Anh hudng ciia mat do va thdi diem bam nggn din sinh trudng phat trien, mure do nhiem sau benh hai, nang suit va hieu qua kinh tl tren gidng bdng lai VN35-KS vu mua 2009 tai Mudng Lit -
Trang 1BO CONG THUONG
C 6 N G TY CO PHAN B 6 N G M I £ N BAC
sAo cAo TONG icfr
^itdii
"XAY DI;NG MOT S 6 BIEN PHAP THAM CANH BONG CAO SAN vdi BAM
NGON SCJM 6 M I / O N G LAT - THANH H 6 A "
Thuc hien theo Hgp ddng sd 116.09 RD/HD-KHCN ky ngay 04
thing 03 nam 2009 giira Bg Cdng thuang va Cdng ty
Cd phan Bdng Mien Bic
Ca quan chu tri: Cong ty Co phan Bong Mien Bac Chu nhiem de tai: KS Vu Van Bo
Can bo chinh tham gia thi/c hien:
KS Pham Van Phu KTV Nguyen Thanh Tung
Ha Noi, thang 12 nam 2009
^M
Trang 2MUC LUC
Noi dung Trang
1 Mddau 1 1.1 Tinh cap thilt ciia de tai 1
1.2 Muc tieu nghien cuu ciia de tai 2
1.2.1 Muc tieu kmh t l - xa hdi 2
1.2.2 Muc tieu khoa hgc cdng nghe 2
1.3 Thdi gian va dia diem nghien ciiu 3
2 Tdng quan tai lieu 3
2.1 Mot sd nghien cuu ve lieu lugng phan bdn tren cay bdng 3
2.2 Mot sd nghien cuu ve mat do gieo trdng 4
r -y f
2.3 Mot sd nghien cihi ve bien phap bam nggn tia canh 6
2.4 Mot sd nghien ciiu ve sii dung thudc trir cd tren cay bdng 7
3 Vat lieu, ndi dung va phuang phip nghien ciiu 8
3.1 Vat lieu nghien ciiu 8
3.2 Ndi dung nghien ciiu 9
3.3 Phuong phap nghien ciiu 9
3.4 Cac chi tieu theo doi 16
3.5 Phuong phap canh tic trong cic thi nghiem 18
3.6 Phuong phap xu ly sd lieu 19
4 Ket qua va thao luan 19
4.1, Dac dilm thdi tiet khi hau ciia huyen Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoa nam 2009 19
4.2 Anh hudng ciia han bdn va thdi diem bam nggn den smh trudng phat
trien, miic do nhilm sau benh hai, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te tren
giong bong lai VN35 - KS vu mua 2009 tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hda 20
Trang 34.2.1 Anh hudng din sinh trudng phit trien 20
4.2.2 Anh hudng din miic do nhiem sau benh hai 23
4.2.3 Cac ylu td cau thanh nang suit, nang suit bdng hat va hieu qua k.tl 25
4.3 Anh hudng ciia mat do va thdi diem bam nggn din sinh trudng phat
trien, mure do nhiem sau benh hai, nang suit va hieu qua kinh tl tren
gidng bdng lai VN35-KS vu mua 2009 tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hda 28
4.3.1 Anh hudng din sinh trudng phat triln 28
4.3.2 Anh hudng den miic do nhiem sau benh hai 30
4.3.3 Cac yeu td cau thanh nang suit, nang suit bdng hat va hieu qui k.te 32
4.4 Hieu qua kinh te ciia md hinh bdn phan, sii dimg thudc trir cd va bam
Tai lieu tieng Viet 40
Tai lieu tiing Anh 41
Mot sd hinh anh ciia de tai 42
Phu luc 1 Quy trinh ky thuat 43
Phu luc 2 Chi phi dau tu cho 1 ha md hmh trdng day, bam nggn tren
gidng VN35-KS 46
Phu luc 3 Chi phi dau tu cho 1 ha md hinh bdn phan, sii dung thudc trii
cd va bim nggn tren gidng KN06-8 47
Phu luc 4 Chi phi diu tu cho 1 ha trong bdng dai tri 48
Trang 4THONG TIN CHUNG CUA DE TAI
1 Ten de tai: Xiy dung mot sd bien phap thim canh bong
cao sin vod bi'm ngon sdm a Mucng Lit - Thanh Hoa
2 Ma sd: 116.09 RD
3 Thdi gian thuc hien de tai: Tii thing 01/2009 den thing 12/2009
4 Co quan chu quan: Bg Cong thuang
Dia chi: 54 - Hai Ba Trung - Hoan Kiem - Ha Noi
Dien thoai: 042 2202222
5 Ho va ten chu nhiem de tai: Vu Vin Bg
Hgc ham, hgc vi, chuyen mdn: Ky su Ndng hgc
Chiic vu: Trudng phong Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe
Dien thoai: 0912.831066 E-mail: khcnorco(a)gmail.com
6 Co quan chu tri: Cdng ty Co phan Bdng Miln Bic
Dia chi: So' 6 Nguyln Cdng Trii - Hai Ba Trung - Hi Ndi
Diln thoai: 04.397221 Email: bongmienbac(5)gmail.com
7 Danh sach nhung ngudi thuc hien chinh
Stt Ho va ten Hoc ham, hoc vi chuyen mon
1- Vii Van Bg Ky su Nong hgc
2- Pham Van Phii Ky su Ndng hgc
3- Nguyln Thanh Tiing Ky thuat vien
Trang 58 Mot so ket qua cua de tai da dat dugc trong nam 2007 va 2008 d Mudng Lat Thanh Hoa
- Nghien ciru 6 mit do gieo ket hgp phun Pix 2
lin tren giong bong VNOl-2 va VN15 tai
Mucng Lit - Thanh Hoa da xac dinh dugc mat
do 6,0 van cay/ha (tuang ling vdi khoang each
gieo 60 x 27cm/cay) cho nang suit bdng hat va
hieu qui kinh te cao nhi't
- Ke't qui nghien ciiu 6 mat do gieo ke't hgp
bien phap tia canh due va bi'm nggn khi ciy
bdng viia khep tin dd'i vdi 2 gidng VNO 1-2 va
VNI5 da xac dinh dugc mat do 5,5 van ciy/ha
(tuong ling vdi khoing each gieo 70 x
26cm/ciy) cho nang suit bong hat va hieu qui
kinh te cao nhit
- Tren ci gidng VNO I-2 va VNI5, d mat do 7,0
van ciy/ha (khoing each gieo 50 x 27 cm/ciy)
ket hgp phun Pix 2 lan va tia canh due, bi'm
nggn khi ciy bong viia khep tin cho ning suit
bdng hat va hieu qui kinh te thi'p nhi't
- Phun PIX 2 lin vdi lugng 150 ml/ha vao thdi
diem 35 va 50 ngay tudi da cd tic dung han che
su phat trien chidu cao cay va chieu rgng tin,
rut ngin thdi gian sinh trudng ciia ca 2 gidng
VNO I-2 va VNI5 tit 5 - 10 ngay, giim miic do
nhilm riy xanh Phun PIX con co tic diing han
chd' benh dd'm chay li tren gidng VN15 nhung
khdng CO tic dung han che benh mdc suong
tren ca gidng VNOI-2 va VN15
- Nghien ciiu 3 thdi diem bi'm nggn sdm d Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoa da xac dinh dugc bi'm nggn khi ciy bong cd 6 canh qua ddi vdi gidng VN35-KS, 10 canh qui doi vdi gio'ng VNOI-2 va 8 canh qui ddi vdi gidng KN06-8 cho hieu qui kinh te cao nhi't
- Trong 2 miic phin bdn nghien ciiu da xic dinh dugc miic phin
200 kg Ure -i- 300 kg NPK/ha ke't hgp bi'm nggn khi ciy bdng cd 6 cinh qui cho hieu qui kinh te cao nhi't dd'i vdi gidng bdng VN35- KS; cdn tren gidng VNOl-2 va KN06-8, miic phin 250 kg Ure +
400 kg NPK/ha cho hiieu qui kinh
te cao nhi't vdi thdi diem bi'm nggn tuong ling la 10 va 8 canh qui
- Sii dung thud'c trir cd Bravo 480
SL phun trudc khii lam da't vi sau gieo 30 ngiy tren gidng bdng KN06-7 ket hgp bi'm nggn khi ciy bdng cd 8 canh qui cho nang suit bdng va hieu qui kinh te cao nhi't
Trang 69 Muc tieu cua de tai
Nhim hoan thien quy trinh ky thuit trdng bdng ning suit cao ke't hgp bi'm nggn sdm cho viing sin xui't
10 Noi dung cua de tai
- Nghien ciiu inh hudng ciia phin bdn va thdi didm bi'm nggn de'n sinh trudng
phat trien, miic do nhidm siu benh va ning suit cua gidng bdng lai VN35-KS tai Mudng
Lit - Thanh Hoa
- Nghien ciru anh hudng ciia mat do va thdi diem bi'm nggn den sinh trudng phat trien, miic do nhidm sau benh va ning suit ciia gidng bdng lai VN35-KS tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoa
- Danh gia hieu qui kinh te cua cac bien phip ky thuit trong thi nghiem va trong
md hinh trong day, bi'm nggn sdm tren gidng VN35-KS; md hinh bdn phin, trong day, sir dung thudc trii cd va bi'm nggn tren gidng KN06-8
11 Kinh phi thuc hien de tai
Dan vi tinh: trieu dong
70,8
70,8
0
Chi phi nghiep vu, chuyen mon
12,2
12,2
0
Mua sdm, siia chira
0
0
0
Cac khoan chi khac
17,0
