MINISTRY OF TRAINING MINISTRY OF AND EDUCATION HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NGUYEN THI THANH THAO STATE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN HOUSING IN VIET NAM Specialization Public Manageme[.]
Trang 1MINISTRY OF TRAINING MINISTRY OF AND EDUCATION HOME AFFAIRS
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
NGUYEN THI THANH THAO
STATE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN HOUSING
IN VIET NAM
Specialization: Public Management
Code: 9 34 04 03
SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION
HA NOI, 2023
Trang 2The doctoral dissertation was completed at:
National Academy of Public Administration
Supervisors: 1 Prof.Dr Dinh Van Tien
Venue: Room for Doctoral Dissertation Defense……,
National Academy of Public Administration
77, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da, Ha Noi
Time: At: On: (day) (month), 2023
The doctoral dissertation can be found at:
- National Library of Vietnam;
- Library of the National Academy of Public Administration
Trang 3INTRODUCTION
1 The necessity of the topic
Urban housing is an important material condition for urban economic development and urban labor reproduction It affects social activities and relations in the urban areas The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in 1966 recognized that “the right to adequate housing” was one of the basic human rights Countries in the world recognized this right in their Constitutions and affirmed the State shall ensure that everyone had affordable housing
In the context of the rapid growth of the urban areas, more and more people move to the urban areas Migration results in an increase in population in the urban areas and greater demand for housing Difficulty in finding housing may make households homeless and the urban areas face unstable development Stability and sustainable development of the urban areas requires government interventions to ensure that everyone has a place
to live in the urban areas Viet Nam has rapid urbanization (the urbanization rate increased rapidly from 19.6% to around 39.3% in 2020,
to 40.4% in 2021; expected to reach 45% by 2025 and 50% by 2030) The population density in big cities is increasing (in 2020, the population of the country was 97.58 million people, of which urban population was 35.93 million, accounting for 36.82% of the total population, increased by 6% compared to that in 2010); therefore, the demand for housing in the urban areas is continuously increasing
The Communist Party of Viet Nam and the State have paid attention to people's housing Many schemes and policies related to housing were adopted to promote housing development and take care of people's housing The Constitution (2013) stated consistently: “Everyone enjoys the right to have a legal domicile The State shall exercise a policy of housing development and create conditions so that everyone shall have housing” The national strategy for housing development for the period of
Trang 42021 - 2030, with a vision to 2045 presented the view: “Having an adequate and safe domicile is one of the basic rights and a necessary condition for comprehensive human development… Housing development
is the responsibility of the State, society, and the people It is one of the important contents of the socio-economic development policies ensuring social security and urban development towards civilization and modernity…”
Urban housing tends to expand and grow in both quantity and quality However, housing problems still exist such as a lack of housing (According
to the Ministry of Construction, around a third of residents in big cities such as Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City faced housing difficulties and 90%
of people aged 18-35 had no home According to the 2019 Population and Housing Census, 1,244 households did not have houses to live in and nearly 195,000 households were living in simple houses) Houses in many areas were of poor quality Unauthorized, illegal housing construction and encroachment on government land still took place The current state management of urban housing has many shortcomings and low effectiveness Government intervention is required to manage and control urban housing development
Housing is attached to the residential land which is stipulated by the Constitution as the public territory of the country It is an organic relationship between housing and the residential land in the master urban planning State management is needed and the state must regulate housing
at a macro level
State management of urban housing directs and regulates urban housing development, solves housing issues and meets housing needs, and ensures the stability and sustainability of the housing market
Currently, the theories of state management of urban housing in our country have not been fully developed; there is a lack of theories on institutions, organizational apparatus, people, and financial norms in the state management of urban housing In response to the lack of these
Trang 5theoretical issues, it is necessary to develop a theory for state management
of urban housing in Viet Nam
Housing in general and urban housing in particular have been studied in
a number of domestic and overseas research works However, these studies did not focus on the state management of urban housing and failed to clarify the content and influencing factors as well as assess thoroughly the current situation of state management of urban housing and propose solutions to improve the state management of urban housing nationwide Based on the above-mentioned reasoning, the doctoral candidate chose the topic "State management of urban housing in Viet Nam" for research in the doctoral dissertation in Public Management
2 Research purpose and tasks
2.1 Research purpose: To build a complete theoretical system for the
state management of urban housing; to assess the current situation of the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam and propose solutions to complete the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam
- Based on the assessment of the current situation, to forecast demand for housing and provide guiding viewpoints To propose solutions and recommendations to the authorities at different levels to complete the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam
3 Research object and scope
3.1 Research object: The state management of urban housing
Trang 64 Methodology and research methods
4.1 Methodology: The doctoral dissertation was based on the
methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism The assessment of the current situation was based on the guidelines and policies of the Communist Party of Viet Nam and legislation on state management of urban housing The doctoral dissertation used the public management theories and applied in the direction of linking theories with practices
Trang 71 How complete is the theoretical system of the state management of urban housing?
2 What is the current situation of the state management of urban housing
- Hypothesis 2: The state management of urban housing in Viet Nam has currently gained positive achievements and revealed many weaknesses One of the biggest weaknesses is the failure to meet the housing demand of urban residents and a lack of urban housing The reason for this weakness comes from the institutional system, the organization of the mechanisms, capacity of cadres and civil servants, the inspection and examination, and a lack of resources in the state management of urban housing
- Hypothesis 3: It is necessary to develop synchronous and comprehensive solutions to complete the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam The effectiveness of the state management of urban housing is currently average; if the state management of urban housing is completed in terms of legal documents and policies, the organization of the management mechanisms, the development of the contingent of cadres and civil servants, the strengthened inspection and examination of urban housing, the effectiveness of the state management of urban housing will
be ensured Mobilization of resources in society for urban housing development and information technology application in urban housing management will contribute to the realization of the goals of the state
Trang 8management of urban housing in Viet Nam which are to meet the demand for housing, ensure social security, and maintain sustainable development
of the urban areas
6 New contributions of the dissertation
- The dissertation reviewed domestic and overseas research works related
to the state management of urban housing
- The dissertation systemized and supplemented the theoretical basis of the state management of urban housing, specifically: clarifying the connotation of the concept of state management of urban housing, the content of state management of urban housing, and the factors influencing state management of urban housing
- The dissertation summarized the experiences of selected countries and drew some implications for the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam
- The dissertation comprehensively assessed the current situation of the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam and identified the achievements and weaknesses, reasons of weaknesses in the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam
- The dissertation forecasted the socio-economic context and demand for urban housing in the coming time by 2030 and synthesized general views
on completing the state management of urban housing
- The dissertation proposed solutions to complete the state management
of urban housing in Viet Nam: 1) Completing the institutions and policies
on state management of urban housing; (2) Strengthening the apparatus of the state management of urban housing; (3) Improving the capacity of cadres and civil servants of state management of urban housing; (4) Strengthening the resource mobilization for urban housing development; (5) Accelerating the inspection, examination, supervision, and handling of violations of urban housing; (6) Completing the database and information system of housing and real estate market; (7) Strengthening management
Trang 9and control of urban housing ownership, construction, and business; (8) Developing specific regulations on housing for large urban areas
7 Significance of the dissertation
7.1 Theoretical significance
The dissertation was an in-depth research work on the state management
of urban housing The new contributions presented in Section 6 showed that in terms of theory, the dissertation supplemented and clarified some theoretical issues of the public management and urban management sciences Moreover, the dissertation was a source of arguments to supplement and complete the theories and viewpoints of the Party and the State's direction on the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam to meet the goal of sustainable development
7.2 Practical significance
- Specific research results of the dissertation could be used as a reference for related studies and provide inputs for the urban governments in the effective urban housing development and management to realize the development goals
- The data in the dissertation could be used as illustrative examples in teaching public management in general and the issues related to the state management of urban areas;
- The analysis and assessment of the current situation and specific solutions proposed in the dissertation could be referred to by the state management agencies for urban housing in formulating guidelines, completing policies and legislation, promulgating administrative management decisions, and improving the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam
8 Structure of the dissertation
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, and appendices, the dissertation "State management of urban housing in Viet Nam" was structured into four chapters:
Trang 10Chapter 1 Literature review of the research works related to the dissertation
Chapter 2 Scientific basis of the state management of urban housing Chapter 3 The current situation of the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam
Chapter 4 Viewpoints and solutions to improve the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam
Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION
Domestic and overseas research works related to the dissertation were reviewed and categorized into two groups, including: i) research works on urban housing; and ii) research works on the state management of urban housing The dissertation identified the issues which were studied and the
"gaps" to be studied further, specifically:
In terms of theoretical issues Firstly, the contents of the state
management of urban housing were not consistent in the reviewed studies Secondly, there was no research work on tools and methods of the state management of urban housing and the factors influencing the state management of urban housing Thirdly, there was a lack of research work that comprehensively studied the state management of urban housing and analyzed the contents of the state management of urban housing such as institutions, organizational apparatus, human resources, finance, inspection, examination
In terms of practical issues Only few studies assessed the current
situation of the main contents of the urban housing state management regarding institutions, organizational apparatus, human resources, finance, inspection, examination and handling of violations The related research works mostly focused on a single aspect of urban housing such as social housing, tax policy, finance, development investment, or orientation of the supply - demand market Moreover, the current data of the state
Trang 11management of urban housing were missing, fragmented and should be updated
In terms of solutions The solutions in the related research works were
general, not associated with the contents of the state management of urban housing The related research works failed to mention solutions of modern technology and application of criteria for performance assessment of the urban housing state management such as PAPI criteria They did not propose specific solutions for different types of urban areas to improve the effectiveness of the state management of urban housing
It was revealed that the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam has not been studied systematically and comprehensively in any research works Therefore, it is necessary to further study theoretical and practical issues of the state management of urban housing in Viet Nam from the new approaches
The direction for further research was determined as follows:
First, regarding scientific arguments, the dissertation should study urban
housing and the state management of urban housing in a comprehensive manner, develop a complete system of theories concerning contents and general issues of urban housing and the state management of urban housing
Second, the dissertation should clarify the contents of the state
management of urban housing and factors influencing the state management of urban housing
Third, it is necessary to conduct a survey to collect data on urban housing
in Viet Nam to clarify the current situation of urban housing in the country
Fourth, the dissertation should develop viewpoints and propose solutions
to improve the state management of urban housing which are commensurate with the reality in Viet Nam
Chapter 2 SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE STATE MANAGEMENT OF
URBAN HOUSING
Trang 122.1 Overview of urban housing
The dissertation identified the key issues of urban housing as follows:
- An urban area is an area densely populated in which economic activities take place mostly in the non-agricultural sectors It is a political, administrative, economic, cultural or specialized center, playing the role of promoting the socio-economic development of a country, a territory, or a locality It consists of inner and outer areas of a city; inner and outer areas
Urban housing has the following characteristics: first, urban housing is
an asset attached to land; second, urban housing is a sustainable real estate for a long time use; third, urban housing is a valuable asset; fourth, urban housing is scarce and special in nature; and fifth, urban housing deeply reflects social characteristics
- State management of urban housing is a process of systematic, intentional, power-based influences of the competent state agencies on individuals and organizations’ perception and behaviors of ownership, use, construction, sale of urban housing to realize the goals of meeting the housing needs of urban residents, ensuring the existence, reasonable use, continuous development of the urban housing fund and sustainable urban development
The actors involved in the state management of urban housing are individuals and organizations in the executive agencies given the management functions, tasks and competence prescribed by law The apparatus of the state management of urban housing is organized at both central and local levels
Trang 13The objects of the state management of urban housing are urban housing, organizations and individuals participating in the activities related to the use, sale, construction, and development of urban housing Specifically, they are urban housing, urban residents, and investors
The goal of the state management of urban housing is to meet the housing needs of urban residents; ensure the maintenance, rational and economical use, and continuous development of the urban housing fund Methods used in the state management of urban housing: Administrative management methods, economic methods, methods of communication and education
Tools of the state management of urban housing are policies, laws, and plans
2.2 Contents of the state management of urban housing
The following is the contents of the state management of urban housing: i) Formulating and promulgating institutions and policies on state management of urban housing; ii) Organizational apparatus of the state management of urban housing; training of the cadres and civil servants involved in the state management of urban housing; iii) Managing and controlling urban housing ownership, construction, business, and development; iv) Mobilizing resources for urban housing investment and development; v) Inspecting, settling complaints, disputes, and denunciations, and handling violations in the field of urban housing; vi) Building and operating the database and information system of urban housing; vii) Conducting international cooperation in the urban housing management and development
2.3 Factors influencing the state management of urban housing
There are objective and subjective factors influencing the state management of urban housing
Objective factors include economic, political, social factors; development
of science - technology; real estate market and land fund factor; urban characteristics