The place-names of Dong Anh = Địa danh Đông Anh

The place-names of Dong Anh = Địa danh Đông Anh

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE

- -

NGUYEN THI SUOI LINH

THE PLACE – NAMES OF DONG ANH

MASTER THESIS ON VIETNAMESE STUDIES

Code: 60 31 60

THE SUMMARY OF MASTER THESIS Major: VIETNAMESE STUDIES

HANOI - 2012

The thesis was completed at

Institute of Vietnamese study and development science

Surpervisor : Associate Professor Nguyen Thi Viet Thanh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTROUDUCTION Error! Bookmark not defined

1 Reason for choosing the theme Error! Bookmark not defined

2 Purpose of research Error! Bookmark not defined

3 Research tasks Error! Bookmark not defined

4 Object and scope of research Error! Bookmark not defined.

6 Research method……… ………12

7 Contributions of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined

8 Thesis composition Error! Bookmark not defined CHAPTER 1: GENERAL ISSUES OF PLACE-NAME ANDError! Bookmark not defined THE PLACE –NAMES OF DONG ANH Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1 General theories of place-name Error! Bookmark not defined

1.1.1 Concept Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.2 Some features about place-name identification Error! Bookmark not

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1.1.3 Place-name classification Error! Bookmark not defined

1.2 Overview of research area Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3 Principles of surveying, classifying the place-names of Dong anh Error!

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1.3.1 Principle of surveying Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3.2 Principles of classifying the place-names of Dong AnhError! Bookmark not

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1.4 General picture of the place-names of Dong AnhError! Bookmark not defined CHAPTER 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLACE-NAMES OF DONG ANH DISTRICT Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1 Characteristic of language origin Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1.1 Place-names with pure Vietnamese origin Error! Bookmark not

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2.1.2 Group of Sino-Vietnamese origin place-names Error! Bookmark not

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2.1.3 Group of foreign language origin place-names Error! Bookmark not

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2.1.5 Group of number place-names Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1.6 Group of undefined origin place-names Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2 Composition characteristics of place-names of Dong AnhError! Bookmark not

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2.1.1 Overview of place-name complex Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2.2 Place-name complex model of ng Anh Error! Bookmark not defined 2.3 Meaning characteristic of place-names of Dong Anh Error! Bookmark not

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3.2 Historical hallmark in Dong Anh place-names Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2.1 Dong Anh - an ancient land region Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2.2.The place–names of Dong Anh are is evidence of historical ages Error!

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3.2.3 Process of changing Dong Anh place-names reflecting the step of history Error!

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3.2.4 Place-names carrying name of person or name of historical event, historical place-name Error! Bookmark not defined

3.3 Cultural features of Dong Anh place-name Error! Bookmark not defined 3.3.1 Cultural-geological issue Error! Bookmark not defined 3.3.2 Aspects of cultural life presented through place-nameError! Bookmark not

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CONCLUSION Error! Bookmark not defined REFERENCES Error! Bookmark not defined APPENDIX Error! Bookmark not defined

INTROUDUCTION

1 Reason for choosing the theme

1.1 According to the common way of understanding, the place-name is the name of natural topography, construction works, administrative units, territories, object of concern of many fields of science such as history, geography, ethnology, cultural studies

1.2 Learning about the place-name is the topic segment that is concerned by many researchers, not only linguists The place-name is not only the name of a specific object but also the historical, cultural sediments, factors belonging to the lifestyle, customs and habits of each region, smaller it is each district, each commune, even each hamlet, each village The formation, development, existence or change and loss in which a place-name often attaches to a cultural reason

or certain historical event Therefore, the research on place-name not only has linguistic significance but also brings about abundant data sources with reliable scientific foundation to many other branches of science

1.3 Dong Anh is a suburb district in the northeast of Hanoi city The whole district has an area, including 1 townlet and 23 communes The inhabitants here are relatively homogeneous about the ethnic component It may be said that, the villages and communes in Dong Anh are quite typical for the traditional village and commune model of the Vietnamese in the Northern part about the organizational structure, production mode, social institution as well as many other aspects of the material and spiritual cultural life, including language This is also the ancient land region with age-old history, famous with Co Loa relic area and related cultural micro-systems The general research

of Dong Anh place-name will bring about the scientific values of language, history, culture in the locality in particular and of Hanoi in general

1.4 With desire to learn about relatively completely and systematically the place-names in Dong Anh district according to the interdisciplinary research method to show their characteristics, formation model, development, transformation law as well as crystallized historical, cultural values after each name of village, commune, pagoda, mountain and river, road, market …we have chosen

the theme “The place – names of Dong Anh” for our doctorial thesis

2 Purpose of research

- Research the pace-name in Dong Anh in the aspects: composition characteristics, identification method, semantic characteristics, original characteristics and transformation of place-name

- Clarify the relationship between place-name and related fields such as: history, geography, ethnicity, culture, popular legend

- Through the relationship between place-name and related non-language factors, the thesis aims to discover, affirm the historical and cultural values on Dong Anh land

3 Research tasks

The thesis performs the following tasks:

- Study the theoretical issues of place-name related to the research process

- Countryside, survey the reality of place-name system in Dong Anh

- Statistics, describe and analyze the data to draw the comments on composition, identification method, language origin and meaning of factors that constitute Dong Anh place-name

- From the place-name linguistic data source, decode the issues of geography, history, culture

4 Object and scope of research

4.1 Object of research

- The object of research of the thesis is the natural and human, administrative and administrative place-names in Dong Anh district, including the names that are in use at present or existed in the past

non-4.2 Scope of study

- The scope of research of the thesis is the place-name in the whole district, including 23 communes and 1 townlet However, because the number of place-names is too large, we only research over 1288 place-names collected by the thesis

5 History of research issue

As a real science subject, Vietnamese toponymy was formed and developed for a short time (about in the middle of the 20th century) In the world, the toponymy has a longer history attaching with the name of the first toponymists such as J.J Eghi, J.W.Nagl at the end of the 19th century …

However, the notes of geographical, historical place-name in both Orient and in the West appeared from very soon

- In China, at the beginning of Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Co documented more than 4,000 place-names By the time Northern Wei, Lich Dao Nguyen wrote “Thuy kinh chu so”,

in which noted more than three thousand place-names

- At the end of the 19th century, in the West, the toponymy subject was officially appeared In

1872, J.J Eghi (Switzerland) wrote Toponymy and in 1903, J.W.Nagl (Austrian) also made the work

Toponymy In the 20th century, flourished the researches on place-name attaching to the great names

from many countries J.Gillénon (1854 - 1926) wrote Atlat French language, research the place-name in the direction of geography development A.Dauzat wrote Origin and development of place-name

propose the geographical methods to study the chronology of the place-names

Leading and reaching many achievements in building theoretical system is the Soviet toponymists

with some typical works such as E.M.Murzaev with The tendencies of researching place-names, I.U.A.Kapenko Discussing contemporary place-names, A.V.Nhikonov with General of place-names (1965); G.P.Xmolixkaja and M.V Gorbanhexki with Moscow place-names etc The person who is considered to

have most contributions to the toponymy research science is A.V Supenranxkaja with 2 great works named

Principles of toponymy and What is toponymyịa In which, including the work What is toponymy has great

value in the development of toponymy branch

b Situation of place-name research in Vietnam

The chronicle works, history of literature, geography books appearing a lot of centuries ago may be considered as the first toponymy works in our country We may tell the name of typical

works in this genre such as: Vietnamese historical summary, Vietnam Records of the Historian (Ngo Si Lien), General history summary of Vietnam, An Nam miscellaneous literary works,

Geography book (Nguyen Trai), Lich trieu hien chuong loai chi (Phan Huy Chu)…

From the middle of the 20th century, some works researched place-names in the angle of language or place-name approach in interdisciplinary science type, bring the Toponymy of Vietnam into

a real science subject Starting from the years of 70th decade – previous century, the issues of name research and theory of toponymy were taken true interest We may quote the typical works as follows:

place “Relation of ancient language in Southeast Asia through some names of river” (1967) by

Hoang Thi Chau

- “Changes in administrative geography in the French domination period” (1972) by Vu Van

Tinh

- “Method of applying toponymy in research of geography, ancient history of Vietnam”

(1984) by Dinh Van Nhat

- “Test discussion about Vietnam place-names” (1976) by Tran Thanh Tam

The research of modern toponymy must mention to Le Trung Hoa, author of the successful research work on place-names of Ho Chi Minh city and a series of other valuable researches around the field of Toponymy In addition, it is necessary to mention to the contribution of Nguyen Kien

Truong with MA thesis in Survey place-names in Hai Phong city; Tu Thu Mai with thesis

“Research place-names in Quang Tri”; Tran Van Dung researched “Place-names in Dac Lac”; Phan Xuan Dam with thesis “Survey place-names in Nghe An” and many thesises, themes of place-

names in other localities

c Issue of place-name research in Hanoi and Dong Anh district

- In the important historical documentations such as, Vietnam Records of the Historian (Ngo

Si Lien), General history summary of Vietnam, An Nam miscellaneous literary works, Geography

book (Nguyen Trai), place-names of Co Loa, Uy No, Duc Tu, Kim Hoa, Dong Do… are mentioned

attaching to the important historical events and as a unit directly under Dong Ngan district, in consideration of administrative aspect

- Dong Anh village community was mentioned in the famous books “Name of Vietnam

village community in the 19 th century”, “Thang Long – Hanoi competition-examinations villages”

- The history of formation, transformation of the administrative place-names and name of

Dong Anh village community was also introduced in the books “Dong Khanh geography book” (complied at Dong Khanh reign -1886), “Bac Ninh geography book” by Do Trong Vi, “Bac Ninh

tinh chi” by Trinh Nhu Tau, “Kinh Bac administrative geography” by Nguyen Van Huyen,

“Vietnamese country through the dynasties” by Dao Duy Anh and recently the meticulous research

work on change process of place-names and administrative border of districts, communes of Bac Ninh province through the historical periods of author Nguyen Quang Khai

- During the thesis implementation, the implementer approached to many typical research works attaching to land and people of Dong Anh, in which, the place-names in this land are

considered as the historical evidence or itself is the object of research: Book “On the land of

historical Co Loa” by late Professor Tran Quoc Vuong, Dong Anh with 1000 years of Thang Long – Hanoi published by the District Party Committee– People’s Council – People’s Committee of

Dong Anh district, Prof.Dr Bui Xuan Dinh chief editor, Co Loa monography Nguyen Quang Ngoc

and Assoc.Prof.Dr Vu Van Quan

- The research on Dong Anh place-names can not but mention to the work Meaning and origin issue of Co Loa place-name discussed by many researchers in the works and articles:

“Vietnamese country over dynasties” (Dao Duy Anh), “On the land of historical Co Loa” (Tran Quoc Vuong), “ Co Loa geography book” (Nguyen Quang Ngoc, Vu Van Quan), “Study about the

origin and meaning of Co Loa place-name” (Tran Tri Doi, Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh)…

- The place-name in Dong Anh also contributes to proving the presence, prosperity and decadence of Royal Dynasty Li on Hoa Lam mother’s village of King Li Cong Uan The development of scientists such as Assoc.Prof.Dr Trinh Binh Dy, Asso.Prof.Dsc Tran Ba Chi,

Prof.Dr Nguyen Quang Ngoc, Assoc.Prof.Dr Lam Thi Mi Dung on the sources of bibliographies, archeological documentations and place-names contribute to clarifying such significant historical secrets

In addition to the above-mentioned research works, the place-name in Dong Anh is also mentioned in the folk legends, local researches and a lot of articles, thesis, themes about Co Loa Festival, Den Sai Festival, Choosing Son-in-law Festival, Duong Yen village, singing Ca tru in Lo Khe, Puppetry Lo Khe, puppetry Dao Thuc… In such researches, Dong Anh place-names xists with all its vitalities and souls, when being associated with legend, customs, festivals …

However, most preceding researches only took interest in Loa Thanh, Mai Lam and neighboring cultural regions, in which, the place-name is only told name as historical evidences that are rarely considered as direct object of research The picture of Dong Anh place-names with 23 wide communes and townlet is only described generally and most are acknowledged in the angle of administrative unit The research on Dong Anh place-names n the interdisciplinary direction, attach special importance to the characteristics of language – history – culture is the direction chosen by

us with desire to discover and affirm more specific characteristics of this land, seeing from the angle of place-name system

6 Research method: Generally apply the methods of collection, fieldwork, description method, interdisciplinary research method of language – history – culture, analytical method,

summary, generalization

7 Contributions of the thesis

Implementing this theme, we desire to achieve the research results with scientific and

practical values, including the basic contributions:

- Point out and prove the characteristics and development law of place-name language according to the particular research methods of linguistics

- Put forth a accurate, scientific and full system of place-names in Dong Anh in the organic close relation with local history and culture

- Being an important research segment in the scientific project about overview of natural, historical, cultural, social characteristics of Dong Anh district implemented by Dong Anh district People’s Committee in coordination with the Institute of Vietnamese studies and Development science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi

8 Thesis composition

In addition to Introduction and Conclusion, the thesis includes 4 chapters:

Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical foundation of the thesis

Chapter 2: Characteristics of Dong Anh place-names

Chapter 3: The place – names of Dong Anh in the relationship with history and culture

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL ISSUES OF PLACE-NAME

AND DONG ANH PLACE-NAMES 1.1 General theories of place-name and toponymy

1.1.1 Place-name

1.1.1.1 Concept

The place-name term has origin from an ancient Greek Toponima or Topoma, Vietnamese

meaning “place name”, “name of geographical name” The place-name not only brings meaning

“land name” as pure way of understanding The place-name includes the name of all geographical objects belonging to nature (mound, hill, river, stream …), residence units (village, hamlet, province, city …), construction works existing on a defined geographic space (temple, pagoda, market, street …)

The set of place-names forms a layer of special terms in the vocabulary system of one language

Summarize the opinions of many previous researchers, we set the concept of place-name as

follows: The place-name is the fixed words or terms, used as name of natural topography,

construction works, administrative units, territories with the position defined on the earth surface 1.1.1.2 Some features about place-name identification

1.1.1.3 Place-name classification

The place-name classification is a very important operation in place-name research In the world and in Vietnam, many researches proposed the different methods of classification, depending on viewpoint, purpose of each person In this thesis, we propose the method of place-name classification according to the administrative and non-administrative, natural and non-natural criteria

1.1.2 Toponymy and aspects of place-name research

1.2 Overview of research area

1.3 Principles of surveying, classifying Dong Anh place-names

1.3.1 Principle of surveying

1.3.2 Principle of classifying Dong Anh place-names

1.4 General picture of Dong Anh place-names

Sub-conclusion: As a theoretical and practical foundation of the thesis, through chapter 1, we

presented the theoretical issues of place-name and toponymy, overview of research area and general picture of Dong Anh place-names On the basis of systemizing the theories of the preceding persons, collecting documents about research area and as a first step to judge about the system 1288 surveyed place-name, we give the following conclusions:

- The place-name is the fixed words or terms, used as name of natural topography, construction works, administrative units, territories with defined position on the earth surface

- The toponymy is a major of linguistics, researches the geographical names, explain the composition, its history of appearance and analyze the initial meaning of words constituting place-name

- For nature, the place-name is a language unit, but it is also concurrently embodiment of classes of historical, cultural, social, psychological values of ethnic people… on the land where they develop For this reason, when researching place-name, must apply the interdisciplinary methods: history, geography, cultural studies, psychology … on the basis of linguistic method as main

- Dong Anh is the second largest district of Hanoi This is the half-mountain and half-plain area “plain head, midland end” fat, holds the strategic position of geography and holds in it the special historical missions The inhabitants of Dong Anh is relatively purely about ethnic component, but this place often receives the cultural exchange flows according to the foot of migrations and economic trade activity Thus, Dong Anh bears the special cultural, historical and social values

- With desire to recognize the characteristics of language, geography, history, society, government management hallmark, urbanization appearance…, we divided Dong Anh place-names according to the criteria: administrative – non-administrative, natural – non-natural and language origin criteria Those general characteristics will be clarified in chapters 2, 3, 4 of this thesis

CHAPTER 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLACE-NAMES OF DONG ANH 2.1 Origin characteristic

Table 2.1: Classification result of Dong Anh place-names according to the language origin criteria

No Type of

place-name

Number of place-names according to the language origin Total

Pure Vietnam ese

Sino Vietnam ese

Foreign language Mixture Number Undefined Quantity Rate