17,0
0
Trang 7De tai nshien cuu khoa hoc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
BAO CAO KET QUA THlTC HIEN DE TAX
BAM NGON SOfM d MlTOfNG LAT - THANH HOA
Chii nhiem de tai: KS Vii Van Bo Cdn bo tham gia thuc hien: KS Pham
^ Van Pha & KTV Nguyen Thanh Timg
l M d D A U
1.1 Tinh cap thiet cua de tai
San xuat bdng d Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi da budc sang nam thii tu Mac du
dang phai ddi mat vdi nhiing khd khan, die biet li siic ep canh tranh ve hieu qui
kinh te giiia mot sd cay trdng cung thdi vu tai dia phuang, dien hinh li cay ngd lai
nhung cay bdng vai van dang dugc mot bd phan khdng nhd ndng dan tham gia
gieo trdng Chiing tdi tien hinh dieu tra cic hd ndng dan trdng bdng v i da xic dinh
dugc nhung co sd de cay bdng van ludn dugc ndng dan ling hg, dd la:
i, Cay bdng vai la cay trdng cung thdi vu duy nhat cd chinh sich dau tu va tieu thu sin pham dn dinh;
ii, Chi duy nhat ndng dan trdng bdng dugc tap huan v i hudng dan
ky thuat gieo trdng mot each cu the va cd cin bg ky thuat khuyen ndng ciia
Cdng ty true tiep hudng dan vdi muc tieu la de ndng dan trdng bdng nam bat
dugc nhiing bien phap ky thuat trdng bdng dat nang suit cao, nang cao hieu qui
trong khi nlu trong cay ngd lai se khdng cho thu hoach Ndng dan ciing da nam
dugc dilu nay sau mot vai nam trdng bdng Chinh vi vay, d cac vung trdng
bdng mien mii phia Bic, ndng dan da va dang hmh thanh mot thdi quen gan nhu
mot tap quan canh tic mdi dd la thay ddi dat trdng bdng: nhimg dien tich dit
kho, bac mau khdng trdng dugc ngd se chuyen sang trdng cay bdng vai
Trang 8De tai nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Dieu dd cho thay, cay bdng vii se ludn dugc ndng dan tham gia gieo trong neu Cdng ty thuc hien tdt cic chinh sich dau tu v i tieu thu sin phim, dong thdi day manh viec ip dung cac bien phap ky thuit thim canh bdng ning suit cao mot each hieu qui
Tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi, viec trien khai thuc hien mot sd bien phip
ky thuat tham canh bdng nang suit cao tir ket qui ciia de tii nam 2007 va 2008
da cho thay ket qua rat cd y nghia cho sin xuat bdng dai tri Hien nay, ben canh viec dua mot sd kit luan cua dl tai nam 2007 va 2008 ra ip dung cho sin xuit dudi dang md hinh, chiing tdi tilp tuc nghien cuu nhimg bien phip ky thuat tham canh bdng nang suat cao trong nam thir ba nham hoin thien quy trinh ky thuat tham canh bdng cao sin ip dung cho sin xuit bdng dai tri
Vi nhiing ly do tren, nam 2009, chiing tdi tilp tuc triln khai thuc hien dl tai Xay dung mot sd bien phip tham canh bdng cao sin vdi bam nggn sdm d Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi
1.2 Muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai
1.2.1 Muc tieu kinh te - xa hoi
- Nang cao hieu qui kinh t l ciia cay bdng bing viec dua cic bien phip ky thuat phu hgp, cho nang suat bdng hat cao v i chit lugng bdng xa tot vio sin xuit bdng, tung budc cii thien Igi thi canh tranh giira cay bdng vdi mot so cay trong khic tai dia phuong ve hieu qui kinh tl v i dien tich gieo trdng Gdp phan giai quylt hai hoi moi quan he ve Igi ich kmh t l giiia ndng din trdng bdng vdi doanh nghiep dau tu sin xuat bdng
- Tao them cdng an viec lim cho ndng dan trdng bdng thdng qua viec md rgng dien tich trong bdng, gdp phin dn dinh ddi song xa hdi ciia cic ling bin viing sau, viing xa
1.2.2 Muc tieu khoa hgc cong nghe
- Dinh gii anh hudng ciia bien phip ky thuat dugc ip dung trong de tii
Trang 9De tai nghien curu khoa hoc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
din kha nang sinh trudng phit trien, mirc do siu benh hai va cic ylu to cau
thanh nang suit ciia cay bdng
- Gdp phan hoan thien quy trinh ky thuat tham canh bdng cao sin phu
hgp vdi dieu kien dat dai v i tap quin canh tic ciia ndng din vung Mudng Lit
-Thanh Hoa
1.3 Thcri gian va dia diem nghien cuu
- Thdi gian: trong nam 2009
- Dia diem: tai 3 xa ciia huyen Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi li Tam Chung,
Quang Chieu va Mudng Chanh
2 TONG QUAN TAI LIEU
Viec trien khai nghien ciiu de tii Xay dung mot sd bien phip tham canh
bdng cao san vdi bam nggn sdm d Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi dugc dua tren ca
sd thuc tien sin xuat cay bdng vai ciia vung v i tren co sd khoa hgc li nhiing ket
qui nghien ciiu ve inh hudng ciia mot sd bien phip ky thuit den qui trinh sinh
trudng phat trien va kha nang cho nang suit ciia ciy bdng
Cho din nay, van de niy da dugc de cap khi nhieu trong nhiing nghien
ciiu ciia cac tic gia trong v i ngoai nude Trong dd ndi bat l i mot sd ket qui sau:
2.1 Mot so nghien cuu ve lieu luung phan bon tren cay bong
F f F r F r
Phan bdn cd inh hudng den ning suit va cic yeu td cau thinh nang suit
nhu sd qui/m^, khdi lugng qui, nhung khdng inh hudng den chat lugng xo
bdng [7] Khi lugng dam bdn tang thi chieu cao cay, sd cinh qui v i sd qua/ciy
ciing tang, lugng phan bdn cd hieu qui nhit trong dieu kien trdng bdng cd phu
mang polyethylene la 100kg N + 40kg P2O5 + 50kg KjO/ha [14]
Tai An Do, tren cic vung bdng cd tudi ngudi ta bdn dam vdi lugng hon
100kg N/ha, doi vdi bdng lai cd the bdn vdi lugng 320kg N/ha, ty le
Trang 10De tdi nghien cieu khoa hpc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
N:P205:K20 thudng la 2:1:1 hoac 3:1:1 [16] Khi tang lugng phan bdn thi so li,
sd hoa/cay, chieu cao cay va nang suit bdng hat deu ting, tuy nhien khi vugt qui lugng 135kg N + 45kg P2O5 + 45kg K20/ha thi nang suit bdng giim
Cic ket qua nghien ciiu ciia Vien Nghien ciiu v i Phit trien cay bdng trong nhiing nam qua da ket luan ty le phan N:P205:K20 cd the sii dung de bdn cho bdng thich hgp tren cic vung sinh thii li 2:1:1
Ci phia Bac, tu thuc tien sin xuit va trien khai mot sd de tii nghien ciiu ling dung ciing da cd nhan xet: Tuy theo dieu kien dat dai ciia tung vung de lira chgn miic phan bdn thich hgp trong khoing tir N -i- P2O5 + K2O = 100 kg + 50
kg + 50 kg/ha din N + P2O5 + K2O = 120 kg + 60 kg + 60 kg/ha v i bdn 2 - 3
lan/vu nham dat nang suit cao [1]
2.2 Mot so nghien cuu ve mat do gieo trong bong
Mat do la ylu to quan trgng inh hudng rit Idn den cic yeu td ciu thinh nang suat v i cac chi tieu sinh ly khic lien quan den nang suit Tuy theo dieu kien dat dai, khi hau v i dilu kien canh tic ciia vung, vdi mdi gidng mudn phat huy hit tilm nang nang suat thi can phii xic dinh dugc mat do toi thich Theo Ly Van Binh va Phan Dai Luc (1991), d Trung Quoc mudn ning cao ning suat bdng trudc hit phii quan tam din dien tich li, phii dieu chinh hoat ddng quang hgp d cay bdng lien quan din dieu kien ngoai cinh, De cd chi sd dien tich la toi uu, ngudi ta cd thi dung cic bien phip ky thuat nhu dilu chinh mat
do gieo trdng, phan bdn, chi do nude tudi [5]
