Xây dựng phong cách làm việc của người bí thư huyện ủy hiện nay (qua khảo sát thực tế ở một số tỉnh đồng bằng sông hồng)

De tai da ky hgp ddng vdi timg can bd khoa hgc trong va ngoai Hgc vien, mgt sd ddng chi da va dang giu cuong vi BTHU ciia mgt sd huyen khu vuc DBSH theo phuong thiic thue khoan chuyen m

y?

BAO CAO TONG QUAN

B E T A I K H O A HOC C A P B O NAM 3 0 0 7

XAY DUNG PHONG CACH LAM VIEC CUA NGUfiTI

BiTHlTHUYlNUY HIEN NAY

• •

(QUA KHAO SAT THl/C T^ d MOT S 6 T I N H 0 6 N G BANG S O N G H 6 N G )

Ca quan chu tri : Vien Xay dumg Dang Chu nhiem de tai : TS Ngo Kim Ngan Thir Ity de tai : TS Lam Quoe Tuan

^ ^

HA NOI - 2008

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Trang

Md dau 1

Chuong 1: PHONG CACH LAM VlfiC CUA NGUC)I BI THUHUYfeN UY

1.1 He thong chinh tri c^p huy6n or dong b ^ g song Hong va vai tro

cua ngudd Bi thu Huyen uy 8

1.2 Phong each lam vi6c ciia ngudi Bi thu Huy6n uy - Quan ni6m, cac

y6'u td' anh huofng va ti6u chi danh gia 30

1.3 Thuc trang \6 phong each lam viec cua dgi ngG Bi thu Huyen uy d

viing d6ng bang song Hong hi6n nay 63

Chuong 2: PHUONG H U 6 N G , G I A I PHAP XAY DUNG PHONG CACH

L A M VlfiC CUA NGU6l BI THU H U Y 6 N UY HI$N NAY 82 2.1 Muc ti6u, phucrng hudng va nhiing nhan td' tac dgng d6'n phong

each lam vide cua ddi ngii Bi thu Huyen uy d d6ng bang sdng

Hong hien nay 82

2.2 Giai phap chii yeu xay dung phong each lam viec ciia ngudd Bi thu

Huy6n uy d dong bang sdng Hong hien nay 85

K £ T LUAN 109

TS Lam Qudc Tuan

m cdng tiic vien thuc hien de tai:

CN Pham Tlii Mai Anh

Ths Tran Quang Canh (Bi thu Huyen liy Me Linh, VTnh Phiic)

Tins Doan Manh Chanh (Bf thu Huyen uy Tien Lu, Hung Yen) Ths Le VanCudng

Ths Nguydn Klidc Diu (nguyen Bi thu Huyen uy Nam Sach, Hai Duong) Ths Tran Nhat Dual

Ths Tran Sy Duong

rS Doan Nam Dan

Ths Dinh Nggc Giang

TS Nguyen VanGiang

TS Le Qyang Hoan (Ban Td chiic Trung uong Dang)

rS Tran Duy Hung

PGS, TS Dd Nggc Ninh

TS Dang Dinh Phu

1 hs Phani i'ai Thang

TS Ngd Huy Tiep

Tlis Duong Trung Y

: Phoii^j, L.ich kinli Jao : Pliuug Cdcli Ikiu viec : Uy ban nhan dan : Xa hoi chu nghia

Thuc hien Quyet dinh sd 3452/QD-HVCTQG, ngay 25 thang 12 nam

2006 CLia Giam ddc Hgc vien Chinh tri Qudc gia Hd Chi Minh ve viec trien khai de tai khoa hgc cap bd nam 2007, De tai da thuc hien nhiing muc tieu, ndi dung trong de cuong nghien ciiu, chiing tdi xin bao cao tong hgp qua trinh

td chiic thuc hien va ket qua nghien ciiu khoa hgc ciia de tai nhu sau:

1 Tinh cap thiet cua de tai

Cdng tac can bd ddng vai trd hei siic quan trgng, la van de then chdt trong xay dung Dang; thuc ti6n da chiing minh, day la nhan td quyet dinh thanh cdng hay thai bai cua su nghiep each mang Trong giai doan hien nay,

de thuc hien thdng Igi nhiem vu, muc tieu ciia thdi ky day manh CNH, HDH dai nude thi phai xay dung ddi ngu can bd cd trinh do, nang lire, dac biet la ddi ngu can bd lanh dao cap huyen

Mgt trong nhirng ndi dung quan trgng trong cdng tac xay dung dpi ngii can bd lanh dao cap huyen dd la xay dung phong each lam viec (PCLV) cho ngudi Bl thu Huyen uy (BTHU) PCLV ciia ngudi BTHU khdng chi the hien

ve mat khoa hgc va thuc tien quan ly lanh dao ma cdn the hien dao diic, xu hudng, tai nang, nghe thuat tac ddng cua ngudi lanh dao Ndi each khac, PCLV la su the hien nana luc lanh dao, td chiic, dao diic ciia ngirdi lanh dao Mat khac, PCLV cdn la su bieu hien ban chat chinh tri-xa hoi cua ngudi lanh dao trong mgt che do chinh tri nhat dinh

PCLV cua ngudi BTHU la yeu td quan trong de bao dam tinh chinh xac cua viec hoach dinh va td chiic thuc hien cac ke hoach trong thuc tien Ddi vdi ngudi can bd lanh dao cap huyen, PCLV cang cd y nghTa quan trong, bdi

vi ho la nhiing ngudi chiu trach nhiem cao nhat khi dua ra cac quyet dinh lanh

nhan td tac ddng true tiep den viec xay dung, cung cd tinh than doan ket ndi

bd va mdi lien he giira Dang vdi nhan dan Do dd, xay dung PCLV khoa hoc cho ngudi BTHU la yeu cau hang dau trong cdng tac xay dung Dang d cap huyen hien nay

Trong cdng cudc ddi mdi, day manh CNH, HDH va hdi nhap kinh te qudc te hien nay, yeu cau ddi mdi phong each lam viec cua ddi ngii BTHU theo hudng nang ddng, khoa hgc va dan chii dang dat ra het siic biic thiet Trong thuc tien, doi ngu BTHU da cd nhieu cd gang nham xay dung, ddi mdi phong each lam viec de nang cao chat lugng, hieu qua cdng viec Tuy nhien, ben canh dd van cdn mot sd BTHU cham ddi mdi, van lam viec theo tac phong va le Idi da khdng cdn phu hgp Mgt sd BTHU van cdn mac benh quan lieu, ddc doan, mat dan chii, dieu nay da lam giam siit ldng tin cua nhan dan ddi vdi Dang, gay nen tinh trang mat doan ket ndi bd Tii thuc trang dd, viec ddi mdi phong each lam viec ddi vdi ddi ngii BTHU dang dat ra het siic can thiet, nham cung cap cho chung ta luan cii khoa hgc de nhan thiic mot each diing dan, day dii ve PCLV khoa hgc cua ngudi BTHU Day la yeu cau quan trgng gdp phan xay dung Dang vung manh thirc hien thanh cdng sir nghiep CNH HDH ddt nude

Ddng bang sdng Hdng (DBSH) bao gdm cac tinh va thanh phd: Ha Ndi, Hai Phdng, VTnh Phiic, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Thai Binh, Ha Tay, Ha Nam, Ninh Binh va Nam Dinh DBSH giii vj tri het siic quan trong ddi vdi vung Bac Bd va ca nude, la noi tap trung nhieu trung tam kinh te va chinh tri, la vung dat cd truyen thdng van hoa va lich sir lau ddi De khai thac het tiem nang the manh, thiic day DBSH phat trien hon nua, ddi hoi chiing ta phai cd bude dot pha trong cdng tac can bd, nham xay dung ddi ngu can bd cd trinh do chuyen mdn, tac phong lam viec khoa hoc, cd dao diic va lap trudng chinh tri viing vang

lam viec cua ngucd Bi thu Huyen uy hien nay (Qua khdo sdt thuc te a mgt so tinh dong bang song Hong) de nghien ciiu la van de cd y nghia

ca ve ly luan va thuc tiln

2 Tinh hinh nghien ciifu ciia de tai

Cdng tac can bd giir vi tri trong tam trong thdi ky ddi mdi, day la van de thu hiit dugc sir quan tam ciia nhieu co quan nghien ciiu ciia Dang va Nha nude Nhirng cdng trinh nghien ciiu nay dugc the hien dudi dang cac Chuong trinh nghien ciiu khoa hgc - cdng nghe cap nha nude, cac de tai nghien ciiu khoa hgc; luan van, luan an; cac bai dang bao, tap chi va sach chuyen khao

- Ve cdc Chuang trinh khoa hgc-cong nghe, de tdi khoa hoc: Cd the

ke den bao gdm:

• Chuong trinh KX05-11-02: C c cdu, tieu chudn cdn bg lanh dao chu

chdt cdc cdp uy Ddng trong he thdng chinh tri ddi mdi Chuong trinh da td

chiic khao sat, nghien curu thuc te tai nhieu dia phuong tren ca nude, tren co sd

dd xay dung co cau can bd, xac dinh he thdng cac tieu chudn can cd ddi vdi ddi ngQ cac ca'p uy dang trong he thdng chinh tri thdi ky ddi mdi:

• Chuong trinh KX01-BD03: Cac clu lieu ca bdn dgi ngU cdn bg lanh

dao, qudn ly, cdn bg chu chdt cdc cdp theo 7 vung lanh thd" Day la nghien

ciiu do Ban Td chiic Trung uong Dang thirc hien nam 2003 Chuong trinh da khao sat thuc te ddi ngu can bd lanh dao, quan ly, can bd chu chdt cac cap tai

7 viing lanh thd tren ca nude, dua tren tdng hgp kei qua dieu tra, khao sat, chuong trinh da de xuai nhieu giai phap quan trong nhdm xay dung ddi ngu can bd giai doan 2003-2010;

• De tai cap Bd: Ndng cao ndng luc td chicc hogt dgng thitc tien cila dgi

ngU cdn bg chu chdt cdp huyen a phia Bac nude ta trong tinh hinh hien nay,

do TS Nguyin Van Sau lam chii nhiem Tren co sd khao sat thuc te nang luc

d phia Bdc, de tai da dua ra nhieu giai phap quan trgng nhdm nang cao nang lire td chiic hoat ddng thuc tiln cho ddi ngu can bd nay;

• De tai cap Bd: Ndng cao ndng luc td chitc thiCc hien nghi cpiyet ctia dgi

ngU cdn bg lanh dao chu chdt d cdc tinh Bac Trung Bd do PGS, TS Truong

Thi Thdng lam chii nhiem De tai da nghien cuu mgt each cd he thdng nhiing va'n d l ly luan va thuc tiln ve cdng tac can bd, tren co sd khao sat, dieu tra thuc te ddi ngfl can bd d cac tinh Bdc Trung Bd, tir dd dua ra nhirng kien nghi quan trgng nham nang cao nang luc td chiic thuc hien nghi quyei ciia ddi ngii can bd lanh dao chii chdt d cac tinh Bdc Trung Bd;

• De tai cap Bd: Dao di(c ngicdi cdn bg lanh dao chinh tri trong dieu kien

kinh tethi trUdng dViet Nam hien nay- Thvtc trang vd xu hicdng bien dgng, do

PGS, TS Nguyin The Kiel lam chu nghiem, Vien Triei hgc la co quan chu tri

Dl tai da xay dung nhiing tieu chuan dao dire, khao sat thuc trang va de ra nhiing giai phap nhdm nang cao pham chai dao diic cho ddi ngu can bd lanh dao chinh tri d Viet Nam

- Ve luan vdn, luan dn: Trong nhirng nam vira qua, da cd mgt sd luan

van, luan an lien quan den van dl nghien ciiu nhu:

• Xdy dung dgi ngii cdn bg lanh dao chu chdt cua Ddng bg cdc cdp a Tdy

Nguyen hien nay, luan an Tien sy ciia Nguyin Mau Dung, thuc hien tai Hoc

vien Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh;

• Xdy di/ng dgi ngU cdn bg lanh dao chu chdt cdp tinh vung dong bdng

song Hong trong thdi ky ddy manh cong nghiep hod, hien dgi hod ddt nicdc,

luan an Tien sy ciia Nguyin Thai San, thuc hien tai Hoc vien Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh;

• HS Chi Minh bdn ve nhiing chudn mi(c dao di(c each mgng ciia ngicdi

cdn bg ddng vien, luan van Thac sy cua Ngd Duy Phan, thuc hien tai Hgc vien

Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh;

• Tieu chudn vd con dicdng hinh thdnh ngUdi Bi thit, Chii tich huyen a vung dong bang song Cuii Long hien nay (qua khdo sdt d tinh Ben Tre), luan

van Thac sy ciia Huynh Van Long, thuc hien tai Hgc vien Chinh tri qudc gia

Hd Chi Minh;

• Xdy difng dgi ngii cdn bg lanh dao chu chdt d Quan 3, Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh trong giai dogn hien nay, luan van Thac sy ciia Tran Thi Thu, thuc

hien tai Hgc vien Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh

Cac Chuong trinh, dl tai, luan van, luan an neu tren da di vao nghien ciiu tinh hinh ddi ngu can bd d nhilu dia phuong khac nhau, dudi nhilu gdc

do khac nhau, do dd kei qua nghien ciiu cung cd nhirng net dac thu rieng Tuy nhien, cho den nay vtn chua cd cdng trinh nao nghien ciiu mgt each chuyen sau va toan dien van de xay dung PCLV ciia ddi ngQ BTHU d vung DBSH Vl vay, viec lira chgn dl tai nghien cim tren se gdp phan lam phong phii them ly luan va thuc tiln, lam can cii khoa hgc cho viec xay dung PCLV khoa hgc ciia dpi ngQ BTHU vung DBSH hien nay

3 Phirong phap nghien ciiru

De hoan thanh muc tieu nghien ciiu, di tai da dua tren phuong phap

luan ciia chu nghia Mac - Le-nin (duy vat bien chung va duy vat lich sir), phuong phap phan tich thuc chiing tren co sd bam sat quan diem cua Dang, Nha nude de tiep can, phan tich va giai quyet van dl Ben canh dd de tai da sir dung mgt sd phuong phap nghien ciiu khoa hgc khac nhu: lay y kien ehuyen gia, khao sat thuc te, phuong phap so sanh, phuong phap phan tich - thdng ke, phuong phap xa hdi h o c

4 Qua trinh to chiire thirc hien

Sau mgt nam trien khai nghien ciiu, den nay dl tai da hoan tat cdng viec

nghien ciiu nhu sau:

• Tren co sd dl cuong da dugc tu van khoa hgc, chii nhiem dl tai cung

Vien xay dung Dang da xay dung de cuong chi tiet va cac chuyen dt nghien ciiu chuyen sau; mdi mgt sd nha khoa hgc tham gia nghien ciiu De tai da ky

hgp ddng vdi timg can bd khoa hgc trong va ngoai Hgc vien, mgt sd ddng chi

da va dang giu cuong vi BTHU ciia mgt sd huyen khu vuc DBSH theo phuong thiic thue khoan chuyen mdn;

• De phuc vu cdng tac nghien ciiu, dl tai da thu thap dugc 2 tap tai lieu vdi sd lugng 300 trang, gdm 2 tap;

• De tai da td chiic nghien ciiu thuc te tai cac tinh Hai Duong, Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Vinh Phiic, da lam viec vdi Ban Tuyen giao Tinh uy, Ban Td chiic Tinh uy, Huyen uy mgt sd huyen thugc cac tinh neu tren;

• Dl tai da td chiic toa dam khoa hgc ban vl nhung quan diem chinh ciia

de tai va cac hudng nghien ciiu chinh;

• De tai da thu dugc 17 chuyen dl ciia cac cdng tac vien

5 Cac muc tieu, nhiem vu de tai da dat dugc

5.7 Muc tieu

E>e tai da van dung ly luan chu nghia Mac- Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh

va quan niem cua Dang ta ve cdng tac can bd de danh gia thuc trang PCLV cua ddi ngu BTHU vung DBSH Qua dd, dl tai da dl xuat phuong hudng, giai phap xay dung PCLV ciia ddi ngu BTHU viing DBSH trong giai doan hien nay

De tai da cung cap luan cu khoa hpc cho viec ddi mdi, nang cao chai

lugng PCLV cho ddi ngu BTHU viing DBSH trong giai doan hien nay

5.2 Nhiem vu

De tai da hoan thanh mgt sd van de nghien ciiu sau:

- Lam rd mgt sd pham trii, khai niem va nhung van dl ly luan va thuc tiln nhu: he thdng chinh tri vung DBSH va vai trd ngudi BTHU, quan niem vl PCLV ciia ngudi BTHU va cac tieu chi danh gia;

- Nghien cihi, khao sat thuc te PCLV cua ddi ngQ BTHU d vung DBSH, qua dd chi ra nhung uu, khuyet diem, bai hgc kinh nghiem va yeu cau ciia viec xay dung PCLV cho ddi ngu BTHU;

- De xuai phuong hudng, giai phap nhdm xay dung PCLV khoa hgc cua ddi ngu BTHU vung DBSH trong thdi ky CNH-HDH dai nude

6 Ket qua nghien ciifu

De tai da xay dung dugc mgt ky yeu khoa hgc gdm: 17 chuyen dl vdi tdng sd trang la ; mgt bao cao tdng hgp gdm trang , ngoai phan md dau va ket luan, bao cao tdng hgp gdm 2 chuong:

Chuang /: Phong each lam viec ciia ngudi Bi thu huyen uy- nhung va'n

de ly luan va thuc tiln

Chuang II: Phirong hirdng, giai phap chii yeu nham xay dimg phong each

lam viec ciia ddi ngQ Bi thu Huyen uy \aing dong bdng sdng Hdng hien nay

Chuong 1 PHONG CACH LAM VIEC CUA NGl/ClI BI THU HUYEN UY -

N H U N G VAN DE LY LUAN VA THUC T I I N

1.1 HE THONG CHINH TRI CAP HUYEN 6 DONG BANG SONG HONG VA VAI TRO CUA NGUdl Bl THU HUYEN UY

1.1.1 Dac diem kinh te-xa hoi viing dong bang song Hong

DBSH la vung dat mau md, dugc hinh thanh do sir bdi dap phu sa ciia cac sdng nhanh can Bac va can Nam ciia sdng Hdng va mgt he thdng sdng ngdi phiic tap chay ra vinh Bac Bd qua 9 ciia sdng

Viing ddng bang sdng Hdng nam ngay canh phia Nam ciia dudng Bac chi tuyIn, giua vT dp 22°00' va 21°30' Bdc va kinh dp 105°30' va 107°00' Ddng Nd cd hinh dang dien hinh ciia mpt viing chau thd, vdi day la dudng bd bien keo dai 130 km tu trung tam md than va cang Thanh phd Ha Long d phia Bac, den diem cue Nam eua tinh Ninh Binh d phia Nam Dinh cua tam giac nay thay ddi theo thdi gian cung vdi su md rpng cua nd va hien tugng muc nude bien nit xudng

Khu trung tam ciia vung DBSH dat dai bang phang, phan Idn nam d dp cao tir 0,4 m den 12 m so vdi muc nude bien, vdi 56% cd dp cao thap hon 2

m Tuy nhien cung cd nhung khu vuc dat cao, dudi dang eacxto da vdi hinh thanh cac ddi rieng biet gidng nhu cac dinh mii nhpn va nhung day ddi nui dpc theo hai canh Tay-Nam va Ddng-Bac ciia viing

Phan Idn vung dat ciia ddng bang sdng Hdng dugc 2 loai de bao ve:

3000 km de ngan lu cua he thdng sdng va 1500 km de bien ngan sdng Idn ciia cac con bao d vinh Bac Bd

cd vai trd chii dao ddi vdi viing Nhiet dp khdng khi trung binh nam khoang 22,5-23,5°C va lugng mua trung binh nam 1400-2000 mm

DBSH la viing cd lich sir phat trien lau ddi Nhan dan ed trinh dp hpc van, cd kinh nghiem lam an Day la viing dat cd dieu kien thich hgp cho phat trien ndng nghiep Nd dugc nhieu nha sir hgc coi la noi hinh thanh va phat trien cua dan tdc Viet, mpt ndi van hda quan trpng cua ngudi Viet DBSH cd kinh te ndng nghiep phat trien, cd nen cdng nghiep tuong ddi phat trien so vdi viing khac

VI mat hanh chinh, DBSH cd 85 huyen va 96 thi tran vdi tdng dien tich

la 14.806 km^ Chiing nam trong 9 tinh, thanh phd cdng vdi mpt phan cua 2 tinh khac Mat dp dan cu d ddng bang chau thd sdng Hdng la cao nhat Viet Nam (1.192 ngudi/km^) Tdng dan sd cua viing la 17.649.700 ngudi (2003)' Day la trung tam chinh tri, van hoa eiia ca nude La trung tam giao luu, dich vu, thuong mai, du lich cua cac tinh phia Bac DBSH nam d vj tri trung tam ciia sir giao luu giira viing Ddng Bac vdi viing Tay Bac, giira viing niii phia Bac vdi mien Trung Do vi tri tu nhien, DBSH trd thanh noi ra bien ciia cac tinh phia Bac va so dieu kien phat trien hoat ddng lien van qudc te Viing

la dau mdi giao thdng ciia ca nude va ra nude ngoai; la noi cung cap cac tien

bd khoa hpc va cdng nghe cho cac vung khac; noi dao tao va cung cap can bd cho ca nude

Cac con sdng Idn ciia Ddng bang sdng Hdng deu bat ngudn tir viing nui phia Bac, rdi dd ra bien Ddng Mpi tac ddng len mdi trudng, nhu chat pha rirng, nia trdi dat d cac tinh dau ngudn, deu gay ra anh hudng va tac ddng len Ddng bang sdng Hdng

Ddng bang sdng Hdng chiu anh hudng rat manh cua bien Ddng va anh

Xem: http//wikipedia.org/viewNevv.asp?newsld=575&zoneld=10

hudng ciia bao lut ve miia mua Ve miia can, dp man tir bien xam nhap sau vao dat lien anh hudng den nude sdng va cac hoat ddng san xuat cua viing ven bien Ddng chay ngugc khi trieu len mang theo nude man vao sau trong dat lien, tren sdng Hdng la 20 km, tren sdng Thai Binh la 40 km

Bdng 1.1: Mot so chi tieu co so ha tang vung DBSH so sanh voi

cac viing khac

Cac chi tieu so sanh (%)

1 Sd xa cd dien

2 Sd xa cd trudng tieu hgc

3 Sd xa cd trudng phd thdng co sd

4 Sd xa cd tram y te

5 Ty le hd cd sii dung nude sach

6 Sd xa cd phii sdng truyen hinh

Ca nirdc

89,1 98,9 85,3 98,7 78,09 92,3

DBSH

99,8 99,9 99,6 99,9 91,09 97,9

DBSCL

98,3 79,9 84,0 99,3 45,41 98,3

DNB

98,3 99,7 75,0 99,0 91,98 97,0

Nguon: Nien gidm Thong ke ndm 2006, Tong cue Thong ke, Ha Noi, 2007

Vdi vi tri dia ly thuan Igi, DBSH cd nhieu Igi the so sanh so vdi cac dia phuong khac trong ea nude Viing DBSH cdn cd Igi the cua mgt trung tam hang dau ciia ca nude La viing cd the manh cua vi tri dia ly: noi tiep xiic vdi ben ngoai cua cac tinh phia Bac, noi tiep giap giu-a Ddng Nam A va Ddng Bac A; cd vi tri chien luge ve phat trien dat nude va hgp tac qudc te cua Viet Nam; cd dudng hang hai qudc te va dudng xuyen A di qua, cd cac cang bien Hai Phdng, Cai Lan, cac san bay qudc te, cd Thu dd Ha Ndi la trung tam chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, khoa hpc cdng nghe Idn ciia ca viing Bac Bd va ca nude; la dau mdi giao thdng quan trpng, tir DBSH di cac noi rat thuan tien, bang ca dudng bd, dudng sat, dudng sdng, dudng bien, dudng hang khdng Sir phat trien kinh te- van hoa- xa hdi ciia viing DBSH hdi tu dugc cac yeu td

de thu hiit vdn dau tu trong va ngoai nude; cd y nghTa tac ddng va lan toa true tiep den cac tinh trung du- mien niii phia Bac va cac tinh Khu IV cu, eae viing chua phat trien La viing cd the manh ve tai nguyen thien nhien: dat dai mau

md, cd da vdi, tai nguyen dau md, khi ddt dang dugc tham dd DBSH cung la vimg cd the manh ve tai nguyen con ngudi, tai nguyen tri tue va khoa hgc cdng nghe

Viing cd Igi the manh ve kinh te: mgt trong hai vua lua cua ca nude, cac hoat ddng dich vu (thdng tin, chuyen giao cdng nghe tu van ) phat trien;

cd nen cdng nghiep can ddi Viing cd he thdng ket cau ha tang tuong ddi ddng bd; vimg cd tiem nang Idn de phat trien trong nhirng nam trudc mat Hien nay, DBSH dang la dia ban thu hut vdn dau tu trong va ngoai nude, quy

md dau tu vao viing dang tang

Cac hoat ddng dich vu tai chinh, ngan hang, vien thdng, xuat nhap khau, du lich, tu van, chuyen giao cdng nghe eua DBSH md rdng ra tren pham vi ca nude, chii yeu la d cac tinh phia Bac Vdi the manh ve vi tri dia ly, tai nguyen thien nhien, co sd ha tang va chat lugng ngudn nhan lire, nam

2006, vimg DBSH ddng gdp 23,3% GDP cua ca nude, tdng thu ngan sach cua viing khoang 35,5 nghin ty ddng, chiem 25,3% thu ngan sach cua ca nude; gia tri kim ngach xuat khau chiem 20,5% tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua ca nude; thu hiit dugc khoang 27% vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai trong tdng sd vdn dau tu nude ngoai ciia ca nude'

DBSH la mgt trung tam du lich Idn vdi nhieu tiem nang ve canh quan thien nhien, ve di tich van hoa, lich sir, dan tdc, va cung gan cac viing xung quanh cd nhirng tiem nang du ljch quan trgng, cd the tao thanh cac tuyen du lich lien viing

Ben canh nhung thuan Igi neu tren, DBSH van gap khdng it khd khan, thach thirc ve kinh te-xa hdi Trong nhung nam vira qua, do tinh hinh xam thuc tren luu vuc kha manh, nen sdng Hdng cd lugng cat bun Idn nhat trong cac sdng d nude ta Hang nam lugng cat bun gdp phan lan ra bien hang tram

Tong cue Thong ke, Nien giam Thong ke Viet Nam ndm 2006, Nxb Thong ke Ha Noi, 2006 tr.87

hecta dat mdi Lugng cat bun nay lam cho nhieu cua sdng va ludng lach bi bdi lang nen thudng xuyen phai nao vet

Cac thanh phd va khu cdng nghiep ngay cang phat trien lam cho nude sdng Hdng dang bi d nhiem cue bd va cd nguy co bi d nhiem tren toan tuyen, dien tich dat ndng nghiep ngay cang bi thu hep va d nhiem Theo khao sat, hien nay, d viing DBSH cac ndng hd cd rat it rudng dat, binh quan mdi hd chi

cd 0,1 den 0,3 ha, lai chia thanh nhieu d, thiia khac nhau, do dd viec co gidi hoa ndng nghiep gap nhieu khd khan, day la thach thirc Idn ddi vdi su phat trien ben virng ciia ca viing

Do mat dp dan sd cua DBSH Idn, theo dieu tra dan sd vimg DBSH, miic sdng ciia cu dan thap, chenh lech giira cu dan thanh thi va ndng thdn Idn

va khoang each ngay cang doang ra, nen mpt sd dan vimg DBSH hien cd khoang 15,5 trieu dan, dan sd sdng d thanh thi khoang hon 4,5 trieu ngudi, la vung cd mat dp dan sd ddng nhat ciia ca nude Dan sd ddng cung tao ra ap lire

ve viec lam ddi vdi toan viing

DBSH chua san xuat du eae san pham cdng nghiep cho nen hang nam chi dap ling 45%) nhu cau, cdn lai 35% phai dua tir cac vung khac vao va 20% phai nhap tir nude ngoai Diem xuat phat cua nen kinh te thap GDP dau ngudi nam 2006 chi dat 9.493.000 ddng/ngudi/nam (binh quan ca nude la

8.348.000 ddng Ddng Nam Bd la 11.758.000 ddng)' Cho d6n nay, kinh tk

ciia cac huyen vung DBSH van edn chu yeu dua vao ndng nghiep, cham chuyen dich ve co cau kinh te

Ben canh dd, tap quan lam an cii kT, khd sira ddi, chiu tac ddng lau dai ciia CO che quan ly quan lieu bao cap, thien ve giir dp dn dinh hon la tap tmng thiic day phat trien Day la nhung lire can ddi vdi sir phat trien cua viing Tdc

dp phat trien ciia viing can day nhanh trong khi dang thieu vdn, chinh sach

' Tong cue Thong ke, Nien gidm Thong ke ndm 2006, Nxb Thdng ke, Ha Noi, 2007, tr 73

luat phap chua ddng bd, co sd vat chat, kT thuat yeu, cu, thieu

1.1.2 Vi tri, vai tro va dac diem cua cap huyen a dong bang sdng Hong

1.1.2.1 Vi tri cua cdp huyen viing dong bdng song Hong

ca'p huyen la mpt ca'p trong he thdng td chiic bd may cua Dang va Nha nude ta hien nay, cap huyen la ca'p trung gian, la cau ndi giua cap tinh va ca'p

CO sd ca'p huyen chiu su lanh dao, quan ly true tiep cua cap tinh; ddng thdi, ca'p huyen lanh dao, quan ly true tiep va toan dien ddi vdi cap xa, dam bao cho cap xa thuc su la cau ndi giua Dang, Nha nude vdi nhan dan Ca'p huyen vung DBSH giir mgt vi tri quan trgng trong qua trinh day manh CNH, HDH hien nay Theo he thdng td chiic bdn cap cua bd may Dang va Nha nude hien nay thi ca'p huyen la ca'p dam bao su gdn kei, lien thdng toan bd cac hoat ddng xay dung ndi bd Dang, hoat ddng lanh dao, va td chiic thuc hien cac nhiem vu chinh tri ddi vdi ca'p xa, dam bao cho hoat ddng ciia he thdng td chiic bd may nay van hanh mgt each hieu qua Vdi vi tri dd, cap huyen la ca'p dam bao cho dudng Idi, chu truong ciia Dang, chinh sach va phap luat ciia Nha nude, cac chil truong, chinh sach ciia tinh den cap huyen va cu the hoa phii hgp vdi dac diem tung dia ban co sd; lanh dao, td churc cho cac Dang bd, chi bd chinh quyen ca'p co sd cu the hoa nhung van dl nay vao thuc tiln cudc sdng He thdng chinh tri cap huyen bao dam su kei ndi lien thdng toan bd cac hoat ddng xay dung Dang, Nha nude va cac doan the chinh tri - xa hdi, lam cho he thdng chinh tri hoat ddng mgt each chat che, thdng sudt va thdng nhai tir cap co sd den ca'p tinh

Vdi vi tri la co quan lanh dao, quan ly true tiep ddi vdi cap xa cac hoat ddng cua Dang bd va chinh quyen cap huyen gdn liln vdi hoat ddng ciia he thdng chinh tri cap co sd, dam bao cho ca'p xa ndm vung tam tu, nguyen vgng cua nhan dan, giiip cap tinh ndm vung thdng tin tren cac linh vuc ddi sdng xa hdi, tren co sd dd bao cao Trung uong xay dung cac chinh sach phat trien phu

hgp vdi dac diem ciia timg dia phuong

1.1.2.2 Vai trd, chitc ndng cua cdp huyen viing dong bdng song Hong

Xuai phat vi tri nhu vay, ca'p huyen la cap lanh dao, quan ly ca'p co sd mgt each true tiep, toan dien, sau sat tren mgi linh vuc ddi sdng xa hdi Mgt mat, cap huyen cd trach nhiem lanh dao, quan ly cac linh vuc chinh tri, kinh

te, van hoa, xa hdi, an ninh, qudc phdng tren dia ban huyen Mat khac, cap huyen cdn phai chiu trach nhiem trudc nhan dan trong huyen va ca'p tren ve nhung khuyet diem, yeu kem, tdn tai trong cdng tac lanh dao, trong viec td chiic thuc hien dudng loi, chii truong ciia Dang, chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nude Huyen la ca'p cu the hoa cac chii truong, phuong hudng, nhiem vu, ke hoach cua tinh vao dieu kien cua dia phuong; lanh dao, chi dao, phdi hgp vdi cap CO sd thuc hien tdt cac nhiem vu ma cap tren giao Ben canh dd, cap huyen

cd trach nhiem gdp phan phdi hgp chat che vdi cac co quan, ban nganh thuc hien tdt qui hoach tdng the ciia tinh tren dia ban huyen, cung vdi cap tinh giai quyet nhiing van dl phat sinh trong mdi quan he giua cap tinh vdi huyen, giua nhan dan dia phuong vdi cap tinh Xuai phat tu vi tri, vai trd neu tren, ca'p huyen thuc hien cac nhiem vu cu the sau:

- Lanh dao, chi dao va thuc hien viec cu the hoa nhung chii truong, phuong hudng, nhiem vu, ke hoach ciia tinh, thdng qua viec xay dung thanh cac de an, chuong tnnh hanh ddng ciia cap huyen va td chiic thuc hien Cap huyen phai quan triet Nghi quyet Dai hdi Dang bd tinh; cac nghi quyei, chinh sach cua HDND tinh; cac nghi quyet, quyei dinh, chuong trinh, dl an ciia UBND tinh thdng qua viec td chirc hgc tap, nghien ciiu de cu the hoa thanh cac chuong trinh hanh ddng phu hgp vdi dilu kien thuc te ciia dia phuong Sau

dd, lanh dao, td chiic cho cap co sd cu the hoa cac ndi dung nay vao thuc te eo sd; thuc hien ddn ddc, kiem tra, phdi hgp vdi cap eo sd giai quyei tdt nhung va'n dl phat sinh, thuc hien tdt nhiem vu cap tren giao

- Lanh dao, quan ly cap co sd trong viec xay dung chinh quyIn co sd

vung manh, thuc hien tdt Qui che ddn chii ca sd Xay dung bd may chinh

quyen vung manh, thuc hien dan chii d co sd la nhiem vu hang dau ciia ca'p huyen Cdng viec nay ddi hdi ca'p huyen phai ndm rd dac dilm cua tirng don vi

CO sd, chi dao sau sat va quan ly chat che viec thuc hien ehu trucmg, chinh sach ciia Dang, phap luat eua Nha nude, nghi quyet ciia tinh, huyen, qua dd cd nhung hinh thiic, phuong phap td chiic thuc hien d co sd, thudng xuyen kiem tra sau sat viec chap hanh cac qui dinh ciia Dang va Nha nude vl xay dung bd may va thuc hien dan chii d co sd

- Lanh dao phat trien kinh te d dia phuong, day la nhiem vu quan trpng

va hei sire nang nl Phan Idn ca'p huyen gdn liln vdi kinh te ndng nghiep va ndng thdn Do dd, nhiem vu hang dau trong lanh dao phat trien kinh te la phat trien ndng nghiep, ndng thdn thdng qua cac hoat ddng eu thi nhu: lanh dao chuyen dich co ca'u kinh te ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep, tieu thii cdng nghiep d ndng thdn; tim kiem thi trudng cho san phdm ndng nghiep; xay dung co sd ha tang ndng thdn (dien, dudng, trudng, tram, he thdng thuy Igi); thuc hien cac bien phap khuyen ndng; giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng

- Lanh dao phat triln van hoa-xa hdi d dia phuong DBSH la viing cd truyin thdng lich sir va van hoa lau ddi, viec gin giu va phat triln cac truyin thdng nay la nhiem vu hei sire quan trgng ddi vdi cap huyen Ben canh dd, ca'p huyen cdn phai lanh dao va chi dao viec thuc hien cac chinh sach phat trien van hoa- xa hdi nhu: xay dung he thdng giao due (xoa mil chu, xay dung trudng ldp, ddi ngQ giao vien ); phat trien sir nghiep y te d dia phuong; phat trien he thdng thdng tin tuyen truyin; bai tru te nan me tin, di doan, xay dung ddi sdng van hoa mdi

- Lanh dao xay dung, gin giu an ninh, qudc phdng d dia phuong DBSH

la noi tap trung nhilu co quan chinh tri dau nao eiia ca nude; la viing kinh te trgng diem, vdi nhilu nganh kinh te mQi nhgn, la vung cd mat dp dan cu

ddng Chinh vi vay, viec dam bao an ninh chinh tri, an ninh kinh te la mgt yeu cau hei siic quan trgng ddi vdi ca'p huyen viing DBSH Trong nhung nam qua, ciing vdi sir phat trien ciia kinh te, tinh hinh an ninh-qudc phdng d viing DBSH diln ra hei siic phirc tap, dd la: tinh trang khieu kien ddng ngudi keo dai, su chdng pha ciia cac the lire thu dich; trdm cdp, cd bac Thuc trang nay ddi hdi phai xay dung he thdng chinh tri ca'p huyen thuc su viing manh mdi dam bao dugc sir dn dinh an ninh-qudc phdng, dilu kien quan trgng cho sir phat trien ciia kinh te

1.1.2.3 Ddc diem cua cdp huyen viing dong bdng song Hong

Theo qui dinh ciia phap luat, huyen la mgt trong bdn ca'p hanh chinh ciia nIn hanh chinh qudc gia, huyen cd chirc nang chu yeu la hudng dan, giup

dd va kiem tra chinh quyIn co sd thuc hien nhiem vu phat trien kinh te-xa hdi, giu gin an ninh- qudc phdng tren dia ban huyen Cung nhu cac huyen khac tren ca nude, huyen d vung DBSH la cap trung gian ciia chinh quyIn dia phuong (ndm giua cap tinh va cap co sd) khdng true tiep tiep xiic vdi dan, dd

la diem khac biet so vdi chinh quyIn co sd Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung dac diem chung, ca'p huyen d vung DBSH cd mgt sd diem dac thu khac vdi cac dia phuong khac sau day:

Thic nhdt, huyen d DBSH la dia ban phat trien ndng nghiep, tieu thii

cdng nghiep va ngu nghiep O day dai dai phi nhieu, mau md, thdi tiet thuan loi; la vung ddng bdng dugc tao nen bdi hai he thdng sdng Idn la sdng Hdng

va sdng Thai Binh, dugc bao bgc bdi he thdng de chdng IQ kien cd, dai dai bang phdng, phi nhieu, khi hau nhiet ddi va can nhiet ddi gid mua, day la dilu kien thuan Igi dl DBSH phat trien kinh te ndng nghiep

Tir khi thuc hien dudng loi ddi mdi ciia Dang, dac biet tir khi thuc hien Nghi quyei 10 cua Bd Chinh tri den nay, kinh te ndng nghiep ciia vung DBSH

da cd nhung bude phat triln quan trgng Siic lao ddng trong nhan dan dugc

giai phdng, tai nguyen dai dai dugc khai thac cd hieu qua, co sd vat chai ky thuat trong ndng nghiep va phuc vu ndng nghiep dugc tang cudng, nIn san xuai ndng nghiep dat mirc tang trudng kha

Bang 1.2: San xuat nong nghiep vung DBSH qua cac nam

San xuat nong nghiep vimg

DBSH

Gia tri san xuat ndng nghiep (ty

VND)

(Gia so sanh nam 1994)

Tdc do phat trien gia tri san xuat

ndng nghiep qua cac nam

Nguon: Nong nghiep Viet Nam: 1995-2006, Tong euc Thong ke Ha Noi, 2006

Ngoai ra, viing DBSH cQng cd mgt sd huyen thude cac tinh nhu Thai Binh, Nam Djnh, Ninh Binh, Hai Phdng tiep giap vdi bien, day la dilu kien hei siic thuan Igi de phat trien nganh nudi trdng, danh bdt thuy san Vdi nhirng tiem nang va dieu kien thuan Igi de san xuai ndng nghiep, cac huyen d vung DBSH dlu la nhung dia ban trgng dilm vl nudi trdng, danh bdt thuy san O cac huyen nay da hinh thanh cac vung nudi trdng, che bien thuy san Idn, nhilu ddi tau danh bdt thuy san xa bd San lugng thuy san nudi trdng va danh bdt khdng ngimg tang, vdi miic tang binh quan hang nam dat 8-11%

DBSH cung la vung cd nhilu lang nghi truyin thdng tdn tai tir lau ddi Tuy nhien, trong mgt thdi gian dai, cac lang nghi truyin thdng khdng cd co hdi phat trien, nghi truyin thdng da mai mgt, thai truyin Tir khi thuc hien cdng cudc ddi mdi den nay, cac lang nghi da phuc hdi manh me va phat trien nhanh chdng Ben canh nhung lang nghi truyin thdng nhu: san xuai hang my nghe kham trai (huyen Thudng Tin- Ha Tay), det lua to tdm (Ha Ddng- Ha

Tay), nhieu lang nghi mdi da hinh thanh nhu: do gd my nghe Ddng Ky, san

xuai sdt thep d Da Hdi ( huyen Tir Son- Bdc Ninh), san xuat phu tiing xe may (huyen Nam True, Nam Dinh), san xuat da my nghe xuai khau (huyen Nho Quan, Yen Khanh-Ninh Binh)

Vdi dac trung la cac huyen san xuai ndng, ngu nghiep va thu cdng nghiep, mgt trong nhung nhiem vu quan trgng hang dau ciia ca'p uy va chinh quyIn cap huyen dd la lanh dao ca'p co sd va nhan dan san xuai thdng qua cac cdng viec nhu: xay dung co sd ha tang ndng thdn, khuyen ndng, tim kiem thi trudng cho ndng san, hd trg ky thuat san xuat cho ndng dan Day la nhiem

vu het sure khd khan ciia cap uy va ngudi BTHU vung DBSH

Thic hai, cap huyen d viing DBSH mang dam net truyin thdng van hoa

va quan he xa hdi cua cdng ddng dan cu ndng nghiep lau ddi, nhung cQng sdm chiu nhung tac ddng ciia nIn kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN DBSH la trung tam van hoa, chinh tri lau ddi cua ca nude, vdi khoang 1.700 di tich lich sir van hoa dugc xep hang, chiem hon 70% sd di tich ciia ca nude Day la vung dai cd nhieu di tich lich sir, van hoa ndi tieng nhu: chiia Huong, chiia Phat tich, chua Dau, din thd cac vua nha Ly, cd dd Hoa Lu Vdi nhilu Igi the

so vdi cac vung kinh te khac trong ea nude, ngay tir rai sdm, kinh te thi trudng

da xam nhap va cdng cudc CNH, HDH da diln ra d vung DBSH, dilu nay gdp phan thiic day sir phat irien ciia ca viing

Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung Igi ich ma nIn kinh te thi trudng va cdng cudc CNH, HDH mang lai, cac huyen d vung DBSH cQng chiu khdng it tac ddng tieu cue Dd la su tac ddng tir mat trai cua nIn kinh te thi trudng, nhung tac ddng nay da lam thay ddi, tham chi lam bien dang cac quan he xa hdi truyin thdng tdn tai tir hang ngan nam lich sir Trong nhung nam vira qua, ben canh viec tu tao, sira chua cac di tich van hoa, lich sir qudc gia, thi tinh trang xam pham cac di tich nay cQng dang diln ra mgt each phd bien Cac ll hdi va sinh hoat van hoa truyin thdng dang dan mai di ban sde, thay vao dd la tinh trang "thuong mai hoa", "hien dai hoa" Cac hoat ddng me tin, di doan, cd

bac da xuai hien mpt each tuong ddi phd bien, lam mai di tinh tdn nghiem, truyin thdng tdt dep ciia ll hdi

Nhung tac ddng ciia nIn kinh te thi trudng va CNH, HDH cQng da tac ddng khdng nhd den quan he xa hdi d ndng thdn vung DBSH Cac quan he hg tdc, lang gilng bi phai nhat; nhilu mdi quan he mdi xuat hien ben canh nhung quan he cd truyin; su phan hoa thu nhap, miic sdng; sir khac nhau vl nep nghi, Id'i lam an da lam cho quan he xa hdi ngay cang trd nen phiic tap

Nhung nhan td tren day cd anh hudng va tac ddng khdng nhd tdi ddi ngQ can bd ndi chung, trong dd cd ddi ngQ can bd la BTHU

Thdba, ca'p huyen d vung DBSH dang chiu nhieu siic ep trong tien trinh

CNH, HDH dai nude Cung vdi nhung thanh tuu vl kinh te - xa hdi ma cdng cudc CNH, HDH mang lai, cac huyen vung DBSH dang chiu khdng it ap luc nay sinh tir CNH, HDH, dd la:

(1) Sir phat trien kinh te-xa hdi ciia vung chua tuong xiing vdi tilm nang va Igi the Mirc tang va ddng gdp GDP cua cac huyen viing DBSH cdn tha'p Nin cdng nghiep vl co ban van chi la gia cdng, so che, phu thude vao nguyen lieu ciia nude ngoai va eiia cac vung kinh te khac nen gia tri gia tang

ma cdng nghiep mang lai cdn thap Kim ngach xuat khau binh quan dau ngudi nam 2004 chi bdng 88% so vdi ca nude va bdng khoang 20-25% so vdi viing Ddng Nam Bd; chua cd chii truong phat trien cac san pham chii lire ed uu the canh tranh

Trong linh vuc ndng nghiep, nang suai lao ddng va gia tri thu nhap tinh tren don vi dien tich cdn thap, chi phi cao; san pham san xuai ra chua mang tinh canh tranh cao, chua dap ung yeu cau phat trien nhanh va ben vung ciia vung Cdng nghiep phat trien kha, song van cdn mang tinh tu phat; cdng tac qui hoach va thirc hien qui hoach edn yeu, chua bam sat yeu cau dl ra, dae biet la trong viec phat trien cac khu cdng nghiep, lang nghe Chua hinh thanh

cac viing san xuat ndng san tap trung phuc vu xuai khau He thdng cac doanh nghiep tu nhan cdn nhd be, cac doanh nghiep nha nude lam an chua hieu qua van cdn nhieu va cham dugc ddi mdi Sir phat trien ciia nIn kinh te cQng da pha vd kei cau ha tdng cua vung, he thdng dudng sa giao thdng, cang bien, dudng dien da trd nen qua tai, xudng cap, ddi hdi phai dau tu nhilu hon nua

de dap ung nhu cau phat trien bin vung ciia viing

(2) Dudi tac ddng ciia CNH, HDH, bd mat cac huyen vung DBSH da thay ddi mgt each sau sde, nhimg ben canh dd cung lam nay sinh nhilu van de

xa hdi hei siic phirc tap Trudc sir phat trien ciia CNH, HDH, dai dai canh tac ciia vung DBSH ngay cang bi thu hep, dilu nay da dan tdi hang loat he qua ma cho den nay vin chua cd hudng giai quyei Dd la, tinh trang ngudi lao ddng thieu viec lam, hoac cd viec lam nhung khdng dn dinh; cdng tac day nghi cho ngudi lao ddng ddi du do thu hdi dai chua lam tdt; lao ddng d ndng thdn dd ra

dd thi nhilu, tao nen sire ep vl viec lam, ddi sdng va an ninh trat tu ciia dd thi

Su phat trien ciia cdng nghiep viing DBSH da de doa den sir can bdng mdi trudng sinh thai Dai dai canh tac cay luong thuc bi thu hep, theo tinh toan, giai doan 1981-1995, binh quan dai ndng nghiep tren mgt hd ndng nghiep giam 41% va tren mpt nhan klidu ndng nghiep giam 44,2%' Dien tich dai canh tac ngay cang giam, nhudng chd cho cac khu cdng nghiep, cdng trinh

ha tdng giao thdng da din tdi sir de doa vl an ninh luong thuc ddi vdi viing DBSH va ca nude Tinh trang d nhilm ngudn nude, khdng khi, dai dai la nguyen nhan true tiep din tdi sir hinh thanh nhilu "lang ung thu", "canh ddng chei", "ddng sdng chet" d viing DBSH

Tinh trang phan hoa giau ngheo diln ra mpt each nhanh chdng Ben canh mgt so hd giau len mgt each nhanh chdng thi khdng it hd lai roi vao hoan

' Khoa Van hoa Xa hoi ehu nghTa- Hoc vien Chinh tri quoe gia Ho Chi Minh, Cdc gidi phdp phdt

huy vai trd cua vdn hod trong qud trinh phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi a nong thon dong bdng Bdc Bo, de

tai nghien ciru khoa hoc cap Bo, Ha Noi, 200! (tai heu luu hanh noi bo)

canh hei siic khd khan do thieu dai san xuat, khdng cd nghi nghiep sau khi bi thu hdi dai, kha nang thich nghi vdi loi lam an mdi cdn cham, lam cho khoang canh giua ngudi giau va ngudi ngheo ngay cang ed xu hudng doang ra Cac quan he truyen thdng d lang xa nhu Mng gilng, ddng hg da khdng cdn dugc ben chat nhu trudc day Tinh trang trdm cdp, hiit xach, ed bac, va cac te nan

xa hdi khac da xam nhap vao ndng thdn Day la nhiing thach thiic va cQng la

ap luc ddi vdi cac huyen viing DBSH trong tien trinh CNH, HDH

(3) Trudc su phat trien ciia CNH, HDH ddi hdi chinh quyIn cap huyen phai khdng ngimg nang cao nang lire lanh dao va quan ly mgi mat ddi sdng kinh te- xa hdi Kinh te thi trudng cang phat trien va xam nhap manh me vao ndng thdn ddi hdi chinh quyIn cap huyen cang phai nang ddng, ed dii nang luc de td chiic va quan ly nIn kinh te- xa hdi tren dia ban huyen Tuy nhien, trong nhQng nam vira qua, d nhilu huyen viing DBSH, cap uy va chinh quyIn ca'p huyen vin cdn hei sire lung tung trong lanh dao va td chiie nIn kinh te Nang lire lanh dao va td chirc cua nhilu can bd huyen vin chua tuong xiing vdi nhiem vu dugc giao Mgt sd can bd thoai hoa, bien chai, tinh trang nhQng nhilu, cira quyIn d ca'p huyen vin chua dugc cham dirt Xay dung ca'p huyen manh, cd dii nang lire lanh dao va td chirc phat trien nIn kinh te- xa hdi, day nhanh qua trinh CNH, HDH dang la thach thiic dat ra ddi vdi cdng tac can bd

d vung DBSH hien nay

1.1.3 Vai tro, chirc nang, nhiem vu va dac diem ciia ngudi Bi thu Huyen uy viing dong bang sdng Hong

1.1.3.1 Vai tro, chitc ndng, nhiem vu ciia ngudi Bi thu Huyen uy

Can bd va cdng tac can bd giu vi tri dac biet quan trpng ddi vdi sir phat trien ciia mdi mpt qudc gia, du qudc gia dd phat trien theo dinh hudng XHCN hay TBCN Chii nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ludn khdng dinh

va dl cao vai trd con ngudi trong tien trinh xay dung xa hdi mdi Ngay tir the

ky XIX, mac dti liic nay giai ca'p vd san chua gianh dugc chinh quyIn each mang, nhung C Mac da kei luan rdng bai cii tu tudng nao diu cao sieu, vl dai den dau thi tu tudng vin mai mai chi la tu tudng, neu tu tudng dd khdng cd ngudi truyen ba, van dung nd trong ddi sdng xa hdi C Mac cho rdng: "Mudn thuc hien tdt nhung tu tudng thi can cd nhQng con ngudi van dung mgt lire lugng thuc tiln"'

C.Mac va Ph.Anghen cdn khdng dinh trong can bd, cd bd phan nhung ngudi cdng san uu tii la nhan td tich cuu de thuc ddy phong trao each mang phat trien theo con dudng tu giac Cac dng khai quat:

VI mat thuc tiln, nhung ngudi cdng san la bd phan kien quyet nhat trong tat ca cac dang cdng nhan d tat ca cac nude, la bd phan ed vu tai ca cac dang cdng nhan d tai ca cac nude, la bd phan ed vu tat ca cac bd phan khac; vl mat ly luan, hg hon hdn bd phan cdn lai ciia giai cip vd san d chd hg hilu rd nhung dilu kien, tien trinh va kei qua chung ciia phong trao vd san^

Bao ve, ke thira va phat trien nhung quan diem cua Mac, tir thuc tiln each mang Nga, V.I Lenin da nit ra kei luan: "Trong lieh sir, chua he cd mgt giai cap nao gianh dugc quyIn thdng tri, neu nd khdng dao tao ra dugc hang ngQ cua minh, nhung lanh tu chinh tri, nhung dai bieu tien phong ed dii kha nang td chirc lanh dao phong trao"\

De dam bao cho each mang gianh thdng Igi thi phai xac dinh dudng loi, nhiem vu chinh tri diing va bien dudng Idi, nhiem vu chinh tri dd thanh hien thuc, day la mgt qua trinh Trong qua trinh nay, va'n dl can bd cd y nghia quyet dinh Neu khdng cd dpi ngQ can bd cd nang lire lanh dao, nang lire chuyen mdn, trung thanh vdi ly tudng each mang thi dudng loi, nhiem vu dl

' C Mae va Ph Angghen, rM>'e«/op, tiSng Viet, tap 1, Nxb Su that Ha Noi, 1980, tr 145

^ C Mac va Ph Angghen, Todn tap, tilng Viet, tap 1, Nxb Chinh tri quoe gia Ha npi, 1980, tr 583

^ V.I Lenin, Todn tap, tiang Viet, tap 6, Nxb Ti6n bo, Mat-co-va, 1974, tr 407

ra du diing, cung chi dung lai tren van ban giay td Khi ndi vl vai trd ciia ngudi can bd trong hoat ddng thue tiln, V.l Lenin da chi rd: "Nghien ciru con ngudi, tim nhung can bd cd ban linh, hien nay la then chdt; neu khdng thi tai

ca mgi menh lenh va quyet dinh se chi la md gia'y Idn"' Va ngudi yeu cau: can bd each mang phai "la nhung ngudi biei each bien cac sde lenh tir trang thai gia'y Idn diy bui bam thanh thuc tiln cudc sd'ng"^

Sau khi each mang thang Mudi thanh cdng, trong qua trinh xay dung chinh dang vd san va bd may Nha nude xd-viei, V.I Lenin ludn ludn gdn van

dl kien toan td chiic va hoat ddng ciia bd may vdi xay dung ddi ngQ can bd, nhai la can bd chii chdt cua Dang va Nha nude V.I Lenin cdn chi rd, ddi ngQ can bd la nhan to dam bao vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san, theo Ngudi:

"Ngudi cdng san chi cd mgt each duy nhat de chiing minh quyIn lanh dao ciia minh dd la tim cho dugc ngay cang nhilu nhung ngudi phu ta, biei giup dd hp lam viec, biei dl bat hp, biei gidi thieu hp va chii y den kinh nghiem eiia hp"\ Ngay sau khi gianh dugc chinh quyIn each mang, Hd Chi Minh da hei siic chu y den viec xay dung ddi ngQ can bd Van dung sang tao va phat trien

ly luan cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin vao thue tiln each mang Viet Nam, Ngudi

da eu the hoa quan diem ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin vl cdng tac can bd Ngudi khang dinh: "Can bd la gdc ciia mgi cdng viee Cdng viec thanh cdng hay thai bai dlu do can bd tdt hay kem""

Neu la can bd tdi, can bd ngang tam vdi yeu cau nhiem vu thi viec xay dung dudng loi, chinh sach se diing ddn va la dilu kien tien quyet dua su nghiep each mang di den thdng Igi Khdng ed ddi ngQ can bd tdi thi du cd dudng Id'i, chinh sach diing cQng khd cd the bien thanh hien thuc dugc Mudn bien dudng loi thanh hien thirc, can cd con ngudi sir dung lire lugng thirc tiln

' V.I Lenin, Todn tap, tieng Viet, tap 44, Nxb Tiln bo, Mat-ca-va, 1974, tr.449

^ V.I Lenin, Todn tap, tilng Viet, tap 54, Nxb Tiln bo, Mat-eo-va, 1978, tr.235

' V.I Lenin, Todn tap, tilng Viet, tap 6, Nxb Tiln bo, Mat-ca-va, 1974, tr.473

•"Hd Chi Minh, Toart rap, tap 5, Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia Ha Noi, 1995,tr 563

Dd la ddi ngu can bd each mang va ciing vdi quan chung each mang, bdng su nhiet tinh cua minh de dua each mang den thanh cdng Va trong sudt cudc ddi hoat ddng each mang ciia minh, Hd Chi Minh ludn quan tam dae biet den cdng tac dao tao, huan luyen can bd Tham chi, ngay tir khi each mang cdn chua thanh cdng, Ngudi da timg chi ra: Can bd la vdn ciia toan the, cd vdn mdi lam ra lai Bat cii chinh sach, cdng tac gi neu cd can bd tdt thi thanh cdng, tiic

cd lai Khdng cd can bd tdt thi hdng viec, tiic Id vdn Theo Hd Chi Minh, ngudi can bd each mang phai tuyet ddi trung thanh vdi ly tudng, hei ldng phuc

vu nhan dan, hg phai la cau ndi giua Dang, chinh quyIn vdi nhan dan Hg la ngudi lanh dao, ddng thdi cQng la ngudi "day td" ciia nhan dan

Dua tren nIn tang tu tudng ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vl va'n dl can bd va cdng tac can bd, xac dinh rd vi tri, vai trd ciia ddi ngQ can bd ddi vdi thdng Igi eua su nghiep each mang, trong sudt chang dudng gan 80 nam lanh dao each mang Viet Nam, Dang Cdng san Viet Nam tiep tuc khdng dinh: "Cdng tac can bd la nhan td quyet dinh sir thanh bai cua each mang, gdn liln vdi van menh ciia Dang, ciia che do va ciia dai nude, la khau then chdt trong cdng tac xay dimg Dang"' Vi vay, "ddi mdi can bd lanh dao cac cap la mdt xich quan trpng nhai ma Dang ta phai ndm chdc", "toan Dang phai hei siic cham lo xay dimg that tdt dpi ngQ can bd"^

Vi tri, vai trd ciia ngudi can bd hit sire to Idn, trong thuc te, vai trd dd dugc bdc Id qua cac mdi quan he sau day: (1) quan he giua can bd vdi dudng loi chinh sach; (2) quan he giua can bd vdi bd may (gdm cac td chirc lanh dao, quan ly); (3) quan he giua can bd vdi cdng viec; (4) quan he giua can bd vdi quan chung nhan dan Can bd la lire lugng ndng cdt trong cac phong trao hanh ddng ciia each mang ciia quan chiing Neu khdng cd ddi ngQ can bd vung manh, dii

' Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Cdc nghi quyet ciia Trung ucmg Dang, giai dogn 1996-2000, Nxb

Chinh tri qu6c gia Ha Noi, 2000, tr.35

^ Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hoi dgi bieu todn qudc lan thic Vll, Nxb Chinh tri quoe

gia, Ha Npi, 1996, tr 145

sire ganh vac nhiem vu ciia Dang va nhan dan giao phd thi Dang khdng the duy tri sir lanh dao ciia minh ddi vdi xa hdi

Su nghiep CNH, HDH eiia cac huyen d viing DBSH cd thanh cdng hay khdng phu thude rai Idn vao su lanh dao ciia Dang, nang lire td chiic va quan

ly ciia chinh quyIn cac cap, dac biet la cap huyen BTHU vdi tu each la ngudi diing diu Ban Thudng vu Ban Cha'p hanh Dang bd huyen trong nhiem ky dai hdi, la hat nhan chii chdt lanh dao he thdng chinh tri cap huyen, ddi ngQ nay giu vi tri het siic quan trgng Su lanh dao sang sudt, PCLV khoa hgc ciia hg la nhan to cd anh hudng Idn den sir thanh cdng hay thai bai cua sir nghiep day manh CNH, HDH d vung DBSH

Vdi tu each la ngudi lanh dao, kiem tra toan bd cac hoat ddng ciia Dang

bd huyen tren tai ca cac linh vuc eiia ddi sdng chinh tri- xa hdi, ehiic nang, vai trd, va nhiem vu cua ngudi BTHU vung DBSH the hien qua mgt so diem cu the sau:

- Thic nhdt, dpi ngQ BTHU vung DBSH la lire lugng lanh dao quan ly

nhung linh vuc trpng yeu ciia Huyen uy; la luc lugng quyei dinh chii dao va tiep nhan chii truong, dudng Idi ciia Dang, chinh sach phap luat ciia Nha nude, thuc hien Nghi quyei ciia Tinh uy lanh dao, chi dao va td chiic thuc hien, bien chil truong, dudng Id'i eiia Dang thanh hien thuc, gdp phin quan trgng vao sir

dn dinh va phat trien chung ciia tinh vi huyen

Ddi ngu BTHU la nhung ngudi quan triet sau sic va true tiep dua chii truong, chinh sach, cac nghi quyei ciia Dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc ciia Dang, cua Ban Chap hanh Trung uong; eae chi thi ciia Ban Bi thu; cac nghi quyet, ehl thi eua Dai hdi dai bieu Dang bd tinh, ciia Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy vao thuc tiln cudc sdng tren dia ban huyen

Ngudi BTHU phai cung vdi Ban Thudng vu Huyen uy Ban Cha'p hanh Dang bd huySn xac dinh diing ddn nhiem vu chinh tri ciia Dang bd huyen

trong nhiem ky Dai hdi; chii tri cac hdi nghi xay dung ke hoach trien khai thuc hien cac nghi quyei ciia Trung uong, tinh, cac chi thi ciia Ban Bi thu, eiia Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy; chii tri, phdi hgp vdi cac co quan khac giai quyei cac diem ndng xay ra tren dia ban huyen Ddng thdi, BTHU la ngudi cd trach nhiem lanh dao, chi dao viec thue hien chii truong, chinh sach chung cd hieu qua; quan triet cac nhiem vu chinh tri thudng xuyen, khdn ca'p, de cung Ban Thudng vu Huyen uy giai quyei mgt each kip thdi cac nhiem vu dat ra

Chinh vi vay, PCLV khoa hgc ciia ddi ngQ BTHU khdng chi lam cho huyen, xa phat trien, ma cdn tao co sd cho sir phat trien chung ciia tinh Chii truong, chinh sach ciia ca'p tren du la diing ddn, nhung nang lire tri tue cua ddi ngQ nay khdng dap ling yeu cau, phdm chai dao diic kem, thi se lam cho qua trinh van dung chii truong, chinh sach thieu sang tao trong dilu kien eu the ciia dia phuong hoac van dung nd meo md, sai lech, khdng tap hgp dugc siic manh cua toan dan, cd hai cho su nghiep each mang

- Thic hai, ddi ngQ BTHU la nhan to quan trgng nhai quyet dinh sir phat

trien ddi sdng kinh te, chinh tri, van hda, xa hdi noi day

On dinh va phat trien la ddi hoi biie xiic ludn dugc dat ra o tat ca cac cip Viec tan dung Igi the, vugt qua nhung khd khan, thach thirc tren dia ban phu thugc rai Idn vao trinh dp nang lire, pham chai dao diic each mang eiia ddi ngu can bd Ddi ngQ BTHU la lire lugng giu vai trd tap hgp siic manh tri tue, siic manh doan kei, biei khoi day long quyet tam, tich cue cua tap the; la ddi ngu tim tdi sang tao, dam lam, dam chiu trach nhiem trudc cap tren va trudc nhu cau, nguyen vgng chinh dang ciia nhan dan, xay dung dudng loi phat trien kinh te - xa hdi phu hgp nhai vdi yeu cau thuc te khach quan eiia dia phuong

La nhung ngudi dl ra bien phap phat trien kinh te, van hda- xa hdi ciia dia phuong, ddi ngQ BTHU can hieu rd mgi dilu kien khach quan, chii quan ciia

dia phuong Tren co sd do, phan tich, tdng hgp cac dilu kien khach quan va

chil quan de dl ra quyet sach phat trien kinh te, chinh tri, van hda, xa hdi cu the va chi dao thuc thi mgt each hieu qua nhai, gdp phan giu gin sir dn dinh an ninh- trat tu va phat trien ddi sdng kinh te- xa hdi ciia dia phuong Ddi ngQ BTHU giu vi tri quan trgng trong viec lanh dao thuc hien dudng Idi CNH, HDH mgt each nang ddng, sang tao phu hgp vdi thue tiln ciia dia phuong

- Thd ba, ddi ngQ BTHU la lire lugng phan anh nhung van dl ciia thuc

tiln dat ra cho Dang va Nha nude

Ddi ngu BTHU la nhung ngudi nit kinh nghiem, tdng kei thue tiln tai dia phuong de ddng gdp y kien vdi cap tinh va cap Trung uong, nhdm hoan thien chii truong, chinh sach, gdp phin day manh CNH, HDH dat nude La nhung ngudi lanh dao viec eu the hoa chii truong, chinh sach ciia Dang tai dia phuong, hg true tiep ddi mat, ehiing kien mgi diln bien ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, ndm rd nhung ddi hdi ciia thuc tiln cQng nhu nhu cau nguyen vpng ciia quin chiing Tren co sd tdng ket thue tiln, hp la nhung ngudi phan anh mpt each diing ddn va kip thdi tinh hinh eiia dia phuong de Dang, Nha nude ed can cir

bd sung chil truong, chinh sach mpt each day du Ndi each khac, hg ddng vai trd la ciu ndi lam cho chii truong, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nude di vao cudc sdng Ddng thdi, lam cho ly luan ludn dugc bd sung phat trien kip thdi, xung dang vai vai trd kim chi nam cho hanh ddng thuc tiln

- Thd tu, ddi ngQ BTHU la nhung ngudi cd nhiem vu lanh dao xay dung

ddi ngu can bd va td ehiic ciia Dang bd huyen BTHU la ngudi cd trach nhiem chu ddng, tich cue ciing vdi Ban Thudng vu Huyen uy Ban Td chiic Huyen

uy, Van phdng Huyen uy xay dung ke hoach, chuan bi ndi dung, chuong trinh hanh ddng ciia Huyen uy, chuan bi cac quyei djnh eua Ban Thudng vu Huyen

uy ve cdng tac td chiic va can bd BTHU la ngudi di dau trong viec ddi mdi ndi dung va hinh thirc sinh hoat ciia ca'p uy, thuc hien tdt nguyen tic "tap trung dan chu", xay dung khdi doan kei, thdng nhai trong Dang bd va nhan

dan huyen, thuc hien tdt viec phe binh va tu phe binh trong can bd, dang vien BTHU la ngudi cd trach nhiem phdi hgp vdi cap tren va cac co quan trong huyen tien hanh cdng tac xay dung ddi ngQ can bd thdng qua cac hoat ddng cu the nhu: xay dung ke hoach dao tao, bdi dudng, luan chuyen can bd; thuc hien quan ly, de bat can bd Nhdm xay dung ddi ngQ can bd dii vl sd lugng, dam bao ve chit lugng, tinh ke thira giua cac the he can bd

- Thiit ndm, ddi ngQ BTHU la tam guong cho can bd, dang vien va quin

chiing nhan dan trong huyen hgc tap, lam theo, bdi hg la nhung ngudi tien phong, guong miu, la cdng bdc ciia dan Quin chiing nhan dan cd tin Dang, hieu Dang va hudng ling cac chii truong, nghi quyei cua Dang va chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nude hay khdng deu thdng qua pham chai, nang luc va uy tin ciia ddi ngu can bd nay Vi vay, hg cd vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi can bd, dang vien va quan chiing nhan dan trong huyen

1.1.3.2 Ddc diem ciia ngudi Bi thu Huyen uy vung dong bdng song Hong

Ddi ngQ BTHU vung DBSH giu mgt vai trd hei sire quan trgng trong khang chien cQng nhu trong cdng cudc day manh CNH, HDH hien nay Hp la

"linh hdn" cua Dang bd huyen, la nhQng ngudi cd nhiem vu dl ra chii truong, chinh sach phat trien kinh te- xa hdi tai dia phuong Ddng thdi, hg cQng la nhung ngudi chii tri, lanh dao viee xay dung ke hoach, chuong trinh hanh ddng ciia Huyen uy, UBND huyen nhdm thuc hien thdng Igi nhiem vu chinh tri cua Dang bd, UBND huyen trong thdi ky ddy manh CNH, HDH dat nude Qua khao sat, chiing tdi tha'y ddi ngQ BTHU viing DBSH cd mgt sd dac diem chung sau day:

- Mgt la, ddi ngQ BTHU la nhung ngudi cd thanh phan gia dinh, va eon

dudng trd thanh BTHU khac nhau

Trong ddi ngQ BTHU vung DBSH, cd sir da dang trong thanh phan xuit

than Cd ngudi xuat than tu' gia dinh ndng dan, cd ngudi tir gia dinh can bd, cdng nhan, tri thiic Vl con dudng trd thanh BTHU, cd ngudi thdng qua viee tham gia luc lugng vQ trang quan dpi, chuyen nganh va trd thanh BTHU; cd ngudi trudng thanh tir can bd ca'p co sd; cd ngudi vdn la can bd eae sd, ban nganh ca'p tinh dugc dilu chuyen vl huyen lam BTHU; cd ngudi trudng thanh tuan tu tir chuyen vien d Huyen uy trd thanh BTHU; cd ngudi dugc thuyen chuyen tir chinh quyIn sang lam BTHU; cd ngudi trd thanh BTHU thdng qua viec tham gia cac td chiic chinh tri- xa hdi nhu Mat tran td qudc, Doan Thanh nien Cdng san, Hdi Lien hiep phu nu

Thanh phan xuat than va nhung eon dudng trd thanh BTHU khac nhau

la net dac trung ciia dpi ngu BTHU d nhilu huyen khac nhau thude vung DBSH Sir da dang nay la mgt thuan Igi, ddng thdi cQng la khd khan trong cdng tac xay dung ddi ngQ BTHU d vung DBSH

- Hai la, trinh do dao tao, nang lire va pham chat dao dire eiia ddi ngQ

BTHU viing DBSH rat phong phii, da dang Trinh do dao tao eiia ddi ngQ vira phong phii vl chuyen nganh, chuyen mdn nghiep vu, vira da dang vl loai hinh dao tao Nang lire cdng tac thuc tiln va pham chai dao dire ciia ddi ngu can bd ludn dugc phan anh qua trach nhiem, hieu qua cdng viec va viee giai quyet cac md'i quan he khdng hoan toan gidng nhau Su da dang nay tao nen nhung khac biet vl PCLV, nang luc cdng tac ciia mdi ddng chi BTHU Do dd, trong cdng tac can bd ddi hdi viec sdp xep, bd nhiem, luan ehuyen va dao tao can bd can phai dugc nghien ciru mgt each ky ludng, nhdm dem lai hieu qua khi sir dung can bd la mgt yeu ciu hit siic quan trgng

- Ba la, ddi ngQ BTHU phong phu vl the he, liia tudi va sir trai nghiem

thuc tiln, hg cd nhung the manh khic nhau

Trong ddi ngQ BTHU do khach quan ciia sir thay the va tiep ndi the he

ma cd su phong phii vl the he, lira tudi va sir trai nghiem thuc tiln Cd ngudi

cd kinh nghiem lam BTHU lau nam, cd ngudi chua timg kinh qua; ed ngudi

tre, cd ngudi cdng tac da lau nam Mdi the he, mdi liia tudi, su trai nghiem khac nhau din tdi kha nang the manh va tilm nang ciia mdi can bd khac nhau Trong timg liia tudi, the he cQng cd sir phan hda da rd rang Dac dilm rang huge trong cdng tac bd tri can bd cin cd su hai hda lam cho quyIn lire dugc duy tri cd su can bdng, dam bao su phat trien ben vung, tranh sir hing hut trong chuyen giao quyIn lire chinh tri

- Bdn la, ddi ngQ BTHU cd tam ly, tinh cam, hoan canh gia dinh va

cudc sdng khdng hoan toan gidng nhau Ngoai nhung net tam ly truyin thdng, phong tuc tap quan, viing, miln, trong ddi ngQ vin cd su khac nhau do su quy dinh cua tinh khdng thuin nhai eua diem xuat phat, liia tudi, trinh do, mdi trudng cdng tie,

Ndm vQng nhung dac diem tren day cua ddi ngQ BTHU la mgt yeu ciu quan trgng trong viee nghien ciiu PCLV eiia ddi ngQ nay

1.2 PHONG CACH L A M VIEC CUA NGU6l Bl THU HUYEN QUAN NIEM VA TIEU CHI DANH GIA

UY-1.2.1 Quan niem ve phong each lam viec cua ngudi Bi thu Huyen uy

1.2.1 Khdi niem ve phong each lam viec eua ngudi Bi thu Huyen uy

De hieu vl PCLV ciia ngudi BTHU, trudc het chung ta cin tim hieu

nhung each tiep can khac nhau vl va'n dl nay

Dudi gdc do tam ly hpc, nhung ngudi nghien ciiu PCLV cho ring, phong each la mgt pham trii thude tinh each con ngudi Phong each the hien thai do cua chii the trong hoat ddng ciia minh, tuy theo tinh chai hoat ddng cdng viec ciia chu thi, thdng qua hanh vi, each thiic, phuong phap bilu hien ra ben ngoai ma ngudi khac ed the biei dugc, cam nhan dugc, nd la tinh ddc dao ciia ca nhan qua each xir ly tinh hudng xay ra trong thuc tiln eiia hp

Hoat ddng lanh dao cua ngudi BTHU la cdng viee dae thii, cd tinh

chuyen nghiep cao, ddi hdi ngudi lanh dao phai ed dii pham chai va nang lire Chinh vi vaty, hoat ddng lanh dao tao nen dac diem tam ly dac thu ciia ngudi lanh dao va PCLV cua hp la mgt trong nhung dac diem dd PCLV phan anh md'i quan he vdi mdi trudng lanh dao, phan anh dilu kien kinh te xa hdi ma ngudi lanh dao dd dang lam viec

Mgt thdi dai cu the, mgt dilu kien kinh te xa hdi cu the, mpt con ngudi

cu the va mgt mdi trudng lanh dao dac thu tao nen net ddc dao trong PCLV cua ngudi BTHU PCLV ed tac ddng true tiep den hieu qua ciia cdng viec; la nhan to ddng vai trd quan trgng trong lanh dao mgt tap the hoat ddng Mgt ngudi BTHU cd thai do, ddng eo lam viec tdt se biet ddng vien, khuyen khich ngudi dudi quyIn hang say lam viec, biei phat huy tdt nhung phat minh, sang kien ciia tap the dl phuc vu Igi ich chung ciia tap the, chdc chdn se tao ra hieu qua cdng viec cao Ngugc lai, neu ngudi BTHU cd ddng co, muc tieu lam viec tdt nhung khdng cd PCLV hieu qua, phii hgp vdi tap thi thi hieu qua cdng viec

se khdng cao

Cac nha Tam ly hgc Lien Xd (cQ) va cac nude Ddng Au da rai thanh cdng trong nhimg cdng trinh nghien ciiu ciia minh vl PCLV Theo A Cubanova, M Rakhmatulina thi phong each la toan bd he thdng nhung phuong phap, thii thuat tiep nhan, phan ung hanh ddng tuong ddi bin vung, dn dinh ciia ca nhan Chiing quy dinh su khac biet ca nhan, giup ca nhan thich nghi vdi mdi trudng sdng (dac biet mdi trudng xa hdi ) thay ddi de tdn tai va phat trien'

Tac gia A.I Panov thi nghien cuu PCLV gdn vdi cac pham chat tam ly cua ca nhan va cac pham chat tam ly dd anh hudng tdi PCLV Theo dng:

"PCLD la su tap hgp cac bien phap dac trung, dn dinh trong viee giai quyei cac va'n dl nay sinh trong cdng tac hang ngay de dat kei qua cdng viec." Ong

' Dan lai tu Ngo Cong Hoan, Mot so van de tdm ly hgc ve giao tiep suphgm Nxb Khoa hpc xa hoi,

HaN6i 1992

dac biet chii y den vai trd ciia ngudi lanh dao sir dung kilu PCLV ciia minh trong viec giai quyet cac cdng viec hang ngay

Philip Genov, nha Tam ly hgc ngudi Bungari coi: " Phong each lam viec

va lanh dao ciia ngudi quan ly la he thdng cac phuong phap, each thirc va phuong tien dugc ngudi quan ly sir dung trong hoat ddng lanh dao eiia minh" Ong cho ring ngudi ta chi nhan biet PCLV cua tirng ca nhan qua nhung bieu hien hoat ddng ciia ca nhan dd qua cai be ngoai la ll Idi, tac phong, each thiie lam viec nhung khd cd the hieu dugc ban chit va ddng co thuc ddy d ben trong Mudn hieu dugc ban chit ciia PCLV ta can phai tim hieu tinh chit cdng viec cua ngudi lanh dao, quan ly thdng qua ddng co, muc tieu va kit qua cdng viec ciia hg

Nha tam ly hgc xd-viei E.A Klimov cho rdng, phong each la he thdng cac da'u hieu hoat ddng dac trung ciia mgt con ngudi cu the, dugc qui dinh bdi dac diem nhan each ca nhan ciia chinh ca nhan dd

Cac tie gia Au - My quan niem PCLV ddng vai trd thiie ddy hoac kim ham qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh Theo hg, ngudi lanh dao can sir dung PCLV phii hgp vdi mdi trudng lanh dao ciia minh

Tim hieu khai niem PCLV dua tren tieu chuan ciia quan ly la sir cam kei va hgp tie, Dominique Chalvin mgt nha tam ly hgc ngudi Phap cho rdng:

"PCLV la kei qua ciia mdi quan he giua ca nhan va sir kien"'

Nghien ciiu ciia R Tannenbaum va H Schmidt vl PCLV va hg da neu

ra dugc cac yeu td anh hudng den PCLV bao gdm: ea tinh nha quan ly; nhung phdm chai thugc vl cip dudi anh hudng den hanh vi ciia ngudi lanh dao; nhung yeu to thugc vl tinh hudng (gia tri, truyin thdng td chirc, siic ep vl thdi gian) Hai tac gia Paul Hersey va Kent Blanc Hard cho ring: "PCLV la miu hanh vi ma ngudi lanh dao the hien khi ed gdng gay anh hudng tdi hoat ddng ciia nhung ngudi khac theo nhan thiie eiia ngudi dd." Hai dng nhan manh den anh

Dominique Chalvin, Cdc phong cdeh qudn ly Nxb Khoa hpc va ky thuat Ha Npi, 1993 tr.l7

hudng ciia miu hanh vi, tie phong eua ngudi lanh dao len ngudi dudi quyIn'

Nhu vay, bdng nhung quan diem khoa hge cua minh, cac nha tam ly hgc phuong Tay da cd ddng gdp rat Idn den viee xay dung cac khai niem, thuat ngii PCLV Tuy nhien, eae nha nghien ciiu Au - My cdn dl cao nhan to chil quan ciia ca nhan ngudi lanh dao, quan ly va coi nd la nhan td quyet dinh hanh vi, tac phong ciia con ngudi ma hg chua lam ndi bat yeu td ben ngoai ciia mdi trudng lanh dao tac ddng manh me den sir hinh thanh va tdn tai cua phong each ngudi lanh dao, quan ly

O Viet Nam, trong nhung nam gin day, do nhu ciu giang day va nghien ciiu d cac trudng dai hge, cac hgc vien, cac doanh nghiep, da ed nhung cdng trinh nghien ciiu vl PCLV, mdi cdng trinh dlu ed hudng tiep can khac nhau,

va mdi tac gia dlu ed each tiep can rieng

Theo Ttr dien tieng Viet thi: "Phong each la nhung Idi, nhung cung each sinh hoat, lam viec, hoat ddng, xir sir tao nen cai rieng ciia mgt ngudi hay ciia mgt loai ngudi nao dd"l

PGS, TS Nguyin Hai Khoat cho ring: "Phong each cdng tie ea nhan khdng phai la ai cQng nhu ai, mdi ngudi cd tinh canh rieng, sd trudng rieng"^ Tuy nhien, mdi ngudi can phai hpc tap phong each Hd Chi Minh, dd la nhung phong each cd nhung dae dilm ndi bat la: khoa hpc, thiet thue, dan chii, quan chiing

Tac gia Trin Dinh trong cdng trinh nghien ciru vl tam ly quan ly khdng dinh: Phong each quan ly trong tam ly hgc quan ly la nhung dac diem ca nhan, dien hinh cua mgt he thdng tuong ddi dn dinh cac phuong phap tac ddng ciia ngudi quan ly den tap the lao ddng do ngudi dd phu trach

' Paul Hersey, Ken Blane Hard, Qudn ly nguon nhdn luc, Nxb Chinh tri quoe gia Ha Npi, 1995, tr.l35

^ Hoang Phe, Tir diin Tiing viet, Nxb Da Nang, Da Ning, 1995, tr 422

' Nguyen Hai Khoat, NhCcng khia canh tdm ly trong cong tdc cdn bo, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia Ha

N6i, 1996, tr 112

Trong cac di san ly luan ciia C Mac, Ph Angghen va V.l Lenin, cac dng cho rdng PCLV gdn liln vdi phdm chat nhan each ciia ngudi can bd each mang O thdi ky C Mac, Ph Angghen tuy chua cd mpt chinh dang vd san nao gianh dugc chinh quyIn, nen van dl can bd trong dilu kien dang cam quyIn chua dugc cac dng ban den nhilu Tuy vay, trong cac hge thuyet ciia minh, cac dng da dl cap den pham chai va nang luc cua ngudi cdng sin Sir nghiep each mang mudn thanh cdng, tai yeu ddi hdi ngudi can bd each mang cd day dil pham chai va nang lire, cd PCLV sau sat va khoa hgc NhQng quan diem ciia C Mac va Ph Angghen vl xay dung CNXH tuong lai, trong dd cd quan diem vl yeu cau xay dung PCLV trong thdi ky mdi la: cin xay dung PCLV khoa hgc, dan chu, tap trung, sau sat ciia can bd ddi vdi quin ehiing nhan dan, ngudi can bd cin phai gin gui dan hon

Khi ban vl quyIn uy ciia ca nhan trong tap the dan chii, ngudi lanh dao thay mat tap the, quyIn lire eiia tap the tap trung thdng qua ngudi lanh dao, quyIn uy la do sir uy nhiem ciia tap the, quyIn uy la'y su phuc tung lam tiln

dl Dilu dd the hien d sir thdng nhai trong nguyen tdc tap the lanh dao, ea nhan phu trach, ca nhan thdng nhai y chi ciia tap thi, nguyen vpng ciia tap the

de ra quyet djnh lanh dao quan ly

Hay ndi each khac, mudn ed PCLV khoa hgc thi ngudi lanh dao phai biet thay mat tap the, dua tren y chi va nguyen vgng ciia tap the de cdng khai,

dan chil ban bac trong tac pham Bdn ve quyen uy Ph.Angghen cho rdng:

"QuyIn uy ndi d day, cd nghia la y chi ciia ngudi khac ma ngudi ta bude chiing ta phai tiep thu, mat khac quyIn uy lay sir phuc tung lam tiln dl"', va dng khdng dinh: "Nhung d day khdng phai la quyIn uy ma chung ta trao cho dai bieu ciia chiing ta, ma la mpt su uy nhiem nao dd thoi" " Nhu vay, d day

C Mac va Ph.Angghen mudn ban vl vai trd ciia ngudi lanh dao lire lugng each

' C Mae va Ph Angghen, Todn tap, tilng Viet, tap 18, Nxb Chinh tri quoe gia Ha Npi, tr 418

^ C Mac va Ph Angghen, Todn tap, tilng Viet, tap 18, Nxb Chinh trj quoe gia Ha Npi, tr 418

mang, ngudi bien tu tudng thanh thuc tiln each mang va van de quyIn uy d

day khdng phai la quyIn uy dpc doan eiia mpt ngudi hay mgt giai ca'p dua ra,

ma la quyIn uy thude vl su uy nhiem ciia tap the ma ca nhan dd diing ra thuc hien y chi, nguyen vgng cua tap the

Sau khi each mang thang Mudi Nga thanh cdng, V.l Lenin da van dung

va phat trien sang tao cac hpc thuyet ciia C Mae va Ph Angghen vao dilu kien xay dung CNXH tren mpt dai nude cd chinh quyIn vl tay nhan dan va do nhan dan lao ddng lam chii Vl vay, quan diem chi dao va ly luan each mang cua V.l Lenin vl can bd lanh dao va cdng tie can bd each mang trong chinh quyIn mdi gianh dugc trd nen vd ciing quan trgng trong thuc tiln each mang cua dai nude

Khi ban ve PCLV ciia ngudi lanh dao trong qua trinh xay dung chinh quyen mdi, Lenin nha'n manh den nguyen tdc tap trung dan chii trong viec sir dung quyIn lire Ngudi ehl rd, can bd lanh dao cd PCLV hieu qua la ngudi tuan thu nguydn tdc tap trung dan chii, sir dung diing quyIn lire eiia minh vao thuc tiln lanh dao, quan ly mdi phat huy dugc hieu qua

Khi ban vl nguyen tic tap trung dan ehu trong Dang, Lenin cho ring: Diu trong trudng hgp nao di chang nua, thi viec tap the lanh dao vin phai di ddi vdi ca nhan phu trach da dugc quy dinh mgt each rd ret cho tung ngudi ddi vdi mgt cdng tac nao dd dugc quy dinh mgt each chinh xac Nhu vay, nguyen tdc tap trung dan chii trong Dang dugc Ngudi nha'n manh va coi nd nhu la mpt ydu ciu va tieu chudn xay dung PCLV, la yeu td cin thiet huge ngudi can bd phai tuan thii trong qua trinh hoat ddng thuc tiln ciia minh

can bd va cdng tac can bd la van de quan trgng ddi vdi viec xay dimg

dudng Id'i ciia Dang, dilu dd dugc thi hien trong eae tac phdm ciia Lenin khi ban vl vai trd ciia can bd ddi vdi su nghiep lanh dao ciia Dang va con dudng xay dung CNXH Tinh then chdt dd xuit phat tir mdi quan he bien chiing giua can bd vdi dudng Idi nhiem vu chinh tri, giua can bd vdi td chirc va vdi phong

trao each mang ciia quin chiing Ngudi ndi: "Trong lich sir chua he cd giai cap nao gianh dugc quyIn thdng tri, neu nd khdng dao tao ra dugc trong hang ngu ciia minh nhung nha lanh dao chinh tri, nhung dai bilu tiln phong cd dii kha nang td chiic va lanh dao phong trio"', Ngudi chi rd: " Nhung ngudi lanh dao khdng dugc tach rdi khdi quan chung bi lanh dao, ddi tien phong khdng dugc tach rdi khdi toan bd quan lao ddng"

Trong sudt qua trinh lanh dao each mang, V.l Lenin ludn coi viee dao tao, bdi dudng can bd la cdng viec quan trgng cua Dang, cdng tac can bd cin chii y den cac khau dao tao, bd tri, bdi dudng va ren luyen can bd trong thuc tiln Ngudi coi tieu chudn hang diu trong xay dung phong each ngudi can bd each mang la: nang lire ehuyen mdn, giac ngd chinh tri, cd kinh nghiem quan

ly, rd rang trong cdng tie, gan gQi, gdn bd vdi cap dudi va cdng viec ciia tap the Lenin cho rdng: " Mudn quan ly thi phai la ngudi thdng thao chuyen mdn, phai biei mgt each day dii va chinh xac tat ea nhung dilu kien eiia san xuit; phai hieu dugc ky thuat ciia nIn san xuat dd d nhung trinh do hien dai ciia nd, phai cd mgt each nhin khoa hgc nhat dinh Dd la nhung dilu kien ma bai luan the nao chung ta cQng phai ed diy dii." va theo Lenin: " Khdng phai bdm sinh ra la ngudi da cd dm^^c nghe thuat quan ly rdi, ma phai trai qua kinh nghiem mdi cd dirgc"^

Nhu vay, Lenin da xay dung hgc thuyei ciia minh tren co sd phat trien sang tao, triet de hgc thuyet ciia C Mac va Ph.Angghen vl mdi quan he bien chirng giua ngudi can bd each mang va quan chiing nhan dan lao dong PCLV that su khoa hpc va cd hieu qua dd la phong each gin bd vdi quin chiing nhan dan, su gdn bd thudng xuyen vdi quan chiing, quan tam den con ngudi, tinh tap the chan chinh va trach nliiem ciia ca nhan ddi vdi cdng viec dugc giao Ngudi lanh dao cd phong each lam viec tdt dd la ngudi di sau, di sat vdi quan

' v.l Lenin, Todn tap, tilng Viet, tap 44, Nxb Tien bp, Mat-co-va, 1974, tr 208

^ V.I Lenin, Todn tap, tilng Viet, tap 36, Nxb Tiln bp, Mat-ca-va, 1974, tr 216