Nghiên cứu sản phẩm sữa bổ sung kẽm, canxi và lysine cho trẻ em 4 5 tuổi

Ngi dung nghien ciiu ciia de tai bao gom: * Nghien cim xay dung cong thiic premix va cong thiic phoi tron de tao san pham siia bgt danh cho tre tir 1 - 5 tuoi * Xay dung qui trinh san

BOYTE VIEN DINH DirONG

/ O V

BAO CAO DE TAI

Nghien cuu san pham sGa bo sung kem, canxi, lysine

cho tre 4 - 5 tuoi

Chu nhiem de tai: ThS Nguyln Thi Hong Minh

Co quan chii tri: Vien Dinh duong Dia chi : 48B Tang Bat Ho

Hanoi 12/2008

Mtf dau

Suy dinh duang tre em la moi quan tam chung ciia nhieu qu6c gia tren the giai Hien nay, uac tinh CO khoang 178 trieu tre em duai 5 tuoi bi suy dinh duang the thap coi Dac biet, a vung

Trung va Dong Phi ty le tre em suy dinh duang thip coi len d8n 42% - 50% 74 trieu tre em bj

thap coi song a Nam va Trung A [1] C) nhieu nuac tren thd giai, suy dinh duang van la nguyen nhan hang dau dan den tu vong a tre nho Thieu dinh duang vua phai va keo dai dang la tra ngai cho sir phat trien ve the chat va tri tue con nguai, vi vay viec thanh toan nan doi va suy dinh duang la muc tieu trong tam [2]

Nhieu nghien cuu tren the giai da chung minh viec cho tre bii me hoan toan trong 6 thang diu sau khi sinh, cham soc y te, phong chong nhiem khu4n va cho tre an bo sung day dii so lugng va chat luang la cac yeu to lien quan chat che tai tinh trang dinh duang cua tre sau nay

Theo khuyen nghi cua WHO, thai gian thich hgp nhit d6 hk dhu cho tre an b6 sung la sau 6

thang Tre dugc an bo sung diing thang tuoi se phong cac benh coi xuang, suy dinh duang va

thieu mau vi then diem nay sua me khong du thoa man nhu chu ngay cang tang cua ca the tre,

dac biet la cac nhu cau ve vitamin va khoang chat Tuy lugng can rat nho, chi khoang vai miligam moi ngay nhung thieu vitamin va khoang chat se lam roi loan chuyen hoa trong ca the

va gay ra nhieu benh dac hieu Sua bgt la mot loai thuc pham cung cap tuang doi day dii va can doi cac duang chat cho tre vi vay viec cho tre an bo sung them siia la rat can thiet de giiip tre phat trien toan dien

Sua la san pham uong lien lai rat giau thanh phan dinh duang, de hiit am, vi vay viec quan li chat lugng sua khi san xuat la rat can thiet

HACCP la cong cu quan li ve sinh an toan thuc pham thuc sir co hieu qua La he thong co kha nang ngan ngira mot each chu dgng nguy ca 6 nhiem thuc pham trong qua trinh san xuat, che bien tao ra thuc pham an toan Ap dung he thong HACCP, nguai tieu dung se giam nguy ca nhiem cac benh truyen qua thuc pham, tang sir tin cay vao viec cung cap thuc pham, cai thien chat lugng cuoc song Lgi ich doi vai doanh nghiep la tang so lugng nguofi tieu dung va do tin cay cua chinh phu, dam bao gia ca, tang kha nang canh tranh tiep thi, giam chi phi do san pham hong va phai thu hoi, cai tien qua trinh san xuat va dieu kien moi truang, cai tien nang lire quan

li, dam bao an toan thuc pham, tang ca hoi kinh doanh [3]

Mac du tren thi truong co rat nhieu loai sua, nhung gia ciia cac loai siia noi chung la rat cao Vigc nghien cuu san xuat sura bgt co bo sung cac vi chat can doi de cung cap day du duang chat

va cai thien chieu cao ciia tre vai gia hgp li dong vai tro quan trgng nhu mot giai phap de can

thiep phong chong suy dinh duang, vi vay chiing toi tien hanh de tai ^''Nghien ciru xay dung vd

hodn tfiien qui trinh san xuat sira bgt co bo sung kem, canxi, lysine va prebiotic cho tre tir 1

-5 tudi"

Ngi dung nghien ciiu ciia de tai bao gom:

* Nghien cim xay dung cong thiic premix va cong thiic phoi tron de tao san pham siia bgt danh cho tre tir 1 - 5 tuoi

* Xay dung qui trinh san xuat sua bgt va theo doi chat lugng ciia san pham theo thai gian bao quan

* Buac dau xay dung tai lieu quan li san xuat sira an toan VSTP theo HACCP code 2003

Phan I: TONG QUAN 1.1 Vai tro cua vi chat dinh du-ong va prebiotic

Ty le suy dinh duang thap coi ciia tre em Viet Nam chi8m 1/3, dac biet la v^ chieu cao cua tre

em nong thon va cac dan tgc thieu so [4] Nguyen nhan chinh do thiic an bo sung ciia tre thieu ve

so lugng va chdt lugng, nhSt la a vung nong thon ngheo DS cai thien tinh trang dinh duang cho tre em, ngoai viec chii y cung cap day dii cac chat dinh duang nhu protein, gluxit, lipit ma con dam bao day dii cac yitamin va khoang chdt Tuy la nhom chdt khong sinh nang lugng nhung vitamin va khoang chat co vai tro vo cung quan trgng vai ca th6, dac biet vai tre em

Vitamin la cdu tii cua cac men can thiet cho qua trinh chuyen hoa vat chdt trong ca the Nhieu vitamin ca the khong the tir tong hgp dugc ma phai dua tir thiic an vao ca th8 Thieu viatmin anh huang nhieu tai su phat trien, sue khoe va gay nhilu benh dac hieu

He thong mien dich dac bietrihay cam vai tinh trang kem ciia ca thg Thieu kem gay suy giam mien dich, lam anh huang xau den sir phat trien va chiic nang ciia hdu het cac te bao miln dich Kem tham gia vao thanh phan cua tren 300 enzyme kim loai, co vai tro di6u hoa hoat dgng ciia mot so loai hormon Thieu kem thuang gay ra mot so bieu hien lam sang nhu: luai an, giam kha nang mien dich, ton thuang da va niem mac, cham phat trien the lire Thong ke nhirng nghien curu chung tren the gidi cho tha'y bo sung kem lam giam 30 - 60% so lan mdc benh tieu chay, miic do nang ciia benh cung giam co y nghia, tac dung ciia bo sung kem lam giam so lan mdc benh tieu

chay keo dai sau 2 -3 thang bo sung [5] WHO udc tinh co khoang tren 30% tre em dudi 5 tuoi bi

thieu kem va thucmg tap trung a nhOng nude co thu nhap thap [6]

Trong CO the canxi chiem vi tri dac biet, canxi chiem 1/3 khoi lugng chat khoang trong ca the va 98% canxi nam a xuang va rang - la thanh phan co ban ciia xuong va rang Cho nen doi vai tre

em canxi rat can thiet vi chiing co bg xuong dang phat trien Mot so nghien ciiu a Nhat cho thay khau phan an ngheo canxi thuang ket hgp vai chieu cao thap Khau phan ngheo canxi thuang ket hgp vai thap protein, mot yeu to quan trgng cho su phat trien co the va phat trien xuong

Lysine la mot trong cac axit amin can thiet cho ca the ma ca the khong tu tong hgp dugc Lysine giiip tre an ngon mieng, gia tang chuyen hoa, tang cuong hap thu, duy tri canxi, ngan can su bai tiet chat khoang nay ra khoi ca the [7] Vi vay, thieu Lysine co the khien tre cham lan, bieng an, giam tang truang chieu cao

Cac ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay trong ca the tre dang trong giai doan tang truang, vi khuan tot trong he tieu hoa co xu huong giam Dong thdi, khi tre ngay cang tiep xuc nhieu hon vdi moi trudng ben ngoai, cac vi khuan gay benh de dang xam nhap vao ca the Khi so lugng vi khuan gay benh manh hon vi khuan tot, he mien dich suy giam, ca the se yeu di va tre de bi nhiem benh De kich thich sir tang trudng ciia vi khuan cd lgi cd the diing chat xa nhu oligosaccharit (FOS/inullin) la loai thiic an cho vi khuan cd lgi phat trien Day la Prebiotic cd tac dung gian tiep giiip tang cudng he mien dich

Sfta da dugc cong nhan la mot thuc pham hoan hao nhat trong thien nhien, vi trong sira cd dii cac chat dinh duang can thiet giiip cho sir tang trudng cua co the va de dugc ca the hap thu Ngoai cac thanh phan chinh la protein, lactoza, lipit, mudi khoang cdn cd tat ca cac loai vitamin chii yeu, cac enzim, cac nguyen td vi lugng khdng the thay the Protein cua sua rat dac biet, cd chiia nhieu va hai hda cac axit amin can thiet Lipit ciia sua giii vai trd quan trgng trong dinh duang, chiing chiia nhieu nhdm axit beo khac nhau, chiia nhieu vitamin va cd do tieu hda cao do cd nhiet dg ndng chay thap va chat beo d dudi dang cac cau ma cd kich thudc nhd Nhu vay, siia la

thiic an can thiet cho sir phat trien va tang trudng cua tre em, sir dung sua nhu la thirc an bo sung cho tre giiip du phdng suy dinh dudng la can thilt