Tren thi gidi, mat do gieo trdng cho bdng thay ddi rat Idn, phu thudc nhilu vao gidng, dilu kien sinh thii v i canh tic ciia moi vung Nghien ciiu tic ddng qua lai giiia gidng va mat do d Bet Dagan thudc ddng bing ven bien ciia Israel cho thiy, cac gidng bdng cd dang hinh ggn, chin sdm nhu Tamcot SP37 cho nang suit cao nhit d mat do 2,4 van cay/ha trong khi nhiing giong chin mugn nhu Acala SJ-2 cho nang suit cao d mat do 8,0 van cay/ha [17]
Trang 11De tai nghien cieu khoa hoc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Cac thi nghiem tiln hanh tren nin dat den d Bijapur-Kamataka, trong dieu kien nhd nude trdi ngudi ta nhin thiy, nang suat bdng hat khdng bi inh hudng bdi khoing cich hing Trdng bdng d mat do 1,8 van cay/ha cho nang suat bdng hat cao hon so vdi mat do 1,2 van cay/ha, nhung sai khic khdng cd y nghia d mat do 2,5 van cay/ha [12]
Gidng bdng DBS 119 trdng trong dieu kien cd tudi va trdng nhd nude trdi, nang suat bdng dat cao nhat vdi khoing cich 96,5 cm, day ciing li khoing cich hang thuan Igi cho cdng tic thu hoach [18]
Ket qua nghien ciiu ve mat do tai Texas ciia Landivar cho thay, khi tang mat do gieo trdng tii 3,7 den 5,5 cay/foot (tuong duong 12 den 18 ciy/lm) vdi khoang cich hang la 38 inch (tuong duong 0,965 m) thi ning suit bdng cd xu hudng giim Ong dua ra khuyen cio vl mat do gieo trdng cho vung niy la 30.000 din 60.000 cay/mau Anh (tuang duong 74.000 din 128.000 cay/ha) [15]
Theo Vii Cdng Hau, tai Viet Nam, doi vdi cic gidng bdng ludi chi nen gieo d mat do 4 van cay/ha d nhirng vung cd nhiet do cao va do am khdng khi cao thi khdng nen trdng qui day Gidng cd cinh qua dai mat do khdng dugc vugt qua 3 den 4 van cay/ha Ddi vdi cic gidng canh ngan cd the trdng tdi 5 - 7 van cay/ha [10] Theo Nguyen Khic Trung, rugng bdng trdng vdi mat do qui cao, cac cay mgc gin nhau qui, cinh li ken nhau se dan den thieu inh sing,
rugng bdng khdng thdng thoing, do do nan rung dii xiy ra nghiem trgng [6]
Tai viing Duyen hii Nam Trung Bg nude ta, mat do ciia gidng bdng lai VNOl-2 trong dilu kien khdng xii ly PIX cho nang suit cao nhit l i 7,5 van cay/ha [2]
r F \ f
Tai cac viing sin xuat bdng d phia Bac, mat do gieo trdng cGng rat khic nhau tuy theo dilu kien dit dai, khi hau, trinh do tham canh ciia ndng dan va gidng bdng Tuy nhien, hien nay van chua cd ket luan chinh xic ve mat do gieo trdng hgp ly cho moi vung sin xuat
Trang 12De tdi nghien curu khoa hoc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
2.3 Mot so nghien cihi ve bien phap bam ngon tia canh tren cay bong
Bam nggn (hay ngat nggn) la mot bien phap ky thuit rit quan trgng, do
nd anh hudng den tinh hinh sinh trudng v i nang suit ciia cay bdng Bam nggn qui sdm hay qui mugn deu gay ra hieu qui xau Vi neu bam nggn qui sdm, so lugng canh qua it va canh nich lai phit trien manh Cdn bim nggn mudn qui thi khdng cd tic dung tang nang suit m i sd canh qua vd hieu lai ting do nu hoa rung nhieu
Vien Khio ciiu Ndng Lim da tdng ket, nhiing noi bam nggn sdm, chi de lai tren cay 5 - 6 canh qua dan den nang suit khdng cao Nhiing noi bim nggn qui mugn, dl nhieu canh qui nen ciy khdng dii siic nudi, ddng thdi qui phia tren thudng bi rung cdn nhiing qui phia dudi nhd v i khd nd Tdm lai, bam nggn sdm qua hay mugn qua deu cd hai cho ning suit bdng [9]
Nhiing nghien ciiu ciia Hoing Diic Phuong cho thiy, nhd bim nggn tia canh ma ty le rung dii giim, nang suit ting hon ddi chiing khdng bim tu 5 -I2%[3] Cdn nghien ciiu ciia Khalifa, H v i ctv tai Viet Nam thu dugc kit qui ddi vdi cay bdng gidng MCU9, viec bam nggn vio giai doan 60 ngiy sau gieo
cd tic dung lam tang ning suat bdng trong c i vu mua v i vu khd d miic cd y nghia so sinh; tuy nhien viec bam nggn mugn (80 v i 100 ngiy sau gieo) da lam giam nang suit bdng so vdi ddi chiing khdng bam [13]
Kit qua nghien cim vl bim nggn tai Dong Nai nam 1995 v i 1996 cho thiy, viec bim nggn qua sau (dl lai tren cay 10 cinh qui) se lam giim nang suat
bdng so vdi ddi chiing khdng bim Cdn viec bim nggn qui mugn {dh lai tren
cay 15 canh qua) cd lim ting sd qui/m^ v i tang nang suit bdng so vdi ddi chiing ve mat sd tuyet ddi [4]
Kit qua nghien ciiu ciia Choi, B.H vl thdi ky ngit nggn cho ciy bdng giong CAMD-2-2 cho thiy, viec ngit nggn sdm qui (40 ngay sau gieo) se lim
Trang 13De tdi nghien cieu khoa hoc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
• • ' '
giam nang suat bdng Ngat nggn vio giai doan 60 ngay (tuong ling vdi 14 cinh
qua/cay) cd tic dung lam tang nang suit bdng 16,69% so vdi ddi chiing Trii
lai, viec ngat nggn mugn vao giai doan 70 ngiy sau gieo (tuong ling vdi 16
canh qua/cay) chi lim tang nang suit 8,36% so vdi khdng ngit [II]
Qua thuc tien sin xuat d cic viing trdng bdng phia Bac ciing da dua ra
khuyen cao chung la nen ip dung bam nggn cho nhiing rugng bdng sinh trudng
manh, day du mat do, trdng day, cd chieu cao cay tu 100 cm trd len hoac ciy
bdng cd tir 12 canh qui trd len v i hing bdng da khep tin
2.4 Mot so nghien cihi ve sir dung thuoc trir co tren cay bong
Mot sd ket qui nghien cuu ve thudc trir cd tren ciy bdng chii yeu dugc
thuc hien d phia Nam, tuy nhien ciing chua nhieu Ket qui nghien ciiu ciia Tran
Thanh Dung (2002) cho thay: Thudc trii cd thich hgp nhit li Ametrex 80WP
phun vdi lieu lugng 1,5- 2,0kg/ha trudc khi gieo bdng 7 - 1 0 ngiy cd hieu luc
phdng tru cd cao, cd uu diem la diet dugc mot sd cd nay mam cham nen cd hieu
luc keo dai den 60 ngay sau phun, v i trong hoan cinh dau tu thap chi can phun
1 lan trong vu, sau dd lam cd bd sung khi can thiet Ddi vdi bdng cd trdng xen
dau tuong, sau khi gieo ciy xen phun loai thudc tien mgc mim Ronstar 25 EC
1,5 llt/ha hoac Comman 4 EC 0,5 lit/ha cho hieu qua trii cd cao den cudi vu,
khdng can phii lam cd bd sung [8]
Trong mot vai nam gin day, Vien Nghien ciiu va Phit trien ciy bdng da
chgn tao va dua vao sin xuat mot sd gidng bdng lai khing thudc trii cd nhdm
Glyphosate nhu gidng VN02-2, KN06-8
Ci phia Bac, viec su dung thudc tru cd trong trdng cay bdng vii ciing
budc dau dugc nong dan thuc hien nhung cdn mang tinh tu phit, chua cd nhiing
nghien ciiu thii nghiem ciing nhu khuyen cao day dii ve van de niy
r r y
Nhu vay, cac ket qui nghien ciiu tren day rat rd ring va khi day dii Viec
Trang 14De tdi nghien cieu khoa hoc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
tie dong cac bien phip ky thuit tren cay bdng da cd nhung inh hudng nhilu den dac dilm sinh vat hgc v i thuc vat hgc ciia cay bdng, die biet li khi ning cho nang suit Tuy nhien, miic do inh hudng ciing rit khic nhau d moi vung sinh thii va tap quin canh tic ciia ndng din
Ngay nay, vdi nhiing biln ddi phiic tap ciia thdi tilt khi hiu v i sir canh tranh ve gii ca ndng sin, ciy bdng vii dang la ddi tugng chiu sir inh hudng
y r y
