Nghiên cứu ứng dụng công nghệ tiên tiến vào sản xuất gia công sản phẩm nông dược dạng hạt phân tán trong nước (WDG) phục vụ nông nghiệp

TOM TAT DE TAI 1/ Nghien cu:u cong thirc san xuat cac san pham dang WDG, tap trung vao 4 san pham dai dien: VIRIGENT 800 WDG Thu6c trir sau VIMATOX 50 WDG Thu6c trir sau VIALPHOS 800

^

TAP DOAN HOA CHAT VIET NAM

CONG TY CO PHAN THUOC SAT TRUNG VIET NAM

BAO CAO TONG KET

De tai:

NGHIEN ClTU iTNG DUNG CONG NGHE TIEN TIEN VAO SAN X U A T G I A CONG SAN P H A M N O N G DtTOC DANG HAT PHAN T A N T R O N G NITOC ( W D G )

PHUC VU NONG NGHIEP

Chii nhiem de tai : Ngo Van Dat

P.T6NG GIAM e6c

Tp Ho ChiMinh , Thang 03 nam 2010

3 o / 6 f ioi<i

AP DOAN HOA CHAT VIET NAM

PHAN THUOC SAT TRUNG VIET NAM

/j/jBAO CAO TONG KET

De tai:

NGHIEN CUU UNG DUNG CONG NGHE TIEN TIEN VAO SAN X U A T GIA CONG SAN P H A M NONG DU^OC D^NG HAT PHAN TAN TRONG NUOC (WDG) PHUC VV NONG

N G H I E P

Thuc hien theo hop ddng s6 017 09.RD.BS/HD-KHCN ngay 20 thang 03 nam 2009 giiia Bo Cong Thuong va Cong Ty Co Phan Thuoc Sat Trung Viet Nam

Chu nhiem de tai : KS Ngo Van Dat Cac thanh vien tham gia :

KS Tran Thj Mpng Thu

KS Tran Phu Quoc

KS Vu Thanh Tinh

KS T r k Thj Anh Thu KTV Hoang Vu

Tp.Hd Chi Minh ,lhang 03 nam 2010

MUC LUC

MOOAU

KY HIEU VA CAC C H C VIET TAT

TOM T A T KET QUA DE TAI

Chirffng 1: TONG QUAN

I Gio'i thieu chung ve cac dang gia cong thuoc bao ve thu'c vat

r 1 Vai tro va y nghia ciia gia cong thuoc BVTV

1.2 Cac dang gia cong chinh

1.2.1 Dang long

1.2.2 Dang rjn

1.3 Cac xu huang gia cong hien nay

II Dang hat phan tan trong nu-ffc (WDG)

II 1 Gioi thieu chung

II.2 Cong nghS gia cong dang WDG

II.2.1 Thanh phan hon hop:

11.2.2 Cong nghe san xuat

II.2.2.1 Cac phirong phap san xuat WDG

11."'.2.'' Nhtrng yeu to lien quan den cong nghe

11.2.2.3 Lira chon phirong phap tao hat WDG cho de tai

III Tinh hinh nghien cihi va san xuSt trong nu-6'e

III 1 Nhu cSu sii dung thuoc BVTV a Viet Nam

II1.2 Tinh hinh nghien ciju va san xuat dang WDG tai Viet Nam

Chu'ongll THirC NGHIEM

I Phu-otig phap tien hanh nghien cihi

1.1 Lira chpn cong nghe cho de tai

1.2 Cac yku t6 anh hirong den cong nghe gia cong va chat luong san

II Thiet bi, nguyen vat lieu

U.I Thiltbi

II.2 Dungcu

II.3 Hoachit

III Phirong phap phan tich chat lirong san pham

III.l Tieu chuan san pham

III.2 Xac dinh ham luong hoat chat

III.3 Cac phuong phap xac dinh tieu chuan san pham

IV Khao nghiem sinh hoc ciia san pham

Chn-o-ng 3: KET QUA VA THAO LUAN

I Khao sat cac yen to anh hu'o'ng toi cong nghe va chat lu'gng

san pham

/./ Phirffngphap ep ditn

1.1.1 Khao sat anh huong cua chat hoat dong be mat (HDBM)

1.1.1.1 Lua chon chat HDBM cho gia cong mot so san pham

1.1.1.2 Ket qua lua chon chat HDBM cho gia cong cac san pham

1.1.2 Anh huong cua chat ket dinh trong gia cong dangWDG

1.1.3 Ket luan ve khao sat cac yeu to anh huong toi phuong phap

ep dim

1.2 Phircmgphap say tang soi

1.2.1 Khao sat anh huong ciia luu luong phun chat ket dinh

1.2.2 Khao sat anh huong cua nhiet do say

1.2.3 Khao sat anh huong cua thai gian say

II Phan tich danh gia san pham

III Ket qua thir hieu lire sinh hoc ciia san pham

III 1 Doi tugng khao nghiem

1II.2 Noi dung va qui mo va phuong phap khao nghiem

III.3 Ket qua khao nghiem

IV De xuat qui trinh cong nghe san xuat san pham dangWDG

IV 1 Cong thiic gia cong va dinh mirc nguyen lieu

IV De xuat qui trinh cong nghe, thiet bi

IV 1 Mo td qui trinh cong nghe 48

52

54 V: Ket luan va kien nghi

Tai lieu tham khao

Phu luc

~5r

Phu luc 2 : Phieu ket qua thu nghiem

Phu luc 4 : Xac dinh ham luong Emamectin Benzoate

Phu luc 5: Xac dinh ham luong Fosetyl Aluminium

Phu luc 6 : Xac dinh ham luong Gibberellic Acid

Phu luc 7 : Khao sat hieu luc Virigent 800WDG

Phu luc 8 : So s4nh hieu luc ciia cac mau Vimatox

Phu luc 9 : Bao cao ket qua thir nghiem anh huong ciia Vimogreen tren cay lua Phu luc 10 : Bao cao ket qua khao nghiem hieu luc phong trii benh moc

suong hai dua leo cua thuoc Vialphos 800 WDG

MCKDAU Trong san xuat nong nghiep, viec sii dung cac che pham nong duoc de phong trir sau benh, c6 dai, kich thich,dieu hoa sinh truong nham tang nang suat cay trong la can thiet.Tuy nhien, sir dung nhieu hoa chat nong dugc trong canh tac nong nghiep ciing gay hau qua xau doi vai con nguod va moi truong

De giam thieu tac dong xau ciia cac hoa chat nong duac, dac biet la hoa chat BVTV, xu huong sir dung cac loai thuoc mai, c6 nguon goc sinh hoc,

it gay 6 nhiem da phat trien trong thai gian gan day Trong gia cong san pham, viec sir dung cac chat phu gia moi, de kiem, it doc, c6 nguon goc tu nhien cung dang dugc khuyen khich Cac dang gia cong thuoc cung thay doi theo huong han che anh huong toi moi truong Neu nhu truac chu \eu diing mot so dang san pham truyen thong nhu nhu dau (EC), bot tham nuoc (WP), bot (D) thi ngay nay da c6 nhieu dang gia cong tien tien, than thien voi moi truong nhu huyen phii dam dac (SC), nhu dau trong nuac (EW), \'i nhu tuong (ME) trong do, dang hat phan tan trong nude (WDG) ngay cang dugc lua chon va phat trien

Cf Viet Nam hien nay, cac san pham thuoc BVTV dang WDG da tra nen pho bien Chung bao gom cac loai thuoc Tru sau, Trir benh, Trir c6, Kich thich, dieu tiet sinh truong thuc vat Trong Bang danh muc thuoc BVTV dugc phep sir dung tai Viet Nam do Bp Nong Nghiep & Phat Trien Nong Thon (NN&PTNT) ban hanh nam 2009 c6 hon 256 ten thuong pham dang WDG,chigm ty le 10%

Tuy nhien da so cac san pham dang WDG dang luu hanh o Viet Nam deu do cac cong ty nuoc ngoai dang ky va true tiep cung ling hoac cac cong ty trong nuoc nhap ban thanh pham ciia nuoc ngoai ve dong goi, tieu thu tai Viet Nam Cho den nay, chua c6 don vi trong nuoc nao san xuat thuoc BVTV dang WDG

