinh trinh diin

Df md rgng dien tich gieo cly Huang cdm cho eac viing trong lua hang hda can xay dung cae md hinh trinh dien giflng va ky thuat canh tac nhdm gidi thifu, quang cao san pham cua du an Cac mfl hinh trinh difn se sir dyng giflng cap nguyen chung, xac nhan, miii therm dugc duy tri do tac gia chgn lge, dong thdi img dyng quy trinh canh tac phii hgp cho timg viing, timg vu se

cd tac dung lam mau cho ndng dan trong vimg lam theo Mfl hinh trinh difn gdp phan khang dinh uu thf cda gidng, hifu qua cua eua ede qui teinh ky thuat de cac dja phuang tham quan, hgc hdi va tifp can vdi gidng mdi Trong qua trinh thuc hifn du an se td chiic bao cao ket qua trifn khai va tifn tdi xm cdng nhan gidng qudc gia

233 Phuvng phap nghien cuu

Noi dung 1; Hodn thien 3 qui trinh: nhdn siiu nguyen chiing, nguyen chiing,

xdc nhan dat chdt lucmg theo tiiu chudn ngdnh

Nguyfn tic chung; Dua theo qui trinh nhan gidng liia cda Bg Nflng nghiep va PTNT: IOTCN-395-2006, phin bfl sung Id danh gid va duy hi chat lugng gao va miii thom cua com

I) Hoan thifn qui trinh cflng nghe nhan sifu nguyfn chiing:

Thi nshiem 1: Khdo nghiem tinh khde biit, tinh ddng nhdt vd tinh dn

dinh ciia giong:

- Vat lieu: Gidng Huong cflm va cac gidng ddi chiing cimg tra da dugc cflng

nhan chinh thiic hoac cflng nhan san xult thii nghifm

- Thdi gian tiin hanh: vu mua 2006 va vu mua 2007

- Don vi hgp tac thuc hien; Trung tam khao kilm nghiem giong, san phim cay teflng va phan bdn Qufle gia

- Phuang phap nghifn cuu; Theo quy pham khao nghifm DUS liia (lOTCN 2002)

558-Thi nshiem 2: Ddnh gid, chgn loc, so sdnh thi hi Go, G/: 558-Thi nghifm tap

teung danh gia, chgn Igc tinh therm va dg fln dinh cila chiing

- Vat lifu; Giflng lua tham Huemg cflm

- Thdi gian tifn hanh; Vu xuan va -vu miia 2008

- Dia difm thuc hien; Vifn Sinh hgc Ndng nghiep

- Phuang phap nghifn ciiu; Theo quy trinh san xuit gidng liia (lOTCN: 2006) cua Bg Nflng nghifp & PTNT Ddnh gia tinh thom va cho difm theo thang diim cda IRRI, 1996

395-Thi nshiem 3: So sdnh, nhdn sa bg tgi thi hi G2, tgo hat sieu nguyen chiing

Trfn ca sd chgn Igc ciia thi nghiem 2 cac ddng thu dugc tien hdnh so sach va nhan sa bfl tai thf hf G2 tao hat sieu nguyfn chiing

- Thdi gian tiin hanh; Vu xuan 2009

- Dia diim thuc hien; Vifn Sinh hgc Nflng nghiep-Trudng DH Nflng nghifp Ha Nfli

- Phuang phdp nghifn ciiu: Thi nghiem dugc bo tei theo khfli ngdu nhifn, ba lln nhac lai, difn tich 6 thi nghifm 10ml Cac chi tifu theo ddi theo Phuong phap thi nghifm dflng ruOng cua Pham Tri Thanh, 1986

Thi nshiem 4: Thi nghiem danh gia do fln dinh chit Iugng (mui thorm)

cua cac ddng SNC Huong com qua cac vu nhan nguyfn chiing, xac nhan

- V|t lifu: Cac ddng hSn hgp SNC Huang cflm va cdc ddi chiing la BT7 va HTl

- Thdi gian tiin hanh: vu xuan va -vu mua 2009

- Dia diim thuc hifn: Vien Sinh hgc Ndng nghiep-Trudng Dai hgc Nflng nghifp Ha Ngi

- Phuang phap nghifn ciiu: Thi nghiem dugc bfl tri theg khfli nglu nhifn ba lan nhac lai, difn tich fl thi nghifm 10ml Cac ehi tifu theo ddi theo Phuang phap thi nghifm dflng rugng cua Pham Tri Thanh, 1986 Danh gia tinh thom

va cho diim theo thang difm IRRI, 1996

2) Hoan thifn qui trinh cflng nghf nhan hat giong nguyfn ehiing vd xac nhan

Thi nshiem 5: Thi nghiem thdi vy san xult hat giflng nguyfn chiing va

xac nhan

- Vat lieu; Hat giflng sieu nguyfn chiing, nguyfn chiing giflng liia Huong cflm

- Thdi gian tiin hanh: Vu xuan va vu miia 2008

+ Vu xuan: Thdi vu 1; gieo vao ngay 15/12/2007

Thdi vu 2; gieo ngay 25/12/2007

Thdi vu 3: gieo ngay 5/1/2008

Thdi vy 4: gieo ngay 15/1/2008

Thdi vu 5; gieo ngay 25/1/2008

+ Vumua: Thai vu 1: gieo ngay 25/5/2008

Thdi vu 2; gieo ngay 5/6/2008

Thdi vu 3: gieo ngay 15/6/2008

Thdi vu 4; gieo ngay 25/6/2008

- E)ia diem thuc hien: Trung tam Thuc nghiem va Ddo tao nghe-Trudng DHNN FIN

- Phucmg phap nghien ciiu; Thi nghifm dugc bfl tri theo kifu thi nghifm san suat, cay 1 danh/khdm, moi thdi -vu bfl tri 500 m^ Cac chi tifu theo ddi theo Phucmg phap thi nghifm dflng ruOng cua Pham Tri Thanh, 1986

Thi nshiem 6: Thi nghifm anh hudng cila mat dd va phan bdn din sinh

trudng, phat triln va nang suit giflng liia tham Huang cdm

- VJt lieu; Hat giflng sieu nguyfn chung, nguyfn chtlng giflng liia Huong cdm

- Thdi gian tiin hanh: Vu xuan va vu miia 2008