nhieu nhat va ciing la mot trong nhung ciy trdng dang giinh dugc nhiing chinh sich uu tien nhat ciia N h i nude ta Do vay, cung vdi viec thuc hien nhiing chinh sich cho day manh sin xuat, gdp phan cung cap nguyen lieu cho nginh Det -
May trong nude, viec trien khai nghien cihi de dua ra nhung bien phip ky thuit mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao cho ndng din trdng bdng tai phia Bic li vin de rat can thiet
3 VAT LIEU, NOI DUNG VA PHlTonVG P H A P NGHIEN CtTU
3.1 Vat lieu nghien cuu
- Ddi tugng nghien ciiu: De tii chgn 2 gidng bdng VN35-KS vi KN06-8 Day la 2 giong bdng lai mdi dugc chgn tao ciia Vien nghien cim Bdng v i phit triln Ndng nghiep Nha Ho v i dang dugc trdng thii nghiem tren dien rgng de tien tdi cdng nhan gidng qudc gia Hai gidng bdng nay dugc coi li cd nhiing die
diem cd the dip iing dugc yeu ciu ciia mot sd vung trdng bdng phia Bic
- Vat lieu nghien ciiu:
+ Thudc trii cd Bravo 480 SL: day l i loai thudc trir cd hiu niy mim (phun khi tren dit cd cay cd) Thudc do Cdng ty Cd phin vat tu bao ve thuc vat 1 Trung uong cung ung v i dang dugc sii dung khi rgng rai ngoai sin xuat
+ Thudc trir benh Anvil 5 SC: thudc cd tic dung trong phdng trir
benh do nam gay hai Thudc niy dang dugc khuyen cio sii dung tren ciy bdng trong phdng trir benh ddm chiy la v i mdc suong
Trang 15De tdi nghien curu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
+ Thudc Actara 25 WG: day li loai thudc viia cd tic ddng tilp xiic viia cd tic dong noi hip Thudc dang dugc khuyin cio dl trir rep, riy xanh tren
cay bdng vii tai cac vung trdng bdng d phia Bic
+ Phan dam ure: sii dung loai phan dam cd 46%N dh bdn thiic cho
cay bdng
+ Phan NPK Lam thao: dung phan NPK cd ty le 5%N: 10%P205:3%K20 ciia Lam thao de bdn thiic
3.2 Noi dung nghien cuu
- Nghien ciiu inh hudng ciia phin bdn va thdi diem bim nggn din sinh
trudng phit trien, miic do nhiem sau benh v i nang suit ciia gidng bdng lai
VN35-KS tai Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi
- Nghien ciiu anh hudng ciia mat do vi thdi diem bam nggn den sinh trudng
phat trien, miic do nhiem siu benh vi nang suit ciia gidng bdng lai VN35-KS tai
Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi
- Danh gii hieu qui kinh te ciia cac bien phip ky thuat trong thi nghiem va
trong md hinh trdng diy, bam nggn sdm tren gidng VN35-KS; md hinh bdn
^ r f r
phan, trdng diy, sii dung thudc trii cd v i bim nggn tren gidng KN06-8
3.3 Phuong phap nghien ciru
t y r
De thuc hien cic ndi dung nghien ciiu tren day, de tii sii dung mot sd
phuong phap nghien ciiu thdng dung sau day:
- Phuong phip ke thua: Dura vio cic ket qui nghien ciiu trudc day de
dua ra mot sd dinh miic ky thuat trong thi nghiem nhu miic phin bdn, loai thudc
trii cd, thdi diem bam nggn,
- Phuong phap dieu tra thdng ke
- Phuong phap phan tich dinh gii bing va do thi
Trang 16De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
- Phuong phap thi nghiem ddng rugng: Cic cdng thiic thi nghiem dugc
bd tri theo kilu khdi ngau nhien day dii (RCBD), 3 lan nhac lai, dien tich mdi lan nhac 100m Gdm 2 thi nghiem va 2 md hinh:
3.3.1 Nghien cuu dnh huang ciia phdn bon vd thai diem bdm ngon den sinh truang phdt trien, miec do nhiem sdu benh vd ndng sudt cua giong bong lai VN35-
KS tai Muang Lat - Thanh Hod
* Bd tri thi nghiem:
- Thi nghiem gieo ngiy 10 thing 6
- Mat do khoing cich gieo: Gieo vdi mat do 5,0 van ciy/ha tuong iing vdi khoing each 80 x 25cm/hdc/cay
- Thi nghiem dugc bd tri ddng thdi 2 bien phip ky thuit li cac miic phan bdn va thdi dilm bam nggn khic nhau, trong do miic phin bdn l i ylu td chinh
Bd tri theo kilu khdi diy dii ngiu nhien, 3 lin nhic lai, dien tich lOOmVd Dien tich toan thi nghiem 3.600 mVdilm
- Cic miic phan bdn:
+ Ti: bam nggn khi cay bdng cd 8 canh qui
+ T2: bim nggn khi ciy bdng cd 10 canh qui
- Cac cong thiic thi nghiem dugc tdng hgp nhu sau:
Trang 17De tdi nghien curu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
* Bd tri thi nghiem:
- Thi nghiem gieo ngiy 7 thing 6
- Nin phan bdn: 107N:30P205:9K20 tuong iing vdi lugng phin 300 kg NPK Lam Thao 5-10-3 v i 200 kg dam ure/ha
- Thi nghiem dugc bd tri ddng thdi 2 bien phip ky thuat li cic miic mat
do v i thdi dilm bam nggn khic nhau, trong dd mat do li ylu td chinh Bd tri theo kilu khdi diy dii ngiu nhien, 3 lan nhic lai, dien tich lOOmVd Dien tich toan thi nghiem 3.000 mVdiem
- Cic mat do gieo:
+ Mo(d/c): 4,2 van ciy/ha (80 x 30 cm/cay) + M,: 5,0 van ciy/ha (80 x 25cm/ciy) + M2: 5,7 van ciy/ha (70 x 25cm/cay) + M3: 6,2 van cay/ha (80 x 20cni/cay)
- Thdi ky bam nggn:
+ Ti: bam nggn khi ciy bdng cd 8 cinh qui
Trang 18De tdi nghien ciiru khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
F
+ T2: bam nggn khi ciy bdng cd 10 cinh qui
- Cac cdng thiic thi nghiem dugc tdng hgp nhu sau:
+ Dia diem trien khai: Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi
+ Dien tich: 1,0 ha/md hinh
+ Md hinh cd ap dung mot sd bien phip ky thuat da dugc de xuat ciia de tai nam trudc
- Quy trinh ky thuat thuc hien md hmh:
F F
* Chgn dat va lim dat:
- Dit ddi cd do ddc dudi 10°, thoit nude tdt, tang canh tic day tren 30cm, miu nau xam
- Phat va ddt sach tin du cay trdng vu trudc vio thing 3/2009 Phun thudc trii cd Bravo 480 SL vdi lugng 2,0 lit thudc/ha trudc khi lim dat 10 ngiy Sau khi cd chit tiln hanh xdi xio dit cho toi, va sach tan du cay cd dl timg ddng roi dot
* Thdi vu gieo: gieo ngay 4/6
* Thdi dilm gieo: Khi dit dugc lam sach cd, tai xdp v i chieu sau do im dat dat tii 40 cm trd len
Trang 19De tdi nghien ciru khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
* Mat do, khoang cich gieo: 6,0 van ciy/ha tuong iing khoing cich gieo 70x24 cm/cay
* Lugng hat gidng: 6,5 kg/ha
* Cich gieo: Gieo theo hing Dung cudc bd hdc sau khoang 6 - 7 cm, thi phan bdn Idt xudng hd, diing chin gat mot lap dat viia dii lap kin phin sau dd
y F F
gieo hat bdng rdi lip mot lap dat mdng (2-3 cm) cho kin hat bdng
* Cham sdc:
- Dam, tia dinh cay:
+ Sau gieo 7 - 1 0 ngiy kiem tra rugng md hinh, hdc nio khdng mgc phii dam bang hat ngay khi dit cdn im de dim bio mat do ciy
+ Khi cay bdng cd 4 li that (khoing 25 - 30 ngiy sau gieo) tiln hinh kiem tra, hdc nio cd 2 cay thi nhd bd, chi de mdi hdc 1 ciy
- Lam cd, xdi xio :
-I- Lan 1: sau gieo 25 - 30 ngiy Tiln hinh lim cd, xdi xio ket hgp bdn
^ F
phan thiic lan 1 va vun gdc
+ Lan 2: sau gieo 40 - 45 ngiy Lam cd, xdi xio ket hgp bdn phin thiic lan 2 v i vun gdc
+ Lin 3: Lim cd bd sung kit hgp bdn phin thiic bd sung dl dim bio
rugng bdng sach cd va tdt deu
- Bdn phan: Lugng phan bdn theo dinh miic 107N:30P205:9K20 tuong iing vdi lugng phan 300 kg NPK Lam Thao 5-10-3 v i 200 kg dam ure/ha Bdn lim
3 dot:
-K Dgt 1: bdn lot trudc khi gieo hat 100% phan NPK
-I- Dot 2: sau gieo 25 - 30 ngay, bdn thiic 40% lugng phan dam
