Cultural changes in the Cot village in renovation period = Những biến đổi văn hóa ở làng Cót thời kỳ đổi mới

Cultural changes in the Cot village in renovation period = Những biến đổi văn hóa ở làng Cót thời kỳ đổi mới

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND

DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES

 -

NGO THI MINH

CULTURAL CHANGES IN THE COT VILLAGE

IN RENOVATION PERIOD

MASTER THESIS SUMMARY

Speciality: Vietnamese Studies

Code: 60.31.60

Hanoi - 2012

The thesis was completed in Hanoi

Scientific instructor: Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Ngoc

Reader 1:………

Reader 2:………

The thesis will be defended in the meeting of Thesis Council at the Institute of Vietnamese studies at …… o’clock on the date of…: Month……….:

Year………

The thesis can be found at:

Library and Information Center, Vietnam national University, Hanoi

CONTENTS

OPENING Error! Bookmark not defined

1 Purpose and the meaning of the subject Error! Bookmark not defined

2 Historical research issues Error! Bookmark not defined

3 Objects and scope of research topics Error! Bookmark not defined

4 The resources and research methods Error! Bookmark not defined

5 Contribution of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined

6 Layout of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined

FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRADITIONAL COT VILLAGE Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1 Geographical location and natural conditions Error! Bookmark not defined

1.1.1 Geographical location Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.2 Topography and soil Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.3 The transport system Error! Bookmark not defined

1.2 Village formation process and the administrative changes Error! Bookmark not defined

1.2.1 The process of formation Error! Bookmark not defined 1.2.2 Evolution of the village administration Error! Bookmark not defined

1.3 The features of traditional Cot village Error! Bookmark not defined

1.3.1 Cot village - an ancient Vietnamese village, situated at the gateway to the

west of the capital Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3.2 Cot village - land rich tradition of innovation Error! Bookmark not

defined

1.3.3 Cot village - land of rich cultural traditions Error! Bookmark not

defined

1.3.4 Patriotic tradition against foreign aggression and fighting spirit

indomitable resilience Error! Bookmark not defined

State the chapter 1 Error! Bookmark not defined

2

THE RENEWAL PERIOD Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1 Socio-economic situation Error! Bookmark not defined

2.1.1 The period from 1945-1954 Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1.2 The period from 1954-1975 Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.3 The period from 1976-1986 Error! Bookmark not defined

2.2 Cultural situation Error! Bookmark not defined

2.2.1 Spiritual cultural Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2.2 Material culture Error! Bookmark not defined

State the chapter 2 Error! Bookmark not defined

PRESENT Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1 Socio-economic situation Error! Bookmark not defined

3.1.1 The period 1986 - 1996 Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.2 The period from 1997 to present Error! Bookmark not defined

3.2 Cultural life Error! Bookmark not defined

3.2.1 Cultural spiritual life Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2.2 Material cultural life Error! Bookmark not defined

State the chapter 3 Error! Bookmark not defined

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS Error! Bookmark not defined 4.1 Recovery of traditional culture Error! Bookmark not defined

4.1.1 Recovery of traditional culture Error! Bookmark not defined 4.1.2 Socialization process of the restoration of traditional culture Error!

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4.2 The demand towards the culture of spirituality of the modern village

Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3 Problems arise in the process of transformation of social culture Error! Bookmark not defined

4.3.1 The environment Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3.2 Immigrants Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3.3 For security and social vices Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3.4 The land Error! Bookmark not defined

State the chapter 4 Error! Bookmark not defined CONCLUSION Error! Bookmark not defined REFERENCES Error! Bookmark not defined

2

PHỤ LỤC 1PL

INTRODUCTION

1 Purpose and the meaning of the subject

Village is an object of scientific study of history, culture and education, archeology, both extensive and complex, attracting many generations and many research achievements However, the study was mainly derived from the approach to economics, history education, sociology In recent years, Vietnam Studies majors with interdisciplinary research methods and study area has a life and growing Along with the development, innovation and integration of the country, Vietnamese village also has been "change meat" and puts the new character designs Therefore, studies of villages, of farmers, village culture still is and will be key issues for the general science and social science in particular

The study of the village changes, cultural village on the field, through the period

of development, especially in the current period of innovation is essential The meticulous research, science will help us realize right, get the overall look to assess the development of the villages in the modern context Moreover, research results will form the basis of practical science and logic to their explanation, proposed to be developing

in the future village from the village of specific practices

Derived from the meaning and practice of science, we have chosen the theme: "Variations in the village of Cot cultural innovation period" as the master's dissertation topic, Vietnam specialized studies

