English in article about 2018 would cup on ap news com, june – july, 2018

1. Introduction The World Cup is the globe’s biggest sporting event. Football World Cup is by far the most watched sports competition in the world. Football dominate sports headlines in some of the major countries in the world including almost all European nations like Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain etc. In Asia, Africa, South America, in other country in Southeast Asia, and Vietnam football is more than just a game, it represent dreams and joy for kids. Football is one of the most accessible sport in the world and there is hardly anyone in this world who has not kick a ball at some point in their life. The flagship of Vietnamese fans pack the 30km road from Noi Bai International Airport to downtown Hanoi to greet the U23 team with the caption “The heroes are back”, January 28, 2018, football has great appeal and connectivity. The 2018 World Cup in Russia from June 14 to July 15, 2018. This is the first time that the award has been held in Eastern European countries and also for the first time, held in the former Soviet Union. The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the mens national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. Russia was awarded the tournament of 2018, it defeated a rival bid from England—as well as joint proposals from Belgium and Holland, and Spain and Portugal. There are 32 teams participate in 2018 World Cup divided into 8 groups with 47 games. This is the most anticipated sporting event most important of the year. There are many things to do and many questions that fans of World Cup around the world are interested in such as: Stadiums hosting matches in Russia; Guide to Groups A, B, C, E, F, G, H of the World Cup, how many tickets are sold, how fare is ordered; who’s in and who’s out at the World Cup; World Cup spending, profits set to fall short of record sums, See how World Cup host Russia looked in Soviet times and how it has changed; Which team won the championship in 2018, Value of the world’s most valuable footller, etc.

3. Typical structure of an article on AP news 3

4.3 Stylistic devices in articles about 2018 Would Cup on Apnews 19

5. Relations between parts of articles about 2018

Would Cup on Ap news

22

16 V-ing Present participle

1 Introduction

The World Cup is the globe’s biggest sporting event Football WorldCup is by far the most watched sports competition in the world Footballdominate sports headlines in some of the major countries in the worldincluding almost all European nations like Germany, United Kingdom,France, Spain etc In Asia, Africa, South America, in other country inSoutheast Asia, and Vietnam football is more than just a game, it representdreams and joy for kids Football is one of the most accessible sport in theworld and there is hardly anyone in this world who has not kick a ball at somepoint in their life The flagship of Vietnamese fans pack the 30km road fromNoi Bai International Airport to downtown Hanoi to greet the U23 team withthe caption “The heroes are back”, January 28, 2018, football has great appealand connectivity

The 2018 World Cup in Russia from June 14 to July 15, 2018 This isthe first time that the award has been held in Eastern European countries andalso for the first time, held in the former Soviet Union The 2018 FIFA WorldCup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournamentcontested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFAonce every four years Russia was awarded the tournament of 2018, itdefeated a rival bid from England—as well as joint proposals from Belgiumand Holland, and Spain and Portugal

There are 32 teams participate in 2018 World Cup divided into 8groups with 47 games This is the most anticipated sporting event mostimportant of the year There are many things to do and many questions thatfans of World Cup around the world are interested in such as: Stadiumshosting matches in Russia; Guide to Groups A, B, C, E, F, G, H of the World

at the World Cup; World Cup spending, profits set to fall short of recordsums, See how World Cup host Russia looked in Soviet times and how it haschanged; Which team won the championship in 2018, Value of the world’smost valuable footller, etc.

2 Reasons for choosing the topic

Exploiting foreign press information is an important part of the work ofVietnamese journalists today It is important for them to study English as well

as to understand the press styles of the major news agencies in the world The

AP (often called the "wire service") is the world's oldest and largest newsorganization Have you heard the phrase "the toughest job you'll ever love?"that's work at The Associated Press So, if you understand the press style of

AP you start learning "the toughest job you'll ever love?"

As a student of Academy of Journalism and Communication (AJC),studying style of journalism on the wosld is an important subject in thecurriculum Although it is difficult to study but this is a very useful subject forstudents, which helps them to consolidate English and deepen theirunderstanding of the world's press style

Sports journalists have been facing the race of news, comments,beautiful pictures, fastest and most accurate in many aspects of 2018 WorldCup to bring to the audience, reader, and viewers in the World Thecompetition between the media is as fierce as the competition between theWorld Cup football teams The AP, is an American news agency, the world'slargest such organization The Associated Press (AP) have over 243 officesacross the Globe The AP is one of the largest news sources in the world APprovides news, photos, graphics and radio services to over 1700 newspapersand about 6,000 radio and television stations in the United States In addition,some 8500 media outlets outside the United States also subscribe to AP's

information services The daily readership of the AP is estimated to beapproximately 1 billion.

The AP is one of the largest news agencies in the world It was formed

in 1846 by a group of newspapers that wanted to pool their resources in order

to better cover news from far-flung places like Europe Today the AP is anonprofit cooperative that is collectively owned by the newspapers, TV, andradio stations that use its services Literally thousands of media outletssubscribe to the AP, which operates 243 news bureaus in 97 countriesworldwide So that, I select studing AP’s stylistics and style as topic withtarget item such as: Study of typical structure of an article on AP news,linguistic features of articles about 2018 Would Cup on Ap news, relationsbetween parts of articles about 2018 Would Cup on Ap news, expressionsabout sporting event, and comment

3 Typical structure of an article on Apnews

In general, all the 20 articles on AP have the four main parts: headline,lead, body and ending Besides, they also have subtitle(s), image(s) with orwithout caption, highlighted ideas, etc

3.1 Headlines

Headlines plays an important role in a newspaper Headlines tell thereader what the story is about The Headlines are so important because, ifthey’re written correctly, they invite the reader to move on to the story itself

If they’re dull or vague, they may not It has purposes notics

The Headlines must be accurate, it should present as much information

as possible in the space allowed The more specific, the better The job of aheadline is to emphasize the important points of the news Present tense isusually used to describe past events in headlines because it’s the tense of

non-essential words Headlines use short words and do not editorialize unlessthey’re on the editorial page Therefore, headlines have fewer words, often inbold and large size AP’s headlines also have similar features, purposes asmentioned above The Associated Press Stylebook (AP Style) is often used bynews organizations the AP Style for those in journalism different the APstyle in academics.

In AP Style, only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized inheadlines Follow story style in spelling, but use numerals for all numbers andsingle quotes for quotation marks Exception, US, UK, and UN (no periods)

in all headlines For U.S states in headlines, no periods for those abbreviatedwith two capital letters E.G: NY, NY, NH, NM, NC, SC, ND, SD, and RI.Also DC All other states retain their periods in headlines Capitalize names

of U.S regions, and the other in the World Best reference for foreigngeographic names: “Webster’s New World College Dictionary.”

E.g: Mich., Mont., Conn

E.g: Deals struck in 2011 with Qatar-owned Al Jazeera Sport, now BeIN, andU.S broadcasters Fox and Telemundo reaped a big raise over 2010-2014tournament prices [Art.3]

E.g: Whatever depths Argentina fell to in that final, West Germany had joinedBrazil in becoming a three-time World Cup winner [Art.9]

Writing in AP Style the most important rules you must keep in mind iswrite the title in normal English-language capitalization Never all in caps.Add your byline below the article title Do not format the text in the article(only exceptions are: bullet comments and numbered paragraphs in a sectionthat details a process or sequence) In AP news write the word of theimportant key of the content content

E.g: WORLD CUP: Zinedine Zidane ends his career with a headbutt [ Art.20]

E.g: FIFA’s video ref rooms all set for World Cup test [Art.6]

E.g: The headlines of the following 20 posts collection below

3.2 Leads

The lead is the very first sentence of an article It sums up the story andgrab the readers’ attention Leads also provide the answers for the questionsabout the story: Answer the 5Ws: Who, What, Where, When, Why + thehonorary W: How In writing a

CAP article, you will always know the Ws

The lead sets the stone for the feature story There are many ways tobegin a feature story: descriptive lead, narrative lead, summary lead,comparison Iead, shocking statement lead, suspense lead, literary lead, directaddress lead, quote lead, question lead, direct lead, delayed lead [2,53] Agood lead is enticing It beckons It promises the reader their time will bewell-spent and sets the tone and direction of the piece All great content startswith a great lead1

In the trusty inverted-pyramid technique of AP news All most theleads of AP news leads sums up the situation succinctly, giving the reader themost important facts first

E.g: There has never been a final act in soccer quite like Zinedine Zidane’sheadbutt [Art 20]

E.g: In 1990, months after the Berlin Wall came crashing down, WestGermany won its third World Cup and Franz Beckenbauer became the firstperson to win as captain and coach [Art.19]

3.3 Bodies

The body of an article develops from its lead and give the readers more

1 How to Write a Lead: 10 Dos, 10 Don’ts, 10 Good Examples

Megan KrauseMegan Krause | July 6, 2018

https://www.clearvoice.com/blog/the-dos-donts-of-writing-a-clear information about the story The body contains several short paragraphs.Use the inverted pyramid technique structure, where all the good stuff at thetop, the heart of the news is on the first few paragraphs Less important detailsare introduced as the story continues Articles on AP also follow thisstructure.

The bodies of an article tell your readers what your story is all about onyour first paragraph Anticipate all their questions and strive to answer them.Telling your readers what your story is all about on your first paragraphanticipate all their questions and strive to answer them You need to makesure that these people will get a clear picture of your topic even if they choosenot to read the rest of your article

Comments:

AP style is simply a standardized way of writing everything from dates

to street addresses to job titles AP style was developed and is maintained byThe Associated Press, the world’s oldest news service

To express opinion, use one or more quotes of qualified sources –always get the quoted person’s permission to include the quote, unless it is amatter of record (printed article or recorded audio-visual)

Never self-quote

Express no personal opinion

When a young person is a CAP cadet, never use “boy,” “girl” or

“child” but identify each one by grade, full name (or last name only – neverfirst name only), and unit of assignment

Never use “their” for the possessive of a singular subject, such as, “thecadet took their meal.”

Never refer to a young person as “kid.”

Percentages are always expressed as numerals, followed by the word

“percent.”

Write the article in the third person singular.

Identify all persons by grade or title, name, job title if material, andorganization

Dollar amounts are always expressed as numerals, and the “$” sign is used.E.g: FIFA said that a review of its club, youth and women’scompetitions would report to the next council meeting, on March 15-16 inBogota, Colombia [Art.2]

E.g: However, Russia’s now emerging from a recession caused bysanctions and low oil prices, and the International Monetary Fund predictsgrowth is of just 1.7 percent this year [Art.7]

E.g: FIFA said Friday that each of the 32 competing nationalfederations in Russia will get at least $8 million, the same as in 2014 whenthe overall prize fund was $358 million [Art.2]

Do not indent the first line of a paragraph use AP style rules forpunctuation Single space the article At the end of each paragraph, executetwo end-of lines (Enter key) Do not introduce artificial paragraphing byhitting the enter key at the end of each line in article

3.4 Endings

Ending is normally last few paragraph of an article Just as a featurestory can be opened in many ways, there are also several ways to conclude it:summary ending, proximity ending, restatement ending, word play ending,quote ending, surprise ending, etc

Conclusions to news articles are important because they wrap up thestory and comfortably tell the reader that they've reached the end There areseveral ways to conclude: reiterate the main point, summarize succinctly,answer potential questions, send readers elsewhere, issue a challenge, point to

quote, present a solution, suggest further reading, suggest an action, point togreat things, get rhetorical,consider the larger context, Switch gears2 APnews endings also folIow these rules.

E.g: Two regional government officials and an engineering companyexecutive have been arrested on suspicion of corruption involving thestadium [Art.17]

4 Linguistic features of articles about 2018 Would Cup on AP news 4.1 Linguistic features of articles about 2018 Would Cup on AP news

4.1.1 Headlines in articles about 2018 Would Cup on AP news

In this section, with references as all articles on AP news, more detailsabout headlines, leads and endings will be analyzed

Headlines in English often use a set of grammatical rules known as

“headlinese”, it sum up the news in the story it serves in specific, clearly,legible form that can make the reader skip the story These all headlines on

AP news have followed the rules, and, can be classified into many forms,which will be discussed below

4.1.2 Structure of headlines

Normally, headlines of article can be expressed by a strong verb News

is activity and a verb represents action Therefore, based on verbs, headlinescan be divided:

Headlines with infinitives: Headlines often use infinitives to refer to thefuture:

Headlines with verb in passive form: Above all, the active voice ispreferrable than passive voice However, sometimes passive can be used

2 ALLENA TAPIA Updated May 11, 2018,17 Ways to Write a Conclusion for an Article,

https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-to-write-a-conclusion-news-article-magazine-and-more-1360734

(often with an omission of auxiliary ‘to be’) voice is preferrable than passivevoice However, sometimes passive can be used (often with an omission ofauxiliary ‘to be’)

Headlines in simple tenses: In headlines, simple tenses are often usedinstead of progressive or perfect forms The simple present is used for bothpresent and past events The simple future is, normally, used for future events:E.g: WORLD CUP: Brazil humiliated by Germany at home in 2014 [Art 17](simple past tense)

E.g: WORLD CUP: Beckenbauer wins World Cup as player and coach[Art 19] (simple present tense)

E.g: WORLD CUP: Zinedine Zidane ends his career with a headbutt[Art 20] (simple present tense)

Headlines with verb in active form: If the verb is the secret of the activeheadline, it should be the most active verb which fits the facts If the verb isweak, the headline is weak

E.g: FIFA to give 2018 World Cup champion $38M from $400Mfund [Art.2 ]

E.g: World Cup spending, profits set to fall short of record sums [Art.3 ]E.g: Russian women push back at shaming over World Cup dating [Art.4]Headlines in form of a question: Sometimes, the reporters want to raisethe curiosity of the readers’ so they use a question with a question mark as aheadline

E.g: Who’s in and who’s out at the World Cup? [Art.1 ]

Headlines in form of a noun phrase: Headlines are not always completesentences Many headlines consist of noun phrases with no verb

E.g: FIFA’s video ref rooms all set for World Cup test [Art.6 ]

Headlines in form of a quotation: Quote can be used as headlines in 2ways: direct and indirect quotation These headlines can be identified based

on the quotation marks, to show whether a word is said by someone or beingused outside its normal meaning

E.g: Chinese Companies the Real Winners at the World Cup SaysEuromonitor [Art.10 ]

4.1.3 Omission

Headlines are short and headlines in English language can be verydifficult to understand Sometimes, writers will omit the auxiliary or thearticle in order to make a heading fit

- Auxiliary/ to be omission: Auxiliary verbs are usually droppeđ frompassive structures, leaving past participles:

E.g: Sexism tops racism as a World Cup fan problem in Russia [Art.9](Sexism has been a bigger problem than racism at the World Cup

in Russia)

- Article omission:

Headlines often Ieave out articles:

E.g: World Cup spending, profits set to fall short of record sums [Art 3](2018 World Cup in Russia spending billions of dollars to stage andwill make FIFA hundreds of millions in profit, profits set to fall short ofrecord sums)

4.1.4 Headlines interpreting

In this section, the author will analyze and interpret the meanings ofeach headlines as they follow complex grammatical rules

Article Headline Full form of the headline

1 Who’s in and who’s out at the

World Cup Who’s in at the World Cup andwho’s out at the World Cup

2 FIFA to give 2018 World Cup

champion $38M from $400Mfund

International Federation ofAssociation Football to giveThe 2018 World Cupchampion in Russia $38Mfrom $400M in profit

3 World Cup spending, profits

set to fall short of record sums 2018 World Cup in Russiaspending billions of dollars to

stage and will make FIFAhundreds of millions in profit,profits set to fall short ofrecord sums

4 Russian women push back at

shaming over World Cupdating

Russian women push back atshaming (hundreds ofthousands of foreign men haveflooded into Russia for themonthlong World Cup) andthen a lot of the widespread,argumentative about Russianwomen over World Cup dating

5 2018 WORLD CUP: Guide to

Group B of the World Cup 2018 WORLD CUP: Guide toGroup B of the World Cup

6 FIFA’s video ref rooms all set

for World Cup test International Federation ofAssociation Football tets all of

video ref rooms set for 2018World Cup

7 Putin’s World Cup a prestige

boost for sanctions-hit host 2018 World Cup could furtherboost Putin’s prestige in the eyes

of a Russian audience, Putinneeded the World Cup mainly

sanctions-hit host o USA andEU

8 Loophole exposed to get

easier entry to World Cup in

Russia

The official supporters’ inEngland has uncovered thegap in the system that allowspeople to travel to Russiawithout a match ticket This isthe loophole for England to geteasier entry to World Cup inRussia

9 Sexism tops racism as a

World Cup fan problem in

Russia

Sexism has been a biggerproblem than racism at theWorld Cup in Russia

10 Chinese Companies the Real

Winners at the World Cup

Says Euromonitor

Chinese Companies the RealWinners at the 2018 WorldCup and they Say Euromonitor

11 Colombian FIFA Council

member probed over ticket

resales

Colombian FIFA Councilmember probed over 2018World Cup ticket resales

12 Mbappe, Modric on 10-man

list for FIFA best player

award

Mbappe and Modric on man list for FIFA best playeraward of 2018 World Cup

10-13 Germany lacked ‘greed’ to

defend WC; France to heed

lessons

Germany lacked ‘greed’ todefend World Cup; France toheed lessons

14 THEN AND NOW: See how

World Cup host Russia looked

in Soviet times and how it has

15 AP PHOTOS: Daily life in

Russia during the World Cup AP PHOTOS: Daily life inRussia during the World Cup

16 Croatia soccer leaders deny

WCup final ticket scalpingclaim

Croatia soccer leaders werenot involved in suspectedscalping of World Cup finaltickets

17 2018 WORLD CUP: Guide to

the 12 stadiums and theirmatches

2018 WORLD CUP: Guide tothe 12 stadiums in Russia’sWorld Cup stadiums and theirmatches

18 WORLD CUP: Brazil

humiliated by Germany athome in 2014

WORLD CUP: Brazilhumiliated by Germany athome in World Cup 2014

19 WORLD CUP: Beckenbauer

wins World Cup as player andcoach

WORLD CUP: Beckenbauerwins World Cup as the playerand the coach

20 WORLD CUP: Zinedine

Zidane ends his career with aheadbutt

WORLD CUP: ZinedineZidane ends his career with aheadbutt in World Cup 2018

 Headlines of articles about 2018 Would Cup on AP news mainlyfollow the headlinese The verbs are usually in active and simple tense Thejournalist also omit the auxiliary and article in order to shorten and remain themeaning at the same time Also, question headiine and quotation headline areused to grab the readers’ attention and attitude toward the articles In 20articles was selected no one use headline with infinitives and headlines withverb in passive form

4.1.5 Leads in articles about 2018 Would Cup on AP news

A lead is the opening paragraph of an article Jourmalistic leads

include brief answers to the questions of who, what, why, when, where, andhow the key event in the story took place The lead sets the tone for thefeature story There are many ways to begin a feature story However, in thissection, kinds of lead are mainly focused on: direct and delayed lead, whichrespectively demonstrate breaking news and soft news, there are somecommon types of lead such as:

Summary lead: is used for an in-depth or news-oriented story It tellsthe reader immediately what the story is about by answering 5 WHs and 1H,then goes into detail, using quotations and description to complete the stor

Descriptive lead: detailed and vivid, poin a clear picture of a scene,event, etc

Comparison lead: points out the opposites or similarities in a situation

to familiarize the reader with its uniqueness

Quote lead: begins with an exact quotation, but it should be usedonly when what is said is so striking that it compels the reader to go furtherinto the story

The 20 leads in the articles can be classified into:

1 Who’s in, who’s out and

possible scenarios at the WorldCup

Direct lead/ Summary lead

2 KOLKATA, India (AP) —

The 2018 World Cupchampion will get $38 millionfrom a prize fund FIFA hasincreased by 12 percent to

$400 million

Direct lead/ Summary lead/Comparison lead

3

15 MOSCOW (AP) — Visitors to

the World Cup have

experienced the beauty and

geographic diversity of Russia

amid warm temperatures and

nearly endless daylight

Direct lead/ Descriptive lead

16 ZAGREB, Croatia (AP) —

Croatia’s soccer federation

says its leaders were not

involved in suspected scalping

of World Cup final tickets

Direct lead/ Summary lead

17 MOSCOW (AP) — Cost rises,

worker deaths, and corruption

have marred the building of

Russia’s World Cup stadiums

Direct lead/ Descriptive lead

18 Getting what you wish for

doesn’t always work out well

Direct lead/ Quotation lead

19 In 1990, months after the

Berlin Wall came crashingdown, West Germany won itsthird World Cup and FranzBeckenbauer became the firstperson to win as captain andcoach

Direct lead/ Descriptive lead

20 There has never been a final

act in soccer quite likeZinedine Zidane’s headbutt Direct lead/ Summary lead

4.1.6 Endings in articles about 2018 Would Cup on Apnews

4.2 Lexical features of articles about 2018 Would Cup on Apnews

In many compound nouns, the first word describes or modifies thesecond word, giving us insight into what kind of thing an item is, or providing

us with clues about the item’s purpose The second word usually identifies theitem Here are some examples of compound nouns íhat the author have found

No Compound Adjective Structure Free phrase

The body contains a lot of paragraphs which illustrate the information

of the event AP news sse the inverted pyramid technique This is one writingtechnique, that must always utilize when writing news stories Presenting allthe good stuff at the top Tell your readers what your story is all about on yourfirst paragraph Anticipate all their questions and strive to answer them Therule here is that you need to make sure that these people will get a clearpicture of your topic even if they choose not to read the rest of your article

The AP Stylebook is also an excellent reference work It includes depth sections on libel law, business writing, sports, crime, and firearms – alltopics that any good reporter should have a grasp of

in-Indeed, walk into any newsroom, anywhere in the country and you’relikely to find an AP Stylebook on every desk It’s the Bible of printjournalism

8 References

Materials in English

1 Allena Tapia (2018), 17 Ways to Write a Conclusion for an Article,Updated May 11, 2018,https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-to-write-a-conclusion-news-article-magazine-and-more-1360734

2 A.S.Homby, 2010, Oxíord Advanced Leamer’s Dictionary, OxfordUniversity Press

Stylebook Kindle Edition, Press-Stylebook-2018-ebook/dp/B07DJBHCKP

https://www.amazon.com/Associated-4 AP Style Headlines, headlines

https://www.lssc.edu/faculty/heather_j_elmatti/Shared

%20Documents/MMC%202100/AP%20Style%20Guide.pdf

6 Nguyen Thanh Huong, 2009, English Nevvspaper Style

7 Nguyen Thanh Huong, 2015, Stylistics

8 Tony Rogers, The Basics of Associated Press Style An ImportantPart of Newswriting and Copyediting, Updated September 03, 2018.https://www.thoughtco.com/here-are-the-basics-of-associated-press-style-2074308

9 Tony Rogers, Working at the Associated Press, Updated May 31,

2017 2073633

https://www.thoughtco.com/working-at-the-associated-press-10 http://arwingcap.org/sites/default/files/ar001/Dept-PA/AP%20Style

%20in%20a%20Nutshell.pdf

11 most-popular-sport.jpg

https://cdn.totalsportek.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Football-12 cup-2018-the-money-behind-the-biggest-event-in-sports/

https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2018/06/14/world-#537490866973

