a dictionary of iraqi arabic (english-arabic)

Ø6 — voiceless interdental spirant; similar to English th as in thank.. x— voiceless velar spirant; no English equivalent but similar to ch as in German Bach.. voiced interdental spirant

Arabic Series: Number 6

General Editor: Richard S Harrell

Institute of Languages and Linguistics

(Accompanying set of 7 cassetfes)

A DICTIONARY OF IRAQI ARABIC: ARABIC-ENGLISH D.R Woodhead and Wayne Beene, Editors

522 pp., ISBN 0-87840-281-0, paper

A DICTIONARY OF IRAQI ARABIC: ENGLISH-ARABIC

B.E Clarity, Karl Stowasser, and Ronald G Wolfe

216 pp., ISBN 0-87840-280-2, paper

A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF SYRIAN ARABIC Mark W Cowell

601 pp., ISBN 0-87840-009-5, paper

(Accompanying set of 3 cassettes)

A DICTIONARY OF SYRIAN ARABIC: ENGLISH-ARABIC

Karl Stowasser and Moukhtar Ani, Editors

281 pp., ISBN 0-87840-010-9, paper _

A BASIC COURSE IN MOROCCAN ARABIC

Richard S Harrell

411 pp.„ ISBN 0-87840-005-2, paper (Accompanying set of 16 cassettes)

A SHORT REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF MOROCCAN ARABIC

287 pp., ISBN 0-87840-006-0, paper

A DICTIONARY OF MOROCCAN ARABIC:

MOROCCAN-ENGLISH/ ENGLISH-MOROCCAN Richard S Harrell and Harvey Sobelman, Editors

528 pp., ISBN 0-87840-007-9, cloth

EASTERN ARABIC Frank A, Rice and Majed F Sa’id

400 pp., ISBN 0-87840-021-4, paper (Accompanying set of 9 cassettes)

My personal contribution in

the compilation of this dictionary

is dedicated to

my mother and her two close friends,

"Rileen'" and "Cleo."

R G W.

Arabic Series: Number Six

General Editor: Richard S Harrell

Institute of Languages and Linguistics

Georgetown University

Washington, D.C

A DICTIONARY

The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the United States Office of Education,

Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare

Copyright Georgetown University

1964

THE ARABIC SERIES INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY

As an adjunct to its teaching and research program in the field of modern Arabic studies, Georgetown University's Institute of Languages and Linguistics in- augurated a publication series in Arabic studies in 1962 The present volume rep- resents the sixth of the series A list of currently available and forthcoming publications is to be found on the back cover of this book

Inquiries as to prices, details of subscription, etc., should be sent to the Di-

rector of Publications, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown Univer-

sity, Washington, D C., 20007.

Copy Preparation by

WALTER CONWAY & ASSOCIATES, Inc

Washington D C., 20010

THE ARABIC RESEARCH PROGRAM INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY

The Arabic Research Program was established in June of 1960 as a contract between Georgetown University and the United States Office of Education under the provisions of the Language Development Program ofthe National Defense Education Act

The first two years of the research program, 1960-1962 (Contract number

SAE-8706), were devoted to the production of six books, a reference grammar and

a conversational English-Arabic dictionary in the cultivated spoken forms of Moroccan, Syrian, and Iraqi Arabic The second two years of the research pro- gram, 1962-1964 (Contract number OE-2-14-029), call for the further production

of Arabic-English dictionaries in each of the three varieties of Arabic mentioned above, as well ascomprehensive basic courses in the Moroccan andIraqi varieties

The eleven books of this series, of which the present volume is one, are de- signed to serve as practical tools for the increasing number of Americans whose lives bring them into contact with the Arab world The dictionaries, the reference grammars, and the basic courses are oriented toward the educated American who

is a layman in linguistic matters Although it is hoped that the scientific linguist and the specialist in Arabic dialectology will find these books both of interest and

of use, matters of purely scientific and theoretical importance have not been directly treated as such, and specialized scientific terminology has been avoided

as much as possible

As is usual, the authors or editors of the individual books bear final scholarly

responsibility for the contents, but there has been a large amount of informal co-

operation in our work Criticism, consultation, and discussion have gone on con- stantly among the senior professional members of the staff The contribution of more junior research assistants, both Arab and American, is also not to be under- estimated Their painstaking assembling and ordering of raw data, often inmanners requiring considerable creative intelligence, has been the necessary prerequisite for further progress

Staff work has been especially important in the preparation of the dictionaries Although the contributing staff members are named on the title page of the individual dictionaries, special mention must be made of Mr Karl Stowasser's work His lexicographical experience, acquired in his work on the English version of Profes- sor Wehr's drabisches Worterbuch fiir die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart ,*

*Hans Wehr, 4 Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, ed J Milton Cowan (Ithaca,

N Y.: Cornell University Press, 1961).

along with his thorough knowledge of Arabic, has been critically important for all our lexicographical work, covering the entire range from typography to substantive entries in the dictionaries

In most cases the books prepared by the Arabic Research Program are the first of their kind in English, and in some cases the first in any language The preparation of them has been a rewarding experience It is hoped that the public use of them will be equally so The undersigned, on behalf of the entire staff, would like to ask the same indulgence of the reader as Samuel Johnson requested in his first English dictionary: To remember that although much has been left out, much has been included

Richard S Harrell Associate Professor of Linguistics Georgetown University

Director,

Arabic Research Program

PREFACE

The compilation of this dictionary was begun in the summer of 1960 by Dr Thomas B Irving of the University of Minnesota, with the assistance of Munir Malayka of Baghdad, Iraq Unfortunately, Dr.Irving was not able to see the diction- ary through to its completion, and, for a variety of technical reasons, the mass of material which he had so conscientiously and diligently collected had largely to be abandoned

The re-editing and completion of the work was undertaken by B E Clarity, formerly of the linguistics department of the Arabian-American Oil Company and now Professor at Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin The work was then given a final revision by Ronald G Wolfe under the editorial supervision of Karl Stowasser The compilation of the dictionary was the work of many diligent hands and minds

Mr Clarity's chief assistants, in addition to Ronald Wolfe, were Dan Woodhead, Munir Malayka, Husein Mustafa, and Faysal Al-Khalaf Contributions were also made by Majid Damah, Basil Al-Bustani, Hasan Al-Hashimi, Jerome Hoffman, and Thomas Fox

The long task of reading the proofs, both galley and page, was undertaken by Ronald Wolfe

Washington, D.C

February, 1964

EDITORS' INTRODUCTION

This dictionary is based, in format, on the English-German section of the

bilingual German and English Dictionary of Everyday Usage* The aim of this

work has been to present, for the first time, a dictionary for English speakers con- taining the basic vocabulary of the Iraqi dialect Technical terms have been largely avoided The usage is primarily that of Muslim speakers from Baghdad, but some southern Iraqi usage is also included The illustrative English sentences are based

on everyday conversational usage with a deliberate avoidance of literary style In

a few cases somewhat awkward English constructions have been resorted to in order

to give a clearer picture of Iraqi sentence structure

The transcription system is identical to that of Wallace M Erwin's A Short Reference Grammar of Iraqi Arabic**, which shouldbe consulted for further treat- ment of Iragi phonology

The consonants are as follows:

? — glottal stop; not a distinctive feature of English, but similar to the variant

for English t in button or bottle

b — voiced bilabial stop; similar to English b as in bake

» — voiceless bilabial stop; similar to English p as in pole

t — voiceless dental stop; similar to English t as in take

Ø6 — voiceless interdental spirant; similar to English th as in thank

j — voiced palatal affricate; similar to English j as in jail

š — voiceless palatal affricate; similar to English ch as in cheese

z— voiceless pharyngeal spirant;no English equivalent, but same as Classical Arabic T

x— voiceless velar spirant; no English equivalent but similar to ch as in German Bach

*German-English English-German Dictionary of Everyday Usage, ed by J Alan Pfeffer (New York: Henry Holt and Company) Although the content of this dictionary is, in strictly legal terms, public domain since it was prepared as a part

of the American war effort in World War II, we wish to express our thanks to the publishers for raising no copyright objections to our use of the material

**A Short Reference Grammar of Iraqi Arabic, by Wallace M Erwin (Insti- tute of Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown University, Arabic Series, 4)

“Washington, D C., Georgetown University Press, 1964.

The

The

voiced dental stop; similar to English d as in desk

voiced interdental spirant; similar to English th as in than

alveolar flap, generally voiced; unlike English r, but similar to the t ord flap of English Betty or body

voiced dental spirant; similar to English z as in zeal

voiceless dental spirant; similar to English s as in seen

voiceless palatal spirant; similar to English sh as in sheep

voiceless dental spirant, emphatic; no equivalent in English

voiceless interdental spirant, emphatic; no equivalent in English

voiceless dental stop, emphatic; no equivalent in English

voiced pharyngeal spirant; no equivalent in English, but same as Classical

Arabic €

voiced velar spirant; no equivalent in English, but similar to some occur- rences of French r

voiceless labio-dental spirant; similar to English f as in fan

voiceless post-velar stop; no equivalent in English

voiceless velar stop; similar to English k as in kick

voiced velar stop; similar to English g as in get

voiced alveo-dental lateral; unlike most English l's, but similar to | as in million

voiced bilabial nasal; similar to English m as in meat

voiced dental nasal; similar to English n as in neat

————

voiceless glottal spirant; similar to English h as in home

semivowels are as follows: |

short low central vowel; the quality of this vowel varies with its en-

vironment and is similar to the English a as in father, or a sound between the vowels of father and fought, or bet and bat

short high front unrounded vowel; the quality of this vowel varies with its

environment and is similar to the English i as in machine, bit, or the

English e as in sister.

o — short mid back rounded vowel; similar to the first part of the diphthong in English boat

u — short high back rounded vowel; the quality of this vowel varies with its environment, and is similar to the vowel of English boot, or to a sound between the vowels of bull and ball, or to the vowel sound of English book The long vowels are as follows:

aa— long low central vowel; this vowel, when not next to an emphatic, is

between the vowels of English had and hod, but longer Next to an em-

phatic, it ranges between the vowel of English hod and haul

ee — long mid front unrounded vowel; this vowel is between the vowel sounds

of English fez and phase, or else has diphthong quality, the first part being like the sound of eat, the second like the sound of let

ii — long high front unrounded vowel; similar to the i of English as in machine

oo — long mid back rounded vowel; this vowel, when not next to an emphatic, has the quality of the first element in the diphthong of English chose, or if next to an emphatic, it is similar to the vowel of English ball

uu — long high back rounded vowel; if next to an emphatic, it is between the

vowel of choose and the first element of the diphthong of chose in English, otherwise it is similar to the vowel of English choose

A dot beneath a letter other than the three aforementioned emphatics (s, 6, tf) indicates that the letter is also emphatic As a general rule, the assimilation of a radical to a preceding or following consonant has not been shown The notable ex- pectation is that partial assimilation as to emphasis (velarization) is shown For example tsiir ''you become" and stubar "he was patient"

English homonyms are treated in the same main entry The Arabic equivalent

of an English entry is usually followed by a contextual example which is designed to illustrate and define its semantic range or syntactic behavior, or both Several Arabic equivalents separated by commas are interchangeable within these con- fines An English entry which has no word-for-word equivalent in Arabic is followed by a colon and one or more contextual examples which demonstrate paraphrasitic possibilities A double asterisk (**) preceding an English sentence

or Arabic phrase signals idiomatic rendering

An Arabic noun is regularly followed by its sound and/or broken plural, the former in abbreviation (-—a, -iyya, or -iin, -tyyiin or —aat) The adjectives are given in masculine form with only broken plurals being indicated An asterisk following an adjective ending in -—: indicates that it follows this pattern: feminine

—iyya; plural -1yyiin, —iyyaat

An Arabic verb is quoted in the conventional third person singular (masculine)

of the perfect It is followed by parentheses containing the stem vowel of the

imperfect and the verbal noun or nouns If the verb has a passive voice it will be in-

dicated by the proper prefix, n—- or t-, following the closed parentheses Following the passive form prefix appears the obligatory prepositional complement, if there

is one; e.g €tiraf b- "to admit", €timad €ala "to trust'', whereas free prep- ositional complements are relegated to the illustrative sentences for demonstration

A noun may occur in a verb entry either before or after the preposition A tilde (~) following a noun indicates that the noun is the object of the verb and takes the possessive pronominal suffix agreeing with the subject-doer of the verb: daar (1) baal~ éala "to tend'' becomes daar baala €aj-jihhaal "He tended the chil- dren"

In a certain number of instances where the English verb is expressed in Arabic by a compound of verb plus noun, a hyphen (-) is placed after the noun toindicate annexion: Saaf (u) manédar— "to view'' becomes Saaf mandar il—zaadiO

"He viewed the accident"

Elsewhere, the use of the hyphen in a compound of verb plus noun indicates that the noun is the subject of the Arabic verb and takes a pronominal suffix cor- responding to the subject of the equivalent English sentence: jgaabat (1) rooz-

"to faint" becomes gaabat rooza "He fainted"

The abbreviations used are as follows:

a- 1 (no equivalent} Do you have a stamp and an absent - gaayib Three members were absent because of envelope? €indak taabi€é wSaruf? 2 fadd There illness tla@ ?a€$aa? Eaanaw gaaybiin ib-sabab

1s aman at the door aku fadd rijjaal bil-—baab +Ù-maraồ

3 lê These eggs are fifty fils a dozen hal—beed

td—darzan 1b-xamsiin filis

to abbreviate - xtisar (1 xtisaar) The British Broad-

casting Corporation is abbreviated B.B.C maslazat

từ-?tồaa£a l-bariitaaniyya muxtasara ?ila “bit bii

sii”

ability - gaabliyya pl -aat, gtidaar I don’t doubt

his ability ma-aSukk 1b-gaabliita

able - miqtidir, kafu pl ?akiffaa? I’m sure he’s

an able officer ‘aant mit?akkid huwwa Saabut kafu

to be able — gidar (a magdira, qudra) Will you

be able to come? raz—tigdar tiji?

aboard - €ala We went aboard the boat an hour before

it sailed s€adna €al—markab saaéa gabul-ma mi§a

**all aboard! (ship) kullkum si€édu €al-—markab

(train) kullkum rukbu bil-gitaar

to abolish - liga (i ?ilgaa’) n-

abolished in the United States?

1l—-Eubuudtyya b-amritka?

When was slavery Swakt inligat

abortion — tatriiz pl -aat Abortion is against the

law t-tatriiz $idd il-—gaanuun

to perform an abortion on - tarraz (i tatriiz) t-

He was arrested for performing an abortion on a

young girl twagqqgaf li-?an tarraz ibnayya sgayyra

about - l zawaali, tagriiban There were about

thirty people present aan ’aku zawaali tlaa0iin

waazid -—- It’s about the same tagriiban nafs

tšă š¡t 2 €ala waSak Lunch is about ready

lL-gada €ala waSak y1tzdar He was about to leave

when the phone rang aan fala mwaSak yitlaé min dagg

tt-talafoon 3 €an, fala They were talking

about the war Eaanaw yizéuun f€ann 1l-zarub

4 b- My husband is very particular about his food

rajli hwaaya diqdaaqi b-’akla

**It’s about time you got here

ween Salleet?

what about - €ala weeS What are you talking

about? ?inta €ala wees da-tiz&ti? or ?inta §-da-tizti?

what about - S-ra’yak, S-itguul What about this

one? §-ra’?yak +b-haaSa? or Sloonak b11?

to be about - 1 €ala wees What’s it all about?

E€ala weeS haada kulla? or $saar? or Saku? 2 E€ala

It’s about the money he owes me haay &al-ifluus

il-?atlubh-iyyaa 3 aan yriid I was about to

send for you init da-ariid adizz £aleek

4 €&ala waSak She was about to burst into tears

šaanat fala waSak tibt%&%

ma-~yalla €aad! or

above - 1 foog He is above average height

foog il-mu€addal 2 bts-saabig As already

mentioned above m1i@il—ma ndikar bis—saabigq

above all ~ wil-—’ahamm, la-siyyama, fala l-axass,

tuula

xusuusan Above all, remember to be on time

wil-?ahamm, 1ddakkar laagim itkuun fal-—wakit or

La-styyama, la-tit?axxar

to be above - (aan) °afla min, “’arfaé min, foog

She’s above such petty things hiyya ?arfaé min

hal-’aSyaa? it-tafiifa He’s above suspicion

huwwa foog 18-Subhaat

abroad - xaarij Are you going abroad this summer?

?inta msaafir lil—-xaarij has-seef? He lives abroad

huwwa y€éi1§ bil-xaartj At home and abroad

b1l-watan w-bil-xaarij7

abrupt - 1 yaabis He has a very abrupt manner

€inda ?axlaaga hwaaya yaabsa 2 fujaa?i* We

noticed an abrupt change in his attitude laazasna

tagayyur fujaa?1t b-mawgifa

abruptly - b-jafaaf

Eaamalni b-—jafaaf

He treated me rather abruptly

absence — g1yaab No one noticed his absence

Laazas giyaaba ?aslan

absolute fact hadi1é l-zaqtiqga l-maz$a 2 mutlag

The dictator exercised absolute power d-diktatoor maaras sulta mutlaqa

absolutely —- gatéan He’s absolutely right Jl-zaqq wiyyaa gatéan

to absorb - 1 mass (u mass) n- The sponge absorbed the water quickly Jl-isfanja massat 1l-maay

bil-Eajal 2 hidam (u hadum) n- You can’t absorb

all that material in a single lesson ma-tigdar

tuhdum kull hal-mafluumaat 1b-fadd daris

to be absorbed - nhimak (1 nhimaak) He was so ab- sorbed in his book, he didn’t hear me come in an hal—gadd minhimik b1l-igqraaya ma-zass biyya min xaššcet

to abuse - 1 ’asaa? (1 ?1saa?a) n—- l-istiémaal He’s

abusing his authority da-ysii? istiémaal sulutta

2 ’asaa’? (1 ?1saa’?a) n— l-mu€éaamala He abuses his wife huwwa ysi1t? mu€aamalat marta

academic - 1 diraasi* The academic year s-sana d-diraasiyya 2 mnadsari™ This is an academic

matter haadi gadtyya nadartyya

academy — majmafé pl majaami€ Scientific academy

to accept — gibal (a gqubuul) n- Are you going to

accept that position? raz—tiqbal hadt1é 1l-wadi1 fa?

accent - Ì

access — 1 stiémaal Access to the files is

restricted to supervisors stiémaal il-faaylaat maqsuur Eal—-mulaazis1in 2 maxraj pl maxaarij

Iraq has access to the sea through the Shatt-al-Arab

lL-Etraag €1nda maxraj lil—bazar €an tariig Satt

tl—Earab

to have access to - 1 (things) gidar (a)

yestaémil He has access to the files huwwa yigdar

ytstaémil 1l-?idbaaraat 2 (persons) gidar (a)

yttwassal She has access to the minister of

interior tigdar titwassal il-waziir id-daaxiliyya

accident - zaadi0a pl zawaadiO, gadar pl ?aqdaar

When did the accident happen? Swakit saarat

to accommodate - **We can accommodate three more people

nigdar inhayyt? makaan l-itla@ aSxaas bafad or &idna

makaan l-ttlaada ba€ad , accidentally —- 1

accommodating — xaduum The manager was very accommo- dating l-mudtir €aan kulliks xaduum

accompaniment - €a2if é Who’s going to play the accompaniment? minu raz—yquum bil—Eazi f?

to accompany - 1 raafag (i muraafagqa), saazab (1 musaazaba) He accompanied her on the lute huwwa

raafagha €al—-fuud I played the lute and Ali accompanied-me on the flute %aani daggeet €uud

w-E€alt saazabni €an-naay 2 raaz (u) wiyya We'll | to ache — wijaé (a wujaé) My ear aches ?¿tôni

accompany you to Damascus nruuz wiyyaak Liš šaam toojaént

to accomplish - i xallas (1 taxlits) t-, kammal (1 to achieve - zaqgaqg (i tazgiig) t- He achieved his

takmiil ) đc He accomplished what he set out to do purpose 7Zagqag maraama

xallas i§-§i1i l-bida bii or kammal il-raad ysawwii

2 ftalla€ (i tatlii€) t- For one day he accom- acid - 1 ö 270 ò pl Zawaami5 Bring me that bottle

plished quite a lot tallaé ihwaaya Sugul 1b-~fadd of acid J?tb-Èt 2aak baEl iÌ~zaamub

2 Laadi€ yoom 3 zaqgaqg (i tazgiig) t- He’s accomplished He made a few acid remarks fallaq Swayyat

a good deal in his life zagqag ihwaaya gaayaat taélitqaat laadéa

tb-zayaata 4 twassal (a tawassul) Did you to acknowledge — &tiraf (1 Etiraaf) We acknowledge accomplish anything in Washington? twassalit i§-&ii receipt of your letter dated ni€tirif b-istilaam

b-waaSintin? w maktuubak il-mu’arrax

accomplished - maahir He’s an accomplished musician acknowledged - muftaraf He is an acknowledged expert

huwwa muwsiigi maahir huwwa xabiir mu€taraf bii

**Mission accomplished Jl-matluub saar or l-garaésd

itzaqqaq acorn - T3 pl 6 _ sat coll balluut c2

accomplishment - 1 was proud of his accomplishments sanii€éa pl sanaayié °?umma Eaanat His mother ta rztf) x) b b- a‡t a£ (1? First I want to acquaint you with the ”2ÿtaa£) Eala, farraf (u

facts of the case ?auwwalan °ariid %atliéak £al

faxuura b-sanaayf€a 2 €amal pl ?a&maal Really, zagaayig il—gaSiyya 2

that was no small accomplishment sudug, &aan famal to acquaint oneself - t&arraf (a tafarruf), ttilaé muu Saga (2 ffrlaaé) It’ll take me a week to acquaint mysel f

accord - 1 ttifaag they acted in complete accord with all the problems yinraad li sbwu€ satta

with him tsarrifaw b-ittifaaq kaamil wiyyaa ?at€arraf fala kull 1l—-magaakil

2 keef- He did it of his own accord sawwaaha to get acquainted with — téarraf (a ta€arruf) ala min heefa You two should get acquainted with each other laazim

in accordance with ~ zasab, b—muujib In accordance

with your request we are sending you three more

copies zasab talabak ?izna daaz2zii-lak itla@ nusax

ba£ad

accordingÌy - l “aia hai-?asaas

tsarrafit €ala hal-?asaas 2 btinaa?an €alee

Accordingly, I wrote him a check for the full amount

binaa’an E€alee, kitabit—-la €akk bil-mablag kulla

Everything was carried out hull $i tnaffads zasab

according to - zasab

according to instructions

1t-taéliimaat

account ~ 1 zsaab pl -aat I have an account in

this bank €indi gsaab 1b-hal-bang 2 tagrtir

pl taqgaariir, wasuf pl ?awsaaf His account of

the accident isn’t clear tagritra €al-zaadiOa muu

waasitz or wasfa lil-zaadida muu waad1z

on account of - €ala ?asaas, b-sabab The game

was postponed on account of rain Jl-li1€1b 1t?ajjal

tb-sabab 11-mutar

on no account - b-’ay zaal, mahma saar On no

account must you open this drawer ?inta ma-laazgimn

itfukk hal-mijarr tb-?ay zaal or ma-laazim itfukk

hal-mijarr mahma saar

to call to account - zaasab (1 muzaasaba) t-

I’ll call him to account raz—-azaasba

to give an account of ~— bayyan (i tabytin) t-

You have to give me an account of every penny you

spend laazim itbayyin-li kull filis il—-tusurfa

ween yiruuz

**Give me an account of what happened

tLlt gaar or ?o0osif-l1 thÌt gsaar

to take into account - ’axad ib-naédar il-iétibaar

gŠtt-̆t

You have to take all the facts into account Jlaazim

taaxus kull il-zagaayitg ib-nadsar t+Ì-t€ttbaar

to account for - Ì €allal (i taéliil) t- How

do you account for that? $loon 1t€allil haada?

2 barrar (1 tabritr) You’ll have to account fo1

your actions laazim itbarrir aé€maalak

to be accountable for -— tzaasab (a tazaasub) €an You

alone will be accountable for the materials ?inta

wazdak raz—titzaasab €an hal—mawaadd

accountant -— muzaasib pl —iin

accurate — 1 dagitg She’s very accurate in her

work hiyya kulli§ dagitga b-Sugulha 2 madbuut

Is that watch accurate? has-saaéa madbuuta?

accurately - b15-Sabut, b-suura madbuuta, b-digqqa

She figured it out accurately zisbatha bié~-Sabut

to accuse — tiham (1 ttihaam) né You can’t accuse

me of being lazy ma-tigdar tithimni bil-kasal ——

He was accused of theft nttham 1b-booga

accustomed — mit&awwid fala She’s not accustomed to

that Atyya ma—mitéawmda fala haaSda

to get accustomed to - téawwad (a tafawwud) €ala

le can’t get accustomed to the strict discipline

huwwa ma-yigdar yit€awwad €an-nidaam id-daqiigq

He has all

ace ~ ?aas pl -aat, dilli pl -tyyaat

huwwa finda l-?arbaé ?qasaat

four aces

I acted accordingly

?tntu l-1Oneen titéarrfuun €ala ba€adkum

waazid min tl-ma€éaarif He’s an old

acquaintance of mine huwwa waazid min ma€aarfi L-€ittag 2 maérifa I am pleased to make your

acquaintance ?aani farzaan ib-maériftak

to acquire - l zassal (i gusuul) t- €ala We ac- quired the house when our uncle died zassalna

€al~beet min maat €ammna 2 kttsab (it ktisaab) He’s acquired considerable skill in tennis ktisab thuaaya mahaara bit-tanis

to acquit — barra (i tabriya) t-

him l~Zaakim barraa

acquaintance - 1

The judge acquitted

across — b-soob il-laax The station is across the river l-mazatta b-soob il—laax imni§-Satt

across the street - gbaal He lives across the street from us huwwa yiskun tgbaalna

to go across ~— fubar (u fubuur) n- Let’s go across the bridge xal—ni€bur ij-jisir

**This bus goes right across town hal-paas

y+7taaz 1l-wlaaya fala tuul

Eamal pl ?a€maal, fiéil pl %af€aal That wasn’t a selfish act haaŠa ma-šaan €amal ?anaant

2 fasil pl fusuul I don’t want to miss the first

act ma-aritd yfuutni l-fasl 1l-’avwwal

**Don’t put on an act! lLa-titsanna€é!

to act - 1 tsarraf (a tasarruf) He’s been acting like a child Caan yitsarraf miOl ta-aza£tuu†t

2 maQGal (1 tam611l) t- She’s going to act in that new play raz—itmadOil 1b-511& 1t-tamO1iltyya j-jtdiida

to act on - ttixad (1 ttixaad) ijraa? b-

going to act on our proposal tomorrow raaz yittaxduun ijraa? b-iqtiraazna baacir

to bring action against — gaam (i ?tqgaama) n— daéwo

€ala They will bring action against him

raz—yqiimuun €alee dafwa

to take action -— ’axad (u ?axtŠ) n"- ?11raa?

any action been taken on my case?

ib-gadii ti?

Has

n?ixad ?ay 11raa?

active - 1 €aamil Are you an active member? ?inta

€usu €aamil? 2 naSiit He’s still very active for his age ba€da kulli§ naSiit bin-nisba l-E€umra

3 fa€€aal He has always been very active in our club huwwa Eaan wla-yzaal kulli§ faééaal

+ b~'taadt tn da

activity - 1 naSaat He had to give up all physical

activity for a while Starr yitruk kull naSaat jismi

ƒadd mudda 2 zaraka pl -aat There’s not much activity around here on Sunday ma-aku hwaaya zaraka hnaa yoom il-azzad 3 Efamal pl ?aémaal She

advantage

engages in a lot of social activity t13tirtk

b-ihwaaya ?a€maal ij timaaé&iyya

feverish activity -— xabsa pl xabasaat What’s

all that feverish activity over there? Sinu hal-

xabsa hnaak?

actor — mumad@il pl —itn

actress ~ mumaOGila pl -aat

actual - 1 zagiigi*, f1éli* The actual reason was

something entirely different s-sabab il-zagiigi

Caan fadd $11 yixtilif tamaaman 2 ’asli* She

works here, but her actual office is on the second

floor htyya tiStugu] ihnaa lLaakin muzall Sugulha

L-?asli bit—taabig 16-@aani

actually - 1 zagiigatan, fiélan, sudug Do you

actually believe that story? ?inta sudug tiétiqid

ib-hadiié l-iz&éaaya? 2 saziiz Did he actually

write this letter? saziiz kitab hal—maktuub?

acute - 1 zaadd He has acute dysentery ¢inda

dagantari zaadd, ~- This triangle has two acute

angles hal-muGalla@ bii saawiiteen zaadda

2 Sadiid If the pain becomes acute, call the

doctor %13a saar il-?’alam Sadiid xaabur tt—tabiidb

3 gawi* Dogs have an acute sense of smell

l-1tlaab fidha zaassat Samm gawiyya

ad ~ ?¿€laan pl -aat I'd like to put in an ad

?arttd anšur iélaan,

to adapt - 1 tkayyaƒ (a takayyuƒf) She adapts

easily to new social situations hiyya titkayyaf

tb~suhuulka fala l-zaala l-ijtimaaéiyya j-jidiida

2 tlaa?am (a talaa?um) This method will adapt

well to my purposes hat-tariiga titlaa?am zeen

wiyya ?agraasi 3 kayyaf (i takyiif) t- He

adapts himself easily

to add - 1 zaad (i zyaada) You'll have to add

some sugar yinraad-lak itziid iSwayyat Sakar

2 daaf (i ?tồaaƒa) n- I’ve nothing to add to

that ma—€indi sii %adiif il-haada 3 jimaé

(a 7am+€) n- Add up these figures ?ijmaé

addition - 1 jamiێ Is my addition correct?

saztiz? 2 mulzaq pl -aat

addition on that building da-yibdnuun mulzag

il-haadi l-binaaya 3 ziyaada The addition of

turpentine will thin the paint ziyaadt

tt-tarbanttin raz-itxaffif is—subug |

in addition -'maal-, foog- In addition he

asked for ten dollars &maala tulad €aš¿r

doolaaraat

in addition to - bil-idaafa €ala

his fixed salary he gets commissions

€ala mafaaSa yaaxud gqoomisyoon,

pamEt

They’ re building an

In addition to

bil-idaafa

additional - 1 %i3aafi* He gave me an additional

amount for incidentals ntaani fadd mablag idaafi

l-masaariif na@riyya (2 %agyad An additional

dollar gives you better quality fadd doolaar

azyad yintiitk noo€ ?agsan

Einwaan pl €anaawiin Send these books

dizz hal~kutub lLi-haada l—finwaan The President delivered an important address r-ra?iis alga xitaab muhimm

to address — ] €anwan (i) t- Address this

letter to the manager €anwin haada Ù—mak tuub

Lil-mudiir 2 xaatab (u muxaataba) How shall I

address him? loon axaatba? 3 wajjah (1 tawjiih)

t- I would like to address a question to the

speaker ?’az71bb awajjih su?aal Lil—mutakallim

adhesive tape — Sariit lizzeeg

address - l

to this address

2 xitaab pÌ -aat

adjective — sifa pl -aat

to adjoin - 1 zadd.(i.) My garden adjoins his

gadiigtt tzidd zadiiqta 2 jaawar (1 mujaawara)

Their garage adjoins the house garaajhum yjaawir

tì~beet

to adjourn ~ /aôô (u ƒaðŠ) n— He adjourned the

meeting huwwa fads il-ijtimaa€

to adjust ~ 1 ôubat (u ôabut) n- The mechanic

adjusted the carburetor l-miikaaniiki Šubat

il-kaabreeta 2 sazzaz (i tasziiz) t- The

manager will adjust your bill l-mudiir raz-

huwwa ykayyif nafsa b-suhuula

ysazztz qaa?imtak 3 E€addal (i ta€édiil) t-

adjusted her clothing €addilat ihduumha

4 kayyaf (i takyiif) t- I can’t adjust myself

to the climate here ma-agdar akayyif nafsi

lL-haj—jaww

She

adjustable — mitzarrik Is this seat adjustable?

haada l-magéad mitzarrtik?

to administer —- 1 daar (i

administering his estate?

2 sawwa (i) He showed

artificial respiration

tanaffus istinaaét

?tdaara) n—- Who's minu da—ydi1tr tarikaata?

us how he administers raawaana Sloon ysawwi

administration ~ ?idaara pl -aat

admiral - ’amiiraal pl -aat, —tyya

admiration ~ ?2Z7aab He got the admiration of all his friends naal i€jaab kull agdtqaa?a

to admire -— kaan mu€jab b- I admire her beauty

Paani mu€jab ib—jamaalha

**] admire your patience yiéjibni sabrak

admission - 1 duxuul How much is the admission? beeS id-duxuul? 2 qubuuik I have an appointment with the Director of Admissions €&indi mawfid wiyya

mudiitr il-quouul 3 €tiraaf pl -aat His

admission proved my innocence €tiraafa ?a6bat

baraa? tt

admission charge — ?ujrat duxuul There’s no ad- mission charge ma-aku ?ujrat duxuul

to admit - 1 daxxal (i tadxiil) t-, xasSas

(i tax$ii8) t- Give this card to the doorman and

he’ ll admit you inti hal-kart lil—bawwaad w-huwwa

ydaxxlak 2 gibal (a qubuul) n- We can’t admit

this type of student ma-nigdar nigqbal hiiti

tilmitd 3 garr (u ?igraar) b- The accused finally

admitted his guilt l-muttaham axiiran garr tb-ồanba 4 Etiraf (i Etiraaf) I admit I was

wrong ?a&tirif Cinit galtaan

to adopt ~ 1 tbanna (a tabanni) My friend has

adopted a small boy sadiigi tbanna ®alad isgayyir

2 €tinag (i Etinaag) They adopted Islam toward

the end of the first century €tingaw il-?islaam 1b—?awaaxir tl—garn il-?awwal 3 ttixad (1 ttixaad)

They adopted the measure unanimously ttixdaw

tl-garaar bil-?ijmaaé 4 ttibaé (i ttibaaé),

Better results could be obtained if we adopted this method nitwassal ?ila nataa?ij ?azsan ?tòa

ttibaéna hat—tariiga

adult - ¢ibiir pl kbaar There was milk for the

children and coffee for the adults €&aan aku zalitd Lis-sigaar w-gahwa 1il-tkbaar

advance - 1 tagaddum, taragqi Great advances have

been made in medicine during the last few years hwaaya tagaddum saar bit-tibb bis—siniin il-?axtira,

2 sulfa pl sulaf, Can you give me an advance?

tigdar tinttini sul fa? `

Let me know in advance

2 raffaé (i tarfiié) t- They just advanced him

to assistant manager tawwhum raffifoo 7ila mu€aawin mudiir —— He was advanced to chief clerk

traffaé %ila ra?iis kuttaadb 3 qaddam (+ taqditm)

t- They advanced the date of the lecture gaddmaw

taartix il-muzaasara 4 tqaddam (da taqaddum)

Our army advanced twenty miles jee§na tgaddam EiSriin miil 5 sallaf (i tasliif) The bank advanced him one thousand dinars l-bang sallafa

Palif ditnaar

This method has hat-tarttqa bitha

advantage = faa’?ida pl fawaa?id

advantages and disadvantages

fawaa?id wEtyuub

an advantage over - ?afdaliyya €ala Your technical education gives you an advantage over me

Gagaaftak il-fanniyya tintiik %afdaliyya €aLayya

to one’s advantage - l-maslazat ’azzad This is

to your advantage haada l—maslaztak

to take advantage of - 1 ntihaz (i ntihaaz) He takes advantage of.every opportunity yintihiz kull fursa 2 stigall (+ stiglaal) Don’t let people

advantageous - mufiid, naafié€

adventure -— muxaatara pl -aat, mujaazafa pl -aat,

mugaamara pl -aat

adverb - daruf pl duruuf

to advertise - €ilan (i 7i€laan) n- The store

advertised a sale l—maxzan &ilan tanatilaat

advertisement ~ ’i€laan pl -aat

advertising - difaaya, ?i€laan Our company spends

a lot on advertising Sarikatna tusruf thwaaya

Ead—di Eaaya

advice -— nasiiza My advice is that you leave

immediately nagitzti an itruuz zaalan

to ask advice -— staSaar (i stiSaara), tilab (u)

nasiiza I asked his advice stiSarta or tlabit

nasitzta,

to give advice - nisaz (a) n-, %inta (1 nati)

nasiiza It is hard to give advice in this matter

sa€ub waazid yinsaz ib-hal-mawduué or safub waazid

yinti nasiiza b-hal—mawduué

1 think it’s advisable

?ašuuƒ +—?a£qal mustazsan Would

ti€tigqid

advisable - 1 Jl-’a€qal

for you to stay home today

tibga bil-beet il-yoom 2

that be an advisable step to take?

hal-xatwa mustazsana?

to advise - nisaz (a) n-, Saar (1) n- caia What do

you advise me to do? §-tinsaznt ?asawwi?

adviser ~- 1 Legal adviser muSaawir €adl1 2 Polit-

ical adviser mustaSaar styaasi 3 Student

adviser murSid

advisory - stiSaari™

aerial - ’eeryal pl -aat The aerial on the radio

isn’t connected l-?eeryal maal ir—raadyo

ma-mittisil

aerial warfare - zorub jawwiyya

affair - l

affairs

?amur pl ?umuur I don’t meddle in his

ma-atdaxxal ib-?umuura 2 Sugul pl

?aSpaal That’s your affair haada Suglak ?inta

3 Sain pl Su?uun He handled the affairs of the

company badly daar Su?uun i§-Sarika b-suura

mxarubta 4 munaasaba pl ~aat Her party was a

real nice affair zaflatha Eaanat munaasaba Latitfa

jiddan 5 €alaaga pl -aat The cook had an

affair with the chauffeur t-tabbaaxa saar fidha

Ealaaqa (garaamiyya) wiyya s—saayiq

to affect - 1 %a06ar (i ta?Otir) €ala That damp

climate affected his health hadaak it-tagis

ir-ratib ?a0Gar €aLa si¿gta 2 tộaahar

(a tadachur) He has affected an Egyptian accent

yitSaahar €inda lakna misrtyya

to be affected — t?a0Gar (a ta?aGGur) b- His

vision was affected by his illness nắdara t?a6Gar

+b-maraịa

affected - 1 mitsannié She's terribly affected

hiyya kulliS mitsanniéa 2 mitkallif Is his

style in writing always that affected? ?isluuba

bil-kitaaba daa?iman hitli mitkalli f?

to afford — tmakkan (a tamakkun) We can’t afford to

buy a car ma-nitmakkan niStiri sayyaara or

**ma-?ilna gaabliyyat sayyaara

**I can’t afford that much

**You can afford to laugh

Lee& laa

haasa gaali €alayya

zaqqgak tidzak or 7218zak,

Afghanistan - ’afgaanistaan

to be afraid - x18a (a xiSya)

to rain %axSa raz—tumtur

to be afraid of ~ xaaf (a xoof) n— min

afraid of anyone ma~yxaaf min ?%azzad

I’m afraid its going

He’s not Africa - %afriigqya

African - ’afriigi® pl -iyytin

after - 1 ba€ad Can you call me after supper?

tigdar itxaaburni bắd il-€aSa? 2 wara He

arrived after me wisal waraaya 3 €ala Day

after day, his health is improving yoom €ala yoom

afternoon - €asriyya pl —aat

4 €ala ?a6ar After the death of my father, I had

to quit school fala ’aGar wafaat %abuuya Starreet abattil imnil—madrasa,

after all - 1 mahma ykuun Why shouldn’t I help him?

After all, he’s my friend lLuweeS ma-asaắda?

mahma ykuun huwwa sadiiqi 2 taaltiha You are right, after all taaliiha l-zaqq wiyyaak

after this - minnaa w-gaadi After this, please let us know in advance minnaa wfgaadi ?intiina

xabar li-giddaam

to be after - dawwar (u tadwiir) €ala The police have been after him for two weeks š-šur‡a

da—tdawwur &alee min muddat isbuuéeen

I would like to see you one afternoon yiéjibni ?aSuufak fadd Easriyya

in the afternoon — dbắd id—duhur, wara d-duhur, l-€asir I never drink coffee in the afternoon

Paani ?abad ma—aSrab gahwa wara d-duhur

this afternoon — l-yoom il—€asir Can you come this afternoon tigdar tiji il-yoom il-fasir?

We ate dinner and went to a movie afterwards tgaddeena w-bafdeen rizna

Lis—siinama

marra lux, marrt il-lux, marra Oaanya

I’1l tell him again raz-agul-la marra lux

2 min jiht il—lux Again, we should study the other proposal, too min jiht il-lux, hamm laazim nidrus 1l-iqtiraaz 16-Gaani 3 bắad He never made that mistake again huwwa ma—sawwa 51it tl-galta bafad

again and again — marra wara marra, yaama wyaama,

I warned him again and again zaddarta marra wara marra,

over and over again — marraat ihwaaya He tried

over and over again huwwa zaawal marraat ihwaaya then again - hammeen But then again, that’s not

always true Laakin hammeen, haada muu daa?iman

$azitz

b-saff Move this table over against

the wall zutt hal-meez ib-saff il-zaayit

2 Stdd We had to swim against the current

dtarreena nisbaz didd il-maay ——- He voted against

me huwwa sawwat diddi 3 €ala He was lean- ing against the house aan mintiti €aL—-beet

as against — mugaabil Fifty ships went through the canal as against thirty five last month xamstiin

saftina marrat imnil-qanaal mugaabil xamsa w-OlaaGiin b1§-Sahr 11l-faat

Eumur, sinn He’s about my age huxwa tagriiban ib-€umri or huwwa tagritban 1b-stinnt

2 €asir This is the atomic age haada fagr 10-darra,

im ages - min zamaan We haven’t seen them in

ages ma—Sifnaahum min zamaan

of age - baalig sinn ir-—ruSud He’1l come of age

next year razg-yiblug sinn ir-ruSud is—sana j-—jaaya

old age - kubur He died of old age maat

tmnil—kubur

to age - 1 Sayyab (1) He’s aged a great deal lately Sayyab ihwaaya bil~?ayyaam il-—?%axiira

2 E€&attag (1 ta€tiig) t- The brewery aged the beer

ninety days mắmal il—-biira €attag il-biira

tisếttn yoom 3 té&attag (a) They left the wine

to age for a number of years xallaw i§-Saraab

ytt€attaq fam sana

c wakaala Our company has an agency in Beirut Sarikatna €idha wakaala b-beeruut

2 daa?ira pl dawaa?ir; Government agencies sub- mit their budgets this month dawaa?ir il—zukuuma

yyaddimuun miizaaniyyaathum haS-Sahar

wakiil pl wukalaa’? Your agent called on

me yesterday waktilak jaani l-baarza 2 €amitl

pl €umalaa? He is said to be a communist agent lL-Saayi€ Eanna huwwa Eamiil Siyuu€i 3 mumaØ0iL

pl -tin The insurance company sent its agent to the accident site Sarikat it-ta?miin dazzat wakiilha l—mukaan il-zaadiO 4 stirri pl —iyytin

I think he’s a police agent %a€tigid huwwa strri mnig~Surta 5 Eaamil pl €awaamil This is a strong chemical agent hacia faamil kiimyaawi fắ€aal

alarm

to aggravate - 1 e2ahhag (1 tzthhig, tazhiig) t-

His bragging really aggravated me t-tabajjuz maala

gahhagni hwaaya 2 ?aasdm (+ ta?2itm) t— The

border incident aggravated the situation zaadi@

tỉừ-guduud ?azzam il-wadiE 3 zayyad (1 tazgyiid)

t- Scratching will aggravate the inflammation

l-zakk rag-yaayytd 1l-1tltihaab

aggravation - 1 %i2€aaj pl -aat Her nagging 1s a

source of constant aggravation ?1lzaazha masdar

iz€aajmustamirr 2 ta?azzum, tadahwur Any

aggravation of the situation may lead to war ?ay

ta?azzum bil-zaala yimkin y?addi ?ila zarub

ago - gabul I was there two months ago Ctint thnaak,

gabul Sahreen ;

a while ago — gabul mudda He left a while ago

raaz gabul mudda

agony - tmurmur, €aSaab I can’t bear this agony

ma-agdar atzammal hat—tumurmur

to agree - 1 ttifaqg (i ttifaaq) Their opinions

never agree ?araa?hum ?abad ma—tittsfrq

2 waafag (i muwaafaga) fala He agreed to buy the

radio waafag ala an yiStiri r-raadyo

to agree on — ttifag (i ttifaaq) €ala We’ ve

agreed on everything ?izgna ttifagna fala kull&t

to agree to - waafag (u muwaafaga) fala Do you

agree to these terms? twaafug €ala haš-šuruu‡?

to agree with - 1 ttifag (i ttifaagq) wiyya Do

you agree with me? tittifigq wiyyaaya? 2 Laa?dm

(i mulaa?ama) t-, waalam (i muwaalama) t- This

weather doesn’t agree with me at all haj-jauw

ma—ywaalimni ?abadan

agreeable - 1 samiz She has an agreeable dis-

position €idha fadd tabué samiz 2 maqbuul

These terms are not agreeable /AaS-—Suruut

ma—magqbuula

to be agreeable - waafag (u muwaafaqa) Is he

agreeable to that? huwwa ywaafug fala haasa?

agreement - 1 ttifaaqiyya pl -aat The agreement

has to be ratified by Parliament Jl-1ttifaaqiyya

laazim titsaddag min majlis il-umma 2 tttƒaaq

pl -gat The contract was extended by mutual

agreement l—-muqaawala tmaddidat b-ittifaag

it-tarafeen

to be in agreement - ttifag (i ttifaaq)

This is definitely not in agreement with the

original terms of the contract haata gatéiyyan

ma-yittifig wiyya Suruut 1l—muqaawala L-?asliyya

-— Are you in agreement with me? ?inta mitttfrq

wiyyaaya?

to come to an agreement — wusal (a wusuul) ?iba

ttifaag We came to an agreement on that point

wusalna ?ila ttifaag zawil haồitŠ in—nugta

agricultural - ziraaéi*

agriculture - ziraaéa Inquire at the Department of

Agriculture %is?al ib-wizaart iz-ziraaéa, ~~ There

isn’t much agriculture in this region ma-aku

hwaaya ziraaéa b-hal-—mantiqa

ahead - 1 mitgaddim He’s ahead of everybody in his

studies huwwa mitgaddim ala l-kull ib-diraasta

I’m way ahead in my work %aani hwaaya mitgaddim

ab-Sugli 2 gabul Are you next? No, he’s

ahead of me hassa siraak? laa, huwwa gabli

3 saabig, gaalub My horse was ahead during the

race zsaani aan gaalub wakt is—stbaagq

4 giddaam, ?amaam The soldiers marched ahead of

the sailors in the parade j-jinuud miSaw giddaam

tl-bazzaara bil-isti€raad

straight ahead - guba], €adil Go straight ahead

fuut gubal

to get ahead — tgaddam (a tagaddum) He doesn’t

seem to get ahead ma—da-ybayyin alee yi tqaddam

to go ahead - 1 miSa (i) b-faal™ Just go ahead,

don’t mind me ??mŠ: b—ƒaalLak ma-—Eleek minni

2 raaz (u) gabul You go ahead, I’11l follow you

later ruuz gabli, ?aani ?alizgak baédeen

3 stimarr (i stimraar), daawam (u mudaawama)

Just go ahead with your work, don’t let me stop you

r

stimirr 1b—Suglak, la—txalliini ?a€attlak

**Go ahead and take it! tfadSal ?uxuda

**Go ahead and tell him yalla, gul—-la or

ma-yxaalif, gul-la

aid —- 1 %iséaaf pl -aat I gave him first aid sawweet-la ?is€aaf ?awwali 2 musaa€ada That country received quite a bit of economic aid

had—dawla stilmat kammiyya kbiira mnil-musaafadaat tl-igttsaadiyya

to aid -— saaéad (i musaagada) t-, €aqudn (1 mu€aawana) t- Can I aid you in any way?

?agdar asaa€dak t+b—?ay tartiqa?

aide - 1 muraafig The British general and his aide went to Iraq l-janaraal il—bariitaani wemuraafga raazaw lil-€iraag 2 mufaawin pl

~iin, musaaéid pl -iin The minister consul ted his top aides l-waziir istaSaar ?akbar mufaawinit ailing — mariid, wajéaan She’s always ailing hiyya Gala tuul marizéa

aim —~ 1 gaaya pl ~aat, magsad pl magaasid, garas

pl ?agraas, hadaf pl ?ahdaaƒ His aim is to become a good doctor gaayta ysiir tabiib zeen

2 niis’aan pl nyaaSiin He took careful aim and fired ?axad niiSaan zeen w-dirad

to aim -~ 1 neeSan (1) He aimed at a

rabbit neeSan €ala ?arnab, 2 nuwa (i niyya) What do you aim to do this afternoon? &-—tinwi tsawwi hal-Easriyya? 3 wajjah (i tawjiih) t-

He aimed an insult at me wajjah masabba 7ili

**You’re aiming too high! ?inta da-tudrub

btl-faali or j-janna ?agrab or da-tutlub mutar

air - 1 hawa The air in this room is bad j—hama b-hal—gurfa muu zeen 2 jaww The meeting was surrounded by an air of mystery 1l-ijtimaaé šaan muzaat 1b-jaww gaamuds 3 jawwi* Send us a

letter by air mail dizze-inna maktuub bil—bariid

2 7— 1 G1001

**He’s continually putting on airs huwwa

daa’iman yitSaahar fala geer zaqgiiqta

to be on the air ~ daaé (i ?tôaa£€a) The

president will be on the air this evening r-ra%iis

rag-yồ¿t€ hal-leela

to air - 1 hawwa (i tahwiya) t- Would you

please air the room while I’m out? Parjuuk hawwi

L-gurfa Lamma ?akuun barra 2 Sarr (u Sarr) n-,

I have to air the blanket this morning laazgim

aSurr il—battaaniyya has-subuz

**Don’t air your personal problems in public

La-tifli€é in-naas €ala maSaaklak i&-Saxsiyya

air base ~ gaaéida (pl qawaafid) jawwiyya

aircraft carrier — zaamilat taa?iraat

airfield - mataar pl -aat Let’s meet at the air-

field xalli nitlaaga bil-mataar,

air force — qguwwa (pl —aat) jawwiyya

air line — xutuut jawwiyya, Sarikat tayaraan

air mail — bariid jawwi Send the package by air mail digg ir—ruama bil—bariid ij—jauet

airplane - tiyyaara pl -aat How long does it take

by airplane? Sgadd ytawwul bit-tiyyaara?

airport — mataar pl -aat

air raid — gaara (pl -aat) jawwiyya

air sick - **He gets air sick every time he flies

tilizma s-sufra kull-ma yttir

aisle — mamSa pl mamaaSi, mamarr pl -aat He had to stand in the aisle Starr yoogaf bil-—mamSa

ajar -— mafkuuk Swayya The door was ajar l-baabd

Caanat mafkuuka Swayya

alarm - 1 jaras ?indaar Who turned in the alarm? minu dagg jaras il-?indaar? 2 xoof She was full

of alarm Eaanat kullha xooƒ 3 munabbih pl -aat Set the alarm for six ?unsud il-munabbih

€as—saafa sitta

to alarm - 1 xarraé (i taxrii€é) t-, fazzaz

(i tafgiiz) t- Her screams alarmed the whole building €yaatha xarraé kull il—binaaya

2 SawwasS (i taSwiiS) t- The news report alarmed

album

me n-naSra l-ixbaariyya SawwiSatni

to be alarmed — xtiraé(i) Don’t be alarmed!

La-ttxttrt€

alarm clock - saaéa (pl -aat) munabbiha I

bought myself a new alarm clock yesterday

Stireet-l1 saa€a munabbtha jidiida l-—bdaarza

album - ?alboom pl -aat He gave me a photograph

album ntaani ?alboom tasaawiir

alcohol - kuzuul, spiirtu The medicine has alcohol

in it d-dawa bii kuzuul -~ She started the fire

with alcohol Si€alat in-naar bil-ispiirtu

Aleppo - zalab

alert - 1 mityaqgid, mitnabbih He’s an alert

fellow huwwa fadd waazid mt tyaqqid

on alert — tazt 1l-?indaar The defense minister

put the army on alert waziir id-difaaé xalla

g-jees tazt il-?indaar

to be on the alert - twagqaé (a tawagqé), tzadsdar

(a tazaddur) Be on the alert for a call from me

tuaq qa€ nidaa’ minnt

to alert - zadsdar (i tazdiir) t-

about the coming of a storm

€aast fa

Alexandria ~ l-iskandariyya

Algeria - l-jazaa?ir

Algerian - jazaa?iri*

Algiers — madiinat il—jazaa?ir

alien - (m.) mugiim ?ajnabi pl muqiimiin ?ajaanib

(f.) mugiima ajnabiyya pl mugiimaat ?ajnaabiyyaat

alike - 1 fadd 8ikil, fadd 831i These tables are

all alike hal-imyuuza kullha fadd Sikil, 2 suwa

We treat all customers alike °’izna n€éaamil kull

tl-ma€aamii1l suwa

alive - 1 zayy, €adil, tayyib This fish is still

alive has-siméa li-hassa zayya

**The atmosphere was alive with tension

Éaan maSzuun bt t-tawattur

**This marsh is alive with snakes

zayaaya,

to be alive with - 27? (2) The pantry is alive

with ants Ll-kilar y€i7 bin—namil

to keep alive - 1 5all (a) fayyid It’s a wonder

they kept alive l—mu€éjiza dallaw tayybiin

2 buga (a baqaa?) €aay¿š How can you keep alive

on this salary? Sloon tigdar tibga &aayis

tbò-hal-ma€aaš? 3 xaLlLa (+) €aay¿š The doctor

kept him alive for two weeks t-tabiib xallaa

Eaayt§ 1tsbuu€een

all - 1 kull Did you all go? kullkum riztu? ——

This will upset all my plans haaòa rag-yxarbut-

kull maSaariiéi The bread’s all gone l-xubuz

kulla xilas 2 tuul I’ve been waiting al] day

saar—-li da-antidir tuul in-nahaar 3 jamii€é

He took a vote of all the officers %axao aswaat

gam11€ 1$-Sabbaat

**That’s all haada huwwa

**Tf that’s all there is to it, I’ll do it ’tda

b-has—suhuula, raz-asawwitha or ?13a hi1t&i sahla,

raz—asawwitha

**The captain’s all for starting now

yfassil nibdt hassa

**He isn’t all there huwwa maSxuut

all along - €ala tuul, daa?iman We've suspected

him all along %izna €ala tuul Cinna nSukk dit

all hours - ?ay wakit He comes home to lunch at

all hours ytji lil-bveet yitgadda ?ay wakit faan

all in - talfaan The kids are all in from play-

ing j-jahhaal talfaaniin imnil-Li€ib

all in all - š¿¿ €ala Sii All in all, the movie

was good $11 €ala Sit, l-filim Eaan zeen

all of a sudden - fala gafla All of a sudden it

got dark saarat salma €ala gafla

all over = kull makaan They came from all over

?t7aw min kull makaan -— He traveled all over the

country saafar il—-kull makaan bil-balad 2 kull

He trembled all over from fright rijaf kulla

mntl-xoof He has pimples all over his face €1nda

danaabil ib-kull wijja 3 min jidiitd You have

to do it all over lLaazim itsawwitha min jiditd

**He came back after the war was all over rijaé

bafad—ma ntthat il~zarub

all right ~ 1 tamaam, maa$i Is everything all

right? kullSi maaSi? or kull&Si tamaam? I'd

like to go, all right, but it’s impossible tamaam

aritd aruuz, bass haada mustaziil ~~ He knows why,

all right huwwa tamaam yufruf luweeS or huwwa zeen

yu€ruf luweeS 2 tayyib, zeen All right, I’1ll

do it tayyib, raz-asawwitha or geen, raz-asawwiitha

**Is that all right with you? ma—€indak maanié?

all set - gaadir, mitzaddir We were all set to

leave Cinna mitzadbriin inruuz

all the better — baéad azsan If that is so, all the better loo hit&i, ba€ad azsan

all the same - 1 fadd $11, nafs 1§-Sii That’s

all the same to me kullha fadd $11 bin-nisba ?tÌt

2 walaw, mafa haaồa, fala kull zaal All the

same, you didn’t have to do it walaw, ma—faan

at all ~ °’abad, ?abadan, bil-marra, ?aslan He

has no patience at all maa €inda sabur ?abadan

in all ~ kull 6il-kull How many are there in

all? Sgadd ?aku kull bil—kull?

Allah - ?alla

alley - darbuuna pl daraabiin, fagid pl Eguud

alliance — zilif pl ?azlaaf The two countries

formed an alliance d-—dawilteen Sakklaw zilif

simaz (a samaaz) n- He won’t allow ma—yismaz 1b—-haada ~— He doesn’t allow him- self a minute’s rest ma—yismaz in-nafsa wala dagiiga raazga 2 zgtsab (t zsaab) nà How much will you allow me for my old car? beeS raz—tizsib sayyaartt Ì-€atttga? 3 xalla (1) t- How much

should I allow for traveling expenses? Sgadd laazgim

axallt l~masaariif is-safar? 4 raxxas (a tarxtis)

t- They’re not allowed to sell beer after midnight

ma—mraxxastin ybitéuun bitra ba€ad nuss il-leel

xarjityya pl -aat Do you give your

tintt L-~?ibnak xarjtyya?

2 muxassasaat In addition to the regular salary,

there is a cost of living allowance bil-?idaafa

?từa r-raatib 1l-if€tiyaadi %aku muxassasaat galaa? +Ù-ma€ttša

to make allowance for - z1sab (1) zgsaab l-

got to make allowance for his inexperience

trzstb tzsaab 1l-qillat xibirta

They are our allies

that

son an allowance?

You ve laazim

humma gulafaa?na

to ally oneself ~ tzaalaf (a tazaaluf) They

allied themselves with a neighboring country

tzaalfaw wiyya fadd dawla mujaawira

almond - looza pl -aat coll looz

almost - 1 tagritban I’m almost finished ?aant tagritban xallasit 2.: €ala waSak We were almost

ready to surrender inna €ala waSak insallim

3 ?1lla Swayya The glass almost broke when ÏI dropped it Jl-iglaas inkisar ?illa Swayya min

waggaeéta

alms — sadaga pl —aat

alone - I wazid Do you live alone? ttiskun wazdak?

2 bass You alone can help me bass ?inta tigdar

+tsaa€tdnt

all alone — waziid He seems to be all alone in the world ybayyin waztid bid-—dinya

to leave alone — jaaz (u) n—- min, faaf (u)

the radio alone! juuz imnir-raadyo or €uuf tr—raadyo

Leave

wiyya Do you want to come along with me? trtid t1j1i wiyyaaya? ~— How much baggage should

I take along Sgadd garaad laazim aaxud wiyyaaya

2 b-muzaasaat, wiyya We walked along the rail-

road tracks mSeena b-muzaadaat sit&at 1l-qitaar

3 €ala tuul, b-jaanib, b-saff We have flowers

planted along the walk €idna ?awraad mazruu€éa €ala

tuul 1l-mamSa 4 b~saff, wiyya He parked his car along the wall waggaf sayyaarta b-saff tl-zgaaytt 5 zibla My wife is four months along marti ?arbaét tšhur ;tibla

all along - 1 daa?iman I said so all along

Cinit daa?iman aguul haada 2 fala tuul We saw

rabbits all along the road Sifna ?araantb €aÌa

tuul tt-tartig

alphabet ~ ’aliif baa?, %aliif bee

alphabetical - zasad il~?aliif bee

already - 1 gabul Haven’t you been through this

Pinta ma—Cinit 1b-has-sira gabul?

2 no equivalent They had already left when we

arrived Caanaw raayziin lLamma wsalna I’ve eaten

already °’aani maakil ~- It’s already time to eat saar wakt 11l-?akil So you’1l already be there by

the time I arrive? laéad raz-itkuun ihnaak ib-wakt

line already?

angry

tl-?00sal?

also — hamm, hammeen, ?ay5an We also discussed the

test w-hammeen ibza@na l-imttizaan

altar - mizraab pl mazaariib (mosque), madbaz pl

madaabiz (church or temple)

to alter — baddal (i tabdiil) t- b-, gayyar (i tagyiir)

t- b-, €addal (i ta€diil) t-, sallaz (1 tasliiz) t-

The tailor is going to alter my suit Jl~xayyaat

raz-ybaddil 1b-gaati

alteration - taédiil pl -aat,

tagytir pl -aat, tasliiz pl -aat The alterations

are free t-—taédiilaat ib-balaag We’ll have to

make a few alterations in the text of the speech

laagim insawwi Swayya tagyitraat ib-nass 1l-x1taab

alternative —- 1 xtyaar They left us no alternative

ma—tirkoo-nna xtyaar 2 Gaara You'll have to

There’s no alternative laazgim itruuz ma-aku

tabdiil pl -aat,

go

faara 3 peer I don’t see any alternative

solution ma-da~-aSuuf geer zall

although - walaw I’11 be there, although I have very

little time raz-akuun ihnaak, walaw wakti kull1z§

dayytgq

altitude - rtifaaé pl -aat, ilu

flying at a very high altitude

taayra €ala rtifaaé Eaalt

altogether - 1 Sii €ala Sit, kull bil-kull,

bil-majmuuێ Altogether there are thirty books

kull bil—kull ?aku QlaaGiin iktaab 2 b-suura

€aamma Altogether, this plan is good 6-suura

Eaamma hal~xutta zeena 3 bil-marra, fadd marra

These prices are altogether too high hal-?as€aar

Eaalya bil-marra 4 tamaaman You're altogether

right ?inta saziiz tamaaman

aluminum — faafoon, ®altminyoom

always — daa?iman, €ala tuul I’m always at home

Paani daa?iman bil—beet — She’s always been rich

hiyya €aanat zgangiina fala tuul or **tuul Eumurha

Caanat zangiina

amateur - haawi pl Auwaat For an amateur he paints

quite well ka-haawt yirsim kulli& zeen

to amaze — €ajjab (i taéjiib) t- He amazed us with

his magic tricks €ajjabna b-?al€aaba s—stezrtyya

to be amazed - stagrab (1 stigraab) I was amazed

at his lack of concern stagrabit min adam

thttmaama

amazing ~— €aj1ib, mudhtš

ambassador —- saftir pl sufaraa?

ambulance - sayyaarat ?iséaaf This man is hurt!

Call an ambulance! shar-r1jjaal mit€awwir! xaabur

€ala sayyaarat ?1s€aaf!

ambush - kamiin pl -aat

The plane was

t~ttyyaara Eaanat

He has no ambition ma—€tnda

They set up an ambush for

him nisboo-la kamtin

to be ambushed — wigaé (a wuguué) b-kamiin The

patrol was ambushed outside the village d—dawriyya

wigéat 1b-kamiin xaarijz 1l-garya

**They ambushed the caravan hijmaw €al-—qaafila

€ala gafla

America — ?ameerka, ?amriika

American — ?ameerki, * ?amriiki, * ?amritkaani*™ pl

?amritkaan

Amman — €ammaan

ammunition — ¢itaad, saxitra, muuna

amnesia — daa? in—nisyaan, marad in—nisyaan

amnesty — €afu faamm

among - 1 been You’re among friends ?inta been

?asdtgaa? ——- Look among the papers! baawté& been

tl-warag 2 beenaat, been We decided it among

ourselves garrarna beenaatna ~— There were many

nice people among them Caan ?aku beenaathum xoos

awaadim ihwaaya 3 mtn He’s popular among most

of the people huwwa mazbuub min akGar in-naas

4 €ala Pass the leaflets out among the crowd

wazztE il-manaaSiir €al-zaatriin 5 wityya, been,

b-nuss He lived four years among the Bedouins

€aaŠš ?arbaé isniin wiyya l—badu

among other things -— min jumlat il-?aSyaa?, min

dimn 11-?aSyaa? Among other things he collects

stamps min jumlat il-?aSyaa? yjammié tawaabié

amount - 1 mablag pl mabaalig Write a check for

the full amount %iktib fakk bil—mablag kulla

2 kammiyya pl -—aat, miqdaar pl migqaadiir We

bought a large amount of coffee Stireena kammiyya

kabiira mnil—gahwa 3 majmuu€ pl majaamiié

Add up these numbers and tell me the amount ?ijmaé

hal—?argaam wgul—li bil~majmuué

to amount to — 1 sawwa (1), saar (1) How much does the bill amount to? Sgadd itsawwi l-gaa?ima?

2 suwa (a) He doesn’t amount to much huwwa ma—yiswa tt

to amputate — bitar (i batir) n-, gass (u gass) n-, gtta€ (a gati€) n— The doctor amputated his leg t-tabiib bitar rijla

amulet -— ziriz pl guruue

to amuse — l wannas (1) t-

haasa ywannisnit hwaaya 2 lJlahha (i) t-, salla

(1 tasliya) t- He amuses himself by reading

ylahhi nafsa bil-igraaya 3 dazzak (1 tadziik)

t- The comedian amused the audience l-hazali

dazzak il-zaadriin

amusement — tasliya, lahu, winsa He paints for

amusement only yirsim lit-tasliya fagat

amusement tax — Sariibat malaahi

amusing — mumti€é [I read an amusing article in the

paper today greet magaal mumtié bij-jariida Lk~yoom

anarchist — fawdawi pl —iyyiin

anarchy -— fawdawiyya

analogous - mSaabih, mmaaGil

analogy — tamaaGul, taSaabuh

analysis - tazliil pl -aat

analysis during class

wakt id-daris

to analyze - zallal (i tazliil) t-

analyze the problem ?awwal S11,

anatomical ~— taSriizi*

anatomy - 1 €&ilm it—taSriiz He studies anatomy at Cairo University ytdrus €ilm it-taSriiz

tb-jaamifat il-qaahira 2 tarkiib jismi We

dissected the rabbit and studied its anatomy

Sarrazna l-?arnab w-dirasna tarkitba j~jismt

ancestor - jidd pl %ajdaad, salaf pl ?aslaaf

anchor - ’angar pl ’anaagir The boat lost its

anchor in the storm ðga€ ?anpar il-markab b1l—-€aasifa

That amuses me very much

They made a chemical sawwaw tazliil kitimyaawt

First of all,

zallil tl—muSkila

**Our boat lay at anchor in the harbor markabna

€aan raasi bil-miinaa?

to drop anchor - Sabb (1 dabb) n- ?angar The ship dropped anchor in the bay l-baaxira šabbat

?angar b1il-xaliij

to weigh anchor - Saal (i Seel) n— il-?angar,

rufa€ (a rafu€) n— 1l-?angar, jarr (u jarr) n- 1l-?angar We weighed anchor after the storm passed Stlna l-?angar baféad-ma marrat il-faasifa

to anchor - l risa (it rasu) n- They anchored the ship out in the bay risaw il-baaxira bil-xalitj

2 Gabbat (i ta@bitt) t- They anchored the tele- phone pole in cement Gabbitaw famuud it-talafoon b1é-Erbeentu

**He stood there as 1f he were anchored to the

spot wugaf fabaalak 1tmbasmar 10-mukaana

ancient - 1 gadiim pl qgudamaa? This is the palace

of the ancient kings of Babylon haaéa gasir miluuk

baabil il-qudamaa? 2 gadtim, €atiig Why did you invest so much money in that ancient building?

LeeS zatteet halgadd ifluus €ala 511& 11—binaaya

l-€atit ga? -~ I’m very much interested in ancient statues ?aani kulliS muulaé b1t-tamaaGiil tl-qadiima

and ~ w They sell books and stationery yb1t1Euun

angel — malak, malaak pl malaa?ika

anger — gadab, zaéal In his anger, he said a lot of things he didn’t mean b-gadaba, gaal ihwaaya

?ašyaa?” ma-ytqsudha

to anger - 1 2i€al (a zaéal), gidab (a gaồab)

He doesn’t anger easily ma-yizéal bil-€ajal

2 za€€al (+ taa€tiÌL) t-, agdab (1 %igdsaab)

remarks angered me zfaayaata zaé&alatnt

angle - 1 zaawiya pl zawaaya Measure each angle

of the triangle gtis kull zaawiya min zawaaya l-muGallaG 2 wijith pl wujuuh, naaziya pl

nawaazi We considered the matter from all angles

bga0na l—-mawduu€ min kull il-wujuuh —-

angry - zaélaan, gadbaan I haven’t seen him angry

very often ma-š:ƒta 2aflaan %illa galiil

to be angry - zi€al (a zagéil), gisab (a gasab) Please don’t be angry with me! %arjuuk la-tizéal

or w?ila

?aritd

His

animal

minni Are you angry at him? ?inta zaélaan

falee? or ?inta gadbaan €alee?

to make angry - zaé&al (1 taz€&iil), gaddab

(1 tag$iib) That remark must have made him very

angry hal-mulaazada laazim thuaaya za€€Lata

animal — zaywaan pl -aat Don’t feed the animals

La-t?akkil 1l-zaywaanaat

Ankara ~ ?angara

ankle ~— mafsal qadam

anniversary -— d5ikra sanawtyya

the anniversary of its foundation

1b-3tkraa s-sanawiyya l-ta?sitsa

to announce —- 1 daaé (i ?1$aaéa) They announced

the results on the radio %daafaw in—-nataa?1j

bir-raadyo 2 €ilan (1 ?1€laan) They announced

their engagement last night €&zlnaw xutbathum

tl-baarza bil-leel

announcement - 1 bayaan pl -aat The government

issued an announcement on their new policy

l-zukuuma ?asdirat bayaan fan siyaasatha j-j1dtida

2 %1€laan pl ~aat An announcement of their

engagement was in the paper last night ?1&laan

xutbathum Eaan 61j-jariida l—baarza b1l—leel

announcer -— mudité pl -tin The announcer has a

pleasant voice l-mud11€ Einda soot zilu

to annoy - 21€aj (i ?1z2€aajz) n—-, ?az€aj (1 %i2€aaz),

dawmwaj (7 tadwiiz) t- He annoyed me all morning

?az€ajnt tuul 1s—subuz

to get annoyed - nzi€éaj (i ?inzgi€aaj), Saaj

The bank is celebrating

another ~ 1 Jlaax (f.) lux (pÌ.) luxra, @aani (f.)

Gaanya Give me another cup of coffee please

ntiini finjaan gahwa laax rajaa?an 2 eer,

6aant Show me another pattern raawtini geer

tufsaal 3 ba€ad JI don’t want to hear another

word about it ma-ard asma€ št ma ba€ad €anha

one another ~ 1 waazid €ai~laax We depend on

one another niétimid waazid €al-laax 2 waazid

wiyya l-laax Those two are always fighting with

one another haÌ~-+0neen yit€aarkuun waazid wiyya

l-lLaax €ala tuul 3 waazid b1l-laax They don’t

trust one another ma-y@iquun waazid b1l—Laax

answer - 1 jawaab pl ?ajwiba I’m waiting for an

answer to my letter da~—antidir jawaab il-maktuubt

2 gall pl gluul How did you arrive at this

answer? Sloon 1ttwassalit il-hal-zall

to answer — jaawab (i mujaawaba) t-, radd (1 radd)

n- He answered my question without any hesitation

jaawab €ala ?as?ilti biduun taraddud

ant - namla pl -aat coll namil

antelope - gazaal pl gizlaan

antenna — ’eeryal pl -aat

anthem — naSitid pl ?anaaSiid They played the

national anthem before the game started fiz2faw

in-naSiid il-watanit gabul-ma yibda? i1l-lié1b

antic - tahriij pl -aat His antics were very

amusing tahriijaata Caanat ihwaaya t$azztk

to anticipate — twaggaé (a tawagqué) The attendance

was larger than we had anticipated Jl-zaadriin

faanaw ?azyad min—ma twaqqaéna

antidote — duwa (Sidd it-tasammum)

antidote for arsenic poisoning?

it-tasammum imnia—zarnitx?

Antioch — ’antaakya

antique - 1 €antiik He bought a very expensive

antique watch Stira saaéa €antiika kullis gaalya

2 gadiim We visited some antique ruins yesterday

girna baéad il—-?aa0aar 1l-qadtima l—baarza

anxiety - galaq

anxious ~ galiq

waiting for their return

galga b-intidaar rujuuchum

to be anxious - 1 mitzammis, muStaaqg I’m

anxious to see the new book ?aant mitzammis aSuuf

l-iktaab ij-jidiid 2 gqaliqg He’s very anxious

about his future huwwa galiq €ala mustagqbala

anxiously - b-i:Stiyaag They waited anxiously about

an hour until the news came in dallaw yintadruun

b~tšttyaaq zawaali saaéa ?ila ?an wuslat l-axbaar

any - 1 ay Did you find any books there? ligeet

Pay kutub ihnaak? —- Any mechanic can fix that

Pay mitkaantiki yigdar ysalliz haada 2 tt

Don’t eat any of it la-taakul $11 minna

not any — ma— kull, ma— ?ay

isn’t any bread ma-aku kull xubuz

anybody - 1 ’azzad Was anybody at home?

What is the Sinu d-duwa ¿dd

We spent several anxious minutes

gseena &iddat dagaayiq

anything - °ay $11, fadd §i1, $11 Is there anything for me here? ?aku ?ay Sii 7111 hnaa? —- Did he say

anything? gaal §11? or gaal fadd $11?

**T wouldn’t do that for anything

haaca mahma Eaan

**T was anything but pleased with his work

ma—Cintt mirtaaz min €amala ?abadan

anything but — kull&i bass You can do anything ©

but that £:gdar itsawwi kull $i bass haaéa

anyway - €ala kull zaal She didn’t want to come anyway ma-raadat tijt €ala kull zaal —— I didn’t

go anyway ma-rizit €ala kull zaal

anywhere - 1 fadd mukaan, fadd mazall Are you going anywhere today? raayiz ƒadd mukaan il-yoom?

2 ween-ma Anywhere you look there’s dust

ween—ma tbhaawié ?aku &ajaa7

not anywhere — ma ay makaan, mazall I couldn’t find him anywhere

?algaa b-?ay mukaan

**That won’t get you anywhere

ttwasslak 1l-fadd nati1ja

apart - 1 mfassix Is my watch still apart?

saafati li-hassa mfassixa? 2 miftiriqg They were apart for two weeks €aanaw miftirgiin tl—muddat tsbuu€een 3 minfasil They’ve been living apart since their quarrel Caanaw faaySiin minfasliin

min wakt 1€raakhum 4 €ala zida lLet’s consider

each argument apart from the others xal-nundSur tb-kull zijja €ala ;tda fan il-zijaj il-uxra

**The two buses will leave five minutes apart

l-paaseen yitlaéuun xamas dagaayig waazid wara L~-taax

apart from this - ma—fada haay Apart from this,

he’s a good man ma~&ada haay, huwwa xooS rijjaal apartment ~ 5igga pl siqag, ?apartmaan pl -aat

We’ re looking for an apartment da—ndawwir €ala

Štqqa

apartment house - ¢imaara (pl -aat) lis—sukna

They’re building an apartment house on our street

da~yibnuun €imaara lis—sukna b-—Saariéna

ape ~ Saadi pl Swaadi, qird pl giruud We saw an ape at the zoo Sifna fadd Saadi b-zadiigt 1l-zaywaanaat

apiece — kull waazid, kullman

earned six dollars apiece

kull maagtd sttt doolaaraat

to apologize -— tilab (u talab) il-€éafu, €&tidar

(1 €tidaar), t€aòềar (a ta€aồềur) I apologize

?atlub il-€afu or ?aani 7a€tidir

to apologize to - téadSar (a) min, %ila, &tidar (i) min, ?1la Did you apologize to her? €tidarit

?ilha?P apology - étidaar pl -aat, ta€adSur pl ~aat

apostrophe - €alaamat (pl ~—aat) ixtisaar, €alaamat (pl -aat) tdaafa

apostle — rasuul pl rusul, apostolic - rasuuli*

Apostolic Legation?

r-rasuultyya

apparatus - jthaaz pl %ajhiza

apparent -— mbayyin, daahir, waasiz It’s apparent that he didn’t understand the question mbayyin ma—ftiham 1ts—su?aal

apparently - fala-ma yishar, zasab—ma yidhar

apparently changed his mind

to appeal - 1 €ijab (i %1€jaab) It doesn’t appeal to me ma-tiéjibni 2 twassal

(a tawassul) He appealed to the president to

ma—-nigdar infayyin

ma—asawwt

ma ?ay ma—gidartt haadt maraz—

My brother and I

?aant w-axuuya zassalna

zawaart pl —ityyiin

Could you direct me to the

tigdar iddalliini €al-qasaada

He has

fala—ma yidhar gayyar

pardon his son twassal imnir-—ra?iis yi€fi Can

9ibna 3 sta?naf (i sti?naaf) The lawyer

decided to appeal the case Jl-muzaami qarrar

yista?nif id-daéwa 4 stanjad (4 stinjaad),

stigaa@ (i stigaaGa) During the flood, the country

appealed for help from the neighboring countries

b-wakt il-fayastaan, il—balad istanjad musaafada

mnil—bilaad il—mujaawtra

to appear - 1 bayyan (i tbhiyyin) t- He appeared

at the last moment bayyan ib-?aaxir Lagồa

2 tilaé (a tuluué) n- This paper appears every

Thursday haj-jariida titlaé kull xamits 3 Sthar

(a duhuur) n- A ship appeared on the horizon

fadd sifiina dihrat €al-?ufug

appearance ~ 1 duhuur pl dawaahir It’s his first

appearance on the stage haada ?awwal Suhuura

Eal-masraz 2 madhar pl madaahir You have to

pay more attention to your appearance Laazim

tihtamm ib-masharak ?azyad —— Appearances are

deceiving l-maSaahir xaddaa€a

appendicitis -— Ltihaab il-musraan l-aéwar, Ltihaab

ta-zaa?t+da d~-dwudtyya -

appendix - 1 2-zaa?ida d-duudiyya, Ù-masraan

l-a€war They took his appendix out when he was

five years old gassoo-la 2-zaa?ida d-duudiyya min

Eaan €umra xams isniin 2 mulzaq pl mulaazig

Perhaps it’s in the appendix ytmkin haada

bil—mulzaq

appetite ~ 1 Sahiyya pl -aat Our boy has a good

appetite Vibinna finda Sahiyya zeena 2 ragba

pl -aat He has a tremendous appetite for know-

ledge €inda hwaaya ragba b1l—&ilim

appetizer — muSahhi pl ~—yaat

appetizing — musahhi*

to applaude - saffag (u tasfiig, tsuffug) t- We

applauded heartily saffagna min kull galubna

applause - tasfiig, tsuffug They met him with

applause stagbiloo bit—-tasfitg

apple - tiffaaza pl -aat coll ttffaaz

appliance - jihaag pl ?ajhiza We carry all kinds of

electrical appliances nit€éaata jamii€ il-—?ajhiza

l-kahrabaa?iyya -— This place sells household

appliances hal-mazall ybiit& ?ajhiza beettyya

application - 1 stimaara pl -aat Fill in this

application and forward it to the university ?tmlt

hal-istimaara w—diazha Llij~jaami€éa 2 €ariida pl

€araayiồ He forwarded his application to the

manager qaddam €ariidsta lil-mudiir 3 tatbirq

pl -aat The application of his theory wasn’t

practical tatbiig nadariita ma—taan Eamalt

4 talab pl -aat His application was rejected

talaba nrufaộ 5 gaat pl qoo‡, tabaga pl -aat

You’ 11 have to give it another application after

this coat dries laagim tudrubha qaat laax bafad—ma

yeebis hal-qaat

to apply - 1 qaddam (i taqdiim) t-

apply for the job ?az2bb aqadd+m

2 tabbag (i tatbtiq) t- You've

incorrectly tabbagit hal-qaaéida galat 3 zatt

(u zatt) n-, sta€mal (i stiémaal) Apply a hot com-

press every two hours zutt Samaada zaarra kull

saa€teen I had to apply all my strength

Starreet- azgutt kull quuti 4 ftilab (u talab) n-

My father applied for a loan abuuya tilab deen

5 zatt (wu zatt) n-, xalla (1 txilli) t- She

applied another coat of polish to her fingernails

I’d like to

Eal—waditfa

applied this rule

zattat gaat subug Gaani €ala ?aồaaƒfirha 6 Simal

(i Sumuul) n-, ntubag (u ntibaag) fala, sira

(i saryaan) This order applies to everybody

hal—?amur yiSsmil 11l-kull

to apply oneself - bidal (i badil) n— jahid He's

smart but he doesn’t apply himself huuwa Saatir

Laakin ma—-yibdil jahda

to appoint — fayyan (i ta€yiin) t— The ministry

appointed five new engineers Jl—wuzaara Eayyinat

xamis muhandisiin jiddad

appointment - 1 taéyiin pl -aat Congratulations

on your appointment t-tahaani fala ta€ytinak

2 mawéid pl mawaaéiid I had to cancel all

appointments for tomorrow dtarreet algi kull

il-mawaaéiid maal baatir., -~ I have an appointment

with him €&tndi maw&id wiyyaa

to make an appointment — twaaéad (a twaatud) I

made an appointment with Ali for five-o-clock

twaa€adit wiyya €ali s-saafa xamsa

appraisal - tagdiir pl -aat, taOmiin pl -aat A

careful appraisal of the property showed that

taqdiir il-muluk ib-suura daqitga bayyan an

to appraise - 1 zallal (i tazlitl) t- We want you

to appraise the situation and give us your opinion

Arabic nriidak itzallil il-wasié wtintiina ra?yak

2 gaddar (1 tagdiir) t-, Oamman (1 taOmiin) t-

A broker’s coming to appraise the house fadd

dallaal raz-yiji yqaddir 1l—beet

to appreciate - 1 Eaan (u) mimtann, mannuun

appreciate it, if you could come %akuun mamnuun

?1da tigdar tijit 2 gaddar (i taqdiir) t- She doesn’t appreciate what we’ ve done for her

ma—da~tgaddir ill1 sawweena—lh-tyyaa He doesn’t

appreciate good music ma-yqgaddir 1l-muusitga r-raaqgya 3 €Eiraf (u) n- I quite appreciate that

it can’t be done overnight ”?a€ruƒ zeen haasa

ma—yimkin yixlas 1b-fadd yoom

appreciation — tagdtir pl —aat [I don’t expect any

appreciation ma—atwagqaé ay taqdiir —— She has

no appreciation for art ma—€idha taqdiir lil—fann appreciative — mamnuun He doesn’t seem very

appreciative ybayyin €alee muu mamnuun

apprentice — saanié pl sunnaaé (tazt it-tadriib),

Eaamtil pl €ummaaL (tayt tt—tadrttb)

approach - 1 madxal pl madaaxil They’re repair- ing the approaches to the bridge da-ysallzuun madaaxtl ij-jisir 2 tariiga pl turug Am I using the right approach? da-astaémil it—tariigqa S—-Saÿg12za?

to approach - 1 tgarrab (a tagarrub)

approached the enemy’s camp cautiously

min mu€askar il—faduww ib-zadar 2

(t mufaataza) t-

I would

They

tgarr baw faataz

I’m going to approach my boss

about a raise raz-afattiz ir—ra?iis maali

bit-tarfité 3 E€aalaj: (i mu€aalaja) t-

would you approach the problem?

.+ Ù-muškt+ La?

appropriate = munaasib, mlaa?im, laayig This gift is

very appropriate haadi l—-hadiyya kulli& munaasiba

to appropriate - 1 stawla (i stiilaa?) My son has appropriated all my ties %1bni stawla €ala kull ?arbitti 2 xassas (1 taxsiis) t- The city has appropriated fifty thousand dinars to build a new library Jl—baladiyya xassisat xamsiin ?alif

diinaar il-—binaayat maktaba jdtida

approval - muwaafaga, musaadaga You'll have to get his approval on it laagim taaxud muwaafagta

€aleeha

**This color will not meet her approval

ma-raz—itwaafig €ala hal—loon

on approval — €ala Sart 1l-muwaafagqa

me the book on approval

Sart 1l-muwaafaqa

to approve ~ 1 waafaq (u muwaafaga) t- Do you

approve of my suggestion? twaafug fala qtiraazi? He doesn’t approve of his son staying out late

at night ma-ywaafug fala ?%ibna yit?axxar bil-leel

2 saadag (i musaadaga) t-, waafag (u muwaafaga) t- The president approved the housing project

r-ra?tis saadag €ala maSruué 11l-?tskaan —— The

National Assembly approved the new constitution

l-majlis tl-watani saadaq €éala d—dustuur ij-jiditd

approvingly - b-istizgsaan She nodded her head

approvingly hagzgat raasha b-isttzsaan

approximate - tagriibi* The approximate speed of the new planes is six-hundred miles an hour

s-surێa t-taqritbiyya lit-tiyyaaraat 1j-jidtida sitt

miit mitl bis-—saa€a

approximately - zawaali, tagritban He left approxi-

mately a month ago saafar gabul Sahar taqrttban apricot — miSimSaaya pl -aat coll miSmié

April - niisaan

apron — sadriyya pl —aat, sadaari

apt — 1 munaasib, b-makaana That was a very apt remark haadit Caanat mulaazasa kulli§ munaastba

2 muztamal I’m apt to be out when you call

muztamal akuun barra lamma txaabur 3 mnil-

mitwagqaé When he’s drunk, he’s apt to do any-

thing Lamma ykuun sakraan, imnil-mitwaqqaé ysawwi

Pay tt 4 yJuuz It’s apt to be two o’clock before we get home yjuuz itkuun is-saaéa Ointeen gabul-ma noosal il-beet

**He is an apt pupil

Aqaba ~ 1-—€aqaba

Arab ~ €arabi* pl €arab

arabesque - 1 zuxruf He’s very good at arabesque

huuwa kulli§ zeen biz-zuxruf 2 gzuxrufi* There's

a beautiful arabesque engraving on the wall aku

naqtŠ zuxruft jamiitl €al—zaayit

Arab League - j—-jaamiéa L-€arabiyya

Arabian Peninsula - j-jaziira 1l-€arabiyya

Arabian Sea — l-bazr il-—€arabi

How sloon it€&aalij

They sent dazzoo-li l-iktaab €ala

yilgut bil-€ajil

Arabic — €arabi, l-luga 1l-€arabiyya

Arabist 10

Arabist -— mustaSrig pl -—tin

Aramaic — l-luga 1l-?aaraamiyya

arch ~ taag pl tuug That bridge has a tremendous

arch hadaak ij-jisir bii fadd taag Saxim

fallen arches — flaatfuut, ’agdaam musattaza He

has fallen arches €inda flaatfuut

to arch - zina (i zinaa?) n- The cat arched it’s

back Jl-bagzuuna zinat $aharha

arched ~ mtawwag The church’s ceiling is arched

sagf tl-kaniisa mtawwag

architect ~ muhandis mi€maari pl muhandisitin

mi€maariyytin

architecture - handasa miémaariyya

area - 1 mantiga pl manaatiq The area around

Baghdad is densely populated l-mantiga zawaali

bagdaad kulliS miadazma bis—sukkaan 2 masaaza

pl ~aat The area of the city is four square miles

masaa¿t +Ì-madttna ?arba€ %amyaal murabbagéa

Argentina - l-?arjantiin

to argue - jaadal (i mujaadala, jadal) t-, naagas

(t munaagaSa, nigaas) t-, zaajaj (t muzaajaja) t-

Don’t argue with me la—tjaadilni -~ I won’t argue

that point ma-?ajaadil €ala han-nuqta —- That’s

something that can’t be argued haada fadd Siti

ma-~yitjaadal bit

to argue (with someone) — tjaadal (a tajaadul),

tzaajaj (a tazaajuj.), tnaaga’ (a tanaagus) He'll

argue with anyone about anything yitjaadil wiyya

?ay Saxis fala ?ay §ii1 kaan They argue all the

time yitjaadluun €ala tuul

argument ~ 1 zijja pl zijaj They presented very

convincing arguments qaddimaw zijaj kullt§

mugniếa 2 xtilaaf pl -aat, nizaaé It was just

a small argument Caan fadd xtlaaf basiit

3 lagwa pl -aat, lagaawi We had a violent

argument saarat beenaatna lagwa

to arise - 1 dihar (a §uhuur) The problem arose

some time ago l-muSkila Sihrat gabul mudda

2 giéad (u guéuud) n- I arose at six this

morning gi€adit is-subuz saafa sitta 3 gaam

(u goom) He arose from his chair and left the

room gaam imnil-kursi maala wtirak 11-gurfa

4 sinaz (a sinuuz) As soon as the opportunity

arises Vawwal-ma tisnaz il—fursa

arithmetic -— z?saab

arm - 1 bdraaé pl %adrué He broke his arm ktsar

iiraaéa 2 yadda pl -aat The arms on this

chair are too low yaddaat hal-iskamli kullt&

naasya 3 slaaz pl %asliza All arms have to

be turned over to the police ull il~asliza laazim

titsallam 1i38-Surta

underarm — ?ubut pl %ubaat

under arms — tazt is—silaaz All ablebodied men

were under arms kull ir-rijaal il—muqtadriin

caanaw tazt is-silaaz

to be up in arms ~.haaj: (i hayajaan)

was up in arms kull waazid Caan haayt)

to arm - sallaz (i tasliiz) t- The company

armed its guards §-Sarika sallizat gurraasha

to be armed — tsallaz (a tsilliz) The police-

man is always armed with a revolver šŠ-ŠurÉ?

daa?iman yitsallaz ib-musaddas —— The gang 1s

armed Jl-€isaaba mitsallza

armchair - kursi ?abu yaddaat pl karaasi ?ummahaat

yaddaat

armistice - hudna pl -aat

armor - 1 dirié pl druué These shells can’t

penetrate the heavy armor of a battleship

hal-gqanaabil ma-tixtirig dir€ il-baarija l~zarbiyya

2 musaffaza pl -aat Armor doesn’t operate well

in this mountainous terrain l-musaffazaat

ma—tistugul seen ib-hal—mantiga j-jabaltyya

armored — msaffaz Those tanks are heavily armored

haasi d-dabbaabaat imsaffaza kullt8

army - jeeS pl jyuus Did you serve in the army or

the navy? xidamit bij-jee§ loo bil—bazriyya?

around —- 1 gariibd He lives right around here

yiskun gariib min ihnaa 2 zawaali I have

around twenty dinars indi zawaali €t8rtin

diinaar 3 daayir He tied the rope around the

barrel laff il-zabal daayir il—barmiil 4 b-

There are some good movies around town this week

Paku fadd %aflaam seena bil-wlaaya hal—isbuu€

**Is there anybody around? aku %azzad thnaa?

**The racetrack is a half mile around /farrat

is-saaza nuss miil

to arouse — 1 fassaze (i tafzii2, tfiaziea) t- A

barking dog aroused me in the middle of the night

Everybody

fadd talib yinbaz fazzazni b-nuss il—leel

2 ?a0aar (+ ?t0aara) n- Her strange behavior aroused my suspicion tasarrufha l-gariib ?aÔaar

Sakki 3 waé&a (1 twié&i) t- What time shall I arouse you? s-saa€a beeš ama€€t+k?

arrack ~ €araq

to arrange = Ì saffat (u tasfiit) t-, rattab (t tartiib) t- Who arranged the books? minu saffat il-kutub? 2 rattab (i tartiib) t- They arranged the room in two hours rattibaw il—gurfa

b-saaEéteen 3 dastar (1 ddistir) t-, dabbar (1 tadbiir) t-, rattab (i tartiid) t- I arranged

with the guard to smuggle cigarettes to the

prisoners dastaritha wiyya l-zaaris zatta yxaS3is jigaaytr Lil-masaajtin

arrangement — tartiib pl -aat, tadbiir pl tadaabiir, ddistir How do you like this arrangement? yéijbak

hat—tartiib?

arrest - ?ilgaa? gabud The arrest was made at his home %tlqaa? il-gqabud saar ib—dbeeta

under arrest — mawguuf, mwaggaf He’s been under

arrest for two days Caan imwaggaf yoomeen

to hold under arrest — waggaf (i tawgiif) t-

They held him under arrest at the police station

tuaqgquƒoo b-markasz tš-šurta

to arrest - gubad (u gabud) n— €ala

arrested him and released him on bail

w-fakkoo b~kafaala

arrival — wisuul His arrival caused a lot of

enthusiasm wusuula sabbab zamaas ihwaaya

to arrive —- 1 wusal (a wusuul) When did the train arrive? Swakit wusal il-qitaar? 2 twassal (a tawassul) Did they arrive at a decision?

twassalaw il-fadd garaar? 3 nwilad (1) The baby arrived at three this morning t-ttfil inwilad

ts-saa€a tlaada s-subuz

arrow — 1 sahim pl ?ashum The arrow points north s-sahim y?aSSir 1i§—-Simaal 2 mniSaaba pl -aat coll ni§aab He killed the rabbit with an arrow

qital 1l-?arnab 1b-niSaaba

arsenic — zarniix

art ~ fann He knows a lot about art

€an il-fann ~- There’s an art to it

fadd fann

work of art ~ git&a (pl gitaé) fanniyya

building contains many works of art

tigwt gitaé fanniyya hwaaya

art gallery - matzaf (pl mataazif) finuun

arthritis - ltihaad il-mafaasil

article - 1 maqaal, magaala pl -aat There was a good article about it in the newspaper Caan ?aÈu

magaal zeen €anna bij—jariida 2 maadda pl

mawaadd Please read article three of the con-

stitution rajaa’an igra l-maadda 0-Gaal@a

mnid—dastuur 3 $11 pl ?ašyaa?, maadda pl

mawaadd Many valuable articles were stolen hwaaya

?aSyaa? Oamiina nbaagat

definite article - ’adaat it-tafriif

artificial - stinaaéi* Are those flowers artificial? hal-wartd istinaa€éi? She has an artificial smile

€tdha bttsaamna stinaa€¿yya

artillery -— madfaéiyya

artist - fannaan pl -iin

huwwa fannaan maShuur

as = 1 €ala-ma Leave it as it is xallitha

€ala-ma hiyya 2 mtGil-ma Do as you please sawwi miO1tl—-ma yéijbak — Everything stands as it was kull§i baagt miOtl-ma Eaan 3 E€ala, zasab

He’s late, as usual huwwa mit?axxir, zasb il—faada

4 maadaam, li-?an As he is leaving tomorrow,

we must hurry maadaam huwwa maaSi baatir, laazim

nistaéjil 5 w- Did you see anyone as you came

in? S§ifit %azzad winta daaxil 6 ka, midil

I think of him as a brother ?a€tabra ka-?ax ——

He used his coat as a pillow staémal sitirta ka-mxadda 7 b- His house is as big as ours beeta b—-kubur beetna

**T work as a clerk for them

Etdhum

**I regard it as important

as far as - 1 i-zadd The train goes as far as Nasriyya Jl-gitaar yruuz il—zadd in—nasriyya

2 zasab-ma, €ala~ma As far as I can see, he’s

right zgasab-ma aSuuf, huwwa saztiz 3 €ala madd The fields extend as far as you can see

l-mazaari€ timtadd €ala madd il—basar

as far as he’s concerned — bin—nisba 7ila, min

naaziit~ As far as he’s concerned it’s all right

bin—nisba %ila, zeena

They qubsamw Ealee

11 at

as for — ’amma, min taraf, bin—-nisba l-, min ?ajzaa? We'll have to remove this entire assembly naziit~ As for him, it’s all right ?amma huwwa, Laazim inSiil hal-qisim kulla,

ma-€inda maanié assembly line - xatt tarkiib, xatt tajmii€é I work on

as if - €abaalak, ka-?an He acts as if he were the assembly line in an automobile factory

the director himself da-yitsarraf €abaalak ?aštuệuL tb—~xatt it—tarkiib maal maémal

il-mudiir nafsa 1 s-sayyaaraat

as soon as — ?awwal-ma, zaal-ma Let me know as to assign ~ 1 €fayyan (i ta€yiin) t-, nita (i nati) soon as you get here xadburni ?awwal-ma toosal n- The teacher assigned us a composition

ihnaa L-mu€allim intaana ?inSaa? 2 xassas (i taxsits)

as yet — l-zadd al—"’aan, li-hassa, lil—?aan, baé€ad t-, €ayyan (i ta€yiin) t- He assigned two men to Nothing has happened as yet ma-saar $11 l-zadd guard the prisoner xassas rajjaaleen il-ziraasat al~?aan tl-masjuun

‘asbestos -— ’azbast, spasto assignment - 1 wadiifa pl wasaayif, waajib pl

ascetic - mitzahhid, mitnassik ~aat Qur teacher gave us a difficult assignment asceticism — tanassuk, tazahhud mu€allimna ntaana waajib sa€ub 2 Sagla pl -aat

to be ashamed —- 1 xijal (a xajal) Don’t be wadtifa pl wasaayif, muhimma pl mahaamm The boss ashamed of this job Jla—tixjal min haS-Sugul gave me an interesting assignment l-—mudiir intaani

2 xtiza (i xiat) He’s not ashamed of anything fadd Sagla latiifa 3 tawzité pl -aat, ta€yiin ma—yixtizt min ?ay Sit 3 staza (i mistaza) He pl -aat, tagsiim pl ~aat The assignment of jobs

was ashamed to show his grades to his father staza only took ten minutes tawziié tl-aSgaal ?axad

yraawt darajaata l~’abuu EaSir dagaa?iq

ash can ~ tanakat (pl -aat) zibil to assist - saafad (i musaafada), faawan (i mu€aawana)

ashes — rumaad Who assisted you? minu €aawanak?

ashore - lil-barr, lis—saazil We weren’t allowed to assistance ~ musaafada pl -aat, mu€aawana pl -aat

go ashore ma-fCaan masmuuz—inna ninzil lil-barr He did it without any assistance sawwagha b-layya

musaatada

ashtray - tabla pl -aat, nuffaasa pl -aat

Asia Minor — ’aasya s-sugra

aside - fala safza, fala jiha [ have to put a little

assistant — musaaéid pl -iin, mu€aawin pl -iin

associate — zamiil pl zumalaa?, rafiig pl rufagaa?

money aside for the trip laazim axalli Swayya He’s been my associate for many years saar-la

fluus €ala safza lis—safra zamiili sniin thwaaya

aside from ~ 1 b—ga55 in—nagar fan Aside from the associate judge - naa?ib zaakim pl nuwwaad

paint, it’s a good car b-gad5 in-nadar fan is—subug gukhaam

hiyya xooŠš sayyaara 2 ma-€ada Aside from that, associate member — €a5u musaanid pl %a&$aa?

I have nothing else to add ma-€ada haaồa, ma—-€tndi musaanidiin

Sii Padiifa associate professor ~ ?ustaad musaaéid pl

to ask ~ ] si?al (a su?aal) n— I'11 ask him right ?asaattòa musaakidiin

away raz-?as?ala zaalan., — Ask at the ticket to associate - 1 xaalat (i muxaalata), xtilat office in the railroad station ?is?al +b-štbbaaš (i xtilaat) wiyya, EaaSar (i Eusra, mu€aaSara),

bee€ it-tadsaakir ib-mazattat il-gitaar, 2 tilab t€aaSar (a ta€aasur) He doesn’t like to associate

(u talab) n~ He asked for help ftitlab musaa€ada with them ma-y&ijba yxaalithum 2 rabat

3 tilab (u talab) n-, raad (i reed) n— How much Cu rabut) €alaaga I always associate big cars with did he ask for washing the car? Sgadd tilab €ala rich people %aani daa?iman ?arbut Ealaaga been

gasl is-sayyaara? ts—sayyaaraat 1¢-Cibiira wig-gzanaagiin

asleep - 1 naayim I must have been asleep laazim “*He was associated with them for ten years

Einit naayim 2 xadraan, mnammil My leg’s Caanat ?ila Ealaaga wiyyaahum min €ašt isniin

asleep rijli -xadraana association - 1 jam&iyya pl -aat I don’t think

to fall asleep - gufa (i gafu) I fell asleep I’1l join the association ma-a€tigid raz—-aStirik about three o’clock gufeet zawaali is-saaéa bij—jamEtyya 2 €alaaga pl -aat I wouldn’t ever make

@laaGa that particular association ?aani ?’abad ma-asawwi aspect - 1 naaziya pl nawaazi We studied the òztš ¿Ì-€alaaqa Ì~xaagsa

problem from every aspect dirasna l-muSkila min assorted — mSakkal, mnawwaé I want one kilo of

kull nawaaziiha 2 madShar pl madaahir This is assorted chocolates ?arttd keelu Cukleet imSakkal

one of the aspects of Iraqi life haada madhar min assortment — taSkiila pl -aat They've got a large

madaahir il-ziyaat il-€iraagiyya assortment of ties €idhum taSkiila &biira

asphalt — giir, zifit, asfalt mnil—?arbi ta

aspirin — ’aspiriina pl -aat coll ?aspiriin to assume - 1 twaqqat (a tawaqqué), qaddar

ass — zmaal pl gzmaayil, zgmaar pl samtir (? taqgdiir) I assume that he'll be there too

to assassinate - staal (a gtiyaal) His former ?atwagqat raz—ykuun ithnaak ?aydan I assume the

friends assassinated him ’asdigaa?a s-saabgiin price will be less than twenty dinars ?aqaddir igtaaloo ts—st€tr yhuwn ?agall min €i8reen ditnaar

assault - 1 Aujuum pl -aat The assault on the 2 tzammal (a tazammul) I can’t assume any

island began at five o’clock Jl-hujuum €aj-jaztira responsibility for what happened ma-agdar

btidat is-saa€a xamsa 2 ta€addi He was charged atzammal Pay mas?uuliyya fan illi saar 3 tộaahar with assault ntiham bit—ta€addi (a tadaahur) Don’t assume such an air of innocence!

to assault - 1 téadda (a ta€addi) That man l-titSaahar ib-salaamt in-niyya 4 furad (u faras) assaulted me té&adda €alayya dSaak ir-rijjaal n— For example, let's assume birds can’t fly

2 hijam (i hujuum) n— €ala, haajam (i muhaajama) maÔalan, xalli nufrud it-tiyuur ma-tigdar ittiir They assaulted the enemy position with everything assurance — tatahhud pl -aat, ta?kiid pl -aat He they had hijmaw €ala mawgié il-fadu b-kull-ma gave me his assurance that he’d pay ntaani

Eidhum ta€ahhud raz-yidfaé

to assemble - 1 tjammaé (a tajammué), Ltamm to assure — ’akkad (i ta?kiid) t-, t&ahhad (a ta€ahhud) (a Ltimaam) The pupils assembled in the auditorium He assured us that he would be there %akkad-inna

t-talaamiid itjamméaw bil-qaa€a 2 jtimaé razg-ykuun thnaak

(i jtimaaé), tjammaé (a tajammu€é) The lawyers will asthma — tanag nifas, $tig nifas, rabu

assemble to discuss the case tomorrow morning at - 1 b- T1 wait for you at the entrance

l—-muzaamiin raz—yijtaméuun il-baz@ il-gadiyya bukra raz—antadrak bi l—baab -~ I did it at his request is-subuz 3 jima€& (a jami€) n- You’ll have to Samweetha b-ragubta or samweetha zasab ragubta, —- give me enough time to assemble the information The children are at school 1-?atfaal bil-madrasa Laagim tintjini wakit kaafi catta ?ajmaé ~~ It happened at night saarat bil-leel He

il-mafluumaat 4 rakkab (u tarkiib) t- He came at three o’clock %ija bi@-@ilaa@a or jaa

assembles airplane engines yrakkub makaayin s—saaéa bi0-Gilaada or jaa s-saa€a Olaada 2 Etnd, tayyaaraat Etd We were at the tailor’s Cinna Eind il-xayyaat

assembly - 1 jamaaéa pl -aat, za¥id pl zuSuud, ot met him at the dentist's gaabalta €id ‡abiib

jamhuur pl jamaahiir He spoke before a large tử- asnaan 3 min I was astonished at the size assembly of lawyers xitab giddaam jamaafa tbiira of the city ndthasit min kubr il-wlaaya 4 ila mnil—-muzaamiin 2 jam&iyya pl -aat The General We haven’t arrived at a decision yet ma—twagsalna

Assembly of the United Nations rejected the proposal ’tla fadd qaraar tl-zadd 1l-?aan 5 €ala He

j-jamEiyya l-Eaamma Lil—?umam il-muttazida rufsat aimed at the target mneeSan €al-hadaf 6 €ala,

ye age ; j s ọ 9 min Don’t get angry at me la-tizéal €al

tl-igtiraaz 3 qtsim pl %agsaam, jusu? pl la~tiz€al minni atayya or

atheism

12

at all ~ ?abad, ?abadơn, Paslan, bil-marra I daawamit ib-madrasat tijaara 3 raajaé

haven’t got any money at all ma-Eindt fluus (i muraajaéa) t-, €aalaj (mu€aalaja) t- What

?abadan or ?abad ma-€tndt ?ay 1fluus doctor attended you? yaa tabtib raajaéak?

at all costs — b-?ay Gaman We must get it at all to attend to — baaSar (i mubaaSara), €aalaj

costs Laazim naaxda b~?ay Øamam (i €ilaaj, mu€aalaja) t- I still have some things

A at first “ane Tem ote Zaumal, Zoamalan to attend to baéad €indi ba€ad il-?aSyaa? laazim

t first we didn’t like the town 1l-bidaaya ?abaaštrha

ma-—zabbeena l—-wlaaya 5 A d l

at last — ’axiiran, bit-taali, taaliiha He came attendance Đang ttendance 1s compulsory

at last %axtiran jaa -8M2MT 1700671

at least -1 €al-?agall There were at least a attention - nes baal ; tried to attract his attention

- e _ e it 9 ` ti

waazid site TH - mention I’ve called attention to that repeatedly lLifatit

my name , tên, ~ : ` tnw-naòar tồ-òaak €tddat marraat

cot eee S52 AC mo the ome ‘to pay attention - ntibah (i ntibaah), daar

1 jaa?ima "na di inaar é PP (1 doora) baal~ Please pay attention! ?intibih

~ + ~ * min fadlak

a he ~ ' canton, fads we từ tadd marra attentively -— b-intibaah, The children listened

Sawmrtna gaatan, a o- Want, OK aan attentively j-jahhaal itsanntaw b-intibaah

I oe do everything at once ma-agdar asadw0¿ kuLÙŠTÍ 2 ttịtude — 1 wadsié pl ?awdaaé I don’t like his

~ marra wa: attitude in class ma~—yiéjibni wadéa bis-saff

h at that 2, Opa Sahil, Sind hại gode, Salama 2 mawgif pl mawaagif, wajhat (pl -aat) nagar

b-hoš š;h‡L Ss ieave 1 at * I don’t understand your attitude towards religion

per duun a ytsrazuun w-yimracuun 2 jidsab (i jadsib) n— Magnets attract nails

atheism — ?ừạaad " L-magaanit t1j5ib tl-ibsaamtir 3 jilab (1 jalid) atheist - mulzid pl —iin n- Be quiet! You’re attracting attention ?iskut, athlete - riyaadi pl -iyyiin

athletic - riyaadi*

athletics - riyaada

Atlantic - l—muziit il-?atlasi, %atlantiiki, ?atlLanti

atlas - ’atlas pl ?ataalis We’re going to take the

atlas with us on the trip raz—naaxud il-?atlas

wiyyaana bts-safra

atmosphere — jaww The atmosphere contains oxygen

nice atmosphere niStugul ib-jaww kullis zeen

atmospheric - jauwi*

atom ~ darra pl aat We live in the age of the atom

n€éttš ¿+b-€asr tồ-ồarrad

atomic - darri*,

atrocity - jariima pl jaraa?im The enemy committed

many atrocitics during the war l—fadu rtikab

jaraa?im thwaaya ?a@naa? il—zarub

to attach - 1 Sakkal (2 taskiil) t- Please

attach the envelope to the letter with a pin

rajaa?an Sakkil 15-daruf bil—-maktuub 1b-dambuus

2 rufag (i ?irfaaq) n- Don’t forget to attach

a picture with your application la-tinsa tirfig

suura b~fariistak 3 zijaz (i zajiz) n— We can

attach his salary if he doesn’t pay up nigdar

nizgjte raatba ?tòa ma-ytdfa€ 4 E€allaqg

(1 ta€litg) t- You attach too much importance to

money t&alligq ?ahammiyya hwaaya €al-ifluus

to be attached to - téallaq (a ta€alluq) b-

become attached to this child %aant téallagit

tb-hat-tifil or strit,mitéallig ib-hat-tifil

attaché ~ mulzaq pl —iin

attached - miltizig He’s attached to the embassy

huwwa miltizig bis-safaara

attachments - 1 mulzag pl -aat

cleaner with all its attachments

kahrabaa?’tyya wiyya kull mulzagaatha 2 muraffagq

pl -aat There are five attachments to the letter

aku xamas muraffagaat wiyya l—maktuub

attack - hajma pl -aat coll hujuum The attack was

beaten back Jl—hajma nraddat

to attack - 1 hijam (i hajuum) n-

I've

I bought a vacuum

§tireet muknaasa

They attacked the castle in the middle of the night hijmaw

€al—qgaléa b-nuss il~leel 2 haajam (1 muhaajama)

t- He attacked them in the newspaper haajmoohum

bij-jaritida 3 tnaawal (i tanaawul) Let’s

attack this problem from a slightly different angle

xalli nitnaawil hal—muSkila min jiha tixtilif

i Swayya

heart attack ~ sakta (pl —aat) qalbivyya

died from a heart attack maat bis-sakta l—galbiyya

attempt -— muzaawala pl -aat At least make an attempt!

€al—?aqall sawni fadd muzaawala

to attempt -— zaawal (i muzaawala) t- Don’t

attempt to do too much at one time la-tzaawil

ttsawwi ?aSyaa? thuaaya b-—fadd wakit

to attend —- 1 zidar (a zuduur) n— Did you attend

the meeting? zidart il-ijtimaae&? 2 daawam

He

da—tijlib in—nadar

attraction —- 1 jaadibiyya pl -aat The attraction

of the moon causes the tides jaadibiyyat il—gumar

ysabb1b il-madd wij-jazir 2 mugri pl -iyyaat What’s the big attraction around this town? Sinu l—mugri b—hal-—wlaaya?

attractive - 1 jadédsaab

hiyya kullt$ jadésaaba

very attractive offer

kulliS mugri

auction — mazaad pl -aat

audience — l-—zaadriin The audience was enthusiastic l-zaadriin faanaw mitzammsiin

August — ?aab

aunt - (paternal) €amma pl -aat, (maternal) xaala

pl -—aat

Austria — n—namsa

Austrian — namsaawi* pl -iyytin

authentic - 1 zgagitgi* He wrote an authentic account of the war kitab wasuf zagiigi Llil-zarub

She is very attractive

2 mugrt He made me a

€irad Ealayya fadd €artồ

2 ?asli*, zgagqiigi* This is an authentic Babylonian vase haadt mizhariyya baabiliyya

Pasliyya

author —- 1 mu?allif pl -tin He always wanted to

be an author daa?iman Caan yriid ystir mu?alltf

2 saazib pl %aszaab The prime minister is the

author of the plan ra?iis il—wuzaraa? saazib hal-xitta

authorities - sultaat, maraaji€é The local authorities condemned the building s-—sultaat il—mazalliyya

Pumrat 1b-hadm il—binaaya

authority - 1 salaaziyya pl -aat, taxwiil pl -aat

He has no authority to sign the check ma—€inda

salaaziyya ywaqqit€ is-sakk ~- Do you have the

authority to sign this contract for him? €&indak taxwiil itwaqggié €anna hal—€agid? 2 sulta pl

-aat The police have no authority over diplomats

§-Surta ma—Eidha sulta Ead-diblumaasiyyiin

3 zgujja@ pl zgujaz He’s an authority on the

Koran huwwa zujja bil-qur?aan

to authorize — xawwal (i taxwiil) t-

you to spend that money?

hal—if luus?

authorized ~— mxauwwal pl —iin

Sign the receipts

1 l-wusuulaat

automatic - 1 musaddas pl -aat, warwar pl waraawir Officers carry automatics ð-ôwbbaat Saayliin musaddasaat 2 Vootoomaatiiki* Is this an automatic pump? hal-madaxxa ?00toomaatiikiyya?

automatically — b-suura tilqaa?iyya, b-suura

?ootoomaatitkiyya, b-layya Su€uur He picked up

the phone automatically Saal it-talafoon 1b-suura tilgaa?iyya

automobile ~ sayyaara pl -aat

autopsy - taSriiz pl -—aat

autumn — xariif I hope to stay through the autumn

Pat?ammal %abga n—nihaayat il~xariif

Who authorized minu xawwalak tusruf

He’s authorized to huwwa mxawwal ywagqié

(u mudaawama) t- I attended business school available - 1 mawjuud They used all available

13 bad

cars staémilaw kull +s-sayaardaat il—mawjuuda ——

Is this pen available in red? hal-—qalam 1l-paandaan

mawjuud €ala ?azmar? 2 jawwa l-?i1id I have two

houses available €indi beeteen jawwa 1l-—%1id

3 faarig When will the director be available?

Swakit il-muditr ykuun faarig? 4 maysuur,

mityassir Vegetables are available in the market

l-muxaddraat mityassira bis-—suug

avenue — Saarié pl Sawaarié

average — 1 muéaddal pl -aat He has a good

average in school €inda xooS mu€addal bil—madrasa

2 mustawa Etiyaadi He’s of average intelligence

mustawa dakaa?a Ettyaadt

on the average — b-muéaddal

on the average of once a week

b-mu€éaddal marra bil-isbuu€

to average — tallaé (i tatlii€é) mu€addal He

averages sixty dollars a week ytallié mu€addal

sittiin doolaar bil-isbuué

to avoid — tzaaSa (a tzaasi), tjannab (i tajannub)

Why is he avoiding me? lLuweeS da—yitzaaSaani?

to await -— ntidar (i ntidaar), traqqgab (a taraqqub),

twagqaé (a tawagqué) They were ordered to await

the signal jaahum ?amur yintadruun 11-?1Saara

awake - saazi, gaa€id Are you awake? ?inta saazi?

to awake - saza (i sazu), giێad (u gafid), faag

(i feeqg) I awoke at seven o'clock gếađ:£

is-saaéa sab€a

to awaken — gaé&ad (1 tqi€Eid) t-, sazza

(i tsazzi) t-, fayyag (+ tfiyytg) t-

awakened me fadd ziss sazzaant

aware - 1 €aarif, daari, €inda xabar I’m aware of

the difficulties involved in the subject ?aant

Eaarif bis-su€uubaat id—daaxla bil-mawduué —— le s

I go to the movies

Paruuz Lis—stinama

A noise

Li-hassa zaass He was faan zaass

not aware of his brother’s death yet

ma-€tnda xabar tb-mootat axuu 2

aware of movements behind him

tb—garabaat waraa

away - gaayib Have you been away?

to be away ~ gaab (1 giyaad)

school for a week

tsbuué

**The station is far away from our house

L-mazatta kulli§ 1b€i1da min beetna

**Park the car away from the house

ts-sayyaara b&iid €ann il—beet

awful - 1 fadii€ It was an awful accident

gaadt9 ƒaòtt€ 2 qabtiz

has-sttra gabtiza 3 waktz The kids have been

awful today j-jahhaal Caanaw wakziin il—-yoom,

**It’s been an awful day Caan yoom ?asuad

awfully - kulliS, hwaaya I’m awfully tired ?aani kulliS ta€baan,

awhile -— fatra, Swayya He was here awhile this after-

noon aan ihnaa fadd fatra il-yoom il—E€asir ——

IT want to think about it awhile °ariid afakkir bitha Swayya

That coat is awful

Why is he so awkward in every-

LuweeS huwwa hiiti mxarbat ib-kull $i

l-ysawwii? 2 muzrij It was an awkward situation Caanat fadd wadsfiyya muzrija

jawning — Samsiyya pl -aat, Samaasi

jaxe - faas pl fuus, faasa pl -aat

axis — mizwar pl mazaawir

axis once a day

b1l-yoom

axle - ’aksil pl -aat

The world turns on its

lL-?ard itduur zawil mizwarha marra The axle is broken

l—?aksil maksuur

B

baby - 1 tifil pl ?atfaal The baby is crying

t-tifil da-yibti They treat me like a baby

y€aamluuni miGil tifil 2 jaahil pl jihhaal

My sons are still babies wildi baféadhum jihhaal

to baby - dallal (i tadliil) You baby your

children more than necessary ?inta tdallil

jthhaalak akOar imnil—laazim

to baby oneself - daara (i mudaaraa) nafis~

He babies himself very much huawa ydaari nafsa

kulliS thwaaya

baby carriage — €arabaana maal jaahil pl €arabaayin

maal jthhaal

bachelor ~ ?a€zab plÌ €uzøaab My older brother is

still a bachelor ?axwuya š~-¿b¿tr ba€da ?a€zab

back - 1 Sahar pl dhuur He was lying on his back

Caan minjitil €ala dahra This chair has a high

back hal-iskamli dahra €aali My back aches

Sahri yoojaéni 2 warraani* The back rooms are

dark l-gubab il-warraaniyya Salma

**They did it behind my back sawwaaha bala zissi

**He walked back and forth in the room $all

yruuz w-y1j1 bil—gubba

in back — lLi-wara I prefer to sit in back

Pafassil agéud li-wara

in back of - wara There’s a garden in back of

the house ?aku zadiiga wara l—beet — I wonder who

is in back of this plan? €ajyaba minu wara

hal—maSruu€é ?

in the back of -— b-?aaxir You’ll find it in the

back of the book raz—tilgaaha b-?aaxtr il-iktaab

**T have had it in the back of my mind to tell you

for a long time haay saar-ilha mudda ib-fikri

Pariid %agul—lak—tyyaaha -

to be back - rijaé (a rujuué) He isn’t back yet

li-hassa bafad ma-rijaé

to come back - rijaé (a rujuu€é)

coming back? Swakit raz—yirja€é?

to go back - rijaé (a rujuué) When are you going

back to Basra? Swakit raz—tirjaé lil—basra?

to go back over — raajaé (i muraajafa) He went

back over his work in order to find his mistakes

raajaé Sugla zatta yilgi galitta

to step back - 1 rijaé (a rujuué) li-wara

back a bit %irjaé Swayya li-wara 2 twaxxar

(a tawaxxur) Please step back out of the way

balla twaxxar Can it-—tariig

to back - ’ayyad (i ta%ytid) t-

When is he

Step

All parties are

backing him kull il-azzaab it?ayyda

to back down ~ traajaé (a taraajué) He finally backed down and admitted his error ?axtitran

itraajaé wtétiraf 1b-galitta

to back up - rijaé (a) li-wara 1 I still can’t back up ’aani ba&adni ma-agdar arjaé li-wara

2 saanad (i musaanada) He backs me up in all my decisions ysaanidni ib-kull garaaraati 3 rajjaé

(i tarjii€é, trajjaé) li-wara Back up your car a little rajjt& sayyaartak li-wara Swayya

backbone ~ 1 éamuud fagari pl ?a&mida fagarryya They performed an operation on her backbone sawwaw

Eamaliyya bil—€amuud il-faqari maalha 2 Jur2a

If only he had a little backbone he’d tell her to shut up loo aan €inda Swayyat jur?a Eaan gall—ilha

“yeezt Eaad”

background - 1 gaa€iyya pl -aat The cloth has a black background with white dots Jl-igmaaS gaa€iita

sooda w-imnaggat b-abyaS 2 xibra We want someone

with a wide background for this job mnrtid waazid finda xibra waaséa l—hal-wadtifa

in the background —- bis-sufuuf il-xalfiyya His father remained in the background throughout the elections ‘abuu Sall ib-sufuuf il-xalfiyya xtlaal

t1l-intixaabaat or °abuu ma—bayyan nafsa xilaal

on backwards %inta laabis hal-ibluug bt l—magluud

**He knows the lesson backwards and forwards

yuếruƒ td-darts filma €ala filma

bad - 1 battaal, muu zeen, sayyi? He has a bad reputation Cinda sum&a mưu seena 2 gawi I have a bad cold today €indi fadd naSla qawtyya lL-yoom 3 ba?s b- That is not a bad idea

haadt fikra la-ba's biiha 4 ma— geen He has bad eyes Eyuuna ma~tSuuf geen or **nadara Sa€tif I feel bad today %aani muu zeen hal-yoom

or **ma-ali xulug il-yoom 5 Seen We have to take the good with the bad laagim nirda big-zeen

w—1 5—Seen.

bag

**His business is going from bad to worse Sugla

da~yitdahwar

too bad — 1 mu?sif That's too bad! haaŠa

Sii mu?sif 2 maéa l-asaf Too bad that you

couldn’t come maéa l-?asaf ?inta ma~gdarit tijt

to feel bad -— t?a0Gar (a ta?aGGur) Now he feels

very bad about what happened huwwa hassa kullis

mit?adGir imn iLlli jira

bag - 1 iis pl éyaas Put these apples in a bag

zutt hat-tiffaaz ib-iis 2 janta pl jtinat She

took some change out of her bag fall€at 1Swayya

xurda min jantatha Where can I check my bag?

ween agdar a?ammin jantati? 3 guuniyya pl

gwaani, Eiis pl Syaas Have them put the bags of

rice in the truck xallithum yzuttuun tgwaant

it-timman bil-—Loort

**He has the money and I’m left holding the bag

huuwa yidrub bid—-dijaaj waani %atlagga l-€ajaaj

or n—naas taakul bit—tamur w-aani n—nuwaaya ztssatt

**They moved in on us, bag and baggage ?1jaw

kullhum fadd nooba w-gi€daw fala gluubna

baggage - garaas I want to send my baggage on ahead

Pariid adizz garaasi li-giddaam

bail ~ kafaala The court fixed his bail at two

thousand dinars Jl-mazkama garrirat ?an tthuun

kafaalta b~?alfeen dttnaar

to put up bail - kifal (a kafaala) n- Who is

going to put up bail for him? minu raz-ytkfala?

to bail out -~ 1 giraf (u garuf) n- We used

our helmets to bail the water out of the boat

sta€malna xuwadna zatta nugruf il-maay imnil—balam

2 tufar (u tafur) I had to bail out of my plane

at an elevation of five thousand feet ?aant

njabarit ?atfur min tiyyaarti min E1lu xamist aalaaf

gadam

bait - tuéum He put bait on the hook so he could

catch himself a fish xalla tu€um bi§-—Suss zatta

ystid—la simfa

to bake - 1 xubaz (u xabuz) né My mother

baked bread yesterday ?ummi xubzat il—-baarga

2 sawwa (i) bil-firin She baked the baklava in the

oven sawwat il—baqlaawa bil—firin

baker - xabbaaz pl -iin, xabaabiiz, Curuktt pl -tyya

This baker has good bread hal-xabbaaz finda xooŠ

xubuz

bakery - maxbaz pl maxaabiz, firin pl ?afraan

bakery is around the corner Jl-maxbaz 1b-looft

tŠ-Šaar:t€

baking powder - beekin pawdar

baking soda - sooda maal keek, beekin sooda, soodat

xubug

balance ~ Ì mtizaan pl myaaziin The jeweler put

the bracelets on the balance and weighed them

s-saayig zatt il-iswaaraat bil-miizaan w-wuzanhum

2 muwaazana I lost my balance xtallat

muwaazanti 3 baagi Pay one-third down and the

balance in monthly installments %inti 6110

tl-~qiima li-giddaam wil—baagi b-?aqsaat Sahriyya

**His life hung in the balance téallag been

tl-zayaat wil-moot

to balance - 1 waazan (1 muwaazana) t-

you balance a stick on your forehead? t:gdar

itwaagzin €uuda fala gusstak? —- Our bookkeeper

balances his books at the end of each month

muzaasibna ywaazin dafaatra b-nihaayat kull Sahar

2 taabag (u mutaabaga) Dees the account balance?

L~tgsaab da~ytaabug?

balcony - 1 balkoon pl -aat I have an apartment

with a balcony €indi Siqqa bitha balkoon

2 galari pl -yaat We had seats in the first

balcony aan €idna maqaaéid ib-?awwal galart

bald - ’aslaé pl saléiin He was bald at thirty

Caan ?aslLa€ b¡6-61 Laa0ttn

‘bald spot - saléa pl -aat

finda sal€a sgayyra

The

Can

He has a small bald spot

ball - 1 tooba, kura They played ball all after-

noon Lli€baw tooba l-€asir kulla 2 kabbuuba

pl -aat, kubbaaba pl -aat I'd like a ball of

white wool %ariid kabbuubat suuf abyaò 3 tooba

pl -aat, tuwab; kura pl -aat He butted the ball

with his head nigar it-tooba b-raasa

balled up - 1 mxarbat I found everything all

balled up Ligeet kullSi mxarbat 2 mirtibtk

He was all balled up aan kulli¥ mirtibdik

balloon — baaloon pl -aat, nuffaaxa pl -aat

ballot - waragat (pl ?awraag) intixaab Have

all the ballots been counted? kull awraag

il-intixaab inێaddat?

secret ballot -— ntixaabd sirrt

14

ballroom - gaaéa (pl -aat) maal rigis

Baltic Sea - ba¿r il—balttigq

bamboo — xayzaraan

to ban ~ mina€ (a mani€) n—- The government has

banned the sale of narcotics l-zukuuma minéat

bee€ tì~muxaddtraat

banana ~ mooza pl -aat coll mooz

band - 1 jooqg pl %ajwaag The band played dance music all evening j-joog dagg muustigat rigis

tuul il-leel 2 Sarsit pl Saraayit The Christians tie a black band on their arm in

mourning l-—mastiziyytin ySidduun Sariit ?aswad

€ala ?i1tdhum lil-zuzin 3 €&tsaaba pl -aat The police caught the leader of the bank of smugglers

š_-šurta ligmat ra?iis €tsaabat tì—muharrtbttn

4 mawja pl -aat You can get that station on the

25 meter band tigdar itzassil hal-mazatta fala mawja xamsa w-€1Sriin

bandage - laffaaf pl -aat

La—tfukk 1tl-laffaaf

to bandage ~ laff (1) 1b-laffaaf

bandage the cut at once

1b—laffaaf hassa

bandit - zaraami pl —iyya, sallaab pl —a

bang - tagga pl -aat The loud bang startled her

t-tagga l-—faalya jafflatha

to bang - dSirabd (u ôarub)

the table dirab gundarta €al-meez

to banish - 1 ?ab€ad (+ ?tb€aad) They banished

the troublemakers from the capital for two years

?abