Reseach on building models of community - based tourism (the case of Giang Mo Village, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province
Trang 1VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES
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DANG HOANG GIANG
RESEARCH ON BUILDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY- BASED TOURISM (CASE STUDY OF GIANG MO VILLAGE, CAO PHONG
DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE)
MASTER THESIS SUMMARY
Speciality: Vietnamese Studies
Code: 60.31.60
Hanoi, 2011
Trang 2The thesis was completed in Hanoi Supervisor: Dr Le Anh Tuan
The thesis can be found at:
Library and Information Center, Vietnam national University, Hanoi
Trang 3CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION Error! Bookmark not defined
1 Reason for theme Error! Bookmark not defined
2 Aims and objectives Error! Bookmark not defined
3 History of the research problem Error! Bookmark not defined
4 Subject and scope of the research Error! Bookmark not defined
5 Research Methodology Error! Bookmark not defined
6 The layout of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined
Chapter 1: THEORITIACL AND PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM Error! Bookmark not defined
1.1 History and opinions of the formation of community - based tourism Error!
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1.1.1 History of the formation of community - based tourismError! Bookmark not defined
1.1.2 Opinions of community - based tourism Error! Bookmark not defined
1.2 Conditions and principles of community tourism development Error!
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1.2.1 Conditions of community - based tourism developmentError! Bookmark not defined
1.2.1.1 Tourism resources Error! Bookmark not defined
1.2.1.2 Material and technical facilities Error! Bookmark not defined
1.2.1.3 Transportation Error! Bookmark not defined
1.2.1.4 Support service for tourism Error! Bookmark not defined
1.2.1.5 The preparation of community Error! Bookmark not defined
1.2.2 Principles of community - based tourism developmentError! Bookmark not defined
1.2.2.3 Tourism activities decided by local communityError! Bookmark not defined
1.2.2.4 Preserving resources Error! Bookmark not defined
1.3 Role of community - based tourism developmentError! Bookmark not
Trang 41.3.3 The role of community - based tourism for resource conservation Error!
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1.4 Some of experiences in developing community - based tourism modelError! Bookmark not defined
1.4.1 In the world Error! Bookmark not defined
1.4.2 In Viet Nam Error! Bookmark not defined
1.4.2.1 Models of community - based tourism in Sin Chai village, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province Error! Bookmark not defined
1.4.2.2 Models of community - based tourism in Doi village, Namdong district, Thua Thien Hue province Error! Bookmark not defined
1.5 Conclusion of chapter 1 Error! Bookmark not defined
Chapter 2: CURENT SITUATION OF THE COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM OPERATE AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOA BINH PROVINCE Error! Bookmark not defined
2.1 Tourism potentiality of Hoa Binh provinceError! Bookmark not defined
2.1.1 Natural tourism resources Error! Bookmark not defined
2.1.2 Human tourism resources Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2 Models of community - based tourism in Lac village, Maichau districtError! Bookmark not defined
2.2.1 The formation and development of community - based tourism in Mai Chau Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.2 Characteristics of community - based tourism model in the Lac, Mai Chau district Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.2.1 The role of community Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.2.2 Types of products Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.2.3 Characteristics of tourists Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.2.4 Cooperation mechanisms and sharing related benefitError! Bookmark not defined
2.2.3 The advantages of community - based tourism to economy, society and culture Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.3.1 Positive impacts Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.3.2 Negative impacts Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.4 Evaluation of community-based tourism model in the Lac village, Mai Chau district Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.4.1 Strengths Error! Bookmark not defined
2.2.4.2 Limitations and causes Error! Bookmark not defined
Trang 52.2.4.3 The lessons experience Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3 Characteristics of community – based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.1 Overview of Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.1.1 Geographic features Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.1.2 Administrative boundaries Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.1.3 Economic development of Cao Phong districtError! Bookmark not defined
2.3.2 Tourism potentiality of Cao Phong Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.2.1 The basic values Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.2.2 Conditions of infrastructure and technical facilitiesError! Bookmark not defined
2.3.3 Reality of tourism development in the Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.3.1 Overvew of the Giang Mo village Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.3.2 The result of tourism activities Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.3.3 Local communities with tourism activitiesError! Bookmark not defined
2.3.3.4 Other characteristics Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.4 Evaluation of the activities of tourism development in the Giang Mo, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.4.1 Strengths Error! Bookmark not defined
2.3.4.2 Limitations and causes Error! Bookmark not defined
2.4 Compare models of tourism development in Ban Lac, Mai Chau district with Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined
2.4.1 The same Error! Bookmark not defined
2.4.2 The different Error! Bookmark not defined
2.5 Conclusion chapter 2 Error! Bookmark not defined
Chapter 3: DETERMINATION OF BUIDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM IN CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE Error! Bookmark not defined