Tir nhu cSu phat trien va tinh thuc te hien nay, viec nghien ciiu va trien khai san xuat cac san pham thuoc BVTV dang WDG tai Viet Nam la can thiet, mang lai y nghia kinh te - xa hoi Ion

Vi v|iy, chung toi de xuat de tai "Nghien ciru ling dung cong nghe tien tien

vac san xuat gia cong san pham nong daac dang hat phan tan trong nirdc

(WDG) phuc vu nong nghiep" %oi muc tieu la tao ra cong nghe san xuat mot

s6 thuoc BVTV dang WDG, c6 the img dung vao san xuat ngay tai Cong ty

CP Thuoc sat triing Viet Nam

Npi dung ciia de tai: Nghien ciiu xay dung cong thirc va qui trinh cong nghe,

thiSt bj gia cong mot so thuoc BVTV dang WDG, ap dung san xuat thir tai Viet Nam nham dan dan thay the cac san pham nhap nggai, tao Igi the canh tranh \ a chii dong trong san xuat

KY HIEU VA CAC C H C VIET TAT

Hoat chat (Active ingredient)

Bao ve thuc vat (Crop Protection)

Hoi dong hop tac phan tich thuoc trir dich hai quoc te

Collaborative international analytical council)

Bot (Dust)

NhQ dau (Emulsifiable concentrate)

Nuoc trong dau (Emulsion water in oil)

Nhu tuong trong nuoc (Emulsion in water)

Co quan bao ve moi truong (Environment Protective Assocition)

To chiic nong luong the gioi (Food and Agriculture Organization) Hat (Granule)

Hiep hoi bao ve miia mang loan cau (The Global Crop Protection Federation)

Chat hoat dong be mat

Ham luong

Sac ky long cao ap

Vi nhu tuong (Micro Emulsion)

Bg Nong Nghiep & Phat Trien Nong Thon

Polyetylene glycol

Polivinyl alcohol

Dung djch (solution)

Bot tan trong nuac, bot hoa nuoc (Soluble powder)

Hat tan trong nuac (Water soluble granule)

Dang huyen phii dam dac (Suspension concentrate)

Dang huyen phii dam dac (Suspension concentrate)

Sau gia toe

Truoc gia toe

Tablets

Dang hot tham nuoc (wettable powder)

Hat phan tan trong nuac (water dispersible granules)

TOM TAT DE TAI

1/ Nghien cu:u cong thirc san xuat cac san pham dang WDG, tap trung vao 4 san pham dai dien:

VIRIGENT 800 WDG ( Thu6c trir sau )

VIMATOX 50 WDG ( Thu6c trir sau )

VIALPHOS 800 WDG ( Thu6c trir benh)

VIMOGREEN 10 WDG (Kich thich t6, digu hoa sinh truong cay tr6ng) 2/ Nghien cira cong nghe va thiet bi san xuat san pham WDG bang hai phuong phap : Ep dim va Say ting soi tao hat

3/ Xay dung phuong phap phan tich bang sac ky 4 san pham tren

4/ San xuat mau moi loai 10 kg san pham

5/ Thir hieu luc sinh hoc doi chung

Bang torn tat cac ket qua dat dirpc ciia de tai

- Say tang soi

Cac ket qua da thirc hien

Da nghien ciru cong thirc 4 san pham -Virigent 800 WDG

-Vimatox 50 WDG -Vialphos 800 WDG -Vimogreen 10 WDG Tat ca 4 cong thirc dua ra deu dat cac chi tieu de ra, cac mau san xuat thii:

Hoat chat on dinh

- Do la limg dat Tien hanh chay gia toe va thii hieu luc sinh hgc deu c6 ket qua tot

Da nghien cim xong cong nghe san xuat va de xuat thiet bi

de Cong Ty dau tu va dua vao san xuat cap Pilot gom

- May nghien khi dong

- May trgn nhao

- May ep dim

- May xat hat

- May sat tang soi tao hat

- May sang rung Qua thir nghiem cho thay chon cong nghe ep dim la chinh, sir dung thiet bi say tang soi de say san pham

San xuat thir

Thir hieu luc

sinh hgc

Da xay dung 4 phuong phap phan tich xac dinh ham lugng hgat chat trong nguyen lieu va san pham, ap dung kiem tra chat lugng san pham truac va sau gia toe

Da san xuat mau 4 san pham moi Igai 10 kg theo phuong phap ep dim ket hop say tang soi

Da CO ket qua thir hieu lire sinh hgc cHa Trung tam BVTV phia Nam, doi chimg vol mot so san pham ciing loai hoat chat nhung khac dang gia cong cho ket qua c6 hieu lire tuong duang

CHU^ONGi TONG QUAN

I Gidi thieu chung ve cac dang gia cong thuoc bao ve thirc vat (BVTV) 1.1 Vai tro va y nghia ciia gia cong thuoc BVTV

Nhu chiing ta da biet gia cong thuoc BVTV la sir dung nhumg nguyen lieu ho?it chat (a.i active ingredient) dudi dang ky thuat va mot s6 thanh ph§n hoa chat khac thich hgp ,de tien hanh san xuat theo mot qua trinh cong nghe

da xac dinh dieu kien san xuat thanh mot san pham hoan chinh ,khi sir dung se

CO hieu qua ,an toan va kinh te

- Tai sao lai phai gia cong thuoc BVTV

Nguyen lieu ky thuat la mot hon hgp gom hoat chat (con ggi la chit hoat dong

hay chat hiru hieu ) va cac tap chat thong thuong cac nha san xuSt t6ng hgp nguyen lieu ky thuat cung cap ra thj truong c6 ham lugng hoat chat hiru hieu tir 80% den 97% chi c6 boat chat mang hoat tinh sinh hoc ,c6 kha nang pha hiiy cac chirc nang song cua sinh vat gay hai cay trong ,n6ng san ; hoac cac kha nang dieu tiet sinh truong sinh vat gay hai miia mang, hoac dieu tiet sinh truong cay trong theo chieu huong c6 Igi cho san xuat nong nghiep

Ngoai trir mot so truong hgp ca biet, nguyen lieu ky thuat khong the dimg true tiep trong cong tac phong trir djch hai Tu than cac nguyen lieu ky thuat khong mang nhCrng dac tinh hoa ly can c6 ,de c6 the de dang hoa loang nhu y muon ,dl dang phun rai deu va bam dinh tren be mat phun (la cay, than ca;',

ca the sinh vat gay hai) tir do hoat chat c6 kha nang xam nhap vao co the djch hai de gay doc cho chung

Muon CO nhirng dac tinh tren, nguyen lieu ky thuat phai qua mot cong doan gia cong ,qua do nguyen lieu ky thuat tiiy thuoc tinh chat ly hoa ciia no se dugc nghien, sang hoac hoa tan trong cac dung moi phoi trgn vai nhung phu gia thich hgp de tao ra cac thanh pham d the ran va the long , Vdi cac nong

do ham lugng khac nhau de dap iimg cac yeu cau da dang cua viec sir dung thuoc BVTV, bao ve cay trong

Nhu vay gia cong thuoc BVTV lam cho vice sir dung hgat chat chinh xac hon, hieu qua hon, thuan tien han va an toan hon Vdi muc dich tang hieu lire, giam

6 nhiem va su dung thuan tien

1.2 Cac dang gia cong chinh

Hien nay, Imh vuc gia cong thuoc BVTV cd rat nhieu tien bg, tao ra hang Igat cac dang thanh pham, dap img dugc cac yeu cau rat da dang ciia cong tac diing thuoc hda hgc bao ve cay trong Tuy nhien chung dugc phan loai thanh hai dang gia cong chinh la : Dang long va dang ran

1.2.1 Dang long

Cac thuoc BVTV gia cong d dang long gom cac loai sau :

SL (Solution concentrate ) thuoc dam dac tan trong nude Thudc d die long ,trong suot hay due, dugc hoa vdi nude thanh dung dich khi phun

EC (Emulsifiable concentrate) Nhu dau hoac sira dam dac Thudc d dang long dong nhat,dugc pha vdi nude tao thanh mot nhii tuong sua de phun

SC (Suspension concentrate) Huyen phu dam dac Thudc huySn phu 6n dinh cua mot hay nhieu hoat chat trong mot chat long thudng la nude San pham hoa loang vdi nude trudc khi diing

EW (Emulsion oil in water ) Sira dau trong nude Thanh pham d dang long khong dong nhat.gom dung djch hoat chat hoa loang trong dung moi hiiu co, dugc phan tan thanh gigt nhd khi pha vdi nude

SE (Super Emulsion ) Dang nhu tuong huyen phii Thanh pham d the long khong ddng nhat.gom mot he phan tan ben ciia mot hoat chat d dang ran dugc gia cong dudi dang SC va mot hoat chat khac dugc gia cong dudi dang EW va tron hon hgp vao nhau

ME (Micro Emulsion ) Vi sua.San pham d the long trong suot hay mau trang siia, chira dau va nude Cd the diing true tiep hoac sau khi hda loang vdi nude thanh mot vi nhu tuong hay mot nhii tuong binh thudng

EO (Emulsion water in oil) Sira nude trong dau Thuoc d dang ldng,khdng dong nhat, gom mot dung djch thuoc trir dich hai trong nude, dugc phan tan thanh nhOng hat rat nhd trong mot dung moi hiru

CO

1.2.2 Dang rin

Bao gom cac dang thanh pham sau :

SP (Soluble Powder ) Bot tan trong nudc,Bgt hoa nude Thanh pham dang bgt,gdm cac thanh phan tan trong nude khi hda vao nude tao thanh mot dung dich de phun

WP (Wettable Powder ) Bot tham nude Thanh pham d dang bot min; khuyech tan dugc trong nude, tao mot huyen phu khi sir dung

WDG (Water dipersible granule) Hat phan tan trong nude Thanh phim dang hat dugc phan ra va khuyech tan trong nude trudc khi dimg

SG (Water soluble granule ) Hat tan trong nude Thanh phim dang hat,khi diing dugc hda vdi nudc,trong thanh pham co chua phu gia khong tan trong nude

- G (Granule ) Hat Thanh pham dang hat,cd kich co hat ddng deu, de dich chuyen,cd ham lugng hoat chat thap, khi sir dung rai true tiep

D (Dust) Bot rac Thanh pham dang bot, cd ham lugng hoat chat thap, khi sir dung rai true tiep

1.3 Cac xu hirdng gia cong hien nay

De dap img nhu cau ve dang san pham tien tien, an toan, than thien, sach vdi moi trudng Cac nha gia cong thudc BVTV tren the gidi cd khu\"nh hudng chuyen doi dang nhu sau :

Chuyen dan cac dang gia cong sir dung dung moi him co dSn xuat tir diu mo nhu dang EC sang cac dang it hoac khong sir dung dung moi de giam sir chay

no, giam doc qua da, giam anh hudng moi trudng nhu cac san pham dang EW ,ME ,SC ,SE

- Chuyen tir dang WP sang SC de tranh san pham cd nhieu bui

- Chuyen tir dang WP va SC sang WDG de su dung ham lugng hoat chat cao

ha gia thanh san pham Dac biet dang WDG la san pham dang hat nhung mang tinh chat phan tan trong nude, tao lo liing huyen phii, phun xit true tiep len doi tugng phong trir, de dang djnh lugng khi sir dung

II Dang hat phan tan trong nude (WDG )

1 Gidi thieu chung

1.1.Khai niem chung

Hat phan tan trong nude ban dau dugc biet nhu la huyen phii khd DF (Drying Flowabeles) vi no dugc hinh thanh bang each bo sung them cong doan sly trong day chuyen san xuat san pham SC Sau do ngudi ta nghien ciiu mot so ky thuat gia cong rieng cho san pham WDG Nd dugc tao bdi lien ket phan tir a i ran vdi cac phu gia,tham irdt, phan tan ,ket dinh tao thanh mot san pham dang hat khong cd buj, hat luu chay tot San pham nay cd the tao huyen phii hay phan tan mot each nhanh chdng khi cho san pham vao binh phun chua nude

V6 hinh dang, kich thudc, cd hat cua dang WDG tuy thudc vao ky thuat san xu4t gia cdng dugc lira chgn

Nd cd thl d dang vi hat, hat hinh cau ddng diu, hat khong ddng deu kich cd

,hat hinh tru ong

1.2 Nhirng uu nhuoc diem ciia dang WDG

-I- Uu diem :

-Khong bi bui khi sir dung ,de dang dong rdt dinh lugng gidng nhu san pham dang long

- Lugng phat thai it ,ham lugng a i cao

- Do ben ly hda cao

- Do phan tan trong nude tot

- Gia thanh bao gdi va van chuyen thap

2 Cong nghe gia cong dang WDG

2.1 Thanh phan gia cong chung

- Thong thudng 1 san pham dang WDG bao gom cac thanh phan chung sau

- Hoat chat a i (active ingredient) 5 - 90%

- Chat tham udt (wetting agent) 1 - 2 %

- Chat phan tan (dispersant) 4 - 1 0 %

- Chat phan ra (Disintegrating agent) 0 - 15%

- Chat mau (pigment) 0 - 6%

- Chit dgn (Filler) 0 - 85%

- Cac chat phu gia khac - can bang 100%

2.2 Cong nghe san xuat

2.2.1 Cac phuong phap san xuat WDG

Tong quat, de san xuat mot san pham dang hat phai qua cac cdng doan chii yeu sau :

1 Trgn cac thanh phan a i va phu gia

2 Nghien

3 Tao hat

4 sly

5 Sang phan loai cd hat

6 Tai che hat khong dam bao kich cd

7 Ddng gdi

Trong giai doan tao hat (giai doan 3) tiiy theo tinh chat ly hda ciia hoat chat va theo yeu clu cua thj trudng ta chgn cac phuong phap gia cong khac nhau nhu sau :

- Phuong phap vo vien tao hat bang chao (Pan granulation)

- Phuong phap ep dim tao hat (Extrusion granulation )

- Phuong phap say tang soi tao hat (Fluidbed granulation)

- Phuong phap say phun tao hat (Spray drymg granulation)

2.2.2.1 Phuong phap vo vien tao hat bang chao

Tao hat bang chao rat pho bien, dac biet la trong san xuat phan bdn NPK Trong qui trinh san xuat hat dugc tao ra khi phun dung djch keo vao bot

min dang lang trdn tren mat chao sau do hat dugc din din tich tu tren chao va dugc gat ra sau do chuyen den khau say ,phan loai cd hat

Thiet bj bao gom mot chao nghieng quay trdn cd vanh ,mgt bang tai cung d p hon hgp bot min vao trong chao Mot he thong bee phun suong dung dich keo vao chao trong khi may quay trdn lam cho hat dugc vo vien va tich tu lai din quanh mep dudi chao Mot thilt bi gat se dugc diSu chinh d6 gat din cac hat dugc tao ra de chuyen den bg phan lam khd

Do cdng nghe tac ddng cugn trdn nen hat thudng cd hinh cau va ca hat se khong ddng nhat va cd nhieu ducmg kinh khac nhau ,trong day 2 - lOmm Do vay can phai sang phan loaj de lay cd hat theo yeu cau thong thudng ty le tai tao hat cd 25%

2.2.2.2 Phuong phap say tang soi tao hat

Phuong phap tao hat nay thucmg ap dung theo cdng nghe san xult gian doan ,tirc san xuat timg me

Thiet bj hinh tru cd 3 phan :

- Phan day chua bot va thanh pham

- Phan than la buong tao hat

- Phan tren chua tiii Igc buj

Mot thiet bi hinh tru Hon hgp hot dugc cho vao day.Luon khong khi nong di vao tir day thap qua cac Id ray cue nhd lam lung bot len (gidng nhu long hoa ) trong budng tao hat Mot bee phun suong dung dich keo ket dinh vao budng tao hat ,nhCrng hat suong keo tiep xuc dinh vao bot hoa long tao nen cac hat ddng dang cd nhd dudng kinh tir 0.5 - 1mm trong khi hat tao thanh chiing dugc luong khi nong say kho boc hoi nude va hat dan dan tich tu

d day thap, den khi hoan tat Ngung may de xa hat ra chuyen den cdng doan sang de phan loaj cd hat theo yeu cau Phuong phap nay chi mot cdng doan nen rat don gian

San pham tao hat bang say tang soi thudng cd do bung ra la limg huyen phii tot Lugng tao hat lai moi me cao,ty le tao hat lai thap Tuy nhien phuong phap nay khong thich hgp vdi loaj boat chat cd do tan chay thap va nhay vdi nhiet vi trong qui trinh cd ludng khi ndng di qua

2.2.2.3.Phu'0'ng phap say phun tao hat

Phuong phap nay sii dung thiet bi tuong tu nhu phuong phap say ting sdi tao hat Trong trudng hgp nay nguon cung cap la hdn hgp san pham dang huyin phii dugc phun true tiep vao thap qua bee phun suong va ludng khi ndng tir day thap di len, lam bdc hoi dung moi nude va hat san pham tao thanh, nen cd hat thudng rit nhd cd 150 - 300 n

2.2.2.4.Phu'Ong phap ep diin tao hat

Phuong phap ep dim bao gdm nhieu cdng doan va nhieu thiet bj khac nhau

Trudc tien hon hgp hot mjn dugc trdn khd, sau dd phun nude vao tiep tuc trdn

Day la giai doan trdn udt, lugng nude cho vao vira dii di hon hgp tao thanh

khdi am, hay dang paste Sau dd chuyen sang ep dim May dim ra cac sgi hinh tru, kich ca sgi hinh tru tuy thudc vao lo ludi gan trong may ep dim, thudng co

Id tir 0,5 - 5mm

- Neu loai san pham yeu cau dang hinh tru dai 2 - 5mm trong cdng doan chi can chuyen cac sgi sau khi ep dim d tren sang he thong say sau dd sang cd hat theo yeu cau

-Neu loai san pham la hinh cau: Sau khi dim sgi, chuyen sang cdng doan xiit hat, may xat hat bao gdm mot budng hinh tru, day la 1 dia cd ranh sau I mm tao thanh cac d vudng, quay vdi van tdc rat cao, khi cac sgi cho vao dia quay cat thanh cac sgi ngan, quay trdn va ve vien, sau do chuyen sang khau say, sang phan loai ca hat theo yeu cau

Thiet bj dung cho phuong phap ep dim Cd 02 thiet bj chinh cho phuong phap ep dim

May dim bang vit vd tan nam ngang ( Enless- screw extruder ), sir dung klii yeu cau co hat dang hinh dng try dudng kinh tir 2- 10mm, do dai tir 5 —lOmra May dim dang rd dimg: ( Basket - extruder) Sir dung khi yeu cau cd hat cd the hinh tru hoac hinh cau dudng kinh tir 0,7 - 1mm

-Thiet bj say cd the sir dung say khay hay say tang soi co he thong kiem soat nhiet do

2.2.2.NhQ'ng yeu to lien quan den cong nghe

- San pham dang WDG la sir cai tien ciia dang WP va SC, qua cdng nghe gia cdng de thanh pham d dang hat

Do vay trong cong nghe san xuat WDG can nghien ciiu cac yeu td ky thuat lien quan sau :

1 Tinh chat ly hda ciia hoat chat va do mjn:

Dam bao thanh pham cd boat tinh sinh hgc tot nhat

2 Tac nhan tham udt:

Dam bao thanh pham khi cho vao nude ,tham udt ,bung ra trong khoang thai gian nhat djnh

3 Tac nhan phan tan gay lo limg:

San phIm sau khi bung ra, khuay deu phai phan tan va la lung tao dung djch huySn phii phan bo deu boat chat khi phun xjt

4 Tac nhan ket dinh:

D I trong cdng nghe tao dugc hat,sau khi say bdc hoi nude van giir nguyen cd hat, ban che toi thieu lugng bot tao ra do vd hat:

Bang 1 so sanh cac phuong phap tao hat WDG

Tao hat bang

say tang sdi

Tao hat bang

hoat chat khac nhau

- Hat ran chac,it bui

- Cd the dieu chinh

cd hat theo yeu cau

- Thich hgp vdi

nhieu loai hoat chat

- Qui trinh 1 giai

doan trong 1 thiet bi

- Hat bung ra huyen

- Khdng kiem soat dugc cd hat,nen hat khdng ddng nhat,ty

le tai che cao

- Hat phan ra kem

- Qua nhieu cdng doan

- Phan tan cham

- Cd hat nhd, dp bo hat khdng chac nen rat de vd khi ddng gdi va van chuyen

- Khdng thich hgp vdi cac hoat chat

cd dp tan chay thap

va khdng ben nhiet

- Cd hat nhd de vd,de hiit am,met cue

- Cdng nghe phOrc tap phai qua 2 giai doan

- Rat khd chpn bao

bi ddng gdi

Ghi chu

- Chi thich hgp cho san xuat phan bdn NPK

- Ap dung tdt cho tat ca cac loai thudc BVTV

- Ket hgp vdi phuong phap

ep dun de sir dung cdnmg doan say la rIt tdt

- Thich hgp vdi loai san pham hot

Tir ket qua bang 1 so sanh tren De thuan tien cho viec dau tu thiet bj va ling dung vao san xuat Idn sau nay Chung toi chgn 2 phuong phap chinh dS

ttiin khai nghien eiiu tao hat WDG cho de tai, do la

* Phuong phap ep dim tao hat

* Phuong phap say tang sdi tao hat

III Tinh binh nghien ciru va san xuat trong nude

1 Nhu cau sir dung thuoc BVTV is Viet Nam

Tdng dien tich canh tac ndng nghiep cac loai ciia Viet Nam vao khoang

14 trieu ha.Trong dd lua chiem 7,5 trieu ha, cay cdng nghiep lau nam 2 trieu

ha, cay an trai 0,8 trieu ha,cdn lai la cac cay khac Vdi tdng dien tich canh tac nong nghiep tren hang nam lugng thudc BVTV da sir dung gia tang rIt dang

kS Theo thdng ke ciia Cue Bao Ve Thuc Vat thudc Bp NN&PTNT, gia trj nhap khau thudc BVTV tai Viet Nam theo cac nam nhu sau :

Nam 2006 Idioang 257 trieu USD

Nam 2007 la 322 trieu USD

Nam 2008 la 389 trieu USD

Trong thai gian vira qua thudc BVTV giir mot vai tro quan trgng viec kiem soat djch benh,sau ray,cd dai trong san xuat ndng nghiep lam cho so lugng va chat lugng ndng san tang len rd ret Dir doan thudc BVTV tai Viet Nam con tiep tuc tang Vi thuc te lugng thudc BVTV sir dung tren 1/ha dien tich trong trgt d Viet Nam qui ve USD/ha van eon thap han nhilu so vdi cac nude trong khu vuc Ddng Nam A : Viet Nam 23 USD/ha ,Thai Lan 45 USD/ha,Indonesia 35 USD/ha

(theo tai lieu ciia tap chi Farm Chemical International, nam 2007)

- So lugng ten thuong pham thudc BVTV dugc dang ky luu hanh d Viet Nam cung tang hang nam ( so lieu trong bang Danh muc thuoc BVTV dugc phep sir dung tai Viet Nam dugc Bp NN&PTNTphat hanh hang nam )

Nam 2008 1972 ten thuong phIm

2009 2561 ten thuong phIm

2010 2752 ten thuong phIm

Tuy nhien viec sii dung nhieu cac thudc BVTV hda hpc da mang lai hau qua khdng tdt ddi vdi mdi trudng va sinh thai Van de nay da dupe cac nha khoa hoc canh bao va da de ra nhieu giai phap thuc hien.Trong dd cd viec dua

ra thi trudng cac loai hda chat mdi sir dung vdi ndng dp rat thap,it gay doe vdi ddng vat mau ndng va thien djch cd ich,cac che pham sinh hgc Dac biet phat trien eacdang gia cdng mdi it gay d nhiem da dua vao sir dungn trong viii nam trd lai day Cac dang gia cdng thudc ciing thay ddi theo hudng han che anh hudng den mdi trudng Neu nhu trudc kia chii yeu diing mot so dang truyin thdng nhu EC, WP, G, thi nay da cd nhieu dang gia cong tien tien than thien vdi mdi trudng nhu SC,ME,EW,WDG.Dac biet dang WDG dang dugc

ua chudng va tang len hang nam

Bang 2 Ty le san pham dang WDG dang luu hanh tai Viet Nam Nam

10

11

2 Tinh hinh nghien ciru va san xuat dang WDG tai Viet Nam

Hien nay so cdng ty dang ky san xuat -kinh doanh va cd ten san pham trong danh muc thudc BVTV dugc phep sir dung tai Viet Nam den thang 03 nam 2009 len din 245 dan vj

Rat nhieu don vj vdi nang luc san xuat rat han che chi thuan lam cdng tac kinh doanh ; dang ky ten san pham rdi nhap thanh pham tir nude ngoai ve ddng gdi bao bi va ban Khoang 40 don vj cd nha may td chirc san xuat gia cdng

Hien tai, d Viet Nam cac don vj nghien ciiu chuyen sau ve ky thuat gia cdng thudc BVTV chua nhieu Chi cd mot so cdng ty dang tien hanh nghien ciiu img dung cdng nghe tien tien vao san xuat nhung con ban che

Da sd cac san phIm thudc BVTV dang WDG dang sir dung tai Viet Nam dSu do cac cdng ty nude ngoai dang ky va true tiep cung irng hoac cac cdng ty trong nude nhap ban thanh pham tir nude ngoai ve ddng gdi tai Viet Nam d6 tieu thu.Nhu vay hien nay trong nude chua cd don vj nao da dau tu day chuyen san xuat Idn thudc BVTV dang WDG

Nguyen nhan : Cdng nghe va thiet bj rat phiic tap,chi phi dau tu' ban dau cao

CHU^ONGII T H i r c N G H I E M

I.Phuong phap tien hanh nghien ciru

1 Lira chpn cdng nghe cho de tai:

So dd day chuyen cdng nghe gia cdng thudc BVTV dang WDG

Tit so dd tren cho thiy qui trinh cdng nghe tao hat thudc BVTV dang WDG

niu sir dung nhilu phuong phap tao hat khac nhau se cd nhieu thiet bj khac

nhau trong cdng doan tao hat con cac cdng doan khac deu gidng nhau va sir dung chung thiet bi nhu sau:

- Cdng doan trpn,nghien min

- Cdng doan say

- Cdng doan ray ,phan loai cd hat \ a xu ly lai neu cd hat khdng dat

- Cdng doan ddng gdi thanh pham

Qua phin trinh bay d chucmg tdng quan dk tai, phin gidi thieu cac phuong

phap tao hat Neu chpn 2 phuong phap ep dim va say ting sdi ,d cdng doan tao hat cd so dd tdng quat sau :

So dd tong quat 2 phuong phap tao hat WDG

TRON NGHIEN

PP ep dim Tron, nhao

dl dIu tu thilt bj va trien khai de tai

2 Cac yen to anh huong den cong nghe gia cong va chat luong san pham

2.1 Xac djnh cd hat nguyen lieu

Thudng boat chit sir dung trong gia cdng WDG d dang ran vdi kich thudc hat cin thiet trong day 10-43 micron

2.2 Chit thim udt:

Thudng chgn cac chat HDBM anionic lam tac nhan tham udt trong gia cdng WDG

2.3 Chat phan tan gay lo lung :

Thudng chgn cac chat HDBM nonionic cd khdi lugng phan tir cao cd tinh lien ket gay lo limg tdt

Cd tac dung them vao de can bang cac thanh pham trong cdng thirc Thdng thudng cac san pham WDG cd ham lugng hoat chat cao; khdng su dung chiit don hoac sir dung chat ddng goc silicate tong hpp (lam chat trg nghien d cdng doan nghien mjn) hay kaolin

II Thiet bi ,nguyen vat lieu

l.Thiet bj

1.1 May nghien biia

- Cac thong sd co ban:

+ Dudng kinh budng nghien: 250mm

+ Chieu day budng nghien: 80

+ The tich budng nghien: 1 lit

+ Cdng suat ddng co nghien: 1 KW

+ Xuat xir: Viet Nam

- Cdng suat may nghien: 5 -20 kg / gid

1.2 May nghiSn khi ddng (Jetmill) phdng thi nghiem

- Cac thdng sd co ban

+ May nen khi: Dung tich binh nen khi 500 lit, ap suat lam viec 6 kg /

cm

+ Budng nghiSn: budng nghien dang hinh tru bang ceramic

+ Xuat xii: Trung qudc

- Cdng suit nghiSn : 1 kg / gid

1.3 May trdn nhao (Kneading machine)

- Cac thdng sd co ban:

+ Cdng suat ddng co : 1,3 KW

+ Thi tich bdn trdn : 20 lit

+ Canh trdn: xuong ca

+ Xult xii: Dire

- Cdng suit may trdn: 6 kg / me /10 phut

1.4 May ep dim (Basket extrudmg machme)

- Cac thdng sd co ban:

+ Dudng kinh canh dim: 160mm

+ Cdng suat ddng co : 1,5 KW

+ Dudng kinh Id ludi nghien: 0,5 - 1 mm

+ Xuat xii: Viet nam

- Cdng suat may dim : 5 kg / gid

1.5 May xat hat (Centrifiigal Spheroid machine)

- Cac thdng sd co ban:

+ Dudng kinh budng lam viec: 400mm

+ The tich budng lam viec: 22 lit

+ Cdng suat ddng co : 3 KW

+ Xuat xir: Diic

- Cdng suat may xat hat: 20 - 100 kg / gid (phu thudc vao ngoai dang cua san pham)

1.6 May say tang sdi tao hat ( fluid - bed / dryer / granulator machine)

- Cac thdng sd co ban:

+ The tich budng say,tao hat: 100 lit

+ The tich bdn nguyen lieu thanh pham: 60 lit

+ Quat hut: cdng suat 7,5 KW luu lugng hut 3161 m ' / h

+ Bom dung djch: luu lugng bom 0,007 - 1140 ml / phut

+ Cdng suat budng gia nhiet 27 KW

+ Xuat xii: Trung qudc

- Cdng suat lam viec : 30 kg / me

1.7 May sang rung nhieu tang

bd ray tieu chuan, may hut chan khdng til gia nhiet, tu say, may do pH, may

do ti trgng ddng.,thiet bj phan tich HPLC

3.Hoa chit

3.1 Hoat chat

Trong gidi ban ciia de tai, chiing tdi chgn 4 hgat chat dudi day de nghien curu gia cdng:

3.1.1 Fipronil

- Tinh chat nguyen lieu:

+Tentheo lUPAC:

(i?5)-5-amino-l-[2,6-dichloro-4-carbonitrile

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)-lH-pyrazole-3 I- Cdng thirc phan tu: CjHjCbFtNjOS

+ Trgng lugng phan tir: 437.15 g/mol

+ Ngoai dang: Chat ran mau trang

+ Ty trgng: 1.477-1.626

+ Dilm ndng chay: 200.5 °C

+ Cdng thiic cau tao

C F

+ Kha nang hoa tan: Tan trong nude 1,9 mg/l ( d 20 " C )

- Cac dang san pham cd the gia cdng: SC,G,EC, WDG

3.1.2 Fosetyl alumium

- Tinh chat nguyen lieu

+ Ten theo lUPAC: aluminium tris(ethyl phosphonate)

+ Cdng thirc phan tir: CsHigAlOgPj

+ Trgng lugng phan tir: 351 [g/mol]

+ Ngoai dang: Chat rin mau trlng

+ Ty trgng: : 1.45-1.74

+ Tan tdt trong nude

+ Cdng thirc cau tao

- Cac dang san pham cd the gia cdng: WDG, WP

3.1.3 Emamectin benzoate

- Tinh chat nguyen lieu

+ Ten theo lUPAC

extended von Baeyer nomenclature:

mixture of 90% (10£, 14£, 16£)-(l.R,4S,5'S,6S,6'«,8fi, 12S,

13S,20J?,21/?,24S)-6'-[(S)-.sec-butyl]-21,24-dihydroxy-5', trioxatetracyclo[ 15.6.1.1 ''•'.O^°''']pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene)-6-spiro-2'-(5',6'-dihydro-2'7/-pyran)-l2-yl2,6-dideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-0-(2,4,6-trideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-methylamino-a-L-/yjro-hexapyranosyl)-a-L-a>-oii«o-

11,13,22-tetramethyl-2-oxo-(3,7,19-hexapyranoside and 10%

(10£,I4£,16£)-(I R,4S,5'S,6S,6'RM, 12S, 13S,20«,21 R,24S)-21,24-dihydroxy-6'-isopropy

I-5',

11,13,22-tetramethyl-2-oxo-(3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[ 15.6.1.1 (5',6'-dihydro-2'//-pyran)-l2-yl2,6-dideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-0-(2,4,6-trideoxy 3-0-methyl-4-methylamino-a-L-/)'jfo-hexapyranosyl)-a-L-flra6r«o-

155,17a/e,20/?,20a/?,20bS)-6'-[(S)-sec-butyl]-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-l 7-oxospiro[l 1,15-methano-2/7,13H,

17//-fiiro[4,3,2-methyl-4-0-(2,4,6-trideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-methylamino-a-L-/>ao-

p^][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecin-13,2'-[2//]pyran]-7-yl2,6-dideoxy-3-0-hexapyranosyO-a-L-araiino-hexapyranoside and 10%

(2a£,4£,8£)-(5'S,6S,6'RJS, 11/?, 13S, 15S,

17a/?,20«,20a;?,20bS)-

5',6,6',7,10,11,14,15,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-20,20b-dihydroxy-6'-isopropy l-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxospiro[ 11,15-methano-2//, 13H,1

IH-furo[4,3,2-p5][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecin-13,2'-[2//]pyran]-7-yl dideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-(9-(2,4,6-trideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-methyIamino-a-L-/)ao-hexapyranosyl)-a-L-ara6/no-hexapyranoside

2,6-+ Cdng thiic phan tir: CjeHgiNOis (emamectin Bia benzoate) 2,6-+ C55H79NO]5 (emamectin Bn, benzoate)

+ Trgng lugng phan tir: 1007(emamectin Bla benzoate),

993(emamectin B1 a benzoate ), [g/mol]

+ Ngoai dang: Chat ran mau trang nga

+ Ty trgng: : 0,4-0,8

+ Tile ddng phan: Bla: Bib = 9:1

+ Tan rat it trong nude

+ Cdng thirc cau tao

- Tinh chat nguyen lieu:

-I- Ten theo lUPAC: (3S,3aS methyl-6-methyllene-2-oxoperhydro-

,4S,4aS,7S,9aR,12S)-7,12-dihydrox>-3-4a,7-methano-9b,3-propeno[ 1,2-b]furan-4-carboxylic acid

+ Cdng thiic phan tir: CIQHIIO^

+ Khdi lugng phan tir: 346.37 g/mol

+ Ngoai dang: Chat ran mau trlng

- Cac dang san pham cd the gia cdng: EC, WDG, TB

3.2 Chat hoat dgng be mat

3.2.1 Terwet 1004

+ Ngoai dang : Dang bot mau trang

4- Nhdm chat boat ddng : Chat HDBM cd tinh anion , ddng vai trd nhu chat phan tan ddng thdi cd tinh thIm udt

3.2.2 Morwet D 425

+ Ngoai dang: dang bot mau nau

-^ Nhdm chat boat ddng: napthalene sulfonate, cd tinh thIm udt

3.2.3 TexaponOPC

+ Ngoai dang: dang bdt mau trang

+ Nhdm chat boat dong: sodium lauryl sulphat NF XVII, cd tinh thIm udt

3.2.4 NewkalgenWG4 :

+ Ngoai dang: dang bdt mau nau

-I- Nhdm chat hoat ddng: ligno sulfonate bien tinh

3.2.5 Newkalgen WG 1

-I- Ngoai dang: dang hot mau trang

+ Nhdm chat boat ddng: alkyl napthalene

3.3 Chit don:

Trong de tai nay chiing tdi sir dung cac thanh phan sau day

3.3.1 Hisil - Hoa (silicate tdng hgp)

+ Ngoai dang : dang bdt mjn mau trang sang

-I- Cd hat: 99 % qua ray 325 mesh (ray udt)

3.3.2 Kaolin trang (lang Ipc)

+ Ngoai dang: dang bdt mau trang

+ Co hat: 99 % Qua ray 325 mesh (ray udt)

+ pH = 4 - 5

3.3.3 Kali nitrat

Trong dl tai chung tdi sir dung KNO, cho hai san phIm VIMOGREEN

10 WDG vA VIMATOX 5WDG, do KNO3 da dugc sir dung rdng rai cho cac san pham tir acid gibbelleric nen chung tdi ap dung cho hai san nay 3.3.4 Cac hoa chat khac: nhu ure, SA, stearic acid, natri benzoate, mono potasium photphat

3.4 Chat kit dinh

Trong de tai chiing tdi se sir dung cac chat sau lam chat ket dinh PVA, PEG

- PVA(polyvinyl alcol): dang bdt mau trang tan trong nude d nhiet do cao PEG (polyetylen glycol): dang vay mau trang, tan trong nude d nhiet do phdng

III Phuong phap phan tich chat luong san pham

l.Tieu chuan san pham

1.1 VIRIGENT 800 WDG

-F Ngoai dang: Dang hat, luu chay tdt

+ Ham lugng fipronil: 80 % (±5%)

+ Dp phan tan trong nude: <10 giay

+ Dp la liing: > 75%

+ pH = 5,5-8,5

+ Cd hat sau khi phan tan trong nude: con lai tren ray 75 jim < 2%i

1.2 VIALPHOS 800 WDG

+ Ngoai dang: Dang hat, luu chay tdt

+ Ham luong fosetyl alumium: 80 % (±5%)

+ Do phan tan trong nude: <10 giay

+ Dp lo limg: > 75%

+ pH = 2 - 3 , 5

+ Cd hat sau khi phan tan trong nude: con lai tren ray 75 jim < 2% 1.3 VIMATOX 50WDG

+ Ngoai dang: Dang hat, luu chay tdt

+ Ham lugng emamectin benzoate: 5 % (± 10%)

+ Do phan tan trong nude: <10 giay

+ Dd la limg: > 75%)

+ pH = 5,5 - 8,5

+ Cd hat sau khi phan tan trong nude: con lai tren ray 75 pm < 2% 1.4.VIMOGREEN lOWDG

+ Ngoai dang: Dang hat, luu chay tdt

+ Ham lugng gibbelleric acid: 10 % (±10%)

+ Do phan tan trong nude: <10 giay

+ Do lo liing: > 75%>

+ pH = 5,5 - 8,5

+ Cd hat sau khi phan tan trong nude: con lai tren ray 75 pm < 2%

2 Xac dinh ham luong hoat chat

- Ham lugng boat chat dugc xac dinh bang phugng phap ndi chuan tren sac ky Idng(HPLG) cot pha nguge C18 va ndi chuan la Napthalene (xem cac phu luc 3,4,5,6)

3 Xac dinh tieu chuan san pham :

- Xac djnh dp tham udt:

Theo CIPAC MT 53.3 thdi gian tham udt hoan toan 10 giay

- Xac djnh dp lo limg :

Theo CIPAC MT 168 Ty suit lo limg 75% trd len

- Xac djnh cd hat:

Theo CIPAC MT 167.Qua ray udt, lugng con lai tren ray 75 pm < 2%

IV Khao nghiem sinh hoc ciia san pham

IV 1 Khao sat hieu lire Virigent 800WDG trir sau to (Plutella xylostella ).D6i chimg vdi Regent 50SC (cua Bayer Viet Nam Ltd) tren cai ngpt vdi ciing ndng dp sii dung

1V.2 Khao sat hieu lire Vimatox 50WDG trir sau to ddi chiing vdi san pham Vimatox 1.9EC va Proclam 1.9 EC tren cai ngpt vdi cimg ndng dp sir dung IV.3 Khao sat anh hudn^ cua Vimogreen lOWDG tren cay lua, ddi chiing vdi Vimogreen 1.34T ciing ndng dp sir dung

IV.4 Khao sat hieu lire phdng trir mdc suong (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) hai dua leo cua Vialphos 800WDG ddi chiing vdi Vialphos 80BHN ciing ndng

do sii' dung

CHU^onvG 3.KET QUA VA THAO LUAN

I KHAO SAT CAC YEU TO ANH HU'dNG TOd CONG NGHE VA CHAT LirONG SAN PHAM

Trong phan Thuc nghiem, de tai da lira chgn khao sat 2 phuong phap tao

hat cho cdng nghe gia cdng dang WDG la Phirang phap ep gun va Phuang

phap say tang soi

Cac san pham tien hanh khao sat la:

1 VIRIGENT 800 WDG (boat chit la Fipronil)

2 VIALPHOS 800 WDG (boat chit la Fosetyl alumium)

3 VIMATOX 50 WDG (hoat chit la Emamectin benzoat)

4 VIMOGREEN 10 WDG (boat chit la Axit gibbelleric)

/ / PHUONG PHAP EP BUN:

Trong cdng nghe gia cdng dang WDG, cdng doan tao hat bing phuang phap ep dim la don gian hon ca vi thiet bj khdng phtre tap, chit lugng san pham chi phu thudc chu yeu vao thanh phan va tinh chat ciia hoat chit va cac phu gia nhu: kha nang tan trong nude cua cac chit, tinh tuong hgp giQa boat chat va cac chat phu gia, do ben va kich thudc hat rIn

Cac yeu td chii yeu anh hudng tdi chat lugng san pham gia cdng bang phuong phap ep dim la: Thanh phan va tinh chit ciia chit HDBM (chit thIm udt va chat phan tan), chat ket dinh (tao hat) Cac yeu to nay se dugc khao sat sau day:

Ll.l Khao sat anh hudng ciia chat HDBM:

/ / / 1 Lira chpn chat HDBM cho gia cong mot so san pham:

Nhu da trinh bay d tren, chat HDBM sir dung trong gia cdng dang WDG

cd hai vai trd quan trgng: la tac nhan tham udt (wetting agent) va tac nhan phan tan (dispersing agent) Trong thuc te, nhieu chat HDBM cd ca hai tinh nang tren, nhung thudng chi cd mot tinh nang ndi trdi Vi vay trong gia cdng thudc BVTV, de dam bao ca kha nang tham udt va phan tan tdt cho san pham, ngudi ta thudng lira chgn hdn hgp hai chat HDBM: mot chat dung lam chat

tham udt, chat kia la chat phan tan

Viec lira chgn hdn hgp chat HDBM cdn phu thudc vao tinh chat cua boat chat,

phy gia va vao cdng nghe gia cdng (d day la cdng nghe tao hat)

Cac chat HDBM diing de khao sat da neu d phin Thuc nghiem, bao gdm: Terwet 1004, Morwet D 425, Texapon OPC, Newkalgen WG 4 (NK WG 4) Khao sat lira chgn chit HDBM thich hgp dugc tiln hanh cho timg san pham

Cu the nhu sau:

1 VIRIGENT 800 WDG:

a) Dieu liien thi nghiem vd idt qua Ichdo sat:

- Cdng thiic thi nghiem: Hoat chit Fipronil 80%), dudng kinh ca hat:

0,045mm Cdn lai chat dgn la silicate tdng hgp

Dudng kinh san pham sau gia cdng 0,5mm

- Cac chit HDBM sir dung: Terwet 1004, Texapon OPC, NK WG - 4, Morwet D 425

San pham sau khi gia cdng dupe do dp lo limg va quan sat kha nang bung ra khi cho vao nude

Trong qua trinh khao sat, chiing tdi nhan thIy khi diing dan Terwet

1004 hoSc Texapon OPC trong cdng thiic gia cdng, mac dii vdi ty le 12% la tuong ddi cao nhung san pham van khdng bung ra khi cho vao nude, chit lugng san pham khdng dat Do vay, chung tdi sir dung 2 loai chit HDBM hon hgp vdi nhau, dua tren co sd lira chpn mot chat cd kha nang phan tan tdt, chat kia ddng vai trd lam chat tham udt Ket qua thi nghiem dugc trinh bay d Bang

b) Nhan xel

4 % va Morwet D425 8%, chat lugng san pham dat cac tieu chuan da de ra

2 VIALPHOS 800 WDG

a) Dieu h.ien thi nghiem vd icet qud lihdo sdt:

Thi nghiem dugc tiln hanh tuong tu nhu ddi vdi VIRIGENT 800 WDG, tuy nhien boat chit trong trudng hpp san phIm VIALPHOS 800 WDG la Fosetyl alumium vdi cdng thirc sau:

+ Hoat chat : Fosetyl alumium: 80 %

+ Chat dgn : Silicat tdng hgp

+ Chit kit dinh : PVA hoac PEG

+ Chit HDBM

Trong cdng thirc cau tao cua Fosetyl alumium, ion Al ^* cd kha nang d l

ket hgp vdi cac hgp chat mang tinh axit hoac kiem (ludng tinh) Ngoai ra, ciing de tao keo, lang trong dung djch nude vdi cac chat khac Vi vay theo kinh nghiem gia cdng, trong trudng hgp nay khdng nen diing hdn hgp nhieu chat HDBM cd nhung tinh chat khac nhau Mat khac, do boat chat tan trong nude nen vai trd phan tan cua chat HDBM khdng quan trgng Vi vay khi gia cdng san phIm dang WDG, chiing tdi chi lira chgn 1 loai chat HDBM de khao sat: Terwet 1004, Texapon OPC, Morwet D425, NK WG - 4

Ket qua thi nghiem dugc trinh bay tai Bang 4

Bdng 4: Kit qud lihdo sdt lua chon chat HDBM cho VIALPHOS 800 WDG

b) Nhan xet: Trong sd cac chat HDBM dimg thi nghiem gia cdng san

phIm VIALPHOS 800 WDG, chi cd NK WG - 4 (din xult lignosulfonat biln tinh) cho san phIm dam bao cac chi tieu chat lugng d ty le 8 % trd len Vi vay,

5 % ( C a h a t O , l mm)

6 0 % Vira dii din 100%

+ Silicat tdng hgp va kaolin trang

- Dudng kinh hat san pham: 1 mm

Phan Idn cac chat trong thanh phan hdn hgp deu tan trong nude (trir kaolin) nen vai trd ciia chat HDBM trong trudng hgp nay chii yeu dam bao kha nang tham udt ciia san pham Nhin chung, cac chat HDBM lira chgn cho khao sat deu dam bao kha nang tham udt tdt Vi vay, ddi vdi cdng thirc gia cdng VIMATOX 50WDG, chi cIn sir dung mot chat HDBM dam bao kha nang phan tan tdt cua san pham

Chung tdi da tiln hanh gia cdng san pham vdi cac chat HDBM nhu Terwet 1004, Texapon OPC, NK WG - 4, ciing vdi ty le 12 % Do do lo lung cua san phIm dIu dat yeu clu (>80 %) va tat ca deu phan tan hoan toan, kich thudc hat dat tieu chuan

Tham khao gia thanh cac chit HDBM da khao sat, chiing tdi lira chgn Texapon OPC (gia thip nhit) d l tilp tuc khao sat cac thi nghiem sau

4 VIMOGREEN 10 WDG

- Cdng thirc gia cdng:

+ Axit gibbelleric

-1-KNO3

+Silicat tdng hgp va kaolin trang

- Dudng kinh hat san pham: 1 mm

Hoat chit axit gibbelleric cung tan trong nude nen cac thi nghiem khao sat lira chgn chit HDBM cung cho kit qua tuong ty nhu trudng hgp gia cdng VIMATOX 5WDG

/ / 1.2 Kit qua lira chpn chat HDBM cho gia cong cac san phSm:

1 0 % ( C d h a t O , l mm)

6 0 % Vira dii din 100%

Tir nhirng ket qua khao sat tren, de tai da xac djnh dugc cac chat HDBM phii hgp vdi timg san pham va nit ra mot sd nhan xet sau:

Vdi nhiing trudng hpp hoat chat tan trong nude va trong cdng thiic gia cdng san phIm cd cac phu gia tan trong nude thi chi cIn sii dung mot chat HDBM vdi kha nang phan tan tdt ddi vdi phin chit khdng tan cdn lai, vi du nhu Terwet 1004, Texapon OPC, NK WG - 4, Morwet D425

Ddi vdi nhirng san phIm cd boat chit khdng tan hoac khd tan trong nude, khi gia cdng dang WDG cIn hdn hgp 2 chit HDBM, trong dd 1 chit ddng vai trd la chit phan tan (vi du nhu Morwet D425), chit kia la chit thIm udt

Tdng ham lugng cac chat HDBM can thiet trong thanh phin gia cdng san pham la 12 % khdi lugng

Ket qua tren ciing la co sd de nghien ciiu sir dung cac chat HDBM nay cho cdng nghe tao hat bang phuong phap say tang sdi

1.1.2 Khao sat anh hudng ciia chat ket dinh trong gia cong dang WDG

Nhu tren da neu, khac vdi dang gia cdng WP, dang WDG can sii dung chat ket dinh nham muc dich tao hat Tuy nhien, viec lira chpn loai chat nao va

ty le tham gia trong cdng thirc gia cdng can dupe nghien ciru va khao sat ky nham dam bao yeu cau vira ket dinh, tao hat dii do ben san pham, nhung ciing

dl dang phan tan khi hda tan trong nude (kha nang bung ra) cua san pham Cac chat ket dinh hay dugc sir dung trong gia cdng thudc BVTV la nhirng polyme cd kha tan trong nude nhu: polyvinyl alcol (PVA, tan trong nude d nhiet do cao) va polyetylen glycol (PEG, tan trong nude d nhiet dp phdng) Ca 2 chit se dugc de tai khao sat cho gia cdng 4 san pham neu tren

1 VIRIGENT 800 WDG

a) Dieu kien thi nghiem:

- Cdng thirc gia cdng:

-I- Fipronil 80 %i (cd hat 0,045 mm)

+ Chit HDBM: Hon hop Terwet 1004 (4 %)+Morwet D425 (8 %)

+ Chit don: Silicate tdng hgp: Vira dii den 100 "A

- Dudng kinh san pham: 0,5mm

- Chit kit dinh: PVA va PEG ham luong thay ddi tir 0,1 din 0,4 %

b) Ket qud vd nhan xet:

Ket qua thi nghiem dugc trinh bay d Bang 5

Bdng 5 : Anh huong ciia chat ket dinh den chat luong sdn pham

Ty suat

lo lirng (%)

Ghi chu: Tdt cd cdc mau sdn pham deu bung ra hoan toan khi hda vao nude Til Bang 5 cd the rut ra cac nhan xet sau day:

Trong cdng thirc gia cdng, sir dung chat ket dinh vdi ndng do la 0,3% PVA hoac 0,4 % PEG thi chit lugng san pham dat tieu chuin va cd ngoai dang dep

- So sanh 2 chit kit dinh PVA \ a PEG dung de gia cdng khao nghiem, PVA cho kit qua tdt han PEG (vl do lo limg va dang bl ngoai) Do do chiing tdi lira chgn PVA la chit kit dinh cho cac san phIm nghien ciru tiep theo

2 CAC SAN PHAM KHAC:

Tiln hanh thi nghiem khao sat thanh phin chat ket dinh PVA trong cdng thirc gia cdng cac san phIm khac (VIALPHOS 800 WDG, VIMATOX 50 WDG, VIMOGREEN 10 WDG) theo each tuong ty Cac ket qua dugc the hien trong Bang 6

Bdng6: Anh huang ciia chat ket dinh PVA den chat luong cdc sdn pham

% 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,2 0,3

Ty suat

Ghi chu: Tdt cd cdc mdu sdn phdm deu bung rd hodn todn khi hoa vdo nude

Tir cac Bang 6 cd the nit ra ket luan: Trong gia cdng cac san pham dang WDG neu tren, cd thi diing chat ket dinh thich hgp la PVA vdi ty le 0,4 % ddi vdi VIRIGENT 800 WDG va 0,3 %> ddi vdi cac san phIm cdn lai Sy khac nhau vl ty le tren dugc giai thich nhu sau: Do boat chat va phu gia trong cdng thiic gia cdng 3 san phIm sau tan trong nude (ngoai trir kaolin khdng tan) nen can lugng chat ket dinh it hon

San phIm sau khi dugc tao hat bang phuong phap ep dim se chuyen sang cdng doan sly trong Id say thdng thudng d nhiet do < 100 °C cho den khi do

Im dat < 5%i Cdng doan nay khdng can nghien ciru khao sat

1.1.3 Ket luan vl khao sat cac ylu to anh hudng tdi phuong phap ep diin

Dua vao kit qua ciia cac thi nghiem khao sat tren, chiing tdi de suit cdng thiic gia cdng cua cac san pham nghien cira nhu sau:

8 0,3 8,1

12 0,3

60

5 15,3

4 VIMOGREEN 10 WDG

12,3

12 0,3

60

5

10,4

L2 PHUONG PHAP SA Y TANG SOI

Phugng phap say tang sdi khac vdi phuong phap ep dim la hat dugc hinh thanh trong thap dirng, trong do hdn hgp san pham va chat ket dinh dugc phun vao d trang thai ddng, dugc tao bdi ddng khi ndng di qua ddng thdi say khd hat tao thanh Nhu vay, trong phuang phap say tang sdi, cdng doan tao hat va sly san pham xay ra ddng thdi trong thap tao hat Tuy nhien, thanh phan hon hgp san phIm khdng thay ddi so vdi phuang phap ep dim tao hat Vi vay, cac kit qua khao sat cua phuong phap ep dim cd the ap dung cho phuong phap sly tang sdi

Ngoai ra, tir qua trinh nghien eiiu cdng nghe gia cdng cac san pham tir phuong phap ep dim cd the thay cac ket qua khao sat cho san pham VIRIGENT 800 WDG cung cd the ap dung cho gia cdng cac san phIm cdn lai Do vay, khi nghien ciru cdng nghe tao hat bang phuong phap sly ting sdi, chiing tdi chi khao sat cac thdng sd can thiet cho gia cdng san pham VIRIGENT 800 WDG, sau dd cd the ap dung de gia cdng cac san pham khac Cac thdng sd khac anh hudng tdi cdng nghe gia cdng va chit lugng san phIm VIRIGENT 800 WDG theo phuang phap say tang sdi la nhiet do, thdi gian sly va luu lugng phun chat ket dinh vao thap

1.2.1 Khao sat anh hudng ciia luu lugng phun chat ket dinh

Hon hgp gia cdng san pham VIRIGENT 800 WDG da dugc xac djnh tir qui trinh gia cdng theo phuong phap ep dim Cu the, cac thdng sd khdng ddi:

- Ty le % tinh theo don vj khdi lugng nhu sau:

+ Thdi gian say: 30 phut

- Qui md thi nghiem: 15 kg/me

- De xac djnh luu lugng phun dung djch PVA, dIu tien pha loang PVA trong nude sao cho dam bao dii lugng theo cdng thiic gia cdng, sau dd phun vao thap vdi luu lugng thay ddi tir 100 - 150 ml/phiit

Ket qua khao sat dupe trinh bay tai Bang 7

Bdng 7: Ket qud khdo sdt luu luong phun PVA khi gia cong

ciia dich san pham dat > 90 %

Xuat hien hien tugng ddng banh

d day thap