nghiên cứu làm chủ công nghệ và xây dựng mô hình công nghiệp sinh học sản xuất giống và rừng trồng cây nguyên liệu giấy năng suất cao

Ndm 2009, sau 12 thdng thuc hien vdi su cdng tdc ciia Phdng nghien ciru nudi cay md, Phdng Lam sinh - xd hdi- mdi trudng, de tdi da hoan thdnh nhirng ndi dung nghiin ciru dgt ra trong nd

BO CONG THLTONG TONG CONG TY GIAY VIET NAM Vien nghien ciru cay nguyen lieu giay

BAO CAO KET QUA DE TAI

CAP BO NAM 2009

De tai:

NGHIEN CUtJ LAM CHU CONG NGHE

VA XAY DUlVG MO HINH CONG NGHIEP SINH HOC

• • •

NGUYEN LIEU GIAY NANG SUAT CAO

Cc quan chu quan: BO CONG THlTONG Co^ quan chu tri: VIEN NC CAY NL GIAY Chu nhiem de tai: ThS Pham Thi Kim Thanh

PHII THO, THANG 12 NAM 2009 -,7/ j JJQA Q

BO CONG THl/ONG TONG CONG TY GIAY VIET NAM Vien nghien ciru cay nguyen lieu giay

B A O C A O KET QUA DE TAI

CAP BO N A M 2009

Be tai:

NGHIEN ClTU LAM CHU CONG NGHE

VA XAY DUNG MO HINH CONG NGHIEP SINH HOC

• • •

SAN XUAT GIONG VA R I T N G TRONG CAY

NGUYEN LIEU G I A Y NANG SUAT CAO

Chii nhiem de tai: ThS Pham Thi Kim Thanh

• • •

Tham gia thyc hien: KS Vu Thj Lan

KS Nguyen Thi Thin

KS Trieu Hoang Son

MUC LUC

Thit tw Noi dung Trang

Danh muc ky hieu va cac chir viet tat ii

Danh muc bang va hinh iii

Tdm tit iv

I Tdng quan 1 1.1 Xuat XII cua de tai 1

1.2 Tinh cap thiet va muc tieu nghien ciin cila de tai 2

1.3 Ddi tugng va ndi dung nghien cuu 3

1.4 Tdng quan tinh hinh nghien ciin trong va ngoai nude 4

1.4.1 Tinh hinh ling dung ky thuat nuoi cay md va giam hom Bach 4

dan trong san xuat lam nghiep

1.4.2 Tinh hinh nghien cuu trong nude 7

1.4.3 Tinh hinh nghien cuu d nude ngoai 8

1.4.4 Co sdly thuylt 10

II Thuc nghiem 13

2.1 Phuong phap nghien cuu 13

2.2 Thiet bi, dung cu, nguyen vat lieu va hoa chat su dung cho 17

nghien ciin

2.3 Ket qua thuc nghiem va thao luan 18

2.3.1 Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng in vitro cua ddng Bach dan 18

nghien ciin

2.3.2 Danh gia kha nang ra re in vitro cua ddng Bach dan nghien 20

cuu

2.3.3 Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng bang hom ciia cac ddng Bach 21

dan nghien cuu

2.3.4 LTng dung cdng nghe nudi cay md va giam hom trong san xuat 24

cay gidng Bach dan

2.3.5 Xay dung va cham sde vudn vat lieu gidng cac ddng Bach dan 29

2.3.6 Kha nang sinh trudng tai cac md hinh rung trong 30

2.3.6.1 Kit qua sinh trudng cua rung trdng tai Lap Thach - VTnh Phiic 30

2.3.6.2 Kit qua sinh trudng cua rung trdng tai Tam Thanh - Phii Thg 33

III Kit luan va kien nghj 36

Tai lieu tham khao 38

Phan phu luc

DANH MUC KY HIEU VA CAC CHlT VIET TAT

Che pham ra re cua Trung Qudc (ABT sd 1)

6 - benzyl adenin purin Dudng kinh gdc

Chieu cao viit nggn Indol axetic axit Indol butyric axit Chi sd sinh trudng hoac chi sd the tich (Iv Dg^*Hvn)

Mdi trudng Murashige and Skoog (1962) Trung binh

Thi nghiem Thiitu

He sd bien ddng cua dudng kinh gdc

He sd bien ddng cila chieu cao

DANH MUC BANG VA HINH

Bang 01 Kha nang sinh trudng phat trien chdi Bach dan in vitro 18

ciia cac ddng nghien ciin (sau 4 tuan nudi cay)

Bang 02 Chat lugng chdi Bach dan in vitro cua cac ddng nghien 19

cuu

Bang 03 Kha nang ra re in vitro cila chdi Bach dan (sau 2 tuan) 20

Bang 04 Anh hudng cua thdi vu den kha nang ra re ciia hom 3 ddng 22

Bach dan (lin 1- thang 3/2009 din lin 10- thang 12/2009)

Bang 05 Chat lugng cay hom cila 3 ddng Bach dan 23 Bang 06 Sinh trudng cua rung trdng 04 ddng vd tinh Bach dan 25

tai Lap Thach - VTnh Phiic (5/2009 - 11/2009

Bang 07 Chat lugng rung trdng 04 ddng vd tinh Bach dan 27

tai Lap Thach - VTnh Phiic (5/2009 - 11/2009)

Bang 08 Sinh trudng cila rung trdng 04 ddng vd tinh Bach dan 28

tai Tam Thanh - Phu Thg (6/2009 - 11/2009)

Bang 09 Chat lugng rung trdng cua 04 ddng vd tinh Bach dan 30

tai Tam Thanh - Phil Thg (6/2009 - 11/2009)

Hinh 01 Ty le ra re in vitro cua cac ddng Bach dan 21 Hinh 02 Ty le ra re cua hom cac ddng Bach dan trong cac thang 22

Hinh 03 Sinh trudng Dg cua rimg trdng tai Lap Thach 26 Hinh 04 Sinh trudng Hvn cua rung trdng tai Lap Thach 27 Hinh 05 Sinh trudng Dg cila rimg trdng tai Tam Thanh 29 Hinh 06 Sinh trudng Hvn cua rimg trdng tai Tam Thanh 29

111

ndi dung sau: Dd xdc dinh vd lira chgn 4 ddng Bgch ddn uu trdi, ndng sudt cao

da dugc cdng nhdn gidng (giai dogn 2000 - 2006); Nghien ciru nudi cay md vd gidm hom cdc ddng vd tinh Bgch dan da dugc cdng nhdn gidng: PN3d; PN116; PN54;PN46 Ndm 2009, sau 12 thdng thuc hien vdi su cdng tdc ciia Phdng nghien ciru nudi cay md, Phdng Lam sinh - xd hdi- mdi trudng, de tdi da hoan thdnh nhirng ndi dung nghiin ciru dgt ra trong ndm 2009 cu the nhu sau: Dd ddnh gid khd ndng nhdn gidng in vitro cua 04 ddng Bgch dan nghien ciru vi khd ndng nhdn nhanh vd sinh trudng cua chdi in vitro, khd ndng ra ri cua chdi

in vitro; Ddnh gid khd ndng nhdn gidng bdng hom cua 03 ddng Bgch dan nghien cuu; Xdy dung vudn vat lieu gidng Bgch ddn vd 02 ha md hinh rimg trdng Bgch ddn; Ung dung ky thuat nudi cay md — gidm hom Bgch dan theo hudng cdng nghiep: tgo ra 20.000 cdy gidng