3.1 Determine of tourism development of Hoa Binh ProvinceError! Bookmark not defined
3.1.1 Aim of tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined
3.1.2 Tasks Error! Bookmark not defined
3.2 Orientation for tourism development of Cao Phong district Error!
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Trang 63.3 Determine building community - based tourism model in the Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4 Put forward community - based tourism development model in Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.1 Basis of the proposals Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.2 Principles to develope community - based tourism model in Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.3 Content of model Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.3.1 Defining the role of community Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.3.2 Determine the role of management Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.3.3 Determine the role of tourism companiesError! Bookmark not defined
3.4.3.4 Building community mechanism in the benefit sharing between subjectsError! Bookmark not defined
3.4.3.5 Identify types of products and services Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.4 The conditions to establish the model Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.4.1 The policy of authorities Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.4.2 The availability of community Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.4.3 Knowledge of people Error! Bookmark not defined
3.4.4.4 Infrastructure, facilities upgraded and other essential conditionsError! Bookmark not defined
3.5 Applying the model for Cao Phong Error! Bookmark not defined
3.6 Some recommendations Error! Bookmark not defined
3.6.1 Recommendations to the State management agency on tourism Error!
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3.6.2 Recommendations to the provincial People's Committee of Hoa Binh and People's Committee of Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined
3.6.3 Recommendations for the People's Committee of Binh Thanh communeError! Bookmark not defined
3.6.4 Recommended for local people Error! Bookmark not defined
REFERENCES Error! Bookmark not defined
Trang 7INTRODUCTION
1 Reason for theme
Nowadays, tourism has become a necessity of life It is not only a key economy of nations but also a bridge of cultural exchanges among nations and areas in the world
Recently, the tendency of visiting remote mountainous regions, where ethnic minorities live, becomes very popular, especially as for foreign tourists and the youth because of wild natural landscapes and original cultural traits
Trang 8Consequently, another from of tourism has been development, known as community - based tourism
Community - based tourism is one of very attractive tourism types It has brought in many benefits of economy and society to communities in the world
In Vietnam, this type has been researched and put into practice in many locals
Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province, has many tourism resources Among them community - based tourism relies on exploring culture of ethnic minorities in Giang Mo - the most typical village However, the tourism operation there has not been managed effectively to meet its potentials Thus, in the current tourism tendency, studying and expanding the community - based tourism in Giang Mo are very important
In order to improve tourism operations in Cao Phong, it’s necessary to study tourism potentiality as well as reality of the district From that, we can design and build the suitable model For these reasons, the researcher decided to
carry out an investigation into the issue titled: “Research on building models of
community - based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province (for example the Giang Mo)”
2 Aims and objectives
Aims: orientate to building community - based tourism model in Cao
Phong district, Hoa Binh
Objectives:
- To systematize theoretical issues about community - based tourism
- To analyze experience in developing community tourism in Mai Chau and some other locals in Vietnam
- To analyze evaluate developing community tourism in Cao Phong
- To compare model community - based tourism of Lac village to
bring out community based model in Cao Phong
3 History of the research problem
Trang 9There were a great number of scientific studies on community - based tourism such as:
“Community - based tourism for Conservation and Development” published in 2003 by The Mountain Institute (America), “Community - based tourism – theory and use” (volume 1), PhD Vo Que (2006), "Sustainable tourism" by Nguyen Dinh Hoe and Vu Van Hieu (2001), "Tourism with problems of ethnic minorities in Sa Pa" by Pham Thi Mong Hoa and Lam Thi Mai Lan (2000),…etc
4 Subject and scope of the research
- Subject of research: community - based tourism form and development conditions of community - based tourism
- Scope of content: community relies on exploiting ethnic minorities’ culture
- Scope of space: Cao Phong district, with the Giang Mo village is focused to research Mai Chau district, with Lac village is comparison subjects
- Scope of time: information and data collected from 2005 to 2010
5 Research Methodology
Researcher used 6 methods of scientific research: Researching synthesis theory, comparative approach, methods of sociological investigation, observation, questionnaire method, methods of analysis and synthesis
6 The layout of the thesis
Besides the introduction, conclusion, addendums, references, the thesis includes three chapters as followings:
Chapter 1: Theoretical basis and reality of community - based tourism Chapter 2: Current situation of the community-based tourism development operations in Hoa Binh prefecture
Trang 10Chapter 3: Orientation of building models of community - based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province
Chapter 1: THEORITIACL AND PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK OF
COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM
Chapter 1 presents theoretical basics, concepts of community - based tourism, principles and conditions of community - based tourism Concurrently, chapter 1 also provides some experience about community - based tourism in Vietnam and other countries
1.1 History and opinions of the formation of community - based tourism
1.1.1 History of the formation of community - based tourism
Community - based tourism (CBT) was derived from tourism village operations in 1970s Visitors went on walking around village, discovered customs and culture, daily life, festivals of local residents or certain travelers to participate in ecotourism activities At that time, tourists needed the support of local people as guidance, food, accommodate They called it "the trip has the support of local people." That is the premise for the concept of community tourism development and community - based tourism
Community - based tourism began to develop in Africa, Australia, and America in 1980s and 1990s with the help of NGOs and IUCN Community - based tourism began to develop straightly in Asia concluding ASEAN countries
1.1.2 Opinions of community - based tourism
The researcher introduces different concepts of scientists around the world and conceptualizes community tourism in the scope of the thesis
Community-based tourism develops sustainable regional community in which the subject is directly involved in tourism activities Regional community providing travel services while conserving the culture resources, natural resources and environment Concurrently, regional community benefit
Trang 11materially and spiritually from tourism and conservation achievements that”
1.2 Conditions and principles of community tourism development
1.2.1 Conditions of community - based tourism development
To develop community - based tourism, it is necessary to ensure these conditions: tourism resources, material facilities, and support services for tourism, transport, participation of community and policy of local authorities, which influence the formation and development of community tourism Among them, the tourism resources and participation of local community are extraordinarily important
1.2.2 Principles of community - based tourism development
Some principles in order to develop community - based tourism are:
- Relying on local community
- Allocating profit reasonably
- Tourism activities decided by local community
- Preserving resources
1.3 Role of community - based tourism development
The role of community - based tourism development is analyzed in terms of: local community, local economy and resource conservation
1.4 Some of experiences in developing community - based tourism model
of are ethnic minorities Mostly Karen people is mainstream economy of Karen people is the exploitation of forest resources People's lives are very difficult
Trang 12After a period of research, local community, non-government organizations, and authorities of Thailand have brought out community - based tourism model in Huai Hee Due to, the local people’s live is better and preserving forest resources of Mae Hong Son national park is more effective
Models of community - based tourism in Sin Chai village, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province
Sin Chai village lies at mountain side of Hoang Lien Son line, 4 km from
Sa Pa town The population is mainly ethnic H’Mong living about 120 households migrating from China since the 17th century H’Mong in the Sin Chai still preserves many their traditional cultural identities The natural conditions and economic – cultural – social conditions are attractive Therefore,
in recent years, there are great number of visitor go to visit However, besides the benefits that tourism brings, the negative impacts on the life of local residents are very great
In 2001, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) together with The Netherlands Development Organization (SNV) planned a community - based tourism development program in the Sin Chai within the framework “Reinforcing competence for sustainable tourism imitative” Criterion of model is aspiring to take part in tourism services in order to develop sustainable community, preserve community culture and natural resources
Trang 13Models of community - based tourism in Doi village, Namdong district, Thua Thien Hue province
Doi Village is located in Thuong Lo commune, Namdong district, Thua Thien Hue province, 60km from Hue city in the valley near Bach Ma National Park The residents are mostly Co Tu ethnic estimated with approximately 37.000 people The life is very difficulty because of the economic self – sufficiency In July, 2003, SNV organization that cooperated with Service of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Thua Thien Hue province build based community tourism development project Aim of the project was to eliminate hunger, reduce poverty, and develop of natural tourism and human tourism resources in Doi village Criteria of model ware to develop the potential of community-based tourism to reduce poverty, promote sustainable livelihoods and other rural development objectives
1.5 Conclusion of chapter 1
Chapter 2: SITUATION OF THE COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM
OPERATE AND DEVELOPMENT
IN HOA BINH PROVINCE
Chapter 2 presents the conditions for tourism development in Hoa Binh The chapter also introduces community - based tourism model in Lac village, Mai Chau district The conditions and reality of development tourism operation
in Giang Mo village include: the conditions about natural resources, local residents, infrastructure and technical material, the policies and support The researcher assesses advantages and disadvantages of community - based tourism model in Lac village Thenceforth, learning from the experiment in order to orient community - based tourism in Giang Mo village
Trang 142.1 Tourism potentiality of Hoa Binh province
Hoa Binh is a mountainous province lying in the northwestern region of Vietnam It borders Phu Tho and Son La province at the northern and north-western relatively, Ha Tay (old) and Ha Nam province at the eastern and southeastern, Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa province at the southern and southwestern
Hoa Binh is one of the northern mountainous provinces with many ethnic minorities making up a culture of diversity This is a great strength of tourism there
2.1.1 Natural tourism resources
Hoa Binh is rich in natural tourism resources including some of the highlights as follows: Hoa Binh Lake, Kim Boi mineral water springs, stalactite cave system, the system of primeval forest
2.1.2 Human tourism resources
By the end of October 2005 the province of Hoa Binh had 158 monuments of all kinds included in the vestiges list It consisted of 80 monuments of archaeological monuments, 14 historical sites and 34 cultural vestiges spots Among them, 31 vestiges were recognized and ranked by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 6 vestiges were ranked special monument to the provinces Specifically:
Typical festivals: Opening Lower Muong Bi Festival (Tan Lac district), Bo
temple festival (Cao Phong district), Tien pagoda festival (Lac Thuy district)
Object of ethnology: Giang Mo (Cao Phong district), the Lung Van (Tan
Lac district) of the Muong ethnic and the Thai village in Mai Chau district like the Pom Coong village, the Van village
Works of modern inventions: such as Hoa Binh hydroelectric plant, the
Hoa Binh Museum, Ho Chi Minh statue in the locality of Hoa Binh City which
are very convenient for tourists to visit
Trang 152.2 Models of community - based tourism in Lac village, Mai Chau district
2.2.1 The formation and development of community - based tourism in Mai Chau
Mai Chau is a mountainous district lying the western province of Hoa
Binh, about 140 km away from Ha Noi Lac village is located in the Chieng
Chau commune, Mai Chau district People living here are mostly White Thai ethnic with special cultural tradition Community - based tourism in the Lac village was established in 1960
Currently, Lac village has 110 households, among them 27 households registered tourism business There are also many other households who run business but do not register with local authorities
2.2.2 Characteristics of community - based tourism model in the Lac, Mai Chau district
2.2.2.1 The role of community
Local people are directly involved in the organization of tourism activities and service provision for customers They are not only the custodians of traditional cultural values of the ethnic but also people involved in the organization of tourism activities
2.2.2.2 Types of products
- Welcoming guests staying at home (homestay): 27 among 100
households register accommodation service Each house can accommodate
from 30 to 50 tourists
- Serving eats and drinks: the hosts directly cater tourists Depending on
tourist’ demand, they offer different menus
- Performing arts: Lac village has 4 performance teams Each show costs
500,000 VND along with 1 Ruou Can bottle
- Guiding visitors to go sightseeing on foot in the Mai Chau area: local
guides have led the way and introduced Thai ethnic culture to visitors