CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP CHIẾT XUẤT VÀ CHUẨN BỊ MẪU DƯỢC LIỆU PHƯƠNG PHÁP ĐỊNH LƯỢNG CÁC NHĨM HỢP CHẤT CHÍNH

CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP CHIẾT XUẤT VÀ CHUẨN BỊ MẪU DƯỢC LIỆU PHƯƠNG PHÁP ĐỊNH LƯỢNG CÁC NHĨM HỢP CHẤT CHÍNH

Tài liệu tham khảo

1/- J Azmir et al Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials:

A review

/ Journal of Food Engineering 117 (2013) 426–436

2/- Hans - J ö rg Bart (2011 ) Extraction of Natural Products from Plants – An Introduction Published 2011 by

Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA.

3/- S Sasidharan , 1 Y Chen, 1 D Saravanan, 2 K M Sundram, 3 and L Yoga Latha 1 (2011) Extraction, Isolation and

Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Plants' ExtractsAfr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2011;

8(1): 1–10 Published online 2010 Oct 2.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3218439/

4/- Brusottia,b, , I Cesaria,b, A Dentamaroa,b, G Caccialanzaa,b, G Massolinia, (2014) ∗ Review of Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plant resources:The role of analysis in the ethnopharmacological approachG Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 87 (2014) 218– 228

5/Dr SINDHU K M V Sc SCHOLAR, DEPT OF VPT, COVAS, POOKODE.; PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTIONhttp://www.slideshare.net/Sindhukuberappa/phytochemical-extraction?related=1

Các bước khảo sát dược liệu

The general techniques of medicinal plant

•  hot continuous extraction (Soxhlet),

•  aqueous-alcoholic extraction by fermentation,

•  counter-current extraction,

•  microwave-assisted extraction,

•  ultrasound extraction (sonication),

•  supercritical fluid extraction,

•  phytonic extraction (with hydrofluorocarbon solvents).

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Modern Extraction & Separation Techniques

•Liquified gas extraction

•Supercritical fluid extraction

•Simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE)

•Microwave extraction &

Essential Oil Extraction Techniques

CÁC KỸ THUẬT CHIẾT XUẤT

•Expression or Cold Pressing is confined to citrus oils.

•It involves inducing physical damage to the essential oil glands

on the surface of citrus fruits to release the oil

•It is simultaneously washed by the passing water and recovered using an oil-water separator

CÁC KỸ THUẬT CHIẾT XUẤT

Today, there are four major processes that are used to extract

citrus oils at commercial scale

For natural rubber, workers called tappers cut a shallow groove

in the bark of a tree and collect the drops of latex in a cup

•For opium production, the skin of the ripening pods of these poppies is scored by a sharp blade at a time carefully and then dry latex collected

The extraction is done by organic solvent

•After the extraction, solvent is evaporated

•This “concentrated solution” is then directed, after filtering, into a vacuum evaporator

necessary to produce an acceptable product

•The product is called “Concrete” if the material used is fresh floral

•If it has been extracted from dry or viscous products it is more

commonly called “Resinoid”

KỸ THUẬT CHIẾT XUẤT VỚI DUNG MÔI

•This technique used to be very popular

•It is very rarely used nowadays

•It used to be the method of choice for extracting flowers like

Jasmin and Tuberose

KỸ THUẬT CHIẾT XUẤT VỚI MỠ LẠNH

KỸ THUẬT CHIẾT VÀ TÁCH HIỆN ĐẠI

kỹ thuật chiết bằng khí hóa lỏng: Phytosol

Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technique

KỸ THUẬT CHIẾT LỎNG SIÊU TỚI HẠN

Poroplast Extraction Technique

In all living systems the transfer of solutes is achieved through

membrane processes.

Membrane Extraction Technique

KỸ THUẬT CHIẾT QUA MÀNG

•Pervaporation

•Liquid membrane extraction

Membrane Extraction Technique

KỸ THUẬT CHIẾT QUA MÀNG

Dynamic headspace sampling

•In the static headspace sampling technique, analyte is kept in a

closed vial and the air (headspace air) above the solid or a liquid sample is sampled by a gas syringe or directed on to the gas chromatography column or more usually first concentrated on an adsorbent trap

Static Headspace Sampling Techniques

Vacuum Headspace Sampling Technique

Dynamic Headspace Sampling Technique

Dynamic Headspace Sampling Technique

•Direct Sampling Method

Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME)

Stir-Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE)

Likens-Nickerson Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction (SDE)

Controlled Instantaneous Decompression (CID)

Microwave Extraction & Distillation

Two Heating Model

M Letellier and H Budzinski*, Microwave assisted extraction of organic

compounds, Analusis, 27, 259-271 (1999).

Microwave Extraction & Distillation

Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MWHD) System

Milestone ETHOS E

Microwave Extraction & Distillation

Matching of HD and MW-HD Essential Oil

Chromatograms of Heracleum crenatifolium

Micro distillation

Molecular Spinning Band Distillation

Preparative Fractionation PREPARATIVE FRACTIONATION BY GC-FRACTION

COLLECTOR PFC

Analysis Techniques for MAPs

What are we Expecting from New Techniques ?

1 short processing time

2 less solvent consumption

3 min environmental damage

4 lower energy consumption

5 less input / more output – max yield

6 simplicity of application

7 no-risk or danger

8 no need to toxic and / or radioactive chemical input

9 cheapest and less input – low process cost

10 flexibility and functional usage

11 adaptation to different field easily

12 automation

13 validation

• The END

Hot Continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)

http://www.slideshare.net/Sindhukuberappa/ phytochemical-extraction?related=1

http://www.slideshare.net/Sindhukuberappa/ phytochemical-extraction?related=1

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Aqueous Alcoholic Extraction by

Fermentation

Counter-current Extraction

http://www.slideshare.net/Sindhukuberappa/ phytochemical-extraction?related=1

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Microwave-assisted

extraction (principle)

techniques

http://www.slideshare.net/NIDHIYJ/extraction-extraction techniques

Ultrasound Extraction (Sonication)

http://www.slideshare.net/Sindhukuberappa/ phytochemical-extraction?related=1

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Supercritical Fluid Extraction

(SFE) (principle)

techniques

http://www.slideshare.net/NIDHIYJ/extraction-extraction techniques

Phytonics Process

extraction techniques

techniques

http://www.slideshare.net/NIDHIYJ/extraction-Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)

51

Hydrotropic Extraction

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Essential oils

• Used in a wide variety of consumer goods viz., detergents, soaps, toilet products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, confectionery food products, soft drinks, distilled alcoholic beverages (hard drinks) and insecticides

• Production technology is an essential element

to improve the overall yield & quality of essential oil.

http://www.slideshare.net/Sindhukuberappa/ phytochemical-extraction?related=1

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Heteogenous chemical group

present in essential oils

http://www.slideshare.net/Sindhukuberappa/ phytochemical-extraction?related=1

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

141119090241-conversion-gate02/95/

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/extraction-phytochemical-extraction-57-638.jpg?

cb=1416448649 PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

• water and steam distillation

• direct steam distillation

2 Hydrolytic maceration distillation

3 Expression

4 Cold fat extraction / Enfleurage.

http://www.slideshare.net/Sindhukuberappa/ phytochemical-extraction?related=1

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Distillation methods

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Modern (Non-traditional) Methods of

Extraction

1 Headspace trapping techniques - Static headspace technique - Vacuum

headspace technique - Dynamic headspace technique

2 Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME)

3 Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)

4 Phytosol (phytol) extraction

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (principle)

techniques

http://www.slideshare.net/NIDHIYJ/extraction-extraction techniques

Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)

Sample Preparation & Purification

Dụng cụ thực hiện kỹ thuật vi

chiết pha rắn (Gyorgy Vas, 2004)

Protoplast technique

Simultaneous Distillation Extraction

Phương pháp chưng cất lôi cuốn hơi nước

và trích ly đồng thời 

Simultaneous Distillation Extractor

EXTRACTION MEDICINAL PLANTS AROMATIC PLANTS

1 Cold aqueous percolation

2 Hot aqueous extraction (decoction)

3 Solvent extraction (cold / hot)

Concrete

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Absolutes

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Resinoids

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Pomades

PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION