Drum occupation in red river delta (case study of Doi Tam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province) = nghề làm trống ở đồng bằng sông Hồng (nghiên cứu trường hợp làng trống Đọi Tam, xã Đọi Sơn, huyện Duy Tiên, tỉnh Hà Nam)

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES

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PHAN THI HUONG GIANG

DRUM OCCUPATION IN RED RIVER DELTA (CASE STUDY OF DOI TAM DRUM VILLAGE, DOI SON COMMUNE, DUY TIEN DISTRICT,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Error! Bookmark not defined

1 Reason for topic selection Error! Bookmark not defined

2 Scientific and practical meaning 5

3 Objects and scope of the study 5

4 History of issue study Error! Bookmark not defined

5 Studying method Error! Bookmark not defined

6 Structure of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined

Chapter 1: FORMATION CONDITIONS OF DRUM PRODUCTS IN DOI TAM VILLAGE Error! Bookmark not defined

1.1 Cultural space of Doi Tam drum village Error! Bookmark not defined

1.2 Drum founder Error! Bookmark not defined

1.3 History of drum craft village Error! Bookmark not defined

Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF A DOI TAM DRUM Error! Bookmark not defined

2.1 Productional materials Error! Bookmark not defined

2.1.1 Wood Error!

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2.1.2 Leather Error!

2.1.3 Other materials Error!

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2.2.1 Sawing tools Error!

2.2.2 Planing tools Error!

2.2.3 Cuttingtools Error!

2.2.4 The other tool Error!

2.3 Productional techniques Error! Bookmark not defined

2.3.1 Leathering Error!

2.3.2 Drum body manufacturing Error!

2.3.3 Drumhead stretching Error!

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2.3.4 Drum painting and maintaining 42

Chapter 3: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN DRUM PRODUCTS OF DOI TAM VILLAGE Error! Bookmark not defined

3.1 The traditional drum Error! Bookmark not defined

3.1.1 Thunder Drums: Error!

3.1.2 Large drum Error!

3.1.3 “De” (base) drum Error!

3.1.4 “Khau” (mouth) drum Error!

3.1.5 “Bong” drum Error!

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3.1.6 “Manh” drum Error!

3.1.7 “Chien” (fighting) drum Error!

3.1.8 “Ngu loi” drum Error!

3.1.9 Paper tambourine Error!

3.2 Drum of the ethnic group Error! Bookmark not defined

3.2.1 Acur drum Error!

3.2.2 “Ghi nang” drum Error!

3.2.3 “Tang sanh” drum Error!

3.2.4 “ Hagunsit” drum Error!

3.2.5 Paranung drum Error!

3.3 Modern Drum Error! Bookmark not defined

3.3.1.Jazz Drum Error!

3.3.2 “Seng” drum 64

3.3.3 Meca drum Error!

3.3.4 “Sai dam” drum Error!

Chapter 4: DRUM PRODUCTS IN DAILY LIFE OF DOI TAM Error! Bookmark not defined

4.1 Effects of drums occupation economic life of Doi Tam village Error!

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4.2 Effects of drum occupation on cultural life of Doi Tam village Error!

4.3 Effects of drums occupation on social life Doi Tam village 78 4.4 Open issues Error!

CONCLUSION Error!

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REFERENCES 99 LIST OF INFORMANTS 103

INTRODUCTION

1 Reason for topic selection

- Since a long time ago, drum is a mean of communication of many ethnic groups, including the Kinh Drum involves in many human events such as notifying events of the village (dyke maintenance, flooding, fire, etc.), notifying festivals, funeral, etc

- The drum is a cultural product of each region, each ethnic group

- Over the course of historical development, nowadays, drum is still a mean of communication, an important musical instrument in the cultural life of the nation

- In the past, Red River delta that has many drum village such as Lieu Thuong ( Duong Hao, Hung Yen), Doi Tam (Duy Tien, Ha Nam),

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Tong Xa (Yen Xa, Y Yen, Nam Dinh), Gia Vinh (Thanh Thuy, Thanh Oai, Ha Tây) But now Doi Tam is only drum village in this area

- In major festival including 990th, 1000th anniversary of Thang Long – Hanoi, there was participation of great thunder drum as well as spectacular drum teams They are all products of craftsmen in Doi Tam village

- Being located 60km far from the Capital and limited in development of a craft village, the reputation of Doi Tam village has not been known yet

For the desire of discovering products of Doi Tam village from formation, material, structure and classification, the writer wants to get closer access to the life of a craft village in northern delta Also, the writer wants to go further to find out shortcomings and disadvantages of the village and propose solution to make the village and its products more complete and public

2 Scientific and practical meaning

* Scientific meaning: The thesis will contribute to enrich the materials sources on the village The drum product of the village will be systematically presented from formation conditions and factors, type of

drums to its meaning to people’s lives in the Doi Tam village

* Practical meaning: Studying the products of Doi Tam village, the writer also has closer approach to the village life in all aspects of economy, society and culture, to see not only the achievements but also shortcomings and short-term limitation of the village

3 Purpose of the study

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- Purpose: Find out drum products of Doi Tam village from tradition

to modern type and have holistic view of Doi Tam drum craft village in term of economy, culture and society, etc

4 Objects and scope of the study

- Objects of the study: studied objects of the thesis are drum products

of Doi Tam Craft village – a typical drum making village in Red River

delta

- Scope of the study: Thesis on traditional and modern products of Doi Tam village (Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province), in which the thesis focuses on studying traditional products of Doi Tam village

5 History of issue study

There is hardly any intensive document on drum of the village Products of Doi Tam is mentioned much in internet journals such as Ha Nam Portal, marketing websites of enterprises in Doi Tam or e-journals

Basing on materials of culture books, practical experience and materials from internet, the writer has selected, systemize them to present

her specific idea in the thesis of “Drum occupation in red river delta (case study of Doi Tam drum village, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province)”

6 Studying method

- Historical method

- Ethnological fieldwork method

7 Structure of the thesis

Besides the introduction, conclusion, the thesis will include 4 chapters:

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Chapter 1: Formation conditions of drum products in doi tam village Chapter 2: Components of a doi tam drum

Chapter 3: Traditional and modern drum products of doi tam

village

Chapter 4: Drum products in daily life of doi tam

PRODUCTS IN DOI TAM VILLAGE

1.1 Cultural space of Doi Tam drum village

Doi Tam or Giap Ba, Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province is a separate administrative unit established during the separation

of villages Doi Son is located in the South East of Duy Tien district

Doi is a sacred mountain; name in Han script is “Long Doi Son” (Dragon mountain) At the foot of the mountain there is a well deep into the mountain like dragon’s mouth There are 9 natural wells near Doi River According to ancient notions, this is the land of the king, thus there are a lot of brick Han tombs

1.2 Drum founder

Drum career has existed for very long time, no one remembers They only know that Mr.Nguyen Quy Cong or Phuc Nang in Han script is now being worshiped as the founder and founder’s grave is built as imperial tomb in the eastern side of Doi Mountain On anniversary of the founder’s death – January 07th each year is the actual evidence proving the living of drum career in the lives of local people

1.3 History of drum craft village

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Before the Queen mother Y Lan and the king Ly Nhan Tong came Doi Son to build Long Doi Son pagoda (1118), Doi Tam drum village had been over 200 years old

During feudal time, the drum career of the village was undeveloped Drums were used only for festival or emergency of the village such as patrolling, dyke maintenance, etc

In subsidy period, drum craft of the village developed at wider scale but still fragmented

Innovation time brought back many changes to Doi Tam drum making village People got interested in their spiritual lives, pagodas and temples were built everywhere leading to the demand for drums And in November, 2007, the village was granted with the credit of “Typical Craft Village of Vietnam” by Vietnam Association of Craft Villages

Conclusion 1

Thus, in the point of cultural origin, Doi Tam drum craft village locates in the hollow land of Red River delta with the history of 1000 years Legend has it that the founder of this craft was Mr Nguyen Duc Nang and his grave was built in the eastern side of Doi Mountain January 7th of each year is the death anniversary as well as the important festival

of the village Over stages of development: difficult feudal, undeveloped subsidy time and widely and strongly developed transitional time, by now, Doi Tam village has produced drums serving people nation wide

Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF A DOI TAM DRUM 2.1 Productional materials

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2.1.2 Leather:

Used to trap buffalo skin drum, is a material commonly used in the production of empty villages in many rural areas in the country When someone ordered the large drum, Doi Tam artisans themselve buying the health, big buffalo back to They will flesh of the ox Male buffalo skin is thick, crispy, the cost is high For buffalo skins for drums, as selected taboos fat buffalo skin because the skin-fat, no guest drum noises and can not be dried, when wet weather rot prone skin, reducing the durability of the drum

When purchasing leather, choosing the more wrinkled skin, sparsehair

is silver and old buffal After the purchasing of buffalo skin, the workers have planed, shaved, took the kidney out, but would have to know to reach for good drumming Next, they stretch the skin to sun exposure on the iron frame About two days After sun exposure, if not used immediately, they must

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maintain good standing buffalo skin because if experience wet conditions, skin prone to mold, broken When tight skin, the worker have to know the right way up place, dinner of the skin, the sound of the drum will circular

2.1.3 Other materials

- Song Trees: used to do the belt of the drum

-Bamboo: Bamboo is split into stagnation The stagnation will played

on the drum skin

- Paint: Past, Doi Tam artisans used Vietnam paint to paint the drum, now they use western paint Drums are often painted red, with space given that the black paint, children's drums, they may more colors: blue, white…

2.2 Productional tools

2.2.1.Sawing tools

Previously, craft workers use a hand saw to cut wood, sawn drum chips The vertical saws are long saws, “melon seeds” saws Recently, workers have used a chainsaw, it's sawmills into long slabs, cutting machine crushed

2.2.2.Planing tools

Tools to ensure that, in a stand cell (Cell body length of about 30cm, width of about 28cm) chips used totrim edges drum) horizontal cells (made from a piece of wood about 25cm long, hovering on the edge of a curve) cells used to drum for smooth, smooth) Tools to cell the skin are affectionately cell, cell range, cell

2.2.3 Cutting tools

- The Brain is a tool for scraping drum for smooth

- Opaque thigh: a piece of wood 40cm long, 5cm wide, used to type, play the belt of the drum

2.2.4 The other tool: include blow pipe, crabs

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2.3 Productional techniques

2.3.1 Leathering

When buying skin on, spread right down to the meat back up Then scrape the skin to There are two ways to skin, traditional methods are "cells" columnand how to do it "table cell": to get a piece of wood, may be a pair

of wooden planks, placed onthe skin, then crucified kept around or pull the cord (taken awl punchskin, insert wire into the surroundings, tied

to a bamboo frames quares) Then the worker will proceed stretch the skin

on the frame by nailing orwiring

2.3.2 Drum body manufacturing

Purchase of fresh jackfruit wood soaked in lime to bring When used, salvaged wood, rinsing with water, lime and water outall the dirt, filth stick When wood is drained, it will be dried

+ wooden box

Tree is split into slabs, sheets, depending on customer requirements, which cut each log into certain size Previously, sawn timber workers also used a hand saw with a chainsaw now, improve labor productivity

+ Modeling particle

The worker will follow customer requirements in terms of Aneurysm

of the curvature effects that make space available for proper chip According

to tradition, the workers of Doi Tam drum curvature divided into three types: interest, four soldiers, the military

+ Split chips

Drum chips sawn angles and curves Each particle of about 1-1.5

cm thick After cutting is completed, the workers must check all just cut

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jagged edges on both sides of shavings, chips to the edges flat and smooth Thickness, thin shavings of space depends on size of fruit boxes do

Drum to the particle size to cut thicker

+ Pairing chips

Get a pair of two chips together, so that the backs of two miles insize fit the curvature of the press From the first pair with the second chips to finish, the second chip with third chip And so, in turn trans plant until the chips to do, so that the finalparticle pair had just "fit" with the first chip After checking the curvature as well as the joints between the chip,could be used in The next stage is to do "advance belt" Splitting the bamboo into yarn, wrap therope way The length of the belt

by peripheral drum so that "hug" fit the drum Temporary wrap belt was done,

in which chips up drum Sort Order: chip 1, chip 2, 3, 4, 5

Assembled into finished shaped drums to the stage of "cool" Use a knife to chip, cut and trim the rough part of the mouth or warping drum Take the "wedge" wood strapping down Cells Continue to get the "meniscus and the "grinding" tomuseums, for the closed circuit chips together and create therounded, smooth to the drum

2.3.3 Drumhead stretching

- Make skin face of the drum:

The first step is cutting the drum skin When cut to the skin

to tear the ship except for review If small spaceship review section for 3

to 4 cm wide, about 8cm drum to have to With all kinds of drum cells must

be re-before a turn into the drum trap Get puncher hole to the string "hips" skin around the skin edges When the hips have required perforated punch deep edge of about 1.5 to 2 cm skin On average, each one forcing hips to about

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5 button Use your hipsto force giang crackers for "crackers" are rarely broken, very soft andelastic, when forced to stretch the skin effect are

- The step of doing "table":

Showing four square bamboo, get strapped in four corners, So that the tube for a fixed, known as the four corners Place the drum on top, so that the balance in between And then started the drum trap

- Trap the drum: To the drum skin to trap mouth to "close the leather belt." Place the finished leather, rope start crawling Threaded wire ropes to the four corners there, hardwire again the corner, and ligaments in the middle of a bamboo button Stretch the wire up, forced through the "anchor", loop through the"hips" At each junction, as flesh tightly, not to loose wires Ligament inserted, remove the "SAM" wood chisel awl into the"anchor" for interrupt skin, climbed the "lead" drum Workers to stand up drum, foot stomp to the beat up and down (about 10 beats) to have simplified all around Take the "shell" or a log about 20cm long, 10cm wide, closed at both ends wedge (twoeach side) Timber close to the "wedge" create power "click" pushupward drum Surface tension drums were finished, it is flat and round Next is the stage of "towing crucified” Before crucified, draw two lines "towing only" at the edge of space.Workers based on this line to close to flat and nice review Take abeating Needle opaque ring around the drum for loose skin all the way down, then the "appraisal", cross the hole puncher to keep your skin for sure "Pin", remove the hammer

"guest set" closed loop around anempty result for sure to ensure long hours

to keep Remove the anchor rods, sticks hips, drawstraps Making drum belt: song plants are attractive but after oil, dried split would be to wrap the

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