Trang 20De tdi nghien curu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
+ Dot 3: sau gieo 40 - 45 ngay, bdn thiic lugng phin dam cdn lai
- Bim nggn: Khi cay bdng dat 6 - 8 cinh qui tiln hinh bim nggn thin chinh
* Phdng trii sau benh:
- Riy xanh: Giai doan 60 - 70 ngiy tudi, nlu riy xanh xuat hien v i giy hai
^ >
d cap 2 thi phun trir bing thudc Actara 25 WG, lilu lugng phun gap 1,5 lan lieu
F
lugng khuyen cio
- Benh ddm chiy li: Phun phdng bing thudc Anvil 5 SC vio giai doan cay bong dat 70 - 80 ngay hidi
* Thu hoach: qui bdng nd din dau thu hoach ngay din dd, khdng dl bi mua lim thdi qui, bdng bi ving v i inh hudng din chit lugng xa
3.3.4 Mo hinh bon phdn, trdng ddy, sie dung thuoc trie co vd bdm ngon tren gidng KN06-8
- Ndi dung:
+ Dia dilm triln khai: Mudng Lit - Thanh Hoi
-I- Dien tich: 1,0 ha/md hinh
+ Md hinh cd ip dimg mot sd bien phip ky thuat da dugc dl xuit ciia dl tii nam trudc
- Quy trmh ky thuit thuc hien md hinh:
* Chgn dit va lam dit:
- Dat ddi cd do ddc dudi 10°, thoit nude tdt, tang canh tic diy tren 30cm, mau nau xim
- Phit va ddt sach tan du cay trdng vu trudc vio thing 3/2009 Phun thudc tru cd Bravo 480 SL vdi lugng 2,0 lit thudc/ha trudc khi lim dit 10 ngiy Sau
Trang 21De tdi nghien cuu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
khi cd chet tien hanh xdi xio dat cho tai, va sach tin du ciy cd de timg ddng
> F
rdi dot
* Thdi vu gieo: gieo ngay 5/6
* Thdi diem gieo: Khi dit dugc lim sach cd, toi xdp v i chieu siu do im dat dat tir 40 cm trd len
* Mat do, khoing cich gieo: 6,0 van ciy/ha tuong iing khoing cich gieo 70x24 cm/cay
* Lugng hat gidng: 6,5 kg/ha
* Cich gieo: Gieo theo hing Dung cudc bd hdc sau khoing 6 - 7 cm, thi
phan bdn lot xudng hd, diing chin gat mot Idp dit vua dii lap kin phin sau dd gieo hat bdng rdi lip mot lap dit mdng (2-3 cm) cho kin hat bdng
* Cham sdc:
- Dam, tia dinh cay:
+ Sau gieo 7 - 1 0 ngiy kilm tra rugng md hinh, hdc nao khdng mgc phii dam bing hat ngay khi dat cdn am de dim bio mat do ciy
+ Khi cay bdng cd 4 li that (khoing 25 - 30 ngiy sau gieo) tiln hinh kilm tra, hdc nao cd 2 ciy thi nhd bd, chi dl mdi hdc 1 ciy
- Phun thudc trii cd, xdi xio :
-I- Lan 1: sau gieo 20 - 25 ngiy Tiln hanh phun thudc trir cd Bravo 480
SL, lugng phun 2,0 lit thudc/ha Phun udt diu cd trong rugng bdng Sau 7 - 10 ngay cd chit hit thi tiln hinh xdi xio kit hgp bdn phan thiic lin 1 v i vun gdc
+ Lan 2: sau gieo 5 0 - 5 5 ngay Tiln hanh phun thudc trir cd Bravo 480
SL, lugng phun 2,0 lit thudc/ha Phun udt diu cd trong rugng bdng Sau 7 - 10 ngay cd chit hit thi tiln hinh xdi xao v i vun gdc
Trang 22De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
- Bdn phan: Lugng phan bdn theo dinh miic 117N:50P205:15K2O tuong img vdi
lugng phan 500 kg NPK Lam Thao 5-10-3 v i 200 kg dam ure/ha Bdn lim 3 dot:
+ Dgt 1: bdn lot trudc khi gieo hat 100% phin NPK
+ Dgt 2: sau gieo 3 0 - 3 5 ngay, bdn thiic 30% lugng phan dam
+ Dgt 3: sau gieo 50 - 55 ngay, bdn thiic lugng phan dam cdn lai
- Bam nggn: Khi cay bdng dat 6 - 8 canh qui tiln hinh bam nggn than chinh
* Phdng tru sau benh:
- Riy xanh: Giai doan 60 - 70 ngiy tudi, nlu ray xanh xuit hien v i giy hai
d cip 2 thi phun trii bing thudc Actara 25 WG, lilu lugng phun gip 1,5 lin lilu
lugng khuyin cio
- Benh ddm chiy li: Phun phdng bing thudc Anvil 5 SC vio giai doan ciy
bdng dat 70 - 80 ngay hidi
* Thu hoach: qua bdng nd din dau thu hoach ngay din dd, khdng dh bi mua
lam thdi qui, bdng bi ving v i inh hudng din chit lugng xa
3.4 Cac chi tieu theo doi
- Cac chi tieu v l sinh trudng, hinh thii, nang suat dugc quan trie theo
phuang phip thdng dung theo quy dinh cua nginh bdng
^ F
- Thdi gian sinh trudng qua cic giai doan (ngiy) : sd ngiy tir khi gieo den
50% cd sd cay nd qua (Tl) v i tan thu (T2)
- Chilu rgng tan (cm): Do khi cd 50% qui nd v i hen cap cinh qui dii nhit
- Cic chi tieu sd canh qui, cinh due, cinh vugt, sd qui: mdi d tiln hinh
theo doi tren 20 cay cd dinh d 2 hing giira mdi d thi nghiem Dim sd qui vao
giai doan 50% s6 cay cd qui diu tien nd
- Danh gii miic do sau benh hai:
Trang 23De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
+ Ray xanh (Amrasca devastans): dinh gii vio giai doan ciy bdng
dat 60 ngay tudi Chi tieu dinh gii gdm mat do con/100 li v i cip hai Dinh gii cap ray hai theo tieu chuin ciia nginh bdng nhu sau:
• Cap 0: Ciy (li) khdng bi hai
r t
• Cip 1: L i chdm cong v i cd bieu hien bi hai
• Cip 2: 1/3 sd li tren ciy bi cong v i cd bieu hien ving
• Cap 3: 2/3 sd li tren ciy bi cong v i chuyen miu ving
• Cap 4: Toin bg li bi cong, ving v i chdm chiy
• Cap 5: L i bi cong nhieu v i chuyen miu ving dd
+Benh ddm chiy li {Macrosporium sp.) v i thdi qui (Fusarium sp.):
danh gii vio giai doan ciy bdng dat 90 ngiy tudi Chi tieu dinh gii gdm ty le benh (TLB) v i chi sd benh (CSB) Dinh gii cap benh v i tinh ty le benh, chi sd benh theo tieu chuin ciia nginh bdng nhu sau:
* Cip benh:
• Cap 0: Cay khdng bi benh
• Cip 1: 1-5% dien tich li bi benh
• Cap 2: >5-15% dien tich li bi benh, hoac <5% dien tich li bi benh v i 5% sd qui thdi do benh
• Cap 3: >15-30% dien tich li bi benh, hoac 5-15% dien tich l i bi benh va 10% sd qui thdi do benh
• Cap 4: >30-50% dien tich l i bi benh, hoac 15 -30% dien tich li
bi benh v i 15% sd qui thdi do benh
• Cap 5: >50% dien tich l i bi benh, hoac 30-50% dien tich li bi benh va 20% sd qui thdi do benh
Trang 24De tdi nghien cuu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
* Tinh ty le benh v i chi sd benh (%):
TLB{%) = 4x100 (%) ; C55(%) = 2 = L ^ ^ i QQ (%)
B B.K
Trong do: A - Tdng sd miu bi benh
B - Tdng sd miu dieu tra
^ /^ F
a - So cay bi benh d mdi cip
n - Tri sd cip benh tuong iing vdi sd cay a
' F
L - Tong so
K - Tri sd dai dien cip benh cao nhat
+ Benh xanh lun: dinh gii vio giai doan 60 ngiy sau gieo Chi tieu dinh gii la ty le cay bi benh Theo ddi, dinh gii tren toin bg sd cay ciia d thi
nghiem
F F F 'y
- Mat do cay cudi vu : dem sd ciy/m vio giai doan trudc khi thu
hoach lin thii nhit
- Khdi lugng qui: mdi d thu 50 qui dai dien de xic dinh khdi lugng qui
- Nang suat thuc thu: tdng lugng bdng hat thu dugc sau mdi lin thu
hoach, phai khd va can xic dinh nang suit d rdi quy ra nang suit bdng hat tren
1 hecta
- Hieu qui kinh te ciia cic cdng thiic thi nghiem: tinh toin tdng chi phi
diu tu ciia mdi cdng thiic thi nghiem v i md hinh Bao gdm chi phi vat tu, cdng
lao ddng, chi phi phit sinh khic; tdng thu tu mdi d thi nghiem v i md hinh sau
dd xic dinh hieu qui kinh te
3.5 Phuong phap canh tac trong cac thi nghiem
F F r ^
- Cic thi nghiem dugc bd tri tren dit dai dien cho viing sin xuat vi trong dieu
kien phu thudc nude trdi hoin toin Dit cd dia hinh hoi ddc, cd miu niu den, thit