Phan I TONG QUAN 1.1 Xuat xu cua de tai

Bach dan la loai cay cd kha nang sinh trudng nhanh, cd bien do sinh thai rdng, de gay trdng tren nhieu dang lap dia, nang suat cao, chu ky kinh doanh ngan, cd kha nang chiu gid bao tdt Dac biet ddi vdi Bach dan Urophylla, la cay cd dang than thang, thon dep, tia canh tu nhien tdt nen thu hiit nhieu ngudi su dung Hien nay Bach dan cd dien tich trdng rimg kha Idn d nude ta, la cay quan trgng de san xuat bdt giay

Tir nam 1979 Trung tam nghien cuu cay nguyen lieu giay Phu Ninh (nay la Vien nghien cuu cay nguyen lieu giay) da bat dau cac khao nghiem chgn gidng bach dan de phuc vu cho viec trdng rung tham canh cay nguyen lieu giay Cac ket qua nghien ciin cua Trung tam da xac dinh dugc xuat xu

bach dan E.urophylla tu Lewotobi va Egon ludn dung dau ve sinh trudng d tat

ca cac khao nghiem Do dd loai va xuat xu nay da dugc nhap hat gidng va gay trdng rung md rdng d vung trung tam Bac Bd Tir dien tich riing trdng dd Trung tam Phu Ninh da chgn tuyen dugc hang tram cay trdi dua vao khao nghiem tuyen chgn cac ddng uu trdi cho san xuat Nhieu thi nghiem ddng vd

tinh cho loai bach dan E.urophylla dugc thiet lap tu nam 1997 den nam 2000

Kit qua din nam 2006 cac ddng PN2 ; PN14; PN3d; PN46; PN47; PNl 16

da dugc bd Ndng nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn cdng nhan la gidng dua ra trdng rimg cdng nghiep d viing Trung tam va cac viing cd dieu kien sinh thai tuong tu Nhiing ddng Bach dan dugc cdng nhan gidng PNl 16; PN3d; PN46 cd nang suat cao, song hien nay chua cd nghien cuu cu the ve ky thuat nhan gidng va lam ehu cdng nghe san xuat gidng cho timg ddng

D I gdp phan nang cao nang suat rung nguyen lieu giay, nam 2008 Bd Cdng Thuong giao cho Vien nghien cuu cay nguyen lieu giay (FRC) nghien

Clin de tai "Nghien ciiu lam chii cong nghe vd xdy dwng mo hinh cong

nghiep sinh hpc sdn xuat gidng va rwng trong cdy nguyen lieu gidy ndng sudt cao" DO ban che ve kinh phi, Hdi ddng khoa hgc ciia Vien va Vu khoa

hgc cdng nghe cua Bd nhit tri gidi ban dk tai tap trung nghien cuu vao mot

loai Bach dan E.urophylla vdi cac ddng PN3d, PN46, PN54, PNl 16 va ke hoach dl tai thuc hien trong 3 nam (2007 - 2009)

1.2 Tinh cap thiet va muc tieu nghien cuu ciia de tai

1.2.1 Tinh cap thiet ciia de tai

Ddng thdi vdi viec chgn cay trdi la viec nghien ciin ung dung ky thuat nhan gidng vd tinh bang giam hom va nudi cay md, tao kha nang dua nhanh mot sd ddng bach dan cao san (PN2; PNl4) vao thi nghiem va san xuat Hang ngan ha rung md-hom vdi cac ddng PNl4; PN2 dugc trdng d tinh Phu Thg, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, VTnh Phiic, Bac Giang, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen, Quang Ninh, Nghe An, Ha TTnh, Phii Yen Tuy nhien do sd ddng vd tinh bach dan dua trdng cdn it, nen d mot vai noi da cd dau hieu nguy co sau benh hai

Viec nghien ciin ky thuat nhan gidng va lam chu cdng nghe san xuat gidng nhimg ddng mdi can dugc tien hanh de cung cap cay gidng cho san xuat, phuc vu cac chuong trinh trdng rung cho loai Bach dan Vi vay de tai

"Nghien ciru lam chu cdng nghi vd xdy dung md hinh cdng nghiep sinh hgc sdn xuat gidng vd rimg trdng cdy nguyen lieu gidy ndng sudt cao " dugc thuc

hien

1.2.2 Muc tieu nghien cuu ciia de tai

* Muc tieu tdng quat:

+ Lam chu cdng nghe nhan gidng md-hom va ung dung nhan giong

mot sd ddng vd tinh Bach dan uu trdi, nang suat cao da dugc cdng nhan gidng (giai doan 2000 - 2006): PNl 16; PN3d; PN54; PN46

+ San xuat cay gidng vd tinh Bach dan

* Muc tieu cu the ndm 2009:

+ Xac dinh kha nang nhan gidng bang ky thuat nudi cay md va giam

hom cila cac ddng Bach dan nghien ciin

+ Xay dung md binh rimg trdng Bach dan

1.3 Doi tugng/pham vi va noi dung nghien cuu

1.3.1 Doi tuong nghien cuu: Cac ddng vd tinh Bach dan urophylla da

dugc cdng nhan gidng cip qudc gia: PN46; PN54; PNl 16; PN3d (giai doan

2000 - 2006) dugc dan gidng tu rung trdng thi nghiem cua Vien nghien cuu cay nguyen lieu giay Phu Ninh - Phii Thg

+ PN3d: La ddng da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn cdng nhan gidng Qudc gia nam 2003

+ PNl 16 : La ddng da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn cdng nhan gidng tien bd ky thuat nam 2006

-I- PN54: La ddng da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn cdng nhan gidng tien bd ky thuat nam 2005

+ PN46 : La ddng da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn cdng nhan gidng tien bd ky thuat nam 2004

1.3.2 Noi dung nghien cuu

1 San xuat giong (san xuat thu ddng cd kha nang nhan nhanh): 20.000 cay

md Bach dan

* Nudi cay md : he sd nhan gidng > 3 lan ; ty le ra re > 85%

* Hom giam cd ty le ra re tir 70 - 80%, cay hom khoe manh, sinh trudng tdt dat ty le xuat vudn > 85%

- Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng in vitro ciia ddng Bach dan nghien cuu

+ Kha nang nhan nhanh va sinh trudng cua chdi in vitro

+ Kha nang ra re cua chdi in vitro

- Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng bang hom cua ddng Bach dan nghien cuu: + Kha nang ra re ciia hom giam

+ Ty le xuat vudn va chat lugng cay con

2 Xay dung vudn vat lieu gidng Bach dan

3 Xay dung 2 ha md hinh rung trdng Bach dan

1.4 Tong quan tinh hinh nghien ciru trong va ngoai nude, co sd ly thuyet

1.4.1 Tinh hinh ung dung ky thuat nudi cay md va giam hom Bach dan trong san xuat lam nghiep

Hien nay nhieu nude phat trien da thuc hien kinh doanh rung nguyen lieu theo phuong thuc dau tu tham canh cao De cd cay gidng chat lugng tdt phuc vu trdng riing, cac nude tap trung vao viec san suat cay con theo phuong phap nhan gidng md - hom, cdng nghe nay dugc nhieu noi tren the gidi ap dung de nhan nhanh nhung ca the chgn Igc tao ra cay con chat lugng cao dap ling dugc nhu cau trdng rung d qui md Idn Nhimg rimg trdng bang cay con tir md-hom da dat dugc do ddng deu rat cao, duy tri dugc nhirng dac tinh uu trdi cila cay me (sinh trudng nhanh, nang suat va chat lugng cao)

Song song vdi viec chgn Igc nhimg ddng va xuat xu tdt, viec nhan gidng nhiing ddng dugc chgn tuyen va lam chu cdng nghe nhan gidng nhiing ddng dd la van de quan trgng, do vay cac nude nhu Cdng hoa Nam Phi, Brazin, Trung Qudc da nghien cuu va xay dung nhiing vudn uom san suat hang chuc trieu cay md-hom/nam va toan bd cdng viec nay dugc thuc hien tren mot day chuyen cdng nghiep Trung Qudc la nude ung dung sdm va thanh cdng nudi cay md vao trdng rimg dien rdng, cay dugc nhan gidng thanh

cdng chinh la E urophylla Den nam 1991 d vung Nam Trung Qudc, ngudi ta

da tao ra tren 1 trieu cay md cua cac cay va ddng lai dugc chgn Igc [5]

Sd cac loai bach dan da dugc nhan gidng bang phuong phap nudi cay

md ngay mot tang, tdi nam 1987 da cd tren 20 loai Bach dan khac nhau tao dugc cay con in vitro (Gupta va Mascarenhas, 1987) Cac nha khoa hgc An

Do da tao thanh cdng cay md tir cac cay trdi bach dan E.camandulensis,

E.globulus, E tereticornis, E torelliana va ca tu cac cay trdi cd ham lugng

tinh dau cao cila bach dan chanh E citriodora Cay md cd ngudn gdc tir cay

uu viet sinh trudng nhanh gap 3 lan va ddng dlu hon la cay mgc tu hat cua

cung cay me Tai Uc, nhan gidng bang nudi ciy in vitro da dugc ap dung dk

nhan nhanh cac cay dugc chgn cho tinh chiu man trong dat va dang dugc dua

vao san xuat Ion cho loai E camaldulensis [5]

Vao dau nam 1950, Bach dan (Eucalyptus) van dugc coi la loai cay

khdng the nhan gidng bang hom, nhung vao nam 1961 Giordano da giam hom

thanh cdng bach dan E.camaldulensis mot nam tudi vdi ty le ra re dat tren

60% Nam 1963, nha nghien cuu ngudi Phap la Franclet da dua ra mot danh muc bao gdm 58 loai bach dan da dugc thu nghiem giam hom va dat dugc thanh cdng d tung muc do khac nhau Dau nhiing nam 1970, cac nha khoa hgc Phap da di sau nghien ciin tim ra quy trinh cdng nghe san xuat cay hom Bach dan cd nang suat cao tai Trung tam ky thuat lam nghiep nhiet ddi (CTFT) Cdng gd Cdng nghe nay da dugc mau chdng ap dung vao san xuat lam nghiep d Cdng gd, dac biet la viec san xuat hang loat cac ddng vd tinh uu viet cd ngudn gdc tir cay lai tu nhien hoac cay lai nhan tao Trong sudt 10 nam, tu nam 1978 den nam 1987, Cdng gd da trdng dugc 25.000 ha rung trdng bach dan bang cac ddng vd tinh cao san Cac ddng vd tinh ndi tieng bat

ngudn tu cac cay lai khac loai E.alba x E.urophylla va E.tereticornis x E

saligna, trong dd cd hai ddng vd tinh ndi tieng nhat va dugc trdng rdng rai

nhat la: E PFl va E 12BL x E saligna Tdi nam 1987, mot sd rung trdng cay

hom Bach dan cao san da dugc khai thac lay gd xuat khau sang chau Au va rung trdng bang cay hom nay da chiing td dugc sue sinh trudng ndi bat va hua hen tuong lai day trien vgng [6]

Theo cdng bao ciia Griffin va Revelli (1993), trong nam 1991, 25 cdng

ty chinh cua Brazin da san xuat 270 trieu cay gidng phuc vu trdng rung, cd

175 trieu cay Bach dan, chiem 65% tdng sd cay gidng, trong dd cd tdi 50 trieu cay hom Bach dan Neu trdng vdi cu ly 3m x 3m, hang nam Brazin se cd them 45.000 ha rung trdng cay hom Bach dan cao san, vdi nang suat du kien tdi thilu dat 50- 70 m3/ha/nam [6]

Sa do : Nhdn giong mo - hom vd rimg trong dong vo tinh

Mau cay vo trung

i

Tai sinh choi in vitro

Vudn vat lieu giong dong vo tinh Rung trong

Nhan choi

va phat trien choi

II

Cac bude I va II

Cac bude tir 2.1

Cac bude tir 1.1

Cac bude 1.3 va

Cac bude 1.4 va

Ghi chii:

: Xu ly tao vat lieu ban dau cho nhan gidng md - hom

din 2.4: Giai doan nhan gidng bang nudi cay md tao cay con in vitro, din 1.2: Giai doan nhan gidng bang giam bom tao cay hom

2.5: Giai doan luu giii va su dung ngudn vat lieu gidng da dugc tre hoa

2.6: Su dung cay gidng md - hom vao trdng rung, cac buac de tai da thuc hien

1.4.2 Tinh hinh nghien ciiu trong nude

0 Viet Nam, sau khi mot sd gidng Bach dan cd nang suat cao dugc nhap (U6, U16), cac ddng vd tinh Bach dan (PN2, PNl4) va Keo lai cd nang suat cao ra ddi, nudi cay md va giam hom da trd thanh mot phong trao nhan gidng dugc ap dung rdng rai trong san xuat lam nghiep Nhirng co sd hien dang nhan gidng bang nudi cay md va giam bom d quy md Idn trong lam nghiep nude ta la Vien nghien ciin cay nguyen lieu giay Phu Ninh, Trung tam khoa hgc san xuat lam nghiep Quang Ninh, Xi nghiep gidng thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Trudng Dai hgc Lam nghiep [2]