2 Historical research issues

- Group of research of foreign scholars: Farmers Tonkin Delta (1936) by Pierre Gourou, Facing the future, recovery past: a study of social change in a northern village

in Vietnam (1999) author John Kleinen, Culture, Ritual and Revolution in Property VN's Kingsley village in delta Red River: the unresolved issue (2002) to the scholar Olivier Tessier, Nelly Krowolski

- Group of research by scholars:

In the first trend, we must first mention the works: The organizational structure of Vietnamese traditional village in the northern (Nguyen Tu Chi, 1984), Vietnam Village - a social and economic problems (Phan Dai Doan, 1992), on a number of village shops at the northern delta XVIII-XIX century (Nguyen Quang Ngoc, 1993)

The work values and traditions and people of Vietnam today (Phan Huy Le and Vu Minh Giang editor, 1996), ministerial-level: Rural Culture in Development (Institute of Culture - Ministry of Culture, 2000) State-level theme: rural Development in Vietnam from traditional villages to modern civilization (Vu Trong Khai, Do Thai, Pham Bich Hop editor, 2004) are attracting major research many scientists involved

The second trend of research scholars VN is specific circumstances of each village: Village Vietnamese work of Diep Dinh Hoa (1994) gave a comprehensive

picture of the Vietnamese village It writes about Dan Loan village "village

communes of Vietnam through the village of Dan Loan case" Some problems in the

villages of Vietnam (2009), Nguyen Quang Ngoc has studied the process of establishing the village as well as economic situation, political society and culture

of an ancient land is Nhan Quyen commune, Binh Giang district, Hai Duong Besides the study villages of Vietnam in general so they also need to

mention the study of Yen Hoa These include a number of works such as: From To

river to Nhue river (address) (Do Thinh - 1986); Cau Giay district - the formation and development (Vu Hong Khanh, Nguyen Thuy Ngoc, Nguyen Manh Hung-

2000); Regulation, democratic convention Yen Hoa ward (Ward People's Committee of Yen Hoa - 2000); Culture, historical monuments and landscapes,

Centre for UNESCO protected cultural development of the people of Vietnam,

pg.234; pg.248-249 (Trinh Doan Doan - 2002); a family has many great ancient

science in a suburban village, Han Nom report 2003, pg.16-19 (the Anh - 2003); Student community spirit through a religious inscription in an ancient village academy, Han Nom report 2003, pg.171-173 (Bui Xuan Dinh - 2003); Cau Giay-10 years of construction and development (01/09/1997-01/09/2007) (Nguyen Duc

Huong, Le Van Luan, Nguyen Chi My - 2007); A hospitality area (study Encouragement Association Cau Giay district, Hanoi - 9/2007); Tu Liem of

Contents (Book of the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long, HN - 2010), Historic - cultural Cau Giay (Nguyen Doan Tuan editor, Phan Khanh, Le Van Lan - 2010), Yen Hoa thousand years of land title incense: Celebrate 1000 years of Thang Long-

Hanoi (Nguyen Minh Hieu and Hoang Ngoc Diep, Doan Long - 2010),ect

3 Objects and scope of the research

+ Study subjects:

Study subjects we selected the village of Ha Yen Quyet (other name is Cot) now the village of Yen Hoa, Yen Hoa ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi Ha Yen Quyet full convergence characteristics of a rural village delta renovation period, a village typical of the tradition of hospitality, on the cultural values, history is also reserved to today

+ Scope of study:

The transformation of the village were culture we learn the following aspects: the transformation of natural conditions and the formation of villages, the socio-economic development lead to the transformation of culture, education, too building cultural life modern times in the overall process of formation and development of the village But we focus more on the transformation of the village from 1986 to present By this stage marked the innovation process in a comprehensive way associated with the period of industrialization and modernization, urbanization, the development of science and technology towards modernization, emerging collision between old and new, between tradition and modernity, between conservation and development, between adaptation and change

4 Resources and research methods

+ The resources:

The first resource is the work, materials about the feudal village: Dai Nam

nhat thong tri, Dai Nam record, address book Du Dia Chi of Nguyen Trai, History ward revolution Yen Hoa Based on this work we have been the common

understanding of the old village, the village of Cot compare traditional and modern The second data source notes the French are now stored at the Central Archives Department and the National Library of Vietnam This is an important document for us

to learn about the field of economic and socio-cultural village of Cot

The third resource material collected during fieldwork in the locality including written documents, physical documents About writing materials, we collected fairly complete bibliography of the ancient village (land register, conventions or ordained, god built, sharp mind .), the inscription documents, sentences, of self, family genealogy (family tree they Hoang, the Nguyen)

Typically the following: Bach Lien see the original sign-up at the library Han Nom, the translation of Hoang Thuc Tram in 1966 (Nguyen Quang Dich - 1833); Spirit

area, the god of the tutelary in church Cot village (Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay

District, Hanoi); The legend of the Holy Cao Son (Historians Resources Institute, the Institute of Han Nom); The Nguyen family tree (the current document The Nguyen Van Son), Social convention Ha Yen Quyet (Translation) (Dich Vong, Hoai Duc, Pham Thi Thoa (translation) - 1917); Securities commune of Ha Yen

Quyet (Total Dich Vong, Tu Liem district, Hoai Duc, Ha Dong - 1930), Guidelines traditional rituals Cot village (Yen Hoa Ward); Question booklet in 1996

(Materials of the house of Nguyen Van Son); In that Bach Lien see the original

sign is ancient books still exist to this day The book by Nguyen Quang Dich in Ha

Yen Quyet village written in Han in Minh Mang No.14 (1833) In addition, we also

collected records of the village relics such as: relics resume of Ha Yen Quyet

Family House Resolution (Cultural and information facilities of HN - 1993), Curricula vitae historic church the Hoang (Cultural and information departments

hanoi - 1994), Curricula vitae historic church the Nguyen Nhu Uyen (Cultural and information facilities of HN - 1994), Curricula vitae historic church architecture

the Nguyen Yen Hoa (Cultural and information departments hanoi, 1994)

+ Research methods:

Dissertation research methods applied in the direction of the area to learn to do research mainstream Research methods in the direction of history primarily to fully exploit the historical source, the information and materials on the village of Cot When research on issues related to our current investigation in the form of using sociological surveys, in-depth interviews conducted over the last try of the elders in the village on the changes of villages in different periods of history

5 Contribution of the thesis

First of all, the thesis was collected and the system provides additional research materials on an ancient village rich cultural traditions in the process of urbanization and strong change towards modernity

The second, the thesis presents an overview of natural conditions, the formation and the basic characteristics of the traditional village of Cot

The third: A comparison, for the village of Cot-way stage before and after renovation to transform the culture of a northern delta villages on the basis of economic development of society

The final: On the basis of the state of the cultural changes Cot village, thesis

given the overall development trend of the future village of Cot

6 Layout of the thesis

Chapter 1: The natural conditions, the formation and characteristics of the

traditional village of Cot

Chapter 2: Culture Cot village before the renewal period

Chapter 3: Culture Cot village renewal period to the present

Chapter 4: Culture Village Cot: transform the situation and development trends

CHAPTER 1: THE NATURAL CONDITIONS, THE FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF COT 1.1 Geographical location and natural conditions

1.1.1 Geographical location

Cot village have beautiful natural-terrain located to the west gate of the the capital stock; a place to exchange directly between the inner suburban areas are separated by the To Lich river Village close to Nghe villages (Nghia Do village) has ordained traditional paper, near with Buoi village (Yen Thai Ward) is a popular paper craft, adjacent to the Vong village (Dich Vong Ward) is a village with a long career as nuggets, adjacent the To Lich river and is located on the provincial road in the city center So, Yen Hoa has favorable conditions for the development of traditional industries, expand exchanges economic - social and circulation of goods with the surrounding area

Yen Quyet located west of the city, from Yen Quyet into the city center is only about 6km So any news from the city quickly moved to Yen Quyet and the city where this fluctuation is usually the refuge of the king of the dynasty

Today, Cot village of Yen Hoa ward (before in 1996 is Yen Hoa commune), Cau Giay District, Hanoi City The village is located in the centre of Cau Giay District (formerly part of Cau Giay of Tu Liem district, Quoc Oai, Son Tay Town;

1831 Cau Giay district of Tu Liem, Hoai Duc, Hanoi province)

Current boundaries of the village: the east ward Lang Thuong (Dong Da district), the west and Dich Vong Hau and My Dinh Commune (Tu Liem district),

on the south by Trung Hoa, Quan Hoa Ward to the north border

1.1.2 Topography and soil

Cot Village with relatively flat terrain, the difference in height between the highest and lowest place is not large (about 7m) so scattered over the fields formerly low mound

In soil, the village's land is not fertile as other regions of the northern plain In the village there is alternating between good land and no good land, land distribution is not uniform Although located near the village of To Lich river but still lack the alluvial soil is not enriched by every year The soil conditions are not fertile but villagers still trying to overcome to be able to rely on agriculture

1.1.3 The transport system

In the history, Cot village had crossed the provincial road, the village also village road in the middle of the village The main road connecting the hamlets in the

inter-village, inter-village roads remain almost intact (now open wider, asphalt, concrete) Those small road in neighbors or in the region end of the village, zones dilated people is because new be do add in recent years From Cot village into the center of Hanoi there are ways but the most common way that people often go through Cot bridge and Lang road

In the village of Cot had ponds, lakes and ponds systematic especially this system in addition to providing water for the population also provides irrigation water for agriculture

1.2 Village formation process and the administrative changes

1.2.1 The process of formation

Yen Hoa is an ancient land, the "Du dia chi": Yen Hoa of Chau Dien (that is Yen Lang, Quoc Oai, Son Tay province) is one of 15 the land of the Hung Vuong building nation [11, pg.9] Since ancient times, the ancient Vietnamese were present on the strip and tied to farms to produce and protect the fruits of their labor

Ke Cot is name in the language of the ancient Vietnamese, have from time

to only residents of Hung Vuong, village hamlets of a region, a country Moreover,

"It was in the system ancient village of Tu Liem district formerly: Ke Mo, Ke La,

Ke Canh, Ke Vong, Ke Moc, Ke Buoi From this name, the researchers of language, historical, archaeological and ethnographic studies confirmed the birth and existence of Ke Cot from before the domination of the North"[9, tr.14]

In 1978, when digging To Lich river people found the coffin with hollow stems Inside the coffin there are some artifacts archaeologists dating of early AD, over 2000 years ago This proved the ancient Vietnamese to Yen Hoa to land to build villages

1.2.2 Evolution of the village administration

Table 1.1: Evolution of the village of Cot

Yen Hoa Ward was established on the basis of Yen Hoa is one of the eight wards in Cau Giay district, Hanoi Ward has an area of 207.2 hectares of natural cover along the To Lich river with 9204 inhabitants, a population of 22,000 people ( in 1996)

1.3 The traditional features of Cot village

1.3.1 Ke Cot- an ancient Vietnamese village, situated at the gateway to the west

of the capital

Ke Cot is an ancient land, based on the archaeological dig in To Lich river in

1978 people was found a coffin with the same hollow tree relics identified early AD, the following over 2000 years This proved the ancient Vietnamese came here to live Since Thang Long becoming the capital of Dai Viet (in 1010), Ke Cot is the gateway to the west of the capital, near the city, convenient transportation to any political events taking place in the inner city were impact on the village Through the feudal dynasty, when in the chaos, the head office move often Tu Liem area which is nearest Cot village: "Ly Hue Tong king (the May in 1215) and Le Chieu Tong king (the September in 1510) move to Yen Quyet village to make cottage meeting the court "[24, pg.14]

The capital is the focus of the country's elite, while the capital is also home to quickly acquire the Oriental and the West culture Because daily contact with the capital

to the village of Cot also quickly acquire cultural essence, polite manners and lifestyle

of city dwellers

1.3.2 Ke Cot - a land rich in tradition innovative and labor

Yen Hoa people from the life is still the hard-working people, suffered hard Although grown in an area of agricultural land but Yen Hoa people always take advantage of a peri-urban areas for professional development bridging the gap in those days "harvest", ensuring stability for the life themselves and their families Cot village’s agricultural associated with farming, tending and harvesting the rice, cash crops These crops are mainly grown by family size, grown in fields

or in gardens In the old family also planted many fruit trees and some timber trees The livestock: human Cot villagers soon Livestock Development Especially popular village sow, pig pen powder of high weight In the old village churches have the custom of the adjacent pig host festival village head Ranching to get traction with an important role in agricultural production

Besides the diversified agriculture, village of Cot also craft of traditional gold and silver as money, serving as snacks Gold profession code: Cot village also serving

as gold bullion, gold leaf used in ceremonial occasions Gold bullion has a career long, originally it was made at harvest, avoiding the waste of time, increase household income This is a profession is considered as "professional" of some families In Ha Yen Quyet making is highly developed snacks, assorted donuts, cakes away, vegetarian cake is usually the "store" (order) to bring to market the internal market, suburban Still the most famous rolls Cot not inferior rolls rolls Thanh Tri, Hanoi

is the favorite

In the village of ancient Tu Liem district, the village of Cot with Mo, La, Canh more famous, so popular has the adage: "The first Mo, the second La, the third Canh and Cot." And in the craft villages of the most prominent role is the role

of women, they are diligent, hard to find stuff to learn Fishing: "Men in Ke La, woman in Ke Cot" said the make up of people who are resourceful girl in Yen Hoa village that throughout the Thang Long-Hanoi knows

1.3.3.1 A land rich in historical and cultural

Ke Cot have many historical and cultural relic, architectural molding attached to the name of their homeland So far the village has many relics ranked

historical-cultural as communal houses, Ngoc Quan pagoda

Cot home is where the ceremony, meetings, festivals and activities of the villagers were built long ago, but sketchy After multiple family moved to 1832 13th Minh Mang with eight adjacent dignitaries united efforts to build the home in

"The Garden" (where the current home)

Ngoc Quan pagoda by Thuong Huy and the Quan builts in camps outside the

"Deposition" (the wheel), the new camp with a communal turn to the pagoda today There was a large bronze bell was cast from the Tay Son in Ngoc Quan pagoda

In addition, the village also has a network of temples as Cho temple, Ca temple, Pagoda temple Along with the current system to church to worship their ancestors and their cultural celebrities like churches the Nguyen (the family Nhu Uyen), the Hoang, Nguyen Van Son and their tombs system has historical value long time

1.3.3.2 An academic village

Cot village have been tradition of hospitality, there are 20 doctors have been recorded in Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giam, is one of five villages "Science table" of Thang Long, which is one "Mo - La - Canh- Cot " Since ancient times people take care the school examination in Yen Hoa to recruit top talent to take on the water, consider this one of the major villages and communes with "The literature" caring learning regulations; have "Van Chi" to the church school, "Field study" to donation who passed

Among the academic village of Thang Long - Hanoi, Yen Hoa is a village with many achievements in examinations (both university faculty, secondary science and elementary science) The reign of Ly - Tran always cared for the school examination system to recruit top talent to take Ha Yen Quyet on Tran dynasty had Hoang Quan Chi bordered by the First Thai student science exam Rooster, Quang Thai dating to the 6th (1393), Thuan Tong king, to attend court as to the competence of the hospital, which led to the examination system of the ancient land and Yen Hoa ward today

Examination year of the Ox (in 1469) Le Thanh Tong king in the village there were applications tools Nguyen Nhu Uyen II exam and adjacent parking came Dr (Royal gland) And then he made relating to Ministry of Attorney Clerk cum gather (Principal) Imperial Academy

The name of did the radiant Dr Yen Quyet homeland The village of Cot has become one of the twenty villages "academic" of the country's feudal period and one year village "academic" typical soil Menstruation thousand years of civilization

1.3.4 Patriotic tradition against foreign aggression and fighting spirit indomitable resilience

Yen Hoa people's patriotic tradition against foreign aggression and indomitable fighting spirit for a long time From the sixth century Ly Nam De king fortress built to resist the invaders in the area Yen Quyet and upstream along the To Lich river In this struggle, the people of Yen Quyet has been actively engaged in combat, the remaining evidence to date is the temple (temples and shrines In Between) worshiped two female princess of the king's minister

In the war against the Ming invaders led by the Ho (1406 - 1407), Nguyen Quang Minh is the place for enforcing the state's General Government control in the Ho and Hoang Cong Tinh - son of Hoang Quan Chi in Tran dynasty have fought bravely

The Nguyen with Nguyen Van Sau, director learning his son Nguyen Van Thanh as the revolt of the Le Van Khoi against oppression reign of Minh Mang (1820-1840) He was arrested and taken to Hue to death

In the last two times against the French colonialists occupied Hanoi, Yen Hoa civil war fought bravely under the command of the sect of militants in the court in the land of Yen Hoa ward, Cau Giay As a result villagers kill two official commander is three F.Gac-ni-e in Hanoi was first occupied (21.12.1873) and the official's private H.Ri-vi-e occupied during the second Hanoi (in 1883) on the territory of his country

The insurrections against French first row XX TK but failed the patriotism of our people in general and in particular Yen Hoa people still smoldering in the hearts and wills of people Spirit when the winds of patriotic and revolutionary blow to the powerful flare up

The village of Cot is the place to witness many great historical events of HN

in particular and the nation's history in general Learn the history of the village of Cot partly help us understand more about the historical events have affected the village The historical events that certainly impacts on the cultural life of the community spirit Cot village residents over the years

CHAPTER 2: CULTURE COT VILLAGE BEFORE THE RENEWAL PERIOD

2.1 Socio-economic situation

2.1.1 The period from 1945-1954

Under the feudal colonial, Yen Hoa has strongly influenced the colonial economy built by the French after the capture of the HN

Compared to other parts of the suburbs, villages Cot is a less colonial and feudal system of land appropriated to the economy but not intensive agriculture to economic activity at home is also erratic income So the French have also aggressively collect taxes: taxes rivers, fair tax, house tax, land tax but most barbaric thing called tax collection body, a body of three same tax rate (equivalent to one quintal of rice at the time)

With all the policy rule, heavy exploitation of French colonialism and feudalism, the people of Yen Hoa is poverty, lack of material and cultural backwardness, and spirit The life of poverty was rife with unfairness as to make conflict between class exploitation with the exploited classes, between people and the French and tougher minions Farmers want the land, to escape exploitation, artisans want employment, youth desire democratic ideal All strata are even hatred simmering, ready to break the chains of slavery, independence and freedom

2.1.2 The period from 1954-1975

* Land reform and build new relations of production (1954-1960)

After liberation, Yen Hoa difficulties as a result of colonial conquest

Important job is stable at the time the people's life, gradually restoring production and social activities

The care education, building schools for children are conducted expeditiously and medical work to protect people's health is correct, the toilet is deployed, the blow is organized according to taste life new life put people's lives gradually become more stable

To complete the national democratic revolution the people, carried the slogan farmers having land, the north country to implement the land reform October 1955, Hanoi City Committee plans to restore and develop the industry, gradually solve difficult for the people, the land reform carried out in the suburbs Implementation of this policy, in mid-1956 land reform in Yen Hoa commune in particular and in general all basically been completed

In agricultural production, in 1958 many institutions have modified the activities such as neighborhood school, neighborhood market Temple in 1959, the cooperative neighbors, neighbors farm, Dinh was established neighbors To 1960, the Cooperative Supply objective was reorganized into cooperatives textile Yen Hoa Nguyen Van Tuu is the team work as demobilization

The victory of the 3-year plan for socialist reform and economic development - culture (1958-1960) was initially established the socialist relations

of production, creating a profound shift From the village was destroyed after the war, craft stalled villagers efforts move forward to build the village during the socialist revolution

* Planning the first five years (1961-1965)

a Manufacturing industry

On the craft of making paper, more than a year after the Democratic and Republican operatives are established, in August 1962 of two operatives merged into the Democratic operatives with about 240 members, 40 women workers, by Dao Van Thi as chairman Cooperative production of goods increasingly rich as roneo paper, copy paper, invitations, cardboard cooperatives also pay attention to build infrastructure such as pulp mill cabins, wharves cover, cooking cauldron that dip tank covers technical focus stage, increasing labor productivity for members

In the cooperative industry in this period must also mention Summing Thinh

- food processing facilities Staples as tofu, rice, milled rice to serve the people In

1962, the cooperative also produces more malt, wine, sorghum, tapioca filter, cassava bread, sugar juice,

b Agricultural production

Agricultural production is very difficult here, most farmers are not fluent in plowing and harrowing, transplanting and harvesting The most serious is to harvest the winter rain floods, cooperative neighborhood school did not mobilize enough manpower to germinate rice were much larger failures Under these circumstances, is common and learning from experience production cooperatives Dong Xuan (Spring Mount), high-level operatives in Phu Gia village scale, cooperative neighborhood school has made progress In late 1961, the cooperatives have carried goods to capital goods prices move higher However, the development of agricultural cooperatives is