pha cit, di, sdi, thanh phan co gidi trung bmh - nhe, tang canh tic tir 30 - 40 cm
- Dit sau khi lim sach cd tien hanh xdi xio nhe, trdi mua du im tien hinh
gieo hat
Trang 25De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
- Bdn Idt toan bd phan NPK Lim thao Bdn thiic bing phin dam ure vio giai doan 30 - 45 ngiy tudi (30% lugng dam) v i 60 ngiy tudi (70% lugng dam cdn lai)
3.6 Phuong phap xu ly so lieu
sd lieu thi nghiem thu thap dugc tinh toin v i xii ly thdng ke tren miy tinh vdi phin mim chuyen dung MSTATC v i chuong trinh Microsoft Exel 5.0
4.1 Dac diem thdi tiet khi hau cua huyen Mudng Lat - Thanh Hoa nam 2009
So vdi nam 2008, nam 2009 l i nam thdi tilt cd nhilu thuan Igi vl mua
Mudng Lit Thanh H o i
So ngay mua Nhiet do trung (ngay)
Do am tuong doi trung binh
(%)
82,2 84,1 84,1 84,8 84,3 82,7 81,9 78,5
Nguon: Tram thuy vdn huy$n Muang Lat - Thanh Hod
F r
So lieu bing 2 cho thiy:
- Lugng mua: So vdi dien bien mua ciia cic nam trudc thi nim 2009 d Mudng Lit lugng mua trung binh cic thing cd sir bien ddng khdng Idn Diu mua mua (thing 5, 6) lugng mua trung binh dat 102,2 - 99,6 mm, mua khdng Idn vi viia dii do im trong dat nen thdi diem gieo trdng khi thuin Igi Thing 8 lugng mua
Trang 26De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
chi dat 89,8 mm thip han nhilu so vdi cic nam trudc, nhung cao han nim 2008 Day la giai doan ciy bdng dang ra hoa nen da lim cho ty le diu qui thap Cac thing 9, 10 va 11, lugng mua tren 100 mm vua dii lugng nude cho cay bdng sinh trudng, phit triln v i nd qui it bi thdi
- Nhiet do: Nin nhiet do trung binh cic thing deu khi cao vi it cd sir biln dong so vdi cic nam trudc
- Do im: am do khdng khi trong cic thing miia mua khi cao, tuy nhien d thing 10 v i 11, do am khdng khi bit diu giim vi khd hanh nen khdng anh hudng
_ S F
nhieu den giai doan nd qui ciia ciy bdng
Tdm lai, thdi tilt nim 2009 d Mudng Lit thuin Igi cho giai doan gieo trdng
v i cho ci giai doan hoa qui, thu hoach bdng trong cic thi nghiem vi md hinh Cic chi tieu theo ddi trong thi nghiem v i md hinh cd do tin cay cao
4.2 Anh hudng cua phan bon va thoi dilm bam ngon den sinh truoTig phat trien, mure do nhiem sau benh hai, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te tren giong bong lai VN35-KS vu mua 2009 tai Mucmg Lat - Thanh Hoa
4.2.1 Anh hu&ng den sinh tru&ng phdt triin
Bing 2: Anh hudng ciia phan bon vi thdi diem bam ngon din sinh trudng phat rien ciia gidnj
7.55 3,26
TGST tu gieo den tan thu (ngay) 156,4 157,3 159,7 167,6 169,7 158,2 157,9 162,3 168,1 168,3
5,27 4.75
So canh due (canh) 2,7 3,1 2,4 3,3 3,1 2,9 2,6 3,3 2,9 3,6
-
vu mua 2009
So canh vugrt (canh)
2,1 2,3 2,3 3,7 3,9 2,4 1,9 1,7 3,3 3,6
3.76 1.05
Chieu dai canh qua dai nhat (cm)
43,6 45,2 46,4 49,9 48,1 34,2 30,9 36,5 37,4 35,8
6.43 1.64
Trang 27De tdi nghien ciiru khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Thdi gian smh trudng v i chieu cao ciy li hai chi tieu die tnmg cho khi nang sinh trudng ciia cay bdng Do trong dilu kien thi nghiem bam nggn nen chiing tdi khdng theo ddi chi tieu chieu cao ciy m i chiing tdi chi theo ddi chi tieu thdi gian sinh trudng qua cic giai doan, sd cinh vugt v i chieu dii cinh qui dai nhat ciia cay bdng khi bim nggn de lim co sd cho viec xic dinh thdi diem
- Thdi gian sinh trudng tii gieo den 50% sd ciy cd qui diu tien d cinh
qui thii nhat nd ciia cic cdng thiic giao ddng tir 97,3 - 102,4 ngiy Thdi gian niy chenh lech khdng nhilu giura cic cdng thiic, chiing td trong dieu kien thim canh bam nggn sdm, gidng bdng VN35-KS nd qui khi tip trung
- Thdi gian sinh trudng tii gieo din tin thu giua cic cdng thiic da cd su chenh lech ding k l (hinh 1) Thdi gian niy giao ddng tii 156,4 - 178,1 ngiy Cd thi thiy ro sir tic ddng ddng thdi lugng phin bdn va thdi dilm bim nggn khic nhau da anh hudng ding k l din thdi gian sinh trudng ciia giong bdng VN35-KS
sd lieu bing 2 v i hmh 1 ciing cho thay thdi gian sinh trudng tir gieo din tin thu ngin nhat d cic cdng thiic PQTI (156,4 ngiy) v i P0T2 (158,2 ngiy), dii nhit li d cic cdng thiic P3T1 (177,6 ngiy), P4T, (177,7 ngiy) vi P3T2 (178,1 ngiy)
- Do die dilm sinh hudng ciia ciy bdng, cic mam nich tren thin chinh nlu trong dilu kien nggn thin chinh bi ngit sdm chiing se phit triln thinh nhung canh vugt Diy li nhiing cinh khdng cd Igi bdi chiing tieu hao dinh dudng ciia cay ma khdng cd hoac rit it qui Diy la mot hien tugng rit ding quan tam khi ip dimg bien phip bim nggn sdm cho cay bdng Theo ddi chi tieu nay cho thay, trong dieu kien tham canh bim nggn sdm, gidng bdng VN35-KS diu xuit hien canh vugt v i giao ddng hr 1,7 - 3,9 cinh (bing 2) Cinh vugt xuit hien nhilu nhit d cic cdng thiic P3T1 (3,7 cinh), P4Ti(3,9 cinh), P3T2(3,3 cinh) va P4T2 (3,6 cinh)
- Chilu dii cinh qui dii nhit li mot frong nhiing chi tieu dh xic dinh khoing
each gieo trdng hgp ly khi tic ddng mot sd bien phip ky thuat thim canh Sd lieu bing 2 va hinh 2 cho thay chi sd chilu dai cinh qui dii nhit d cic cdng thiic P3T1 (49,9 cm) va P4T1 (48,1 cm) Chilu dii canh qui dii nhat d cic cdng thiic PQTI,
Trang 28De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
PiTi va P2T1 diu dat tren 40 cm, trong khi d cic cdng thiic P0T2, P1T2, P2T2, P3T2 va P4T2 chi dat dudi 40 cm
C o n g thLPC T N
Hinh 1 Bieu dien th&i gian sinh tru&ng cua giong bong VN35-KS & 5
mirc phdn bon kit hap 2 th&i diem bdm ngon
Hinh 2 Bleu diin gid tri chieu ddi cdnh qua ddi nhdt ciia giong bong VN35-KS & 5 mirc phan bon kit hop 2 th&i diem bdm nggn
Trang 29De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Tdm lai, bam nggn sdm khi cd 8 v i 10 cinh qui, lugng phin bdn ting lim
keo dai thdi gian sinh trudng ciia gidng bdng lai VN35-KS hi 19,9 - 21,3 ngiy so
vdi miic phan bdn ddi chiing Bim nggn sdm v i lugng phin bdn nhilu lim gia tang
F y F F
SO canh vugt tren cay bdng v i ciing lim cho chieu dii canh qui dii nhit dat tri sd
Idn nhat d miic sai khic cd y nghia
4.2.2 Anh hu&ng den mirc do nhiem sau benh hai
Tien hinh theo ddi mot sd loai siu benh hai chinh tren ciy bdng trong cic thi
nghiem de thay dugc sir tic ddng ciia bien phip thim canh ket hgp bim nggn sdm
F F F t
den tinh hinh siu benh ddi vdi ciy bdng Ket qui dugc tdng hgp d bing 3
Bang 3: Anh hudng ciia phan bdn va thai diem bam ngon den mirc do nhiem sau
benh hai cua
-; lai VN35-KS vu mua Benh moc suong giai doan 90 NSG
(%)
TLB 26,3 19,1 27,4 21,6 25,3 12,2 20,2 21,6 17,7 19,3
-
-CSB 20,4 15,8 25,7 18,3 24,2 19,7 16,5 17,3 15,2 18,1
8,2 6.78
2009 tai Mudng La1 Benh dom chay la giai doan 90 NSG
(%)
TLB 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 95,5 100,0 99,3 100,0 100,0
-
-CSB 70,2 84,4 79,5 87,2 71,7 85,1 76,8 64,3 67,4 75,8
8,75 15,9
t
Rky xanh giai
60 NSG Con/100 la
158,4 117,6 142,7 60,1 72,5 162,8 151,3 107,4 66,1 57,2
-
-doan
Cap h^i
-Ghi chii: - NSG: ngdy sau gieo; - TLB: ty le benh; - CSB: chi so benh
Trang 30De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
- 6 tat ca cic cdng thirc thi nghiem, benh xanh liin khdng thay xuit hien (bing
F F F F
3) Benh ddm chiy li xuit hien vdi ty le cay bi benh rit cao (95,5 - 100%) vi chi sd
benh ciing khi cao (70,2 - 87,2%) Tuy nhien phin Idn benh hai tren li vi d cip 2, cip
3 v i d giai doan ciy bdng da ra hoa qui nhieu, thdi tiet mua it vi im do khdng khi thip
nen mac dii ty le v i chi sd benh rit cao nhung benh ddm chiy li it anh hudng den khi
nang cho nang suit ciia ciy bdng trong thi nghiem
- Benh mdc suang ciing xuit hien d tat ci cic cdng thiic, tuy nhien ty le ciy bi
benh chi giao ddng tir 12,2 din 27,4% vi chi sd benh li 15,2 - 25,7%
y F F '
- Ray xanh xuit Men vi giy hai d tit ci cic cdng thiic thi nghiem Mac du gidng
bdng lai VN35-KS cd khi ning khang riy xanh cao nhung trdng trong vu mua tai miln
niii phia Bic van bi riy xanh giy hai ding ke tai giai doan ciy bdng dugc 90 ngiy tudi
Tai thdi dilm niy, chiing tdi dilu tra thiy mat do ray xanh tmng binh tir 57,2 - 162,8
con/100 li (hinh 3) Mat do riy xanh cao d cic cdng thiic PQTI (158,4 con/100 li),
P0T2 (162,8 con/100 li) v i cap hai li cip 3 Cic cdng thiic PiTi, P2T, vi P1T2 cd
mat do ray thap han nhung ciing diu d cip 3 Cdng thiic P2T2 bi hai d cip 2, cic
cdng thiic cdn lai li cip 1
Hinh 3 Biiu diin mat do rdy xanh giai doan 90 ngdy sau gieo &&5 mirc phan
bon kit hap 2 th&i diim bdm nggn
Trang 31De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Nhu vay, gidng VN35-KS trdng vu mua tai miln mii phia Bic khdng thay
F
xuat hien benh xanh liin d giai doan cay bdng dugc 60 ngiy tudi YIU td phin bdn
F F
ket hgp bam nggn sdm khdng cd tic dung trong viec han chi benh mdc suang va
dom chiy la gay hai tren gidng bdng VN35-KS nhung cd tic dimg rd ret trong viec
han chi riy xanh giy hai Cd thi ndi, bam nggn kit hgp vdi ting lugng phin bdn
gdp phan giim su gay hai ciia riy xanh hen gidng bdng VN35-KS
4.2.3 Cdcyiu to cdu thdnh ndng sudt, ndng sudt bong hat vd hieu qud kinh ti
F f
Nang suit bong hat la mot trong nhiing chi tieu quan trgng nhit lim ca
sd dinh gia hieu qui ciia mdi bien phip ky thuat khi ip dung vio sin xuat bdng
ndi chung v i trong viec so sinh, dinh gii inh hudng ciia phin bdn kit hgp bim
nggn trong thi nghiem ciia de tii nay
Bang 4: Anh hudng ciia phan bon va thdi diem bam ngon den cac yeu to cau thanh
nang suit, nang suit bong hat va lai thuan tren giong bong lai VN35-KS tai Mudng Lit
15,3
12,9 15,2
16,8 14,6 13,7
7,42 1.5
Khdi luong qud (g) 4,31 4,35 4,42 4,86 4,72 4,29 4,33
4,76
4,55 4,82
-
-NSLT (ta^a)
26,96 28,81 26,84 21,68 34,66 25,46 31,59 38,38 31,88 31,70
8.37 2.05
NSTT (ta/ha)
15,31 15,87 16,23 12,15 18,57 16,22 16,78 19,45 17,34 16,01
9.25 1,16
Tong thu (tr.d/ha)
11,4825 11,9025 12,1725 9,1125 14,0625 12,165 12,585 14,5875 13,005 12,0075
-
-Tong chi (tr.d/ha)
7,53 6,81 7,88 8,62 8,60 7,53 6,81 7,88 8,62 8,60
-
-Lai thuan (tr.d/ha) 3,95 5,09 4,29 0,49 5,46 4,63 5,77 6,70 4,38 3,4
9.35 0.96
Trang 32De tdi nghien ciiru khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Ghi chu : - Gid bong hat Id 7.500 d/kg; - Gid hat giong bong la 132.000 d/kg;
- Cong lao dong la 45.000 d/cong; - Gid phdn NPK la 3.700d/kg
- Gid phdn dam ure la 7.100 d/kg
P4T1 P0T2 P1T2
Cdng thipc T N
a NSLT B NSTT
,.X
Hinh 4 Bieu dien NSLT vd NSTT & 5 muc phan bon
ket hgrp v&i 2 th&i diem bam nggn
P0T1 P1T1 P2T1 P3T1 P4T1 P0T2 P1T2
Cong thirc TN
P2T2 P3T2 P4T2
Hinh 5 Biiu diin lai thudn thu duac & 5 muc phdn bon
kit hgp v&i 2 th&i diem bam nggn
Trang 33De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
F y f F
- So qui/cay la chi tieu quan trgng diu tien de xic dinh nang suit bdng
hat ly thuyet Bing 4 cho thiy, sd qui/ciy ciia cic cdng thiic thi nghiem giao
dong tii 9,7 - 16,8 qui/cay Cdng thurc P2T2 cd sd qui/ciy nhieu nhit (trung binh
dat 16,8 qui/cay) d do tin ciy 95% Tiep den l i cic cdng thiic P4T1 v i P1T2 cd
so qui/cay tuong duong nhau (15,3 v i 15,2 qui/ciy) Cdng thiic P3T1 cd sd
F F
qui/cay it nhat (chi dat 9,7 qui/ciy) Cic cdng thiic cdn lai cd sd qui/ciy trung
binh tir 12,9 - 14,6 qua/cay va tuong duong nhau
F F F F
- So lieu bing 4 va hinh 4 cho thiy rd ning suit ly thuyet (NSLT) vi nang
suit thuc thu (NSTT) ciia cic cdng thiic thi nghiem li khi cao, tnmg binh NSLT
giao ddng tu 21,68 - 38,38 ta/ha v i NSTT giao ddng hr 12,15 - 19,45 ta/ha 6
miic y nghia P= 0,05 cho phep khing dinh NSLT dat cao nhit d cdng thiic P2T2
(38,38 ta/ha), diing thii hai li cdng thiic P4T1 (34,66 ta/ha) Cic cdng thiic cdn lai
diu thip han v i thip nhat li cdng thiic P3T1 (chi dat 21,68 ta/ha) Tuy nhien,
NSTT d cdng thiic P2T2 v i cdng thiic P4T1 dat cao nhit va tuong duong nhau d
miic y nghia P= 0,05 (nang suit thuc thu li 19,45 v i 18,57 ta/ha) Ning suit thuc
thu cua cic cdng thiic cdn lai diu thip hon v i khic nhau khdng rd ring
- Lai thuan l i chi tieu dinh gii hieu qui kinh tl thu dugc hi viec ip dung
cac bien phip ky thuit thim canh Sd lieu bing 4 v i hinh 5 cho thiy lai thuin
thu dugc d cdng thirc P2T2 v i cdng thiic P1T2 li cao nhat dat 6,7 v i 5,77 trieu
ddng/ha vdi miic sai khic nhd nhit cd y nghia (Lsd.05 = 0,96) Cic cdng thiic
cdn lai thap ban, thip nhat li cdng thiic P3T1 (chi dat 0,49 trieu ddng/ha)
Nhu vay, miic phan bdn va thdi dilm bim nggn khic nhau cd inh hudng
ro ret din nang suit bdng hat v i hieu qui kinh t l ciia gidng bdng VN35-KS
Bam nggn d thdi dilm ciy bdng cd 10 cinh qui cho nang suit ly thuyet v i ning
suit thuc thu cao han so vdi bim nggn d thdi dilm ciy bdng cd 8 cinh qui
NSTT dat cao nhat d cdng thiic P2T2 v i P4T1 nhung hieu qui kinh t l dat cao
nhat d cong thiic P2T2 va P1T2
Trang 34De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
4.3 Anh hudng cua mat do va thoi diem bam ngon den sinh trudng phat trien, muc do nhiem sau benh hai, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te tren gidng bong VN35-KS vu mua 2009 tai Mudng Lat - Thanh Hoa
4.3.1 Anh hu&ng den sinh tru&ng phdt trien
Bing 5: Anh hudng ciia mat do va thdi diem bam nggn den tinh hinh sinh trudng phit trien ciia giong
7.52 5.9
bong lai VN35-KS vu mua 2009 tai Mudng Lit TGSTtu
gieo den tan thu (ngay) 154,4 157,3 156,7 156,6 164,7 166,2 166,9 167,3
9.24 5.47
So canh due (canh) 3,6 2,9 2,3 3,1 2,2 2,8 2,9 3,3
-
-So canh vugt (canh) 2,9 3,9 3,3 3,2 1,9 1,7 2,1 2.6
7.63 1.02
Chieu dai canh qua dai nhat (cm) 43,7 39,6 41,9 46,2 30,8 32,1 32,4 28,1
5.5 7.26
- Thdi gian sinh trudng hi gieo din 50%) sd ciy cd qui dau tien d cinh
qui thii nhit nd giao ddng tir 100,7 - 104,6 ngiy (bing 5) Thdi gian niy d cic cdng thiic it cd sir sai khic vdi miic y nghia P=0,05 v i tuong duong vdi d cdng thiic ddi chiing (Lsd.05 = 5,9)