Trong khi nang suat rimg tu nhien cila ta chi dat 2 - 6 m^/ha/nam, nang suat rung trdng quang canh dugc trdng bang cay hat ciing chi dat 5 - 7 mVha/nam, thi nang suat rung trdng ciia mot sd gidng Bach dan mdi chgn tao hoac mdi nhap dugc trdng bang cay md va cay hom cd the dat 15 - 20 mVha/nam [2]

Nhan gidng bang nudi cay md te bao hay vi nhan gidng la ten ggi chung cho cac phuong phap nudi cay in vitro cho cac bd phan nhd dugc tach khdi cay (George, 1993) dang dugc diing phd bien de nhan gidng thuc vat, trong dd cd cay lam nghiep Cac bd phan dugc diing de nudi cay cd the

la chdi dinh, chdi ben, chdi bat dinh, bao phan, phan hoa, phdi va cac bd phan khac nhu vd cay, la non, than mam [7], [8]

Cung vdi nhung ket qua ve cai thien gidng, Vien nghien cuu cay nguyen lieu gidy va Trung tam nghien cuu gidng cay rung da nghien ciin thanh cdng ky thuat nudi cay md va giam hom cho mot sd ddng Bach dan

va mot sd gidng cay rung khac [4]

Nghien cuu nudi cay md cho gidng lai giiia Bach dan lieu va Bach dan trSng da dugc Nguyen Nggc Tan va cdng su (1997) thuc hien thanh cdng tu nam 1993 va dung BAP bd sung vao mdi trudng co ban MS Mdi trudng MS bd sung IBA cd thi dat ty le ra re 80% [1] Nghien cuu nudi cay

md cho gidng Bach dan lai U29C3 do Doan Thi Mai va cdng su (2000) tien

hanh va da thu dugc cay md tu td hgp lai nay de khao nghiem Ket qua cho thay mdi trudng MS bd sung 0,5 mg/1 BAP cho sd chdi trung binh trong mdi cum cao nhat Mdi trudng ra re thich hgp la mdi trudng MS bd sung 1,0 mg/1 IBA, cho ty le ra rl tdi 83,8% [1]

Duong Mgng Hung (1993) nghien cuu nhan gidng bang nudi cay md

cho hai loai bach dan Eucalyptus camaldulensis va Eucalyptus urophylla tu

cay trdi ciia 2 loai Ket qua da tao dugc mot sd cay md bach dan, tuy nhien

ty le mau nhiem nam benh khi dua mau vao mdi trudng vd tning cdn cao,

he sd nhan chdi thap ( 1 - 2 lan) [3]

O nude ta, ky thuat nudi cay md, te bao cho cay than gd d thdi ky nghien cuu va ung dung vao san xuat quy md Idn chii yeu cho mot sd loai

Bach dan (U6, PNl 4, PN2), den nay cac cdng trinh do cdng bd ung dung

vao san xuat quy md Idn chua nhieu

1.4.3 Tinh hinh nghien ciru d" nude ngoai

Nhd ung dung ky thuat nudi cay md vao nhan gidng, ngudi ta da tao

ra hang loat cay con ddng nhat ve kieu gen vdi sd lugng Idn ma cac phuong phap nhan gidng vd tinh thdng thudng khac khdng the cd dugc Nudi cay

md cd uu the hon cac phuong phap nhan gidng vd tinh khac la cd ty le nhan gidng cao, tdi hang trieu cay mdi nam Ngoai ra cd the ap dung nhieu bien phap xir ly len nudi cay in vitro hon la cac phuong phap khac Cay gidng tao ra bang phuong phap nudi cay in vitro vira khoe, tre sinh ly va cd the sach virus ngay ca khi mau lay tir dinh sinh trudng cila nhiing cay da nhiem virus [12], [14]

Viec chgn vat lieu ban dau cho vi nhan gidng la rat quan trgng, khdng nhiing quyet dinh su thanh cdng ban dau ma ca qua trinh nhan tiep theo Cac cdng trinh cua D'Amato (1977) cho thay chi cd dinh sinh trudng eua chdi mdi dam bao ve su dn dinh di truyen Tiep den la dinh md phan sinh vdi kich thude nhd, ket hgp vdi xu ly nhiet de lam sach benh la vat

lieu tdt de nhan Cac chdi nhan ban dau thudng dugc lay tu dinh chdi hoac

dinh md phan sinh tren mdi trudng thach chua cac mudi khoang, dudng, vitamin va cac chat dieu hoa sinh trudng Vi nhan gidng dugc bat dau bau bang tach dinh chdi hoac md phan sinh tir cac cay dinh nhan, sau dd khu trung va dua vao nudi cay d mdi trudng phii hgp Cac chdi dugc hinh thanh

va dugc tach ra cay ehuyen sang mdi trudng mdi, quy trinh cii the dugc lap lai Day la phuong phap cho be sd nhan thap hon phuong phap nhan qua giai doan md seo hoac phdi, nhung cac chdi dugc hinh thanh giir dugc dac diem eua cay me, it hoac khdng bi thay ddi ve mat di truyen Trong mot sd trudng hgp, vi nhan gidng cd the thuc hien thdng qua viec tao phdi hoac tai sinh cay true tiep tir md seo Phuong phap nay cho be sd nhan cao hon nhung thudng keo theo sir bien di soma [16]

Joseli Schwambach, Cristina Fadanelli and Athur G Fett-Neto

(2005), md ta phan ung phat sinh re in vitro cila Eucalyptus globulus Labill

ddi vdi Ca, N, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu d cac ndng do khac nhau Phan tich nhirng sd lieu ve pham tram binh thanh re, sd re, chieu dai re va thdi gian ra

re Sd re va chieu dai re bi anh hudng dang ke bdi dinh duong khoang, trong khi thdi gian ra re va phan tram hinh thanh re cd ve cd quan he mat thiet vdi hieu luc cila auxin Sd re bi anh hudng bdi ngudn Ca, N va Zn, trong khi chieu dai re lai bi anh hudng bdi ndng do cua P, Fe, Mn va bdi ngudn N Du tren nhimg ket qua co ban dd, hg danh gia cac td hgp khac nhau ciia cac chat khoang d vai ba ndng do ddi vdi mdi gian doan hinh thanh re khac nhau [15]

Sophie Nourissier and Olivier Monteuuis (2007) thuc hien mot loat cac thi nghiem nudi cay tao re in vitro hai ddng Bach dan lai vd tinh: 147

va 149 {E urophylla XE grandis) tren mdi trudng MS cai tien Vdi ty le ra

re la 81%) ciia ddng 147, hg da khang dinh hieu qua dang ke cila 5 pM IBA

va 12.5 pM NAA ddi vdi kha nang ra re cua Bach dan lai [18]

Santos C D dos, Wendling I va cac cdng su (2004) nghien cuu nudi

cay E urophylla bang viec thu nghiem bd sung cac chat dieu hda sinh

trudng vao mdi trudng MS/2 Cac ket qua tdt nhat cho thay sd chdi va

chieu cao chdi thu dugc tren mdi trudng bd sung ty le thich hgp giira auxin

va cytokinin 1.2 mg/1 lAA + 0.08 mg/1 BAP va 0.1 mg/1 IBA + 0.1 mg/1

BAP [17]

Cac ket qua Zhang Yuanhua, Zhou Fu Wu Bing (2008) nudi cay

E.camaldulensis cho thay: E camaldulensis nudi cay trong mdi trudng MS

bd sung 0.3 mg/1 BAP + 0.2 mg/1 NAA cho tdc do tang trudng len den 4.0

l4n, tao re tot nhat trong mdi trudng 1/2 MS + IB A 0,5 mg/1 + ABT 0,2

mg/1, hau bet ty le ra re cd the dat khoang 85% [19]

1.4.4 Co so-ly thuyet

Nhiing loai cay rimg sau khi da dugc chgn Igc, khao nghiem thi viec

lira chgn phuong phap nhan gidng cd y nghTa rat quan trgng trong viec duy

r I

tri nhirng dac tinh tdt cila nd Hai trong nhiing phuong phap nhan gidng

duy tri dugc nguyen ven nhiing tinh trang tdt tu ddi trudc cho ddi sau la

phuong phap nhan gidng bang nudi cay md va giam bom Hai phuong phap

nhan gidng vd tinh tren cd y nghTa Idn trong viec khac phuc nhan td thdi

gian trong san xuat lam nghiep va tao ra cac cay gidng cho trdng rung ddng

vd tinh vdi nhieu uu viet: nang suat va do ddng deu cila san pham [7; 8;

11]

Viec nhan gidng cay rung bang phuong phap nudi cay md te bao va

giam hom de cung cap cay gidng tdt phuc vu trdng rimg dai tra dang la mot

hudng di dugc nhieu nude quan tam nghien cuu Phuong phap chiet va

ghep cd nhugc diem bj ban che ve sd lugng nen khdng dap ling dugc cho

yeu cau san xuat Idn theo quy md cdng nghiep

Vdi loai cay nguyen lieu giay ndi chung va tung ddng Bach dan ndi

rieng, mdi ddng hoac mot nhdm cac ddng cd the thich hgp vdi nhimg bien

phap nhan gidng khac nhau De dua dugc mot ddng ra san xuat Idn theo

quy md cdng nghiep can mot bien phap ky thuat thich hgp cho nd Viec nay

phai trai qua mot qua trinh thii nghiem cac bien phap de dieu chinh thay ddi

ky thuat cho phu hgp vdi ddng De lam chu cdng nghe san xuat gidng bang

phuong phap md-hom, can phai lam chu mot sd van de sau:

+ Ddi vdi nudi cay md:

Nudi cay md thuc vat dugc quan tam nhieu trong nhiing nam gan

day vi mot trong nhiing ung dung chinh cua nudi cay md la nhan nhanh cac

ddng vd tinh da dugc tuyen chgn Nhan gidng bang nudi cay md cd nhieu

uu diem nhu: cd be sd nhan Idn; khdng gian can cho nudi cay md nhd; la

bien phap tdt de tre hoa vat lieu nhan gidng Trong nhan gidng bang nudi

cay md, mac du tung loai, tung ddng cd ddi bdi gan gidng nhau ddi vdi mdi

trudng va dieu kien nudi cay nhung do mdi dac diem rieng cila mdi ddng

ma van cd the yeu cau nhiing xii ly, dieu chinh ca biet khac nhau ddi vdi

timg giai doan

Dua mau vao mdi trudng vd tning: khu tning md nudi cay Day la

giai doan tdi quan trgng quyet dinh toan bd qua trinh nhan gidng in vitro

Muc dich cua giai doan nay la phai tao ra dugc nguyen lieu vd trung de dua

vao nudi cay in vitro Vd tning md cay la mot thao tac khd, it khi thanh

cdng ngay lan dau tien Tuy vay, neu kien tri tim dugc ndng do va thdi gian

vd tning thich hgp thi sau vai lan thu chac chan se dat ket qua

Lira chgn mdi trudng nudi cay thich hgp trong nudi cay md la rat can

thiet Vi mdi loai, ca the cay trdng khac nhau deu yeu cau mot ham lugng

dinh dudng khac nhau Viec lira chgn mdi trudng dua vao cac tai lieu

nghien ciin cho ciing ddi tugng nudi cay hoac tham dd qua mot sd mdi

trudng d l xac dinh mdi trudng thich hgp cho mau nudi cay

Sir dung chit dieu hoa sinh trudng trong mdi trudng nudi cay de tai

sinh mot each dinh hudng cac md nudi cay Qua trinh nay dugc dieu khien

chil ylu dua vao ty le cila cac hgp chat auxin, cytokynin ngoai sinh dua vao

mdi trudng nudi cay Viec su dung chat dieu hoa sinh trudng dugc coi la

giai doan then chdt cua qua trinh De tang he sd nhan, ta thudng dua them

vao mdi trudng dinh duong nhan tao cac chat dieu boa sinh trudng (Auxin,

11

Cytokynin, Gibberellin, ), cac chat bd sung khac nhu nude dua, djch chiet nam men, ket hgp vdi cac yeu td nhiet do, anh sang thich hgp [8]

Khi dat dugc kich thude nhat dinh, cac chdi dugc chuyen tu mdi trudng d giai doan nhan chdi sang mdi trudng tao re Thudng 2 - 3 tuan, tu nhirng chdi rieng le nay se xuat hien re va trd thanh cay hoan chinh O giai doan nay ngudi ta thudng bd sung vao mdi trudng nudi cay cac auxin la nhdm bormon thuc vat quan trgng cd chiic nang tao re phu tir md nudi cay

+ Ddi vdi giam bom:

Nhan gidng sinh dudng bang hom la bien phap dang dugc phat trien rat nhanh va ap dung rdng rai vao san xuat lam nghiep Trdng rimg ddng vd tinh la hudng di nhieu trien vgng, trong dd giam hom la mot trong nhirng yeu td cd y nghTa quyet dinh Ddi vdi nhan gidng bang hom,cd vd sd nhan

td tac dgng tdi ty le ra re cila hom, vi qua trinh hinh thanh re d hom phu thude vao dieu kien ndi sinh eua cay me va vao dieu kien mdi trudng, trong

dd mot sd cdc nhan td cd anh hudng Idn la:: dac diem cua cay ea the; trang thai sinh ly ciia hom, kich thude cua hom dugc dung trong giam hom; xu ly chat kich thich ra re (loai thude, ndng do, each xu ly), thdi vu giam hom Mudn giam hom cd ty le ra re cao phai biet tien hanh d thdi vu thich hgp, sir dung chat kich thich ra re va ky thuat giam hom hgp ly Do vay giam hom de san xuat hang loat vat lieu gidng da dugc cai thien la mot bien phap

ky thuat tdng hgp bao gdm nhieu khau [5; 9]

Phan H THLTC NGHIEM

.;;

2.1 Phirong phap tien hanh nghien ciru

2.1.1 Doi tirgng nghien cuu: mot sd ddng vd tinh Bach dan uu trdi,

nang suat cao da dugc cdng nhan gidng (giai doan 2000 - 2006): PNl 16; PN3d; PN54; PN46

2.1.2 Cham sde vud'n vat lieu: Theo quy trinh ky thuat nam 2002

ciia Vien NC cay nguyen lieu giay Hang ngay tudi nude de dam bao dii do

am cho cay, thudng xuyen bdn phan, vun xdi, lam cd vudn cap hom

Ddn cay tao chdi: dugc thuc hien dinh ky, bang each dung keo cat ngang than each mat dat 20-30 cm Thu chdi de giam hom sau 25 ngay

2.1.3 Nuoi cay mo:

Su dung phuong phap nudi cay tao chdi true tiep tir mau vat nudi cay (doan chdi non), dugc bat dau bang tach dinh chdi hoac chdi nach tir cac cay djnh nhan, sau dd khu trimg va dua vao nudi cay d mdi trudng phu hgp Cac chdi dugc hinh thanh va dugc tach ra cay chuyen sang mdi trudng mdi, quy trinh cu the dugc lap lai

- Mdi trudng nudi cay: Mdi trudng Murashige - Skoog (MS) (1962)

cd bd sung 5-6g/l agar, 30 g/1 dudng va pH 5.8 dugc diing lam mdi trudng nudi cay co ban cho cac thi nghiem (TN) nudi cay in vitro Khi khao sat hieu qua ciia mdi trudng nudi cay, ndng do mot sd thanh phan dugc thay ddi thanh cac nghiem thuc cila thi nghiem De tao chdi cay thuan thuc cd kha nang ra re tdt, cac cum chdi tu mdi trudng nhan nhanh dugc chuyen sang mdi trudng phat trien chdi trudc khi dua vao mdi trudng ra re

- Dieu kien nudi cay: Binh tam giac 500 ml dugc diing lam binh nudi trong tat ca cac thi nghiem Cac thi nghiem dugc duy tri trong dieu kien nhan tao vdi:

j; i + Sd gid chieu sang: 10 h/ ngay

13

+ Cudng do anh sang: 1500 - 3000 lux

+ Nhiet do: 25 - 29 °C

Cac thi nghiem dugc bd tri hoan toan ngau nhien theo phuong phap thue nghiem so sanh (tien hanh thi nghiem theo cac Id thi nghiem, so sanh ket qua va ket luan) vdi 3 lan nhac lai, dugc quan sat theo djnh ky Thuc hien theo cac cdng thuc thi nghiem (TN):

Thi nghiem 1: Thu nghiem nudi cay nhan nhanh

Vat lieu thi nghiem: chdi non cua 3 ddng vd tinh Bach dan da dugc

f r f

cdng nhan gidng cap qudc gia (PN3d, PNl 16, PN54, PN46)

Thi nghiem dugc tien hanh vdi mdi trudng MS cai tien dua tren nen mdi trudng nudi cay MS (dugc ky hieu la MSI) Thanh phan mdi trudng: Phu luc Thi nghiem gdm cd 3 cdng thuc, mdi cdng thiic cd 3 lan lap lai, cay 5 binh tam giac cd chua 50 ml mdi trudng nudi cay, mdi binh cay 6 mau

Thi nghiem 2: Thu nghiem nudi cay phat trien chdi nham xac dinh

ddng cd kha nang nhan nhanh, 4 ddng vd tinh Bach dan dugc nudi cay tren mdi trudng trong dieu kien nudi cay gidng nhau

Vat lieu thi nghiem: chdi non ciia 4 ddng vd tinh Bach dan da dugc cdng nhan giong cap qudc gia (PN3d, PNl 16, PN54, PN46)

Thi nghiem dugc tien hanh vdi mdi trudng dura tren nen mdi trudng nudi cay MS cai tien - MS3 (dugc ky hieu la: MS3), mdi cdng thiic cay 6 mau, 3 lan lap lai Thanh phan mdi trudng: Phu luc

Thi nghiem 3: Thu nghiem nudi cay ra re

Vat lieu nghien ciin: Cac chdi tai sinh sau khi thuc hien cac thi nghiem 2 cd kich thuoc 2 - 4 cm Thi nghiem cd 3 cdng thuc, mdi cdng thuc lap lai 3 lan, cay trong cac binh tru thuy tinh 250 ml chiia 50 ml mdi trudng nudi cay co ban MS cai tien - MS2 giam 1/2 ham lugng khoang, bd sung 1.0 mg/1 ABTl va IBA d cac nong do tu 0.5 - 0.75 - 1.0 mg/1

+ Mdi trudng MR-1: MS2 giam 1/2 ham lugng khoang, bd sung 1.0 mg/1 ABTl va IBA 0.5 mg/1

+ Mdi trudng MR-2: MS2 giam 1/2 ham lugng khoang, bd sung 1.0 mg/1 ABTl va IBA 0.75 mg/1

+ Mdi trudng MR-3: MS2 giam 1/2 ham lugng khoang, bd sung 1.0 mg/1 ABTl va IBA 1.0 mg/1

- Chi tieu do dem:

Cac thi nghiem dugc bd tri hoan toan ngau nhien theo phuong phap thuc nghiem so sanh (tien hanh thi nghiem theo cac Id thi nghiem, so sanh ket qua va ket luan

Thue hien theo cac cdng thuc thi nghiem (TN):

Thi nghiem 4: Thii nghiem thdi vu giam hom, thuc hien theo thang

Thi nghiem dugc tien hanh nham: xac djnh anh hudng cila thdi vu den ty le

ra re ciia hom giam

- Chi tieu do dem:

+ Ty le ra re (%)

+ Chi sd ra re

15

- Thdi vu trong : Thang 5 - 6/2009

- Ky thuat trdng : Theo quy trinh trdng rung cua Tdng Cdng ty Giay

Viet Nam (2002) Phan bdn: bdn Idt 3 kg phan chudng boai, 200 g phan

NPK 10-5-5 Md binh dugc xu ly thue bi toan dien, cudc bd 40x40x40 cm

- Dia diem trdng : Tam Thanh (Phii Thg), Lap Thach (VTnh Phiic)

- Cac chi tieu danh gia la:

+ Sinh trudng chieu cao: chieu cao viit nggn Hvn (m)

+ Sinh trudng dudng kinh: dudng kinh gdc Dg (cm)

+ Cap sinh trudng va theo ddi tinh hinh sau benh hai

Chieu cao viit nggn (Hvn): do tu gdc sat mat dat tdi dinh nggn chinh

Dudng kinh gdc (Dg): do tai vi tri sat mat dat

- Dung cu do dudng kinh va chieu cao chuyen dung

* Cap sinh trudng ciia than cay dugc phan 3 cap:

+ Cap I (ky hieu t): Cay sinh trudng tdt, sue sdng tdt, khdng sau

benh

+ Cap II (ky hieu tb): Cay sinh trudng binh thudng

f r

+ Cap III (ky hieu x): Cay sinh trudng cham, siic sdng kem, bi sau

hoac benh lam anh hudng den sue sinh trudng

- Tinh hinh sau, benh hai dugc danh gia theo hien tugng:

+ Cd bi sau benh hai (ky hieu c)

+ Khdng bi sau benh hai (ky hieu k)

2.1.6 Phuo'ng phap xu- ly so lieu:

Sir dung phuong phap thuc nghiem so sanh, thdng ke md ta: Thuc hien thi nghiem theo cac cdng thuc thi nghiem, so sanh ket qua va ket luan

Sd lieu thu thap dugc phan tich, xir ly theo cac phuong phap thdng

ke Qua trinh tinh toan xu ly sd lieu dugc thuc hien tren may vi tinh theo chuong trinh SPSS va EXCEL va dugc md phdng bang cac bang bieu va

do thi

Cac phuong phap phan tich thdng ke [10]:

+ Kiem tra thdng ke anh hudng cila cac nhan td den cac chi tieu nghien ciin (ket qua cua thi nghiem), diing cac thu tuc phan tich phuong sai

mot nhan td va phan tich phuong sai hai nhan td vdi muc y nghTa a = 0.05

+ Kiem dinh phi tham sd cho K mau dgc lap: Dung thay cho phan tich phucrng sai mot nhan td khi cac dieu kien ddi vdi phan tich phuong sai khdng thoa man

+ Kiem tra tinh dgc lap, su thuan nhat cua cac mau dua chii yeu vao viee so sanh tan sd quan sat roi vao cac ty le mau theo tieu chuan Xn cua Pearson

1.1 Thiet bj, dung cu, nguyen vat lieu va hoa chat sir dung cho

nghien ciru

2.2.1 Trang thiet bj va dung cu:

* Thilt bi: til cay vd tning, ndi hap, may do pH, can dien tii, dieu hoa nhiet do, nhiet ke, am ke, den neon,

* Dung cu: panh, keo, dao cay, binh thuy tinh hinh tam giac 500ml, binh thuy tinh hinh tru 250 ml, dTa, den cdn

2.2.2 Hoa chat: (phu luc 2)

17

2.3 Ket qua thuc nghiem va thao luan

2.3.1 Ddnh gid khd ndng nhdn nhanh (he so nhdn in vitro cua cdc dong) vd khd ndng sinh trw&ng, phdt trien choi ciia cdc dong nghien cwu

Sau 4 tuan nudi cay, trang thai sinh trudng phat trien chdi Bach dan

in vitro dugc the hien ve chieu cao trung binh chdi, sd la trung binh/chdi,

sd chdi trung binh/cay (bang 01)

Bdng 01 Khd ndng sinh trudng phdt triin chdi Bgch ddn in vitro

ciia cdc ddng nghien cim (sau 4 tuan nuoi cdy)

2,53 2,49 3,09 1,44

So cap la TB/choi (cap) 4,2

3,6

3,4

2,6

So choi TB/cum

3,8 5,7 4,5 1,9

Cac ddng dugc sap xep theo 3 nhdm chieu cao:

+ Chieu cao TB chdi > 2,5 cm: ddng PN54 va PN3d (chieu cao chdi dao ddng tu 2,38 cm den 3,37 cm)

+ Chieu cao TB chdi tir 1,6 - < 2,5 cm: ddng PNl 16 (chieu cao chdi dao ddng tir 2,44 cm den 2,68 cm)

+ Chieu cao TB chdi < 1,6 cm: ddng PN46 (chieu cao chdi dao dgng tu 1,36 cm den 1,59 cm)

Sau 4 tuan nudi cay, sd cap la/chdi ciia cac ddng dugc chia thanh cac nhdm nhu sau:

+ Chdi cd > 4 cap la/chdi: ddng PN54

+ Choi cd cd tir 3 - 4 cap la/choi: ddng PNl 16, PN3d

+ Chdi ed < 3 cap la/chdi: ddng PN46

Sir phat sinh chdi tren cay cua cac ddng ndi tren dugc sap xep theo

cac nhdm nhu sau:

+ Cum choi cd TB >4 chdi: ddng PNl 16, PN3d

+ Cum chdi cd TB tir 3- <4 choi: ddng PN54

+ Cum chdi cd TB tir 1- <3 choi: ddng PN46

He sd nhan chdi Bach dan in vitro la chi tieu danh gia kha nang nhan

' > A f

gidng nhanh bang nudi cay in vitro cda cac ddng nghien cuu He sd nhan

chdi Bach dan in vitro dugc quyet dinh bdi sir tang sd cap la va so choi cd

tren 1 cum chdi Sau 4 tuan nudi cay, tu mau cay ban dau la 1 doan chdi

vdi 1 cap la cd chua chdi ngii, he sd nhan tang len dao ddng tu 3 - 6 lan

(ddng PN46 he sd nhan thap nhat dat 1,9; ddng PNl 16 cd he so nhan chdi

cao nhat dat 5,7 lan) Dua vao he sd nhan chdi Bach dan in vitro sau 4 tuan

nudi cay, cd the phan cac ddng nghien ciin thanh 3 nhdm: nhdm cd he sd

nhan tir 4-5 lan, gdm cac ddng PNl 16, PN3d; nhdm cd he so nhan tii 3 - 4

lan gdm ddng PN54 va nhdm cd he sd nhan tir 1 - 2 gdm ddng PN46 (bang

57,26 55,36 53,70 5,66

Loai 2

(TB) 29,82 13,99 26,31 30,33

Loai 3 (xau)

12,92 30,65 19,99 64,01

Trang thai chdi

+++

++

++

+

Ghi chii: + chdi map, cd callus; ++ chdi map TB, la xanh; +++ chdi map,

la xanh, la xde to

19

Sau 4 tuan nudi cay, trang thai chdi Bach dan cua cac ddng PNl 16, PN3d d muc trung binh (++) cay map, la xanh Rieng ddng PN54 cd trang thai chdi tdt (+++) cay map la xanh, ban la to

2.3.2 Ddnh gid khd ndng ra re ciia choi cdc dong nghien cwu

Chdi Bach dan in vitro ddng vai trd quan trgng trong he thdng nhan gidng Bach dan nudi cay md vi chdi cd the san xuat dugc quanh nam ma khdng bi phu thugc vao thdi vu Chdi cd kich thude nhd nen de dang van chuyen, ddng thdi dugc san xuat trong dieu kien in vitro nen dam bao hoan toan sach benh Trong mdi trudng tao re va dat trong dieu kien anh sang (500 - 1000 lux) tat ca cac ddng nghien ciin deu cd kha nang ra re Tuy nhien giiia cac ddng cd sir khac nhau ve thdi gian ra re, sd re/cay

Bang 03: Khd ndng ra re in vitro ciia chdi Bgch ddn (sau 2 tudn)

MR-3

MR-1 MR-2

MR-3 MR-1

MR-2 MR-3 MR-1 MR-2 MR-3

Ty le ra re

(%)

47,8 67,8

85,6

46,7 58,9

72,2 81,1

72,2 48,9 20,4 13,0 14,8

Thoi gian xuat hien re (ngay)

- Ra re sdm (sau 5-7 ngay): ddng PNl 16, PN54

- Ra re trung binh (sau >7 - 9 ngay): ddng PN3d

- Ra re mugn: (sau >9 ngay): ddng PN46

Cac ddng nghien ciin thugc cac nhdm ra re khac nhau Ddng PN46 thugc nhdm ra re mudn (9-11 ngay) Ddng ra re sdm la PNl 16, PN54 Phan Idn cac ddng cd sd re trung binh/chdi tir 2,3 den 3,3 re/chdi Rieng ddng PN46 cd sd re/chdi it hon dat 1,5-1,9 re/chdi

• PN116 BPN54 DPN3d 03PN46

Hinh 01: Ty le ra re in vitro cua cdc ddng Bgch dan

2.3.3 Ddnh gid khd ndng nhdn giong bdng hom cua dong Bach ddn nghien cwu

+ Kha nang ra re ciia hom giam:

Thdi vu giam bom la mot trong nhirng nhan td cd anh hudng rd ret din ty le ra re cila hom giam De xac djnh anh hudng cua thdi vu den kha nang ra re ciia hom cac ddng Bach dan, de tai tien hanh giam hom trong cac

thang trong nam (tu thang 3/2009 din 12/2009, ggi lan lugt tir Idn 1 din \h\

10) Vat lieu la hom choi nggn, dugc lay tir vudn vat lieu trdng tai Vien nghien ciin cay nguyen lieu giay Thi nghiem dugc su dung ddng nhat mot hon hgp thuoc bdt kich thich ra rl (ABT + IBA ) Kit qua thi nghiem dugc tdng hgp tren bang 04

21

Bdng 04: Anh hudng ciia thdi vu din khd ndng ra re ciia hom 3 ddng Bgch ddn (Idn 1- thdng 3/2009 din Idn 10- thdng 12/2009)

90,0 35,8 47,5

88,3

25,8 48,3 83,3 25,8 56,7 41,7 44,2 35,8 48,3 54,2 35,8

Chi so

ra re

30,6 31,8 40,4 28,3 30,3 38,0 25,7 21,7 48,3 25,9 36,6 27,8 21,4 33,1 36,5

Lan cam hom

Ty le ra

re

59,2 56,7 28,3 62,5 65,8 25,8

85,0

71,7 36,7 67,5 55,8 23,3 59,2 38,3 50,0

Chi so

ra re 23,3 32,9 22,7 26,7 26,8 22,0

25,5

30,6 32,6 22,6 28,0 32,5 23,3 28,0 45,8

DPN116

• PNSd BPN46

Thang Thang Thang Thang Thang Thang Thang Thang Thang Thang

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Hinh 02: Ty le ra re ciia hom cdc ddng Bgch ddn trong cdc thdng

So lieu cho thay kha nang ra rl cua hom 3 ddng Bach dan PNl 16,

PN3d, PN46 theo cac thang cd su khac nhau va kha nang ra re giiia cac ddng khac nhau rd ret Thdi vu giam hom thich hgp cho ddng PNl 16 la vao cac thang 3; 4; 5; 10 cila nam 2009 (lan 1; 2; 3; 8: phu luc 5), dat ty le ra rl tir 83,3 - 90,0 % PNl 16 la ddng cd ty le ra rl cao nhat trong cac ddng nghien cuu PN46 la ddng cd kha nang ra re kem nhat, ty le ra re <60%

+ Ty le xuat vudn va chat lugng cay con:

Sau 1,5 thang cham sde tren vudn uom, chat lugng cay hom dugc danh gia nhu sau:

+ Cay cao > 20 cm (loai 1 - tdt) dugc coi dii tieu chuan xuat vudn + Cay cao tu 17 - < 20 cm (loai 2 - trung binh)

+ Cay hom < 17 cm (loai 3 - xau)

Bdng 05: Chdt lugng cdy hom ciia 3 ddng Bgch dan

PNl 16 PN3d PN46

Chat lugng cay hom (%) Loai 1 (tot)

98,5 86,6 57,5

Loai 2 (TB)

1,5

10,5 32,8

r

Loai 3 (xau)

0,0 2,9 9,6

Ket qua tren bang 05 cho thay cay hom PNl 16 cd ty le loai 1 cao nhat, dat 98,5 %, khdng cd cay loai 3 Sau dd la cay hom PN3d, dat 86,6% cay loai 1 Cay hom PN46 cd ty le loai 2 va 3 cao hon PNl 16 va PN3d (tuong ling la 32,8 %, 9,6 %)

2.3.4 tfng dung sdn xuat cdy giong mo - hom cdy Bach dan theo hudng cong nghiep

2.3.4.1 Bdn hudng ddn nuoi cdy mo -gidm hom cho dong Bach ddn PN3d, PNl 16:

23

1 Xu ly tao vat lieu nhan giong khdi dau:

* Chat cay dk tao chdi: dl chilu cao gdc chat 10 - 20 cm tir mat dat

* Ken gdc (khoanh vd): Khoanh vd d each mat dat 10 - 20 cm, vd dugc khoanh va cat di khoang 2/3 dudng chu vi Dgn sach cd dai quanh gdc cay va tien hanh cham sde nhu lam cd, tudi nude, bdn phan Cac chdi mgc len tu chd khoanh vd dugc dua vao lam vat lieu nudi cay

2 Nuoi cay mo PN3d va PNl 16:

1 Chgn vd khic trung mdu: Mau dua vao nudi cay la chdi nggn va

chdi nach Trudc khi khu trung, cac chdi non dugc rua 4 -6 lan bang nude sach va xa phdng dudi vdi nude chay rdi dua vao budng cay vd tning Rua lai mau 4 - 6 lan bang nude cat vd tning Trang mau bang cdn 75° trong 10 giay, nia lai 3 lan bang nude cat vd tning Khii tning mau cay PN3d bang HgCl2 0,1% trong 14 pbiit; PNl 16 bSng HgCls 0,1% trong 10 phiit Sau thdi gian xii ly, mau dugc rua lai 3 lan bang nude cat vd triing

2 Tgo chdi nhdn ban ddu: Sau khi khii tning mau, dimg keo y te cat

mau thanh doan 1.0 - 2.0 cm, cay vao dng nghiem hoac binh tam giac chua mdi trudng tai sinh chdi ban dau (PN3d va PNl 16) trong mdi trudng khoang MS cai tien cd ky hieu la M3 Thanh phan mdi trudng:

- Khoang da lugng: MS cai tiln (NH4NO3: 1/2 MS; Cac chat khac: 5/4 MS)