Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành quản trị mạng

Hà Nội, ngày 25 tháng 02 năm 2019 BAN CHỦ NHIỆM BIÊN SOẠN GIÁO TRÌNH NGHỀ: QUẢN TRỊ MẠNG MÁY TÍNH TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ KỸ THUẬT CÔNG NGHỆ Tham gia biên soạn 1.. PCs personal computers ar

BỘ LAO ĐỘNG - THƯƠNG BINH VÀ XÃ HỘI TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ KỸ THUẬT CÔNG NGHỆ

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š› -GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QTM

NGHỀ: QUẢN TRỊ MẠNG MÁY TÍNH

Hà Nội, năm 2019

BỘ LAO ĐỘNG - THƯƠNG BINH VÀ XÃ HỘI

TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ KỸ THUẬT CÔNG NGHỆ

LỜINÓIĐẦU Giáotrình “TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUẢN TRỊ MẠNG” được biên

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-Đây là giáo trình mang tính chuyên ngành nên tranh ảnh nhiều,chúng tôi đềnghị giáo trình được inmầu để sinh viên dễ dàng hơntrongviệchiểucáckháiniệmchuyênngànhbằngtiếngAnhthôngquahìnhảnh

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Xintrântrọngcảmơn!

Hà Nội, ngày 25 tháng 02 năm 2019

BAN CHỦ NHIỆM BIÊN SOẠN GIÁO TRÌNH NGHỀ: QUẢN TRỊ MẠNG MÁY TÍNH

TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ KỸ THUẬT CÔNG NGHỆ

Tham gia biên soạn

1 Chủ biên Đoàn Hạnh Hằng Giảng viên tiếng anh

2 Tập thể Giảng viên Khoa CNTT

Mọi thông tin đóng góp chia sẻ xin gửi về hòm thư tienphungktcn@gmail.com, hoặc

liên hệ số điện thoại 0913393834-0983393834

Unit 5: Buying a computer 35

ChapterII:Input/Outputdevices 38

Unit7.Capture your favorite image 44Unit8 Viewing the output 47Unit9 Choosing a printer 51

Unit 14 The graphical user interface 78

Unit18.Face of the Internet 97

ChapterV: Creative software 101Unit19: Graphics and design 101Unit20: Desktop publishing 108

ChapterVII:Computerstomorrow 132Unit 25: Electronic communications 132

sự tiêu tốnkết nối với cái gihiện tại

cơ sở dữ liệuphân phốigiao dich tài chínhnhiên liệu

phép tínhtoàn bộthời điểm cụ thểthực hiện

cung cáp cho ai cái gìdựa vào

II LANGUAGEWORK

THEPASSIVEVOICE

Passive are very common in technical writing where we are more interested

in facts processes and and event than in people.We form

thepassivebyusingtheappropriatetensesoftheverb"tobe"followedbythepastparticipleofthewerbweareusing

PCs (personal computers) are also used for administrative purposes: forexample, school use databases and word processors to keep records ofstudents, teachers and materials

2 Race organizers and jounalists rely on computers to provide them withthecurrent positions of riders and teams in both the particular stages oftheraceandintheoverallcompetition

Workstationsintheracebusesprovidethetimingsystemandgiveupto the minutetiming information to TV stations In the pressroom severalPCs give real- timeinformationon the stata of the race Computerdatabasesarealsousedinthedrug—detectingtestsforcompetitors

3 Computers store information about the amount of money held byeachclient and enable staff to access large databases and to carry outfinancialtransactions at high speed They also control the automatic cashdispenserswhich,bytheuse ofapersonalcodedcard,dispensemoneytoclients

4 Airlines pilots use computers to help them control the planes.Forexample, monitors display data about fuel consumptionandweatherconditions

In airport control towers, computers are used to manageradarsystemsandregulateairtraffic.Ontheground,airlinesareconnectedtotravelagencies by computer Travel agents use computers to find out about theavailability of flights, prices, times, stopovers and many other details

Exercise 2 Read the text below, which describes the insurance

company'sprocedure for dealing with PC-user's problem Fill in the gaps using thecorrectformoftheverbin brackets

All call 1 (register) by the Help Desk staff Eachcall2 (evaluate) and then 3 (allocate) totherelevantsupportgroup.Ifaovisit4 (require)theuser5………

…….…

(contact)bytelephone,andanappointment6 (arrange).Mostcalls7

(deal with)within one working day In the event of a majorproblem requiringtheremovalofauser'sPC,areplacementcanusually8……….(supply)

Exercise3.Fillfathegapsinthefollowingsentencesusingtheappropriateformoft

heverb inbrackets

1 Thepartoftheprocessorwhichcontrolsdatatransfersbetweenthevariousinputand outputdevices (call)thecontrolunit

2 Theaddressbus (use)tosendaddressdetailsbetweenthememoryan

6 Thefirst digital computer (build)bytheUniversityofPpennsylvanniain1994.

3 The drug-detectingtestintheTourdeFrance … ( .support)bycomputers

2 Workstationsin the race busesprovidethe timingsystem andgive up to

the minute timinginformationto TV stations In the timeinformationonthestata oftherace

pressroomseveralPCsgivereal-3 Computers store information about the amount of money held byeachclient and enable staff to access large databases and to carry outfinancialtransactionsathighspeed

4 On the ground, airlines are connected to travel agencies by computer.Travelagents use computers to find out about the availability offlights,prices,times,stopoversandmanyotherdetails

V FURTHERREADING

Personalcomputer

A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose computerwhosesize,capabilities,andoriginalsalespricemakeitusefulforindividuals,andwhichisintendedtobeoperateddirectlybyan end-user withnointerveningcomputeroperator.This contrasted with the batch processingor time-sharingmodelswhichallowedlarger,moreexpensiveminicomputer andmainframesystems to be used by many people, usuallyat the same time Large dataprocessing systems require a full-time staff tooperateefficiently

Software applications for personal computers include, but are notlimited to,word processing, spreadsheets, databases, Web browsers and e-mail clients,digitalmediaplayback, games,andmyriadpersonalproductivity and special-purpose

personalcomputersoftenhaveconnectionstotheInternet,allowingaccesstothe

WorldWideWeb andawiderangeofotherresources.Personalcomputersmay beconnected toa localarea network (LAN), either byacableorawirelessconnection.Apersonalcomputermaybea desktopcomputeroralaptop,tablet,orahandheldPC

Bộ xử lý trung tâmNhất định

Thành phầnCấu hìnhBao gồmPhối hợp

Ổ đĩaCho phépRút raChức năngNói chungPhần cứngGiữChứa, bao hàm, bao gồm

Có ảnh hưởngBao hàmBàn phímThiết bị kết nối internet

Có thể, có lẽpermanent peripheral

cổngbiểu mẫu in

bộ phận phía sauphần mềmloại, mụcthiết bị lưu trữ

Three basic steps are involved in the process First, data is fed into thecomputer’smemory Then when the program isrun,the computer performsaset

of instructions andprocesses the data Finally,wecan see theresults(theoutput)

onthescreenofinprintedform

Information in the form of data andprogramsis known as software,andthe

electronic andmechanical parts that makeupa computer systemare called

hardware. A standard computer system consists of threemainsections:thecentralprocessingunits(CPU),themainmemoryandtheperipherals.Perhapsthemostinfluentialcomponentisthe

Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storageof both data and programs Disk drives are used to handle one or morefloppy disks Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s

memory.Themostcommoninputdevicesarethemouseandthekeyboard.Outputdevi ces enable us to extract the finished product from the system Forexample, the

computer shows the output on the monitor or prints

theresultsontopaperbymeansofa printer.

On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into whichwe can plug

a wide range of peripherals — modems, fax machines, opticaldrivesandscanners.These are the main physical units of a computer system,

generallyknownas theconfiguration.

17

a)Software b)Peripheraldevices c)Monitor

d)Floppydisk e)Hardware f)Input

g)Port h)Output i)Centralprocessingunit

4) Lastnight,Imetsomeone worksforGMasacomputer programmer.5) Aco-

processorisasiliconchip carriesoutmathematicaloperationsataveryhighspeed

V FURTHERREADING

Inputdevice

Incomputing,aninputdeviceisanyperipheral(piece

ofcomputerhardwareequipment)usedtoprovidedataandcontrolsignalstoaninformationprocessing system such as a computer or other informationappliance.Inputandoutputdevicesmakeupthehardwareinterfacebetweenacomputerandascanneror6DOFcontroller

Manyinputdevicescanbeclassifiedaccordingto:

- Modalityofinput(e.g.mechanicalmotion,audio,visual,etc.)

- The input is discrete (e.g key presses) or continuous (e.g a mouse’sposition,though digitized into a discrete quantity, is fast enough tobeconsideredcontinuous)

- The number of degrees of freedom involved (e.g two-dimensionaltraditionalmice, or three-dimensional navigators designedforCADapplications)

- Whether the positional information is absolute (e.g on a touchscreen)orrelative(e.g.withamousethatcanbeliftedandrepositioned)

adapter Thiết bị tiếp hợp

arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Đơn vị số học logic

beexpanded Mở rộng, phát triển

cache memory Bộ nhớ truy cập nhanh

Consequently Do đó, vì vậy, cho nêncontrol unit(CU) Đơn vị điều khiển

distinct Riêng, khác biệt

equivalent Tương đương

internalarchitecture Kiến trúc trong

interval Khoảng thời gian

RAM(Randomaccessmemory) Bộ nhớ truy cập ngẫu nhiên

ROM (Readonly memory) Bộ nhớ chỉ đọc

1) thecontrolunit,

whichexaminestheinstructionsintheuser’sprograminterpretseachinstructionsandcausesthecircuitsandtherestofthecomponents–diskdrives,monitor,etc.–

tobeactivatedtoexecutethefunctionsspecified;

One area where microprocessors differ is in the amount of data – thenumber

of bits – they can work at a time There are 8, 16, 32 and 64-bitprocessors Thecomputer’s internal architecture is evolving so quickly thatthenew64-bitprocessorsareabletoaddress4billiontimesmoreinformationthana32-bitsystem.The programs anddata,which passthroughthe central processor,must beloadedinto the main memory(alsocalledthe internal memory)inordertobeprocessed.Thus,whentheuserrunanapplication,themicroproc

essorlooksforitonsecondarystoragedevices(Disks)andtransfers a copy of theapplication into the RAM area RAM (random access memory) is temporary, i.e.its information is lost when the computeristurned off However, the ROM section(read only memory) is permanentandcontainsinstructionsneededbytheprocessor.Most of today’s computers have internal expansion slots that allowusers toinstalladaptersor expansionboards Popular adaptersincludehigh-resolution graphicsboards, memory expansion boards, and internalmodems

The power and performance of a computer is partly determined bythe speed ofits microprocessor A clock providespulsesat fixedintervalsto measure and

synchronize circuits and units The clock speed is measuredin MHz (megahertz) andrefers to the frequency at which pulse are emitted.Forexample,aCPUrunningat500MHz(500 millioncyclespersecond)islikely to provide a very fast processing rateand will enable the computer tohandlethemost demandingapplications.

2 The register, which are high-speed units of memory used to storeandcontrol information One of these registers is the program counter(PC)whichkeepstrackofthenextinstructiontobeperformedinthemainme

mory Another istheinstruction register(IR),which holds

theinstructionthat iscurrentlybeing executed

3 The programs and data, which pass through the central processor,

mustbe loaded into the main memory (also called the internal memorv)

inordertobeprocessed

4 Most of today’s computers have internal expansion slots thatallowusers to installadaptersor expansionboards Popular adaptersincludehigh-resolution graphics boards, memory expansion boards, and internalmodems

5 The clock speed is measured in MHz (megahertz) and refers tothefrequency at which pulse are emitted For example, a CPU running at 500MHz(500 million cycles per second) is likely to provide a very fastprocessing rateand will enable the computer to handle the most demandingapplications

IV FURTHERREADING

Acontrol unitis circuitry that directs operations withinthecomputer'sprocessorbydirectingtheinputandoutputofacomputersystem Theprocessor then controls how the rest of the computer operates(giving directions tothe other parts and systems) A control unit works bygathering input through aseries of commands it receives from instructionsin a running programsand thenoutputsthose commandsinto controlsignals that the computer and other hardwareattached to the computercarryout

ThecontrolunitisbasicallycircuitryinsidetheCPU,controllingtheoperationsinside the CPU and "directing traffic" in a sense The functions acontrol unitperforms can depend on the type of CPU, since the varyingdegrees ofarchitecture between all the different CPUs will determine thefunctionsofthecontrolunit

UNIT 4: BITS AND BYTES

I VOCABULARY

binary notation biểu diễn nhị phân

character ký tự

representation diễn đạt, biểu thị

figure sổ liệu, con số

equivalent tương đương

refresh làm tươi lại

buffer bộ đệm, bộ nhớ trung gian

monochrome đơn sắc

color palette bảng màu

bits (b) (binary digit) Số nhị phân

bytes (B) 1 chuỗi số có 8 bít

II READING

A With a partner, try to answer these questions.

1 How many digits does a binary system use? What is a ‘bit’?

2 What is the difference between binary notation and the decimal system?Give some examples

3 What is a collection of eight bits called?

4 One kilobyte (IK) equals 1,024 bytes Can you work out the value ofthese units?

(kilo-: one thousand)

(mega-: one million)

(giga-: one thousand million)

5 What does the acronym ‘ASCII’

stand for? What is the purpose of this

code?

B Now read the text to check your answers or to find the correct answer.

Units of memory Bits - basic units of memory

Information is processed and stored in computers as electrical signals Acomputer contains thousands of electronic circuits connected by switches thatcan only be in one of two possible states: ON (the current is flowing through thewire) or OFF (the current is not flowing through the wire) To represent these

two conditions we use binary notation in which 1 means ON and 0 means OFF.

This is the only way a computer can ‘understand’ anything Everything about

computers is based upon this binary process Each 1 or 0 is called a binary digit

or bit.

On monochrome system, one bit represents one pixel on the screen and can

be either ‘on’ or ‘off (black or white)

Color Red Green Blue

A graphics adaptor with 1 bit per primary color can generate up to 8 or 23colors

as you can see from the following table A graphics adaptor with 8 bits perprimary color can generate 16.7 million or (23)8 colors

Bytes and characters

1s and Os are grouped into eight-digit codes that typically represent

characters (letters, numbers, and symbols) Eight bits together are called a byte.

Thus, each character in a keyboard has its own arrangement of eight bits Forexample, 01000001 for the letter A, 01000010 for B and 01000011 for C

The ASCII code

The majority of computers use a standard system of the binaryrepresentation of characters This is the American Standard Code for InformationInterchange, known popularly as ‘ASCII’ (pronounced ‘ask-key’

There are 256 different ways of combining 0 and 1 bits in a byte Therefore,they can give us 256 different signals However, the ASCII code only uses 128bytes to represent characters The rest of the bytes are used for other purposes.The first 32 codes are reserved for characters such as the Return key, Tab,Escape, etc Each letter of the alphabet and many symbols (such as punctuationmarks) as well as the ten numbers have ASCII representations What makes thissystem powerful is that these codes are standard

Kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes

In order to avoid astronomical figures and sums in the calculation of bytes,

we use units such as kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes One kilobyte is 1,024bytes (210) and it is represented as KB, or more informally as K One megabyte isequivalent to 1,024 KB, and one gigabyte is 1,024 MB

We use these units (KB, MB, and GB) to describe the RAM memory, thestorage capacity of disks and the size of any application or document

C.Look at the illustrations and the captions below Then fill in the blanks with the correct unit of memory.

E NGLISH

1 One 2 One 3 One 4 One representsrepresents represents 1,024 represents 1,000,000 1,000,000,000 charactersone character characters (about a characters (about the (about 1,000 books in a

small page of text) text of this book) library)

III.Language work

Word formation: prefixes

When you are reading, you will come across unfamiliar words It is oftenpossible to guess the meaning of these words if you understand the way words inEnglish are generally formed

An English word can be divided into three parts: a prefix, a stem, and a

suffix Pre- means ‘before’ A prefix, therefore, is what comes before the stem Consider, as an example, the prefix de- (meaning ‘reduce’ or ‘reverse’) in a word

like ‘demagnetize’ (meaning ‘to deprive of magnetism’) A suffix is what is

attached to the end of the stem Consider, as an example, the suffix -er (meaning

‘someone who’) in ‘programmer’ (‘a person who programs’)

Suffixes change the word from one part of speech to another For example,

-ly added to the adjective 'quick’ gives the adverb ’quickly’ Prefixes, on the other hand, usually change the meaning of the word For example, un- changes a word

to the negative ‘Unmagnetizable’ means ‘not capable of being magnetized’

A Study these tables Try to find additional examples, using your dictionary if necessary.

1 Negative and positive prefixes:

im- not impossible

ir- irregular, irrelevantnon- not connected with non-programmablemis- bad, wrong misdirec

dis- opposite feeling disagree

opposite action disconnectanti- against antiglare

de- reduce, reverse demagnetize, decodeunder- too little underestimate

Positive re- do again reorganize

over- too much overload

2 Prefixes of size

Prefix Meaning Examples

semi- half, partly semiconductor

equi- equal equidistant

micro- very small microcomputer

macro- large, great macroeconomics

3 Prefixes of time and order

Prefix Meaning Examples

prime- first primary, primitive

retro- backward retroactive

4 Prefixes of numbers

Prefix Meaning Examples

mono- one monochromatic

sept(em)- seven September

B Read the following sentences and circle the prefixes For each word that has a prefix, try to decide what the prefix means Refer back to the table if you need help.

1 Floppy disks are inexpensive and reusable

2 If a printer malfunctions, you should check the interface cable

3 The multiplexor was not working because someone had disconnected it bymistake

4 Improper installation of the antiglare shield will make it impossible to readwhat is on the screen

5 After you transfer text using the ‘cut and paste’ feature, you may have toreformat the text you have inserted

6 You can maximize your chances of finding a job if you are bilingual or eventrilingual

7 Peripheral devices can be either input devices (such as keyboards) or outputdevices (such as printers)

8 Your pay rise is retroactive to the beginning of June and you will receive abiannual bonus

9 The octal and hexadecimal systems are number systems used as a form ofshorthand in reading groups of four binary digits

10 As the results are irregular, the program will have to be rewritten

UNIT 5: BUYING A COMPUTER

I VOCABULARY

compiler (n) Chương trình dịch

accumulator (n) Thanh tổng, bộ tích lũy, bộ cộng

conversion (n) Sự chuyển đổi

magnetion (n) Từ tính

computerize (v) Máy tính hóa

wraphic work (n) Hệ thống đồ họa

word processing (n) Soạn thảo văn bản

dealer (n) Bán buôn, bán sỉ

thumb (n) Vận dụng

dictate (v) Ra lệnh

II READING

Advantages of a desktop computer

Desktops are the big kids on the block The traditional tower case, tower and horizontal 'form factor' models offer a roomy case with an easilyaccessible interior (Form factor refers to the specification of the motherboard,which influences the size of the case.)

mini-Even the relatively compact all-in-one models mostly offer large-size, power components and a big screen, though without the extra internal space.Note, however, that some models in pursuit of a thinner and slimmer look may

full-include laptop-style components such as onboard graphics (on the motherboardrather than a dedicated graphics card) and even a 2.5-inch hard drive (rather thanthe standard 3.5-inch drive) or just a solid-state drive (SSD).

Compact

Also known as small form factor (SFF) or Mini PCs, these sandwich-sizedcomputers include cut-down components like an all-in-one, but with no built-inscreen

All-in-one

If you're looking for a general-purpose desktop computer with a big screenbut compact size, an all-in-one could be just what you need These self-containeddesktop computers house all the components plus the monitor in a single unit thatlooks just like a desktop monitor The computer itself is usually built-in behindthe screen Although they lack the expandability of a traditional tower-case unit,they provide a space-saving and even stylish alternative that can be a multimediafocal point for the whole family

If you're skipping a slim all-in-one for a modular PC (tower or compactmodels), there are some advantages:

· Connections: on a tower model the extra space usually means you'll find

a wider range of connection ports – and more of them

· Cooling: bigger fans and more room means better cooling, so you can

use top-end components such as faster processors and graphics cards

· Space: a traditional desktop case provides much more space inside,

compared to a laptop or an all-in-one model This leaves more room for extra

drives or a second graphics card.

·Upgrades: a traditional desktop tower-style case offers much more

flexibility for upgrading or replacing parts, so your desktop PC can last muchlonger with a few well-chosen upgrades

· Versatility: You don't have to buy a finished box off-the-shelf You can

custom tailor a desktop PC to suit your needs and budget, whether you build yourown or pay a professional to put it all together

· Cost: a bigger case can actually mean big savings – it costs more to

make things small

III Group work:

Discussion - What kind of computers have you used?

A basic PC for email, documents and web browsing: If you only need thevery basics, you can make do with a PC with an Intel Pentium or Core i3processor, or an AMD A8, A10 or Ryzen 3 processor Typically you'll get 1TB

of storage with this, too, so there will be plenty of room to store all your files.Make sure you get at least 4GB of Ram (preferably 8GB if you can), which willhelp Windows 10 run a lot more smoothly

A PC for lots of multi-tasking or photo-editing: If you like to do a lot ofthings quickly, you'll want an Intel Core i5 or AMD Ryzen 5 processor You'llalso want 8GB of Ram and a solid-state drive (SSD) to make things feel reallysprightly Read our guide on Intel processors and SSDs to better understand thedifference these choices can make

A PC for video editing and gaming: You'll need all of the above

recommendation as a minimum, along with a dedicated graphics card that willassist with video editing and make your games run more smoothly Our guide togaming laptops runs through the reasons why this is important and our guide toAMD, Intel and Nvidia explains what to expect from each brand If you're going

to be editing 4K video and need it done quickly, consider an Intel Core i7, AMDRyzen 7 or Intel Core i9 processor and at least 16, if not 32GB of Ram