- Thdi gian smh trudng hi gieo din tin thu d cic cdng thiic giao ddng tii
F
159J _ 171,9 ngiy Nhu vay, so vdi cic miic phin bdn khic nhau ket hgp 2 thdi dilm bam nggn sdm, d cic cdng thiic mat do khic nhau kit hgp bim nggn sdm tai 2 thdi dilm, thdi gian tir gieo din tin thu cua gidng VN35-KS cd xu hudng nit ngin d cic cdng thiic bam nggn Ti (giao ddng tir 154,4 din 157,3
Trang 35De tdi nghien curu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
ngay) va ngin hon d cic cdng thiic bam nggn T2 (Lsd.05 = 5,47) Thdi gian niy
d cac cdng thiic bim nggn T2 l i 166,2 - 171,9 ngiy (bing 5 v i hinh 6)
- Cd thi nhan thay chi tieu sd cinh vugt d cic cdng thiic bam nggn khi cd 8 canh qui nhilu hon hin so vdi d cic cdng thiic bim nggn khi cd 10 cinh qui vdi
do tm cay 95% (Lsd.05 = 1,02) Sd lieu bing 5 cho thay, sd cinh vugt d cic cdng thiic bam nggn Tj giao ddng hi 2,9 - 3,9 cinh, trong khi d cic cdng thiic bam nggn T2 la 1,7 - 2,6 cinh
- Chilu dii cinh qui dii nhit ciing cd sir khic biet ding kl d cac cdng thiic Gii h-i chilu dii cinh qui dii nhit d cic cdng thiic bim nggn sdm Ti cao hon han d cic cdng thiic bim nggn T2 vdi mirc sai khic nhd nhit cd y nghia la 7,26 cm Gii tri niy giao ddng hr 39,6 - 46,2 cm d cic cdng thiic bim nggn Ti v i tii 28,1 - 32,4 cm d cic cdng thiic bam nggn T2
Hinh 6 Bieu dien th&igian sinh tru&ng ciia giong bong VN35-KS
& 4 mat do gieo ket hap v&i 2 th&i diem bam nggn
Trang 36De tdi nghien curu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Tdm lai, viec bam nggn sdm vio thdi diem 8 cinh qua, thdi gian sinh trudng ciia gidng bdng VN35-KS cd xu hudng nit ngan lai Bam nggn sdm khi cay bdng cd 8 cinh qua cdn lam cho sd cinh vugt tren cay bdng phit trien nhieu
va cay bdng nhanh khep tin
4.3.2 Anh hu&ng den muc do nhiem sau benh hai
Cling gidng nhu d thi nghiem miic phin bdn v i thdi diem bim nggn tren, benh xanh lun khdng thiy xuat hien, tuy nhien benh mdc suong v i ddm chiy li diu xuit hien v i giy hai vdi miic do khic nhau
Bang 6: Anh hudng ciia mat do va thdi diem bam ngon din miic do nhilm sau
i ciia gidng bong lai VN35-KS tai Mudng Benh moc suong
giai doan 90 NSG (%) TLB 29,2 37,4 39,8 36,4 23,2 39,1 29,6 31,7
CSB 24,6 29,3 25,1 27,5 21,8 27,4 24,6 27,1
7,74 8,92
Benh dom chay la giai doan 90 NSG (%)
TLB
100 99,2
100
100 74,8 87,1 77,4 82,5
CSB 77,8 74,6 79,6 75,1 56,5 64,3 63,2 65,3
8.14 5.42
Lit Ray xanh giai
60 NSG
Con/100 la
162,4 177,8 168,1 159,9 165,3 185,5 170,1 156,9
doan
Cap hai
~
- Benh mdc suang xuat hien tren ciy bdng d tit c i cic cdng thiic thi nghiem vdi ty le benh v i chi sd benh d miic trung binh, trong dd chi sd benh giao ddng tir 21,8 - 29,3% Giua cic cdng thiic khdng cd su chenh lech nhau dang kl (Lsd.05 = 8,92)
Trang 37De tdi nghien ciru khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
- Benh ddm chiy l i xuat hien v i giy hai vdi miic do nang hon (ty le benh
tu 74,8 - 100%)) va chi sd benh giao ddng tir 56,5 - 79,6%) Khic vdi benh mdc suong, benh ddm chiy l i d cic cdng thiic cd khic nhau, chi sd benh cao d cic cdng thiic bam nggn T,, cao hon hin d cic cdng thiic bim nggn T2 vdi do tin cay 95% (LsdO.5 = 5,42) Tuy nhien, thuc tl qui trmh thuc hien thi nghiem chiing tdi quan sit thiy benh chii ylu xuit hien d cip 2 - 3 v i giy hai vio giai doan cay bdng dugc 90 ngiy tudi nen it cd khi nang inh hudng din khi ning cho nang suit ciia cay bdng trong thi nghiem
- Mat do ray xanh ciing khi cao giao ddng tii 156,9 - 185,5 con/100 li (bing 6 v i hinh 7) Mat do riy cao nhit d cdng thiic MjTi (177,8 con/100 li) v i M,T2 (185,5 con/100 li), thap nhit li d cdng thiic M3T2 (156,9 con/100 li) v i M3T1 (159,9 con/100 li) Cip riy d cic cdng thiic diu li cip 3 v i ngay sau khi theo ddi xong cap riy hai, chiing tdi phii tiln hinh phun trir ray xanh bing thudc Actara 25 WG
Trang 38De tdi nghien cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Nhu vay, vu mua 2009 tren gidng VN35-KS trong dilu kien mat do khic nhau ket hgp bim nggn sdm, benh xanh lun khdng xuit hien v i giy hai nhung benh mdc suong va ddm chiy li xuat hien vdi ty le ciy bi benh cao, nhit la benh ddm chay li Bim nggn sdm lim cho cay bdng cd xu hudng nhilm benh ddm chay la nang Riy xanh xuit hien v i giy hai d cap 3
4.3.3 Cdcyiu to cdu thdnh ndng sudt, ndng sudt bong hat vd hieu qud kinh ti
Tien hanh theo ddi cic chi tieu v l cac ylu td ciu thinh nang suit, nang
suit bdng hat, cic chi phi diu tu trong cic cdng thiic thi nghiem va tinh toan hieu qui kinh tl, sd lieu dugc tdng hgp d bing 7
Bing 7: Anh hudng ciia mat do vi thdi diem bim ngon den cac yeu td cau thanh nang
suit, nang suit bong hat va lai thuin tren gidng bong lai VN35-KS
tai Mudng Lit - vu mua 2009
Cong
thucTN
So qua/cay (qua)
Khoi lucmg qua (g)
NSLT (ta/ha)
NSTT (ta/ha)
Tong thu (tr.d/ha)
Tong chi (tr.d/ha)
Lai
thuan (tr.d/ha)
4,54 4,31 4,29 4,22 4,67 4,58 4,52 4,36
27,07 36,42 39,86 28,56 23,93 35,56 44,31 38,11
13,56 17,28 17,83 12,55 12,81 16,42 18,39 16,15
10,17 12,96 13,3725 9,4125 9,6075 12,315 13,7925 12,1125
7,320 7,452 7,518 7,584 7,320 7,452 7,518 7,584
2,85 5,50 5,85 1,82 2,28 4,86 6,27 4,52
Cv%
Lsd.05
8.23 0 7
5.8 3.2
9.36 2.36
7.62 0.25
- So qui/cay cd su bien ddng ding ke giua cic cdng thiic (bing 7 va hinh
8) Sd qui/cay d cong thiic M2T2 v i cdng thiic MiTi li tuong duong nhau d miic
y nghia 95% (trung binh dat 17,2 va 16,9 qui/cay) Cdng thirc M3T1 cd sd qua/cay it nhat, trung binh chi dat 10,8 qui/ciy (Lsd.05 = 0,7)
Trang 39De tdi nghien cuu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Hinh 9 Biiu diin NSLT vd NSTT cua giong VN35-KS & 4 mat do gieo ket
hap v&i 2 th&i diim bdm nggn
Trang 40De tdi nghiin cieu khoa hgc - 2009 CTY CP BONG MIEN BAC
Hinh 10 Biiu diin lai thudn thu duac ciia giong VN35-KS & 4 mat do gieo
kit hap v&i 2 th&i diim bdm nggn
- NSLT cua cic cdng thiic giao ddng hi 23,93 - 44,31ta/ha Cic cdng
thiic M2T1, M2T2 va M3T2 cd NSLT bing nhau d do tin cay 95% (Lsd.05 = 3,2) Cac cdng thiic cdn lai thip hon v i thip nhit la d cdng thiic M0T2 (23,93 ta/ha)
- NSTT d cac cdng thiic MiT,, MzT,, M2T2 v i M3T1 cd ning suat thuc thu tuang duang nhau d miic sai khic y nghia Lsd.05 = 2,36 NSTT trong cic cdng thiic nay giao ddng hr 16,15 - 18,39 ta/ha Cdng thiic MQT, , M3Tivi M0T2 cho NSTT thap nhit, hnng binh chi dat 12,55 - 13,56ta/ha (hinh 9 )
- Lai thuan thu dugc ciia cic cdng thiic trong thi nghiem diu khic nhau
va giao ddng hi 1,82 - 6,27 trieu ddng/ha (hinh 10) Lai thuin d cdng thiic M2T2 dat cao nhat vdi do tin cay 95% (Lsd.05 = 0,25) v i cao hon cic cdng thiic khic trong thi nghiem (dat 6,27 frieu ddng/ha) Cdng thiic M3T1 v i M0T2 cho lai thuin thip nhit (chi dat 1,82 - 2,28 trieu ddng/ha)
Nhu vay, d nen phin bdn 300 kg NPK Lam Thao 5-10-3 v i 200 kg dam