1.2 Tinh hinh nghien ciru va san xuat thirc pham dinh dvotig o" Viet Nam

Theo ket qua dieu tra cua vien dinh dudng, thuc phdm che biln thiic an cho tre d Viet Nam chu ylu la gao, cac thirc an giau dinh dudng khac (thiic an dgng vat va rau xanh) chi dugc 22,3% (VpD - TCTK 2005) Trong khi nhieu nude trong khu vuc va tren thi gidi da sii dung cac thuc pham cd tang cudng vi chat cho tre em d Viet Nam vdn cdn han chi vl loai san phdm ciing nhu pham vi sir dung Gdp phdn phdng va dilu tri suy dinh dudng tre em, Vien Dinh dudng da tim hieu, nghien cuu cac quy trinh cdng nghe san xudt mdt sd san phdm dinh dudng cho tre em nhdm tao ra cac san pham dinh dudng cd chat lugng trong thdi gian qua nhu bgt dinh dudng, banh qui tang cudng vi chat, vien pepsin Hieu qua ciia cac san phdm nay da dugc danh gia va cho kit qua rdt tdt [8, 9] Theo nghien ciiu cua Ninh va cs (1996), da bd sung kem cho tre em tir 4 - 36 thang tudi bi suy dinh dudng, cho tre em d liia tudi bdt ddu an bd sung ( 5 - 7 thang tudi), da nhan thay tre suy dinh dudng dugc bd sung kem cd miic do tang can va chilu cao tdt hon, ty le mdc tieu chay thap hon nhdm kiem chiing [10]

1.3 Dac diem thi trirong sira a Viet Nam

Trong tu nhien khdng cd san pham thuc pham nao ma thanh phan dinh dudng lai kit hgp hai hoa nhu sua Viec tieu thu sua tren the gidi ngay mdt tang Tdng san lugng sua toan cdu nam 2007 udc tinh 678 trieu tdn, tang 2,3% so vdi nam 2006 San xuat sua phat triln manh d Chau A vdi san lugng udc tinh tang 5% trong nam 2007 (Food Outlook, N-02, 2007)

Hien nay thi trudng sua Viet Nam da cd gan 20 hang ndi dia va rat nhieu doanh nghiep phan phdi sua Tdng lugng tieu thu sua Viet Nam lien tuc tang manh tir 15% - 20%/nam, theo du bao den nam 2010 miic tieu thu sua tai thi trudng se tang gap ddi va tiep tuc tang gap ddi vao nam

2020 Vi vay, san xuat siia van la mot tiem nang Do ngudn nguyen lieu trong nude cung cap khdng du nen phan ldn nguyen lieu ciia cac nha may sua d nude ta dugc nhap khau

1.4 He thong HACCP

HACCP viet tat cua cum tir Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points la he thdng quan ly chat lugng dua tren ca sd phan tich cac mdi nguy va cac diem kiem soat tdi han Dd la cdng cu phan tich nham bao dam an toan ve sinh va chat lugng thuc pham Cdng cu nay cho phep tap trung ngudn lire ky thuat, chuyen mdn vao nhung budc che bien cd anh hudng quyet dinh den an toan chat lugng thuc pham Phan tich HACCP se dua ra danh muc nhimg diem kiem soat tdi han CCPs cimg vdi nhung muc tieu phdng ngira, cac thu tuc theo ddi, giam sat va nhimg tac ddng dieu chinh timg diem kiem soat tdi han

He thdng HACCP da dugc nhieu td chiic qudc te (nhu: Vien han lam Khoa hgc qudc gia My, Lfy ban Tu van Qudc gia ve tieu chuan vi triing hgc va thuc pham, Uy ban Thuc pham Codex WHO/FAO) thira nhan va xem la he thdng him hieu nhat de cd the vira dam bao an toan, vira dam bao chat lugng cam quan ciia cac san pham thuc pham

Tai Viet Nam, khai niem HACCP dugc tiep can tir nhiing nam dau ciia thap ki 90 ciia the ki XX Vdi muc tieu bao ve siic khde nhan dan, md rgng thi trudng, nhat la khi nude ta da gia nhap td chiic thuang mai the gidi WTO, nhieu nganh va doanh nghiep, nhat la doanh nghiep san xuat sira

da cd rat nhilu hoat ddng thiet thuc de thiic day qua trinh ddi mdi he thdng quan ly chat lugng va

an toan ve sinh thuc pham, dac biet la ap dung HACCP, timg budc thay the cho each kiem soat chat lugng truyen thdng la dua tren kiem tra san pham cudi ciing

Ap dung he thdng HACCP mang lai nhieu lgi ich, nhu:

- Lgi ich ddi vdi ngudi tieu diing: giam nguy co cac benh truyen qua thuc pham; nang cao nhan thiic ve ve sinh co ban; tang sir tin cay vao viec cung cap thuc pham; cai thien cudc song trong ITnh vuc siic khde va kinh tl - xa hdi

- Lgi ich vdi nganh cdng nghiep: tang sd lugng ngudi tieu dimg va do tin cay ciia Chinh phu; bao dam ^ia ca; tang kha nang canh tranh va tilp thi; giam chi phi do giam san phdm hdng va phai thu hdi; cai tien qua trinh san xudt va dieu kien mdi trudng; cai tiln nang lire quan ly bao dam an toan thuc pham; tang ca hdi kinh doanh va xudt, nhap khdu thuc phdm

- Lgi ich vdi Chinh phii: cai thien siic khde cdng dong, nang cao hieu qua va kilm soat thuc pham; giam chi phi cho siic khde cdng ddng

- Lgi ich vdi doanh nghi?p: nang cao uy tin chdt lugng doi vdi san phdm cua minh, tang tinh canh tranh, kha nang chiem linh va md rdng thi trudng, dac biet ddi vdi thuc phdm xudt khdu Dugc phep in tren nhan ddu chiing nhan phii hgp he thdng HACCP, tao Idng tin vdi ngudi tieu dung va ban hang, lam can cii de ca quan kiem tra chat lugng ve sinh an toan thuc phdm xem xet che do giarn kiem tra ddi vdi cac Id san pham; la co sd bao dam dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec dam phan, ky ket hgp ddng thuang mai trong nude cung nhu xuat khau va la ca sd cua chinh sach uu tien dau tu, dao tao ciia Nha nude ciing nhu cac ddi tac nude ngoai [3]

Phan II: NGUYEN LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Nguyen lieu

- Sira bgt nguyen lieu cua New Zealand, Australia, Trung Quoc dat tieu chudn ve sinh an toan thuc pham

- Fremix: vitamin, khoang chat, lysine, FOS dat tieu chuan ve do tinh khiet theo mot trong nhimg tieu chuan: USP (The United States Pharmacopeia), BPC (British Pharmaceutical Codex), FAO/WHO hoac chirng chi tuong duong

- Nguyen lieu khac: dudng, chat beo siia

- Tlii mang thiec

2.2 Phirong phap nghien cihi

2.2.1 Nghien ciru xay dirng cong thirc san xuat sira hot

2.2.1.1 Lira chon sira hot nguyen lieu

Siia bgt nguyen lieu phai la sira bgt hoa tan nhanh, cd mau sac, miii vi tu nhien ciia siia va thanh phan dinh dudng phii hgp vdi tre

Phan tich mot sd thanh phan cua sira bdt nguyen lieu dugc chgn

2.2.1.2 Xac dinh ti le phoi tron cac loai nguyen lieu

Xac dinh ti le phdi trdn cua sira bdt nguyen kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia sao cho 3 thanh phan

ca ban la protein, lipit cho mdi lan sir dung 45g (200ml sira) dap iing 20 - 30% nhu cau khuyen nghi cua tre tir 1-5 tudi Du kien thanh phan siia thanh pham cd ham lugng protein va lipid tir 16

- 20%

Dua ra 4 ti le phdi trdn khac nhau

Danh gia cam quan theo phep thir cho diem chat lugng (tieu chuan TCVN 3215 - 79) de tim ra ti

le phdi trdn cho san pham cd tinh chat cam quan tdt va thanh phan protein, lipit hgp li

2.2.1.3 Xay dirng cong thirc Premix va ti le phoi tron ciia Premix vdi sira hot nguyen lieu

Dua tren nhu cau dinh dudng khuyen nghi cho ngudi Viet Nam 2007, dua tren khuyen nghi ve vitamin, khoang chat cua WHO/FAO - 2002 ddi vdi tre tir 1 - 5 tudi, du kien ham lugng vitamin

va khoang chat cua siia thanh pham

Lira chgn ty le dudng, huong lieu, premix, lysine, FOS - inullin vdi siia nguyen lieu de:

- Ham lugng lysine trong 45 g (200ml sira) dap iing ham lugng can duy tri theo khuyen nghi cua WHO/FAO ddi vdi tre tir 1- 5 tudi (lugng lysine can duy tri 3 Img/kg/ngay)

- Ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat trong 45g (200ml siia) dap ung 20 - 30% nhu cau cua tre tir 1-5 tudi

- Bd sung them FOS - inullin de ham lugng chat xa hda tan trong siia thanh pham dat 5%

- Bo sung them cac phu gia (dudng, huong lieu) de dap iing thi hieu cua ngudi tieu diing

Danh gia cam quan siia cdng thiic da trdn nguyen lieu phu (dudng, lysine) theo phuang phap cho diem thi hieu (thang diem 1 - 5) de lira chgn siia cd chat lugng cam quan tdt nhat

2.2.2 Xay dung quy trinh san xuat sira hot

2.2.2.1 Quy trinh san xuat sira hot du- kien

2.2.2.2 Danh gia chat lirong sira bpt san xuat

- Phuang phap danh gia cam quan:

+ Phep thir cho diem thi hieu (thang diem 1-5) nhu sau:

1: Rdt ghet 4: Thich 2:Ghet 5: Rdt thich

3: Khdng thich, khdng ghet

so sanh miic do yeu thich ciia siia thanh pham vdi cac san pham sira hien cd tren thi trudng Nlu ket qua phan tich cd F >Ftc (Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang) thi chat lugng cac mau khac nhau

cd nghia [11] Hdi ddng danh gia cam quan gdm 10 chuyen gia

+ Theo phep thir cho dilm chdt lugng (tieu chudn TCVN 3215 - 79) Thanh lap mdt hdi

dong danh gia gom 10 chuyen gia cd ky thuat va kinh nghiem v6 danh gia cam quan, danh gia

bdng phuang phap cho diem theo thang diem tir 0 — 5 cac chi tieu cam quan da dinh sSn cho sd

mdu xac dinh (miic 0 la san pham khdng dugc cha'p nhan, miic 5 la miic san pham dat do hoan thien cao nha't - cd quy dinh cu the theo TCVN 3215 - 79) [11]

Chat lugng san phdm dugc tinh la diem trung binh cua timg chi tieu nhan vdi he so trgng lugng cua nd

Diem cha't lugng cia cac san pham cd gia tri tir 0 de'n 20 theo 6 miic chat luong sau:

Tdt: 18,6- 20,0 Trung binh: 11,2 - 15,1 Rat kem: 4,0 - 7,1

*hu-ong phap phan tich cac thanh phan cua sira hot

Ten chi tieu

Dd am

Ham lugng Gluxit

Ham lugng Lipit

Ham lugng Protein

Ham lugng Canxi

Ham lugng Kem

Ham lugng Lysine

KNLTTP - 75 NMKL N"6 AAS(H/QT/19.93) AAS(H/QT/19.52) HPLC(H/QT/19.46) TCVN 4884: 2001 TCVN 4882: 2001 TCVN 6846: 2001 TCVN 4830: 1989 TQBYT 3350: 2001 TCVN 4829: 2001 ISO 11290-1 - 2 : 1996 AOAC 2000

AOAC 2000

2.2.3 Xay dung hf thong tai lieu quan li san xuat sira theo HACCP code 2003

- Thanh lap dgi HACCP

- Soan thao tai lieu quan li san xudt sira theo HACCP bao gdm 12 budc ap dung HACCP

Phan III: KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Nghien ciru xay dung cong thirc san xuat sira bpt

3.1.1 Lira chon sira bQt nguyen lif u

Thi trudng sira bdt nguyen lieu d Viet Nam rdt phong phii va da dang, trong dd sira bgt nguyen kem la san pham cd nhieu nhat Ngudn nguyen lieu siia bdt chii yeu dugc nhap tir cac nude New Zealand, Australia, Trung Qudc vdi hai loai siia bgt la sira bdt tan nhanh va sua bdt Thanh phan, ti le cac chat trong nguyen lieu siia bdt cua cac nude khac nhau la khac nhau, tham chi nguyen lieu ciing xudt xii ciing cd sir thay ddi vl thanh phdn

Bang 3.1: Bang tong ket cac loai nguyen lieu hien co tren thj trirong Viet Nam

(Theo phan tich ciia nha cung cap)

Sii-a bot nguyen kem:

Ten san pham

Siia bdt nguyen kem

Siia bdt nguyen kem

tan nhanh (Instant

fiill cream milk

Australia

Australia

• • • • • • • • " ^

Thanh phan Protein

TT

1

2

Ten san pham

Sira bdt gay tan

nhanh (Skimmilk

Powder Instant)

Sira bdt gay tan

nhanh (Instant skim

milk powder)

Xuat xir

New Zealand

Australia

Thanh p Protein

(%)

>34

>34

Chat beo (%)

<0,5

<0,5

Gia Thanh (dong)

95 000

100 000

Chat beo sira (Non Dairy Creamer)

STT

1

2

Ten san pham

Chat beo sira

Chat beo siia

Xuat

xu-Malaysia

Ha Lan

Thanh Protein

Siia New Zealand cd nha cung cap tai Ha Ngi, cd loai siia hoa tan nhanh, cd mau sac, miii vi dSc trung ciia sira va gia san pham hgp ly Vi vay, chgn sira bdt nguyen kem, sira bdt gay cua New Zealand Chgn chat beo siia cua Malaysia vi cd gia thanh re hon va chat lugng tuong duong vdi chat beo siia cua Ha Lan

Tien hanh phan tich thanh phan Kem, Lysine, Canxi cua nguyen lieu da chgn dugc ket qua bdi bang 3.2

Bang 3.2: Ket qua phan tich Kem, Lysine, Canxi cua nguyen lieu sira bpt

Zn (mg/lOOg)

2.68 3.93

Lysine (g/lOOg)

1.85 1.65

3.1.2 Xac dinh ti le phoi tron cac loai sira nguyen lieu

Dua tren nhu cdu protein, lipit doi vdi tre 1-5 tudi, theo tinh toan sira thanh pham du kien cd ham lugng protein va lipit tir 16% - 20% va ket qua phan tich thanh phan ciia nguyen lieu, dua ra mot sd ti le phdi trdn cac thanh phdn nguyen lieu cd thanh phan dinh dudng ca ban va nhu bang sau:

Bang 3.3: Thanh phan mot so cong thirc phoi tron nguyen lieu sura

TT

1

2

4

Ti le SiJa bdt nguyen kem: Siia

bdt gay: Chat beo

Protein (%) (theo tinh toan)

Lipit (%) (theo tinh toan)

CTl

0:45:45 16,4 15.4

CT2

10:30:50 14,8 19,6

CT3

10:35:45 16,4 18,1

CT4

15:40:35 19,6 16,3

Tien hanh trdn siia bdt nguyen lieu theo cac cdng thiic dua ra d bang tren Sau dd danh gia chat lugng cam quan theo phep thir cho dilm chdt lugng (TCVN 3215 - 79) cua cac mau sura da trdn

de tim dugc ti le phdi trdn cho siia bdt cd chat lugng cao nhat

HS trong Iirong 0,6

1 1,2 1,2 0,6

1 1,2 1,2 0,6

1 1,2 1,2 0,6

1 1,2 1,2

cong thirc

TB CO HS trong lirong 2,7 4,4 5,4

5,16 2,58

4,2

4,08 4,56

2,7 4,5

4,56 4,56 2,82

4,6

5,52 5,76

Diem chat lu-ong

17,66

15,42

16,32

18,7

Bang ket qua danh gia cam quan cho thay sira dugc phdi trdn theo CT4 cd diem chat lugng cao

nhat va bdng 18,7 xip loai Tot [10]

Chgn CT4 lam cdng thiic phdi trdn cac loai nguyen lieu

3.1.3 Xay dirng cong thirc premix diing de phoi tron vol sira hot nguyen lieu

Dua tren nhu cdu dinh dudng khuyin nghi cho ngudi Viet Nam 2007 [12] dua tren khuyin nghj

vl vitamin, khoang chat cua WHO/FAO - 2002 ddi vdi tre tir 36 din 60 thang tudi, dua ra du kien ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat cua sira thanh pham trong lOOg va trong 45g (1 lan sii dung)

Bang 3.5: Thanh phan vitamin va khoang chat du- kien cua sira thanh pham

mg meg meg

mg

mg

mg

mg meg

mg

mg

mg

Trong lOOg 0.5

54 0.49 0.27 0.23 13.5 3.6 4.95 4.5

315 238.5

Dua tren ham lugng du kien cua vitamin va khoang chat, tinh toan ham lugng vitamin va khoang

chat ciia sira phdi trdn theo ti le da chgn Ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat can bd sung vao

lOOg siia bdt thanh pham dugc the hien d bang 3.6

Bang 3.6: Ham Iirong cac vitamin va khoang chat can bo sung vao lOOg san pham

mg meg

mg

mg

mg

Ham lu-ong 0.3

7.6

11

8.1

190 19.5

Dua tren ket qua du tinh lugng vitamin va khoang chat can bd sung vao lOOg sira thanh pham, ciing vdi sir tham khao cua cac chuyen gia cdng thiic premix dugc xay dung de bd sung vao siia dugc thi hien d bang 3.7

Bang 3.7 Cong thirc premix Thanh phan

27 1.4

37

70 5.9 1.7 2.5 1.8

43 4.5

Du kien bd sung 460mg premix vao lOOg sira thanh phdm

3.1.4 Nghien cihi cong thirc phoi trpn de tao sira bpt danh cho tre tir 1-5 tuoi

3.1.4.1 Lira ch9n ty le phoi tron dirong va FOS/inulin:

Thir nghiem phdi trdn dudng vdi cdng thiic sira bdt CT4 da dugc lua chgn theo 3 ti le khac nhau

la Ml: 5% dudng+ 5% FOS/inulin, M2: 6% dudng+4%F0S/inulin, M3: 7% dudng + 3% FOS /inulin Tien hanh danh gia cam quan theo phuong phap cho dilm thi hiiu, danh gia sir yeu thich

ve vi (thang diem 1-5) nhu sau:

Bang 3.8: Bang ket qua cam quan sira ti le b6 sung du-ong va FOS/inulin khac nhau

BTD 2,00 9,00 18,00 29,00

TBF 10,47 6,03 4,87 21,37

BFTB 5,23 0,67 0,27

F 19,36 2,48

Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang Ftc = 3,55 d mirc y nghia 0.5% vdi bac tu do mau 2, bac tu do sai sd 18 [10] F=19,36 > Ftc nen ket luan dugc rang cac mau dugc yeu thich khac nhau cd nghia Bang ket qua cho thay siia cd ti le phdi trdn theo mau M2 cd diem trung binh cao nhat nen la mau cd vi dugc yeu thich nhat Vi vay, chgn ti le dudng va FOS/inulin bd sung vao la 6%dudng

va 4%F0S/inulin

3.1.4.2 Lya chon ty le phoi tron Lysine

Su dung L-lysine monohydroclorid de bd sung vao siia (l,25g L-lysine monoclorid cd Ig lysine)

Du kien trdn de sua thanh pham dat 1378mg lysine/1 OOg va khdng tao vi dang trong san pham Ket qua phan tich thanh phan lysine cua nguyen lieu (bang 3.2) cho thay nguyen lieu da cd mot phan lysine nen phdi trdn lysine vdi cdng thiic siia da dugc lira chgn d tren theo cac ty le 800,

BTD 2.00 9.00 18.00 29.00

TBF 4.27 1.33 5.07 10.67

BFTB 2.13 0.15 0.28

F 7.58 0.53

Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang Ftc - 3,55 [10] d miic y nghia 0.5% vdi bac tu do mau 2, bac tu

do sai sd 18 F > Ftc nen ket luan dugc rang cac mau dugc yeu thich khac nhau cd nghia Bang ket qua cho thay siia cd ti le phdi trdn L - Lysine 900mg/100g cd diem trung binh cao nhat nen

la mau dugc yeu thich nhat

3.1.3.3 Xac dinh ti le phoi tron premix vol sira bot nguyen lieu

Dat mua Premix cua nha cung cap Fotitech, Malaysia, san xuat theo cdng nghe Dan Mach Thir nghiem phdi trdn Premix vdi cdng thiic sira bdt da dugc lira chgn d tren theo 3 ti le khac nhau la Ml: 400mg, M2: 460mg, M3: 500mg premix/lOOg sira

Phan tich mdt sd thanh phdn kem va canxi cua siia bdt thanh pham da trdn Premix theo 3 ti le tren

Bang 3.10: Ket qua phan tich thanh phan khoang chat cua sira hot tron Premix Thanh phan

Kem

Canxi

Don vi

mg/lOOg mg/lOOg

Ml 8.9

621

M2 9.8

704

M3 11.1

735

Theo ket qua phan tich bang 3.10, mau sira M2 cd ham lugng kem va canxi tuong duong vdi sira

du kien Nhu vay lira chgn bd sung 460mg premix cho lOOg siia thanh pham

3.1.5 D^nh gia chat Iirong sira thanh pham

3.1.5.1: Kiem tra chat Iirong sCra thanh pham

Phan tich ham lugng protein, glucid, canxi, kem, lysine Vitamin A, D, FOS/inulin, do am, vi sinh vat cua siia thanh pham Ket qua nhu bang sau:

Bang 3.11: Bang phan tich cac chi tieu chat lirong cua sira thanh pham

Ham lugng Gluxit

Ham lugng Lipit

Ham lugng Protein

Ham lugng Canxi

Ham lugng Kem

Ham lugng Lysine

Ket qua

4.24 53.1 16.3 19.7

706 9.9 1.35 KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.4 8.9

Tien hanh danh gia cam quan theo phuong phap cho diem thi hieu, danh gia miic do ua thich cua sira thanh pham vdi cac loai siia hien cd danh cho tre tir 1-5 tudi tren thj trudng

Bang 3.12: Ket qua danh gia cam quan su-a thanh pham va san pham sira danh cho tre 1-5

tuoi tren thj trirong

Vi

Do hda tan Mau Miii

Vi

Do hda tan Mau Miii

Vi

Do hda tan Mau Mill

3.9 4.2 4.7 4.6

4.6 4.8

HS trong lirong

0.6

1 1.2 1.2 0.6

1 1.2 1.2 0.6

1

1.2 1.2 0.6

1

1.2 1.2

T B c o

HS trong lirong 2.8 4.4 5.4

5.4 2.7 4.4

4.9 5.8 2.7 4.5 4.7

5.0 2.8 4.6

5.5 5.8

Diem chat lirong

3.1.4.2: Theo doi chat lirong san pham trong thoi gian bao quan

Theo ddi chat lugng siia bdt thanh pham theo thdi gian bao quan 6 thang

Sira thanh pham dugc ddng gdi trong bao gdi mang nhdm va dugc de d nai khd mat, dinh ki 3 thang/lan kilm tra ham lugng protein, lipit, gluxit, canxi, kem, lysine, vitamin A, D, do am, vi sinh vat cua sira bdt thanh phdm

Bang 3.13: Ket qua phan tich sira thanh pham khi bao quan

Ham lugng Gluxit

Ham lugng Lipit

Ham lugng Protein

Ham lugng Canxi

Ham lugng Kem

Ham lugng Lysine

Ket qua Sau 3 thang

4.5 53.1 16.3 19.7

700 9.9 1.35 2.2 KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.38 8.5

Sau 6 thang

4.9 53.0 16.4 19.5

701 9.8 1.35 3.5x10 KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.30 7.8 Vdi ket qua phan tich d bang 3.11 va 3.13 cho thay sau 3 va 6 thang bao quan do am cua sira cd tang len 1 chiit, protein, lipid, gluxit, can xi, lysine, kem gan nhu khdng thay ddi, ham lugng vitamin A va vitamin D cd giam di, ve chi tieu vi sinh vat van dam bao theo tieu chuan 46 cua

Khoan chi/Muc chi

San xuat 1kg su-a hot

Siia bdt nguyen kem

250.000

Dan gia

99,000 95,000 35,000 15,000

500 130,000 62,000

Thanh tien (d)

76,880

14,850 38,000 12,250

900

230 1,170 2,480 7,000

19,220

3.3 Soan thao tai lieu quan li san xuat sira theo HACCP code 2003

3.3.1 Chinh sach cua nha may, so tay chat luong va an toan

De thuc hien dugc viec quan li chat lugng san pham theo he thdng HACCP, dau tien can cd sir ddng y va cam ket ciia ban lanh dao Trung tam thuc pham dinh dudng - Vien dinh dudng Ndi

dung the hien trong sd tay chdt lugng va an toan (Phu luc 1) bao gdm thdng tin he thdng quan ly,

chinh sach an toan ciia Trung tam thuc phdm dinh dudng - Vien dinh dudng

3.3.2 Qui pham thirc hanh san xuat tot

GMP la quy pham san xuat, tiic la cac bien phap, thao tac thuc hanh can tuan thii nguyen tac dam bao san xuat ra nhung san pham dat yeu cau chat lugng ve sinh an toan GMP giup kiem soat tdt ca nhiing yeu td lien quan den CLVSATTP cua san pham trong qua trinh san xuat che biln, tir khau tiep nhan nguyen lieu den thanh pham cudi ciing Qua trinh san xuat siia bdt bao gdm cac GMP

chinh (phu luc 2) nhu sau:

GMP 1: Tiep nhan nguyen lieu va luu kho

GMP 2: Kiem tra do am

GMP 3: Kiem tra siia

GMP 4: Kiem tra dudng

GMP 5: Kiem tra Premix

GMP 6: Nhap kho nguyen lieu

GMP 7: Xuat kho nguyen lieu

GMP 13: Hoan thien san pham

GMP 14: Kiem tra cam quan

GMP 15: Luu kho va bao quan

GMP 16: Xuat kho san pham

3.3.3 SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures)

SSOP Cling GMP, kiem soat tat ca nhung yeu td lien quan den chat lugng ve sinh an toan thuc pham cua san pham trong qua trinh san xuat, che bien, tir khau tiep nhan nguyen lieu den thanh pham cudi ciing SSOP la Quy pham ve sinh va thii tuc kiem soat ve sinh, nghia la cac quy pham

ve sinh dimg de dat dugc cac yeu cau ve sinh chung cua GMP

Qui pham dieu kien ve sinh tdt SSOP (phu luc 3) bao gdm cac quy pham sau:

SSOP- sd 1: Ve sinh ngudn nude

SSOP- sd 2: Cac be mat tiep xiic vdi san pham

SSOP- sd 3: Ngan ngira sir d nhiem cheo

SSOP- sd 4: Ve sinh cdng nhan

SSOP- sd 5: Bao ve san pham de khdng bi nhiem ban

SSOP- sd 6: Sii dung, bao quan diing each cac hda chat cd tinh dgc hai

SSOP- sd 7: Kiem soat sue khde cdng nhan

SSOP- sd 8: Kiem soat ddng vat gay hai

SSOP- sd 9: Dan nhan va bao quan diing quy each

3.3.4 Xay dung he thong quan ly chat lu-ong HACCP cho san xuat sira bot

3.3.4.1 Nhom HACCP

Thdnh vien Nhom cdng tdc HACCP

Ten thanh vien

Chirc vu cong tac

Ky su, giam ddc trung tam Thac SI

Ky SU Sinh vien thuc tap

3.3.4.2 Mo ta san pham

Md ta san pham nhu bang sau:

each thanh pham

Cac dac tinh quan

trgng ciia san pham

Khu vuc khai thac

nguyen lieu

Cach thiic bao quan,

van chuyen va tiep

nhan nguyen lieu

Cac cdng doan che

bien chinh

Phuang phap bao

quan

Bao gdi ben trong

Bao gdi ben ngoai

Dieu kien bao quan

Dieu kien phan phdi,

van chuyen san

pham

Thdi gian sir dung

Cac yeu cau ve dan

Sira bdt bd sung kem, canxi, lysine va prebiotic cho tre 1-5 tudi

- Siia bdt: Sura bgt nguyen kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia

- Nguyen lieu bd sung: premix, lysine, dudng trang, FOS/inulin San pham dugc bao gdi bang mang phuc hgp, cd khdi lugng 250g, cho vao trong hop giay phang, xep vao thiing cattong vdi the tich tuong iing

Tiep nhan nguyen lieu —> Kiem tra —+ Liru kho —> Xay (Dudng)

—> Trdn -^ Ddng gdi -^ Hoan thien san pham —» Nhap kho

Bao gdi each ly Mang phiic hgp 3 Idp

Vd hop giay va thiing cattong Nai khd rao, thoang mat, sach se Van chuyen bang phuong tien sach, cd che day kin

12 thang ke tir ngay san xuat Theo quy dinh hien hanh Khdng cd

- Dun sdi nude, de ngudi xudng nhiet do 60°C

- Dinh lugng nude va sira nhu hudng dan

17

18

Ddi tugng sir dung

Cac qui dinh yeu

cau can tuan thu

- Pha siia vao nude, khuay deu, udng lien

- Sau khi md tui, budc kin, khdng de qua 30 ngay Tre em tir 1 tdi 5 tudi

- Theo yeu cau khach hang

- Theo cac quy dinh va tieu chuan ciia nha nude

- Theo Quylt dinh sd 46/2007/QD-BYT ciia Bd Y tl

3.3.4.3 Xay dung so do qui trinh san xuat: Dua tren co sd quan ly chat lugng san pham sira

bdt cho tre tir 1-5 tudi theo he thdng HACCP

Sff do qui trinh cong nghe san pham sira bot

Nhap nguyen lieu: Sira bdt nguyen kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia, premix, dudng, lyzine, FOS/inulin

+ Siia bdt: Sua bdt (sira bdt nguyen kem va siia bdt gay) dugc mua tir Newzealand, cd day dii

CA va bang cdng bd chat lugng cua nha san xuat

Siia bdt nguyen lieu dugc van chuyen bang xe sach, bao bi cd ghi nhan day du va dugc kiem tra tnrdc khi nhap kho

+ Nguyen lieu khac: Cac nguyen lieu khac bao gom chdt beo sira, dudng trdng, premix, lysine, FOS - inullin dugc thu mua tir nhung cdng ty uy tin

Cac Id nguyen lieu cd ddy dii CA kem theo bang cdng bd chdt lugng cua nha san xudt Ngoai ra, nguyen lieu dugc van chuyen bdng xe sach, bao bi dugc ghi nhan ddy dii va dugc kilm tra trudc khi nhap kho

Dudng dugc xay tdi kich thudc 0.15 mm, khoi lugng cua mdt me xay la 10 kg

e Dinh lugng vd tron

Cac loai nguyen lieu va dudng da xay dugc dugc dinh lugng rdi dua vao thilt bi phdi trdn Phuong phap phdi trgn la phuong phap trdn da cdp Cac nguyen lieu cd khdi lugng it dugc trdn trudc vdi nhau rdi den nguyen lieu cd khdi lugng ldn hon Mdt me trdn khoang 50 kg, trong 20 phiit

/ Nhap kho

San pham hoan thien dugc xep ngay ngan va bao quan trong kho mat

3.3.4.4 Tham djnh so do quy trinh

Nhdm nghien cuu HACCP tien hanh kiem tra, xac nhan lai toan bg cac muc thuc hien trong budc 4, bd sung nhiing thdng tin mdi va dieu chinh nhimg thdng tin cd sy thay ddi Viec tham tra nay dugc tien hanh trong thuc te san xuat, ca trong ca san xuat, van hanh thiet bi, trong gid nghi de bao dam mgi mdi nguy trong cac dieu kien khac nhau deu dugc nhan dien chinh xac

3.3.4.5 Phan tich va lap danh muc cac mdi nguy hai va cac bien phap phong ngu-a - Xac djnh cac CCP

Tien hanh phan tich mdi nguy theo so do cay (Phu luc 4) 3 cau hdi (ddi vdi nguyen lieu) va 4 cau hdi (ddi vdi quy trinh) Ndi dung phan tich va xac dinh cac CCP nhu Bang phan tich CCP

(Phu luc 5)

3.3.4.6 Thiet lap he thong giam sat cho tirng CCP

He thdng giam sat phai dugc xac dinh mdt each cu the bao gdm:

- Ndi dung giam sat la gi?

- Giam sat bdng each nao?

- Tan suat giam sat lien tuc hay gian doan

- Ai giam sat?

Ngi dung cua he thdng giam sat dugc ghi vao Bang ke hoach HACCP (Phu luc 6)

3.3.4.7 Thiet lap cac hanh dong khac phuc sva chira

Muc tieu cua chuong trinh HACCP la xac dinh nhanh chdng cac vi pham ngudng tdi han Phat hien vi pham cang nhanh thi thuc hien hanh ddng sira chira cang de dang va lugng san phdm phai xii ly cang it Hanh ddng sira chiia phai tien hanh tiic thi khi phat hien ra sir vi pham ngudng tdi han tai mdt CCP

Hanh ddng sira chiia bao gdm 2 phan, dd la: hieu chinh, loai trir nguyen nhan gay vi pham, khdi phuc su kiem soat qua trinh va xac dinh miic do vi pham cua cac Id san pham trong thdi gian xay

ra sai lech, xac dinh each thiic xir ly chiing

Cac hanh ddng siia chiia cho timg CCP dugc ghi vao Bang ke hoach HACCP

3.3.4.8 Thiet lap cac thii tuc tham tra

Thiet lap cac hoat ddng tham tra cho moi CCP la het siic can thiet de dam bao rang cac thu tuc kiem soat dugc sir dung la hiru hieu; chiing hoat ddng va dugc hieu chuan trong pham vi thich hgp de kiem soat am toan thuc pham Ngoai ra, tham tra CCP bao gdm xem xet viec hieu chuan, giam sat va hd sa hanh ddng sira chiia d cac CCP dl khang dinh viec tuan thii kl hoach HACCP Tham tra CCP ciing cd the bao gdm lay mau va thu nghiem khi can thiet

Caic hoat ddng tham tra cho moi CCP cu the dugc ghi vao Bang ke hoach HACCP

3.3.4.9 Thiet lap bo tai lieu va liru giir ho so HACCP

Viec luu giii hd sa cd hieu qua va chinh xac ddng vai trd quan trgng trong ap dung he thdng HACCP Cac thii tuc HACCP phai dugc ghi thanh van ban Viec lap bd tai lieu va luu giur hd sa phai phu hgp vdi tinh chat va quy md cua qua trinh hoat ddng Hd sa ghi chep la cong cu quan trgng nhat de cd the van hanh mdt he thdng HACCP cd hieu qua

Cac loai tai lieu gdm: phan tich mdi nguy, xac dinh cac CCPs, xac dinh ngudng tdi han

Cac loai hd sa bao gdm: Hd so giam sat CCP, hd so ve cac sai lech va nhirng hanh ddng khac phuc kem theo, hd so ve hoat ddng tham tra

Phan IV: KET LUAN 4.1 Cong thirc sira bot co bo sung vi chat

4.1.1 Sira cong thirc

Lira chgn sira bdt tan nhanh cua New Zealand, chat beo siia ciia Malaysia theo ty le sau:

siia bdt nguyen kem: siia bdt gdy: chat beo = 15: 40: 35

4.1.2 Cong thirc premix

bd sung 460mg/100g san pham

4.1.3 Cong thirc sira bot co bo sung vi chat

Cdng thiic sira bdt cd bd sung vi chat la hdn hgp sira cdng thiic, premix nguyen lieu phu dugc phdi trdn theo ti le sau:

Sira cdng thurc: 88,64% L-lysine: 0.9%

Premix: 0.46% FOS-inullin: 4%

Dudng: 6%

4.2 Quy trinh san xuat sii-a hot

Qui trinh san xuat sira: dugc xay dimg dam bao nghiem ngat ve ve sinh an toan thuc pham, qui trinh trdn theo nguyen tac trdn da cap

4.3 Chat lu-gng cua sira theo thoi gian bao quan:

Sau 6 thang bao quan ve ham lugng protein, lipid, glucid, canxi, kem, lysine gan nhu khdng thay ddi, ham lugng vitamin A giam 25% va vitamin D giam 13% Chi tieu vi sinh sau 6 thang bao quan dat tieu chuan 46 cua Bd Y te

4.3 He thong tai lieu quan li san xuat sira theo HACCP code 2003

Da xay dung dugc bd tai lieu quan ly san xuat siia cho tre 1-5 tudi tai co sd 2, TTTPDD theo HACCP code 2003, thdng qua bd tai lieu nay ca sd san xuat se tu kiem soat dugc chat lugng cua san phdm Dam bao san phdm khi xuat kho dat chat lugng, an toan ve sinh thirc pham, dap iing dugc yeu cau cua khach hang

Phan V: KIEN NGHI

1 San phdm nen dugc theo ddi chdt lugng trong thdi gian dai hon de cd the dua ra han su dung cua san pham

2 Nen cd danh gia chinh thirc dl cdng nhan tieu chudn HACCP cho san xuat san pham siia bdt trong gian tdi

TAI LI$U THAM KHAO

1 Black R.E et al (2008) Maternal and child under nutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences The Lancet 2008, 5-22

2 Ha Huy Khdi (2001) Dinh dudng trong thdi ky chuyen tiep Nha xuat ban Y hgc, Ha Ngi

3 TrSn Dang (2004) Md'i nguy ve sinh an toan thirc phdm - Chuong trinh kiem soat GMP, GHP va He thdng quan li chat lugng HACCP Nha xuat ban y hgc, Ha Ndi

4 Le Thi Hgp, Ha Huy Khdi (2007) Dinh dudng va tang trudng thi tuc cua ngudi Viet Nam trong giai doanl975- 2005 Tap chi Dinh dudng va Thuc phdm 2007, 1,2-13

5 Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Ninh NX 1999 Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children indeveloping countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials J Pediatr 135: 689 - 697

6 WHO/UNICEF Joint statement 2004 Clinical management of acute diarrhea

7 Peter L.P, Shibani G (2004) Lysine fortification: Past, present and future Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 25, 111-112

8 Le Thi Hai, Nguyen Thi Lam, Pham Thu Huong, Hoang The Yet, Nguyen Thanh Ha, Nguyln Luang Hanh (2001) Danh gia hieu qua bdt cd bo sung men tieu hda va vi cha't tren tre em 6 - 24 thang tudi 2 xa ndng thdn miln niii

9 Trdn Thi Huan, Nguyln Xuan Ninh, Nguyln Thi Lam (2003) Hieu qua cua bd sung banh bich qui giau chat dinh dudng tdi tinh trang vitamin A va thieu mau d hoc sinh tieu hgc Y hgc Viet Nam so 9, 10/2003, 54-61

10 Trung NQ, Ninh NX, Nhien NV va Cs (2000) Tac dung bo sung sdt, kem dd'i vdi tang tnrdng va phdng chdng thieu mau d tre nhd Tap chi Y hgc du phdng 10(46)

11 Ha Duyen Tu (2006) Ky thuat phan tich cam quan thuc phdm Nha xua't ban khoa hgc

Phu Ivc 1: S 6 TAY CHAT L U O N G SAN PHAM SC'A BQT CHO TRE 1 - 5 TUOI

CHINH SACH AN TOAN

1 '

CHl/ONG M d DAU:

G i d l THIEU TRUNG TAM THlJC PHAM DINH D U O N G - VIEN DINH D U O N G

1.1 Dia chi: VSn phong: 48 Tang Bat H6', Quan Hai Ba Triftig, Thanh Pho Ha Npi

o Xvtdng san xu§'t: TriTcfng Dai hoc Nong nghiep, Trflu Quy, Huy^n Gia LSm

1.2 Ctfsotphapl^:

o Trung T9m ThUc PhS'm Dinh DrfSng dUdc thanh lap iheo Quyei dinh so 18/QD/TCCV ngay

2.'i/3/2004 cua Vien trUdng Vien Dinh Dir3ng,

o Gidi thi^u torn tat vl Trung T§m Thi/c Pha'm Dinh DiTSng:

Trung Tam Thrfc Pha'm Dinh Di/Sng la dOn vi triTc thuoc Vien Dinh du'Sng Vdi tong so can bo cong nhan vien

ciia trung tam la 10 ngifdi diroc hoat dong vdi cac chtJc nSng va nhieni vu da dugc phan cone cua Vien dinh duong

CHUCfNG 1:

PHAM VI AP DUNG

sd tay HACCP nay nhJim xac dinh va mo la h6 ihong Iciem soat cac moi nguy trong qua irinh san xua't

ciia Tmng Tam ThiTc Pham Dinh Dirdng de dam bao sir an toan v6 sinh doi vdi cac san pham cua Trung Tam

He thong an toin cua Trung Tam Thifc Pham Dinh IDi/Cng dUOc mo la irong so lay nay dap (Jng iheo tieu

chuan HACCP Code 2003

Trong so tay niy cung mo la trach nhiSm - quyen han cua cac can bo quan ly va ciic thanh vien ciia doi

HACCP ve van de lien quan de'n an loan ve sinh thirc pham cua Trung Tam

Pham vi dp dung:

H$ thong HACCP dudc mo ta trong so tay nay diTdc xay difng va ap dung tai xirdng san xua'i thifc pham

dinh diTdng: xa Trau Quy, Gia Lam Ha Noi, Viet Nam Cua Trung Tam Thi/c Pham Dmh Dirdng - Vien Dinh

dirdng

H0 thong dUdc mo la trong so tay niiy dUdc xay dirng va ap dung cho cac hoat dong siin xuiii ciia Trung

Tam bao gom tii khau mua nguyen vat lieu de'n tchi giao hiing cua san phiim siJa boi

CHUONG 2:

TIEU CHUAN THAM KHAO Tieu chuan HACCP Code 2003; Quy pham thirc hanh HACCP cho chirdng irinh an loan ihiTc phiim quyei dinh

46/2007/BYT

•ISO 5542 ; 1984 SiJa Xac djnh ham lugng protein — Phirong phap nhugm mau den Amido (Milk

-Determination of protein content - Amido black d\e-binding method)

TCVN 4830-89 (ISO 6888 : 1983) Vi sinh vat hgc Huang dan chung phirong phap dim w khiuin

staphylococcus aureus Ky thuat dem khuan lac

TCVN 4991 - 89 (ISO 7937 : 1985) Vi sinh \at hoc Huang dan chung s i phuong phap dim Clostridium

perfringens Ky thuat dem khudn lac

TCVN 5165-90 San pham thirc pham Phuong phap \ac dinh tong so \ i khuan hieu khi

TCVN 5533 : 19991 Sua dac va sua bgt Xac dinh ham lugng chat kho \a ham lirgng nirdc

TCVN 5779 : 1994 SOa bgt v^ sua dSc co dudng Phuang phap xac djnh ham lirgng chi

TCVN 5780 : 1994 Sua bgt va sua dac co dudng Phuang phap xac dinh ham lirgng asen (As)

TCVN 6262-1 : 1997 (ISO 5541-1 : 1986) Sira va san pham sua - Djnh lugng Coliform Phiin I: Kv thuat dem

khuSn lac d 30 °C

TCVN 6262-2 : 1997 (ISO 5541-2 : 1986) Sua va san pham sua Djnh lugng Coliform Phan 2: Ky thuat dim

s6 CO xac suat Idn nhat d 30 'X'

TCVN 6265 : 1997 (ISO 6611 : 1992) Sua \a san pham sua Dinh lugng dan \i khuan lac nSm men \a/hoac nam

moc Ky thu^t dfim khuan lac d 25 "C

TCVN 6400 : 1998 (ISO 707 : 1997) SUa va san pham sua Hudng dan lay mau

TCVN 6402 : 1998 (ISO 6785 : 1985) Sua va san pham sua - Phil hien Salmonella

TCVN^6505-1 : 1999 (ISO 11866-1 : 1997) Sua va san pham sira - ' Djnh lugng ll.Coli gia dinh Phan I: Kv

• thu^it dem s6 cd xac sudt Idn nhdt (MPN)

TCVN 6505-2 : 1999 (ISO 11866-2 : 1997) Sua va san pham sua - Djnh lugng J-lColi gia djnh Phin 2: Kv

thuat dem so cd xac sudt ldn nhat (MPN) diing 4 metylumbelifervl-b-D-GlucuronitlMUG)

TCVN 6505-3 : 1999 (ISO 11866-3 : 1997) Sua va' san pham'siia - Djnh luang E.Coli m dinh Phdn V Kv

thu^t dem khuan lac d 44 "C su dung mang lgc

TCVN 6511: 1999 (ISO 8156 : 1987) SiJa bgt \a san pham sira bdt Xac dinh chi s6 khdnu hoa tan

• TCVN 6843 : 2001 (ISO 6092 ; 1980) Siira bgt Xac djnh do axil chuan do (phuong phap chuanj

• f c V N 7084 : 2002 (ISO 1736 : 2000) Sira bot Xac dinh ham lugng chdt beo Phuang phap khdi lugng (phuong phap chudn)

CHUONG 3:

HE THONG QUAN LY S.lCOCAUTOCHLfC:

A SO DO TO CHtrc CUA TRUNG T.AM:

GIAM DOC TRUNG TAM

Dpi trudng HACCP

PGD phu trach kjnh doanh PGD phii trach nghien citu

Ke' todn

Vattu

Ky thuat, xudng SX

Nghien cu-uCN

B CAC CONG DOAN SAN XUAT

I C6ng doan nghiin nguven lidu

1 Vi tri: Phu trach cong doan nghien nguyen lieu

2 Bao cao: Phu trach xiTofng

3 Trach nhi$m:

•^ Chiu trach nhiem kiem Ira giam sal cac thdng so' lien quan de'n qua trinh san xua't tai cdng doan nghien

nham dam bao chat lu'dng va an loan ciia ban thanh pham

•^ Kiem tra chat Iirdng ban thanh pham (dUdng) trUdc khi giao cho cac cong doan tiep theo

•^ ThUc hi?n ve sinh nha xUdng, may mdc thie't bj trUdc san xua't cung nhu' sau qua trinh siin xua't nhilm

dam bao ludn sach se

.f"^ Cd trich nhiem bao cao phu trach san xua't cac van de lien quan de'n sir mat kiem soat cac thdng so' trong qua trinh san xua't

^ Chiu trach nhiem ve mgi sir khdng phii hdp trong bd phin minh trUdc phu trach san xua't va cdng nghe

•^ Ghi chep va cap nhat day du ho sd theo ddi cac cdng doan dUdc phan cong

<^ De xua't cic bien phap nham ngan ngira viec xuat hien sir khdng phii hdp doi vdi san pham, qui trinh cdng nghe va he thd'ng an toan thirc pha'm theo HACCP CODE:2003

•^ Ho trd cic cong doan khac trien khai thirc hien cdng viec khi dUdc phan cdng

4 QuyIn ban

•^ De xuat cai lien cac van de lien quan den cdng nghe, chat lu'dng va an loan cua thirc pham

'^ De xua't siJa chiJa may mdc thie't bi

v^ Quyen dUdc yeu cau cung cap day dii nguon lire de thirc hien trach nhiem neu tren

5 Y3u c i u kha nang va kinh nghiem tdi thieu

'^ Tot nghiep trung hgc

»^ ft nha't 1 nam kinh nghiem

•^ Am hieu c i c hoat dgng nganh san xua't thirc pham

6 Uy quyIn khi vang mat

<^ Do phu trich san xua't phan cdng trirc tiep

Tdi da dgc, am hieu va cam ke't thUc hien Trach nhiem - Quyen han iheo bang nay

II t d n g doan trdn san pha'm

3 Trich nhi^m:

•^ Chiu trich nhiem kiem tra giam sal cac thdng sd' lien quan den qua trinh san xuat tai cdng doan iron

nh^m dam bao chat lUdng va an loan cua thanh pham

'^ Kiem tra cha't lUdng thanh pham (sffa bdt) trUdc khi giao cho cac cdng doan tiep theo

•^ ThiTc hi$n ve sinh nha xu'dng may mdc thie't bj trUdc san xua't cung nhu' sau qua trinh san xua'i nhim

dam bao ludn sach se

•^ Cd trich nhi#m bao cao phu trach san xuat cac va'n de lien quan de'n sir mat kiem soal cac thdng sd'

trong qui trinh san xua't

^ Chiu trich nhiem ve mgi sir khdng phii hdp trong bd phan minh trUdc phu trach san xua't va cdng nghe

•^ Ghi ch^p va cap nhat day du ho sd theo ddi cac cdng doan dUdc phan cdng

•^ De xua't cic bipn phap nhSm ngin ngira viec xua't hien sir khdng phii hdp dd'i vdi san pham, qui irinh

cdng nghe va he thd'ng an toan thirc pham theo HACCP CODE:2003

v' Theo ddi kiem tra chat lu'dng bao bi irUdc khi dUa viio san xua't

v^ Kiem tra 100% cac gdi trUdc khi chuyen sang cdng doan tiep theo

•^ Ho trd cac cdng doan khac trien khai thUc hien cdng viec khi dugc phan cdng

4 QuyIn han

^ De xuat cai tien cac van de lien quan de'n cdng nghe chat lu'dng va an toan cua thiTc pham

^ De xua't stfa chiTa may mdc thiet bi

•^ Loai bo ta't ca cac bao bi khdng dam bao chat lu'dng va an loan cho thirc pham

^ Quyen diTdc yeu cau cung ca'p day du nguon lire de thUc hien trach nhiem neu tren

5 Y€u c i u kha n i n g va kinh nghifim tdi thieu

•^ Tot nghiep trung hgc

^ It nha't 1 nam kinh nghiem

•^ Am hieu cic hoat ddng nginh san xua't thirc pham

6 Uy quyIn khi ving mat

^ Do phu trich san xua't phan cdng trirc tiep

III Cdng doan ddng gdi san phS'ni

1 Vi tri: Phu trich cong doan ddng gdi

2 Bao c i o : Phu trich xUdng

3 Trach nhi^m:

1^ Chiu trich nhiem kiem tra giam sat cac thdng so' lien quan de'n qua trinh san xua't tai cdng doan ddng gdi nhim dam bao chat lu'dng va an loan cua san pham

•^ Kiem tra chat lu'dng san pham trUdc khi giao cho cac cdng doan liep Iheo

•^ ThiTc hign ve sinh nha xu'dng, may mdc thie't bi trUdc san xua't ciing nhU sau qua trinh san xua't nhim

dam bao ludn sach se

•^ Cd trach nhiem bao ciio phu trach san xuat cac vii'n do lien quan de'n su mii't kicm >^nni c:ic ihnng sn

trong qua trinh san xua't

y Chiu trich nhiem ve mgi sir khdng phii hdp trong bd phan minh tru'dc phu trach san xua't va cdng nghe

•^ Ghi chep va cap nhat day du ho sd theo ddi cac cdng doan dirdc phan cdng

•^ De xua't cic bien phap nham ngin ngira viec xua't hien sir khdng phii hop dd'i vdi san pham, qui irinh

cdng ngh? va he thd'ng an toan thirc pham theo HACCP CODE:2003

^ Theo ddi kiem tra cha't liTdng bao bi trirdc khi dUa vao san xua't

v^ Kiem tra 100% cac gdi tru'dc khi chuyen sang cdng doan tiep theo

v^ Ho trd cac cdng doan khac trie'n khai thirc hien cdng viec khi dugc phan cdng

4 QuyIn han

^ De xuat cai tien cac van de lien quan de'n cdng nghe, cha't lu'dng va an loan cua ihirc pham

v^ De xua't sufa chita may mdc thie't bj

•^ Loai bo ta't ca c i c bao bi khdng dam bao chat lu'dng va an loan cho ihirc phiim

•^ Quyen dUdc yeu cau cung cap day du nguon lire de thirc hien trach nhiem neu tren

5 Y6u c i u kha ning va kinh nghiem tdi thieu

•^ Tot nghi$p trung hgc

•^ It nha't 1 nim kinh nghiem

'^ Am hieu cic hoai ddng nginh san xua't ihiTc pham

6 Uy quyIn khi v i n g m i t

1 Vi tri: Phu trich cdng doan kiim tra va hoan thifin san pha'm

2 B i o c i o : Phu trach \iidng

3 Trich nhi^m:

^ Chiu trich nhiem kiem ira giam sat cac san pham nham dam bao chat liTdng va an loan cOa san pham

/ ThUc hien ve sinh nha xu'dng, miy mdc thie't bi trUdc san xua't cung nhU sau qua trinh san xual nhim dam bao ludn sach se

^ Cd trich nhiem b i o cio phu trach san xua't cac van de lien quan de'n sir mat kiem soal cac thdng sd

trong qua trinh san xuat

^ Chiu trich nhiem ve mgi sir khdng phu hop trong bd phan minh irUdc phu trach san xua't va cdng nghe

^ Ghi chep va cap nhat day du ho so theo ddi cac cdng doan du^dc phan cdng

"^ De xua't cic bien phap nham ngin ngira viec xua't hien sir khdng phii hdp dd'i vdi san pha'm qui irlnh cdng nghe va he thd'ng an loan thirc pham theo HACCP CODE:2003

^ Kiem tra 100% cac gdi trirdc khi ddng thiing

^ Ho trd c i c cdng doan khac trien khai thiTc hien cdng viec khi diTdc phan cdng

4 QuyIn han

•^ De xuat cai tien cac van de lien quan de'n cdng nghe, cha't lu'dng va an toan cua thUc pham

^ De xua't sufa chiJa may moc thie't hi

•^ Quyen dUdc yeu cau cung cap day du nguon lire de thu'c hien trach nhiem neu tren

5 Y6u c i u kha ning va kinh nghiem tdi thieu

^ Tot nghiep trung hgc

'/' It nhat 1 nim kinh nghiem

^ Am hieu c i c hoat dgng nganh san xua't thUc pha'm

6 Uy quyIn khi v i n g mat

•^ Do phu trich san xua't phan cdng triTc liep

VII Phu trich kho nguven lieu va thanh pha'm

1 Vi tri: Phu trach kho

2 Bao c i o : Phu trich xiTdng

3 Trach nhiem:

^ Chiu trich nhiem xua't nhip nguyen vat lieu va thanh pham

^ Sap xep hang trong kho theo quy dinh

^ ThiTc hign vg sinh kho nhim dam bao ludn sach se

v' Cd trich nhiem bao cio phu trach san xua't, phu trach ban hang, Giam ddc Trung Tam cac van de lien quan den kho

''' Chiu trich nhiem ve mgi sir khdng phii hdp lien quan de'n hoat dgng quan ly kho

v^ Ghi ch6p va cap nhat day du ho sd bao gom (the kho, phie'u nhap, phie'u xua't)

'^ De xua't cac bien phap nhim ngan ngira viec xua't hien sir khdng phu hdp lien quan de'n kho nhiim dam bao an loan thirc pha'm theo HACCP CODE:2003

•^ Dam bao nguyen vat lieu cho cac cdng doan san xua't

^ Ho trd cac cdng doan khac trien khai thUc hien cdng viec khi dUdc phan cdng

4 QuyIn han

v^ De xuat cai tie'n cac van de lien quan de'n hoat ddng quiin ly kho

^ Quyen diTdc yeu cau cung cap day du nguon lUc de thUc hien trach nhiem neu tren

5 Y6u c i u kha ning va kinh nghigm td'i thieu

v^ Tot nghi$p trung hgc

'^ It nha't 1 nam kinh nghiem

^ Am hieu c i c hoat ddng nginh san xua't thUc pham

6 Uy quyIn khi vang mat

^ Do phu trach san xua't phan cdng trirc tiep

Phu luc 2: QUY PHAM THl^C HANH SAN XUAT TOT (GMP)

GMP 1: T I E P NHAN NGUYEN LIEU VA L U U KHO

I Quy trinh:

1 Nguyen lieu trudc khi nhap kho phai dirdc kiem tra danh gia cam quan ve cha't lu'dng nhu'do a'm, mau sic mdi vi, tap cha't va trang thai

2 Kiem tra ve kich cd, khd'i lirgng tinh trang bao bi va nhan mic neu cd

3 Sau khi kiem tra xong thu kho xic dinh khd'i liTdng, so liTdng nguyen lieu va nhap nguyen lieu vao kho, ghi thdng tin chi tiet vao ho sd theo ddi

4 Nguyen lieu neu chiTa san xua't ngay dirdc cat giiJ va bao quan trong kho diing ndi quy dinh dam bao dieu ki#n bao quan phu hdp de trinh lam hir hong nguyen lieu

5 Sau khi tiep nhan nguyen lieu xong phai ve sinh sach se khu tiep nhan va cac dung cu su" dung khac

II C i c thii tuc c i n tu§n thii:

1.Chuan bi diing cu

- Can ky thuit

- Dung cu lay mau

- Thiet hi kiem tra do am

- Dung cu kiem tra tap chat

- Chuan bi dung cu va khu liep nhan nguyen lieu dam bao yeu cau ve sinh tdt

- Dam bao kho nguyen lieu phai dii dieu kien ve nhiet dp, do a'm, anh sang dap rfng yeu cau bao quan nguyen lieu

)i vdi nguyen lieu

Ten iiguycu lieu StTa bgt (sufa nguyen

kem, siJa gay, chat beo sffa)

< 5 Khdng cd

Hat dong deu

Mau vang sing khdng

cd hat mau la (xim

xanh, den), cd miii thdm dac trmig

Khdng cd cic tap chat

Dirdng

< 5 Khdng cd

Hal dong deu

Mau trdng khdng cd hat mau la (xam

xanh, den), cd mill thdm dac trUng

Khdng cd cac tap chat

Premix

< 4 Khdng cd

Dong deu

Mau nau sang khdng cd hat mau la (xam

xanh, den), cd miii thom dac trffng

Khdng cd cac lap chat

FOS/inulin

< 5 Khdng cd

Dong deu Mau tring khdng cd hat mau la (xam

xanh, den), cd mui thdm dac trUng

Khdng cd cic tap chat

lysine

<5 Khdng cd

Dong deu Mau trang khdng cd hat mau la (xam xanh, den), cd mill thdm dac irffng

Khdng cd cac tap chii'l

III P h i n cdng t r i c h nhi$m v i bidu m i u giim s i t :

- Phu trich cung ufng vat l\X va thii kho phai chju trach nhiem thirc hien ding GMP da quy dinh

- Ddi phd dgi HACCP phai chiu trach nhiem giam sat mgi hoai dgng trong qua trinh tiep nhan lull kho va bao quan nguyen li?u diing yeu cau ky thuat va dung ndi quy djnh

- Trong qui trinh tiep nhan, lull kho nguyen lieu, nc'u cd van de khd khan phat sinh ddi plid HACCP phiii bao cio vdi dgi trirdng HACCP de ciing nhau xem xet va giai quye't cho phu hdp

- Mgi hoat ddng va giam sat phai luM ho sd theo ddi

- Ho sd phai diTdc Iu\i giff it nha't I nam

- Ke't qua kiem tra nguyen lieu dau vao diTdc lull trong bieu mau BM-VDD-SX-1

- Hing ngay ghi chep nhiet dd, do am trong kho vao bieu mau theo ddi

GMP 2: KIEM TRA DQ AM

1 Dd'i ttf(fng kifi'm tra: Sura bgt nguyen lieu, dirdng kinh trdng, Premix, FOS/inulin, Lysine

2 Y6u c i u :

; - Dam bao thiTc hien dung yeu cau qui dinh, chinh xic, nhanh, trung ihirc

Yeu cau bing ca'p: Td'i thieu tdt nghiep trung cap thirc pha'm trd len

Dien giai va lull y

Can phan lich cd do chinh xac de'n ling

Dung cu chia mau : Xien lay mau, khay chia mSu

Mdt so'dTa bat nhd (dima dUOc lOOe nauven lieu), mav xac dinh do am nhanh Trdn deu mau trung binh sau dd dung dung cu chia mau hoac bang phUdng phap chia cheo de chia miu thinh mau luii va cac mau phan tich Mau lull phai dUng trong bao Polyetilen khd va sach Thdi gian bao quan mau liTu khdng qua 3 thang

Xac dinh dd am (theo hUdng dan van hanh cua thie't bi do) Ghi ket qua vao so theo ddi cua KCS

• Do am: theo sd' hien thj tren thie't bi do(%) Ghi vao phie'u ke't qua BM-VDD-SX-1

GMP 3: KIEM TRA S C A

l.Yguclu:

Dam bao thUe hicn dung yeu cau qui djnh, chinh xac, nhanh, trung thiTc

Yeu cau bang cap: Td'i thieu tdt nghiep trung cap thirc pha'm trd len

2.N(ii dung:

• Cac chi tieu hoa ly, vi sinh vat ciia sffa hot yeu cau nha cung cap chiing minh (cd CA, CO)

• Kiem tra ngoai quan va do am dffdc lien hanh:

Dien giai va \vtu y

Can phan tich cd do chinh xac de'n Img

Dung cu chia mau : Xien lay mau, khay chia mau

Mdt sd' dia, bit nhd (dffng dUdc lOOg sffa)

Trdn deu mau trung binh, sau dd dung dung cu chia mau hoac biing phUOng phap chia cheo de chia mau thanh mau lull va cac mau phan lich Mau lull phiii diTng trong bao Polyetilen khd va sach Thdi gian bao quan mau lull khdng qua

3 thing

- Xac dinh cam quan theo tieu chua'n cd sci

- Xic dinh do a'm ciia sffa bang miy do do am

- Ghi ke't qua vao sd' theo ddi cua KCS

- Dd am: ihco so' hicn thj ircn thie't bj dol^f) Ghi vao phie'u ke't qua BM-VDD-SX-1

GMP 4: KIEM TRA DUONG

1 Dd'i tiTpfng ki^m tra: Dirdng

2 Yeu cau:

Dam bao thu'c Yeu cau bing

3 Ndi dung

hien dung yeu cau qui dinh, chinh xac, nhanh, trung thirc

cap: Td'i thieu td'i nghiep trung ca'p thffc pha'm trd len

Birdc Ten cdng

vice Chuan bi

duns eu

Chuan bj

mau thii'

Dien giai va li/u y

Can phan tich cd do chinh xac de'n Img

Dung cu ehia mau : Xien lay mau, khay chia mau

Trdn deu mau trung binh, sau dd dung dung cu chia mau hoac bing phiTdng phap chia cheo de chia mau thanh mdu liru va cac mau phan tich Mau Iffu phai dffng trong bao Polyetilen khd va sach Thdi gian bao quan mau lull khdng qua