13 Richard Perez-penajuly (2009), A.P Cracks Down on Unpaid Use of

14 Megan Krause (2018), How to Write a Lead: 10 Dos, 10 Don’ts, 10Good Examples, July 6, 2018 https://www.clearvoice.com/blog/the-dos-donts-of-writing-a-good-lead-according-to-dear-megan/

Articles for illustration:

1 Who’s in and who’s out at the World Cup

11 Colombian FIFA Council member probed over ticket resales, Jul 31,2018

Link:

https://www.apnews.com/e51dfd17894e47bda36752da49760833/Colombian-FIFA-Council-member-probed-over-ticket-resales

12 Mbappe, Modric on 10-man list for FIFA best player award

By Graham Dunbar, Jul 24, 2018

Link:

https://www.apnews.com/728afe0dc654436a99c8491a56d7dc7a/Mbappe,-Modric-on-10-man-list-for-FIFA-best-player-award

13 Germany lacked ‘greed’ to defend WC; France to heed lessons

By Rob Harris

Link:

https://www.apnews.com/130489e1ee274304912f2e700d2add52/Germany-lacked-'greed'-to-defend-WC;-France-to-heed-lessons

14 THEN AND NOW: See how World Cup host Russia looked inSoviet times and how it has changed, By John Leicester, Jul 08,

Link: AND-NOW:-See-how-World-Cup-host-Russia-looked-in-Soviet-times-and-how-it-has-changed

https://www.apnews.com/afs:Content:2096020051/THEN-15 AP PHOTOS: Daily life in Russia during the World Cup, Jul 09,2018

https://apnews.com/18c2d9165cc141f39d574ce5ae576987/Croatia-17 2018 WORLD CUP: Guide to the 12 stadiums and their matches

By James Ellingworth

Link:

https://www.apnews.com/758a893b4edb4dcfa43fada4a8af26ad/2018-

18 WORLD CUP: Brazil humiliated by Germany at home in 2014

By Pan Pylas, Jun 13, 2018

Link:

CUP:-Brazil-humiliated-by-Germany-at-home-in-2014

https://apnews.com/8edde4c5f24c496088a03a9cb063574e/WORLD-19 WORLD CUP: Beckenbauer wins World Cup as player and coach

By Pan PylaS, Jun 11, 2018

Link:

https://apnews.com/ea7b12c25c91476cbf0a3c6dd5983f8a/WORLD-20 WORLD CUP: Zinedine Zidane ends his career with a headbutt

By Pan Pylas, Jun 04, 2018

Link:

https://apnews.com/8603861d5800461683571c6bf61ac21e/WORLD-CUP:-Zinedine-Zidane-ends-his-career-with-a-headbutt

9 Appendix

1) Source:

https://www.apnews.com/03111c8c3b6f4404b82e080203cefa15

Jun 24, 2018

Who’s in and who’s out at the World Cup

MOSCOW (AP) — Who’s in, who’s out and possible scenarios at theWorld Cup:

GROUP A

Russia and Uruguay have clinched berths in the round of 16 and playeach other Monday to determine who wins the group Egypt and Saudi Arabiahave been eliminated

GROUP B

Morocco has been eliminated, leaving Portugal and Spain (four pointseach) and Iran (three) to compete for two spots Spain plays Morocco onMonday, when Portugal meets Iran

GROUP C

France has advanced and leads with six points Denmark is second withfour after a 1-1 draw against Australia, which has one point Peru has beeneliminated Denmark plays France on Tuesday, when Australia takes on Peru.

GROUP D

Croatia has secured a trip to the second round and tops the group withsix points Nigeria (three points) will advance with a win over Argentina (onepoint) on Tuesday, when Iceland plays Croatia But Iceland (one point) or thelast-place Argentines could survive with a win and a Nigeria loss or tie,depending on goal difference

GROUP E

Brazil and Switzerland have four points apiece, Serbia has three, andany of them could grab one of the group’s two spots in the knockout stage.Serbia meets Brazil on Wednesday, likely needing a win Switzerland playsCosta Rica at the same time Costa Rica has been eliminated

Bryan Oviedo of Costa Rica contests ball with Douglas Costa of Brazil

GROUP F

Mexico leads with six points but isn’t safe yet If defendingchampion Germany defeats South Korea on Wednesday and Swedensimultaneously tops Mexico, three teams would finish with six points,sending it to tiebreakers that start with the best goal differential If Mexicoand South Korea win, Mexico would win the group and the other three

GROUP G

Belgium and England moved to the second round emphatically —Belgium with a 5-2 drubbing of Tunisia and England with a 6-1 thrashing ofPanama They play each other on Thursday to determine who wins the group.Tunisia and Panama have been eliminated

England fans cheer

GROUP H

Japan and Senegal lead the group with four points apiece after their 2-2draw on Sunday Colombia beat Poland 3-0 to keep it in the running for a spot

in the knockout round Poland was eliminated

Colombia’s Radamel Falcao, left, and Poland’s Michal Pazdan battle for the ball

2) Source: https://apnews.com/705e53133350423d8a8c57737166120c

FIFA to give 2018 World Cup champion $38M from $400M fund

KOLKATA, India (AP) — The 2018 World Cup champion will get

$38 million from a prize fund FIFA has increased by 12 percent to $400million

FIFA said Friday that each of the 32 competing national federations inRussia will get at least $8 million, the same as in 2014 when the overall prizefund was $358 million

Three years ago, World Cup champion Germany received $35 millionand runner-up Argentina got $25 million Next year, the runner-up will alsoget a $3 million increase to $28 million

Following a meeting of the FIFA Council, the governing body said thethird- and fourth-place teams will each get a $2 million increase to $24million and $22 million, respectively The quarterfinalists will each get $16million, also a $2 million increase, and teams eliminated in the last 16 get a

$3 million increase to $12 million

The prize fund comes from World Cup revenues that FIFA hasprojected to exceed $5 billion despite stalled sales of sponsorships amid Swissand American corruption investigations

“Today the doors are open, the revenues come in and the revenues willexceed the budget certainly,” FIFA President Gianni Infantino said

Teams will also get $1.5 million from FIFA toward the costs ofpreparing for the tournament That amount was the same in 2014

FIFA also moved to unblock a $100 million fund from 2014 World

from corruption investigations.

FIFA promised the money in 2014 for “women’s and grassrootsfootball, healthcare and social programs for underprivileged communities” inBrazil

The fund was agreed to with Brazilian soccer leaders Jose Maria Marinand Marco Polo del Nero, who have both been indicted by the U.S.Department of Justice in a sprawling bribery and racketeering case Marin’strial begins in Brooklyn federal court next month, and Del Nero has remained

in Brazil to evade arrest while still president of the national soccer body

Infantino said Friday a new entity would run the fund, and projectsshould start to benefit the country by early next year

Also, FIFA has ended a years-long attempt to bring soccer peacebetween the Israeli and Palestinian federations

The talks, begun by Infantino predecessor Sepp Blatter, tried to resolvethe issue of teams from Israeli settlements on disputed land playing in Israelicompetitions in apparent breach of FIFA statutes

“We see there where our limits unfortunately are,” Infantino said,noting disputes in the region date back “10,000 years.”

“Football is not going to solve them either, I am afraid,” Infantino said.Council members decided that “interference by FIFA in the (soccer)status quo in these territories could have an aggravating effect on thecurrent circumstances.”

In other decisions Friday:

— FIFA has made world champions of dozens of European and SouthAmerican clubs The council agreed to recognize winners of theIntercontinental Cup, played for from 1960-2004 between the European Cupand Copa Libertadores champions However, in some years a runner-up

represented its continent after the champion declined an invitation.

The Intercontinental Cup was formally replaced in 2005 by the ClubWorld Cup for all continental champions That competition’s future is underreview beyond the 2018 edition in Abu Dhabi

— FIFA said that a review of its club, youth and women’s competitionswould report to the next council meeting, on March 15-16 in Bogota,Colombia

Infantino hinted that an expanded Club World Cup is one option toreplace the Confederations Cup, which is next due to be played in 2021

“We would have to look at abolishing some competitions in order toadd another one,” Infantino said

— Olympic team rosters could be larger at the 2020 Tokyo Games.Infantino said a squad of 18 players was too small for several games in atournament running less than three weeks

Russia’s official budget of 678 billion rubles ($11.6 billion) spent onprojects for the tournament is less than the estimated $15 billion spent byBrazil on the 2014 World Cup.

The budget to meet President Vladimir Putin’s pledge to showcase awarmer, more open Russia excludes some transport projects the tournamentrelies on It also looks a bargain compared to the $51 billion bill for the 2014Winter Olympics that extended from Sochi into nearby mountains

FIFA will top $6 billion for the four-year commercial cycle tied to thisWorld Cup, beating its $5.656 billion target The marquee tournament isoverwhelmingly the main source of FIFA income

That target, however, was conservative compared to $5.72 billion ofoverall income booked by FIFA in the Brazilian World Cup period

Sponsors have been harder to sign since the May 2015 revelation ofAmerican and Swiss federal investigations of bribery rocked FIFA anddozens of international soccer leaders

Here’s a look at some of the financial numbers:

Oil prices started a surge beyond $100 per barrel, fueling Russia for itsOlympic and World Cup hosting

By May 2015, oil prices had slumped Russian banks and businessmenwere hit by international sanctions following the previous year’s annexation

of Crimea and the ruble value fell.

FIFA’s attempts to sell two-tournament sponsorship packages with the

2022 World Cup in Qatar stalled

“It is complicated, especially in a market where (potential partners) seesome crisis around,” said Philippe Le Floc’h, the FIFA marketing directorwho inherited tough sales conditions in late-2016

2018 SALES

The World Cup kicks off with two major gaps in FIFA’s sponsorship plan.FIFA wanted a total of 14 deals in its top-tier “Partner” category —including long-term backers Adidas and Coca-Cola — and second-tier

“Sponsor” category There are just 12

Companies from the United States, Japan, Germany and Britain did notrenew after the 2014 World Cup Logical replacements, Russian energy giantGazprom and Qatar Airways, were joined by four Chinese in the 12-sponsorlineup

FIFA’s previous leadership revamped the third-tier program for 20backers — four from each of five global regions — to increase revenue It didnot work

The total by the end of May was: Four Russian deals, three with controlled firms; a single Chinese sponsor; none from the Americas or Africaand the Middle East The overall 34-sponsor program found 17 buyers

state-However, the booming broadcast rights market has cushioned FIFA’sfinances

Deals struck in 2011 with Qatar-owned Al Jazeera Sport, now BeIN,and U.S broadcasters Fox and Telemundo reaped a big raise over 2010-2014tournament prices

FIFA did lose about $100 million of expected income when Italy was

Ticket sales are below the 3 million mark achieved in South Africa andBrazil Scaled-back 35,000-capacity stadiums in Yekaterinburg andKaliningrad are small by modern World Cup standards.

BOTTOM LINE

FIFA long predicted a $100 million surplus for a 2015-18 period ofspiraling legal costs offset by cost-cutting under CEO-like secretary generalFatma Samoura

The financial report in March predicted end-of-year reserves climbingback to $1.8 billion It was $1.523 billion in 2014

FIFA has budgeted spending $791 million on teams and players — forprize money, club compensation, insurance for players injured on national-team duty, and preparation costs for 32 squads

Clubs providing players will share $209 million from FIFA A dailyrate of $8,530 for the official involvement of 736 players is shared amongeach club they were registered with in the two previous years

THE NEXT FOUR YEARS

FIFA President Gianni Infantino has made cash promises throughDecember 2022, when the Qatar tournament ends

FIFA’s 211 member federations get 20 percent more, lifting theirannual grant to $1.5 million Continental governing bodies like UEFA get thesame raise, to $12 million annually

The 2022 prize fund goes up 10 percent to $440 million However, thatsum was agreed for a 32-team tournament, and it could yet be for 48.

FIFA’s conservative long-term budget projects $6.56 billion incomeand $6.46 billion spending in 2019-22

Smaller stadiums in Qatar means income from ticket and corporatehospitality sales should drop

World Cup broadcasting rights are ever-more important, providing half

of all revenue in the next four years, FIFA said in March

4) https://apnews.com/716d4bdd8c49474e9feca58645f258c3

Russian women push back at shaming over World Cup dating

By: Francesca Ebel, Russian women push back at shaming over WorldCup dating, Jul 15, 2018

MOSCOW (AP) — Hundreds of thousands of foreign men haveflooded into Russia for the monthlong World Cup, setting off a fierce debate

in the host nation about the roles and rights of women

Russian women who have dated the soccer fans have been shamed bysome Russian commentators, denounced for allegedly undermining thecountry’s morals and gene pool

The widespread, vehement criticism has shown the dominance ofpatriarchal and sexist views in Russia, where the concept of gender equality is

Still, the reaction against Russian women’s World Cup dalliances hasbeen so strong that some feminists in Russia think it could actually advancetheir cause by shocking even conservative women who wouldn’t identifythemselves as feminists.

“Even those women (are saying) ’Enough is enough, you’ve gone toofar!” feminist writer Snezhana Gribatskaya said

A 27-year-old Moscow beautician named Mariam was one of thosewho fell for a foreign visitor, a Mexican soccer fan named Omar who askedher for directions to Red Square

“He was so kind and respectful to me,” she said “It’s because of thisthat I fell in love with him.”

She did not give her last name because she said the romance was apersonal matter

Yet to many Russians, her actions seem disgraceful

“This is an era of sluts!” wrote Platon Besedin, a columnist for theMoskovsky Komsomolets newspaper “Russian women are bringing shame tothemselves and their country.”

A popular forum on the VKontakte social media service has postedhundreds of videos of Russian women dancing and kissing foreign soccerfans, prompting vehement condemnations of those alleged to be “ruining thecountry’s gene pool.”

In the first week of the global soccer tournament, Russian lawmakerTamara Pletnyova warned Russian women against becoming romanticallyinvolved with foreigners, lest they should end up raising their childrenalone She added it was even more of a problem if the men were from adifferent race

The next day, her colleague Mikhail Degtyaryov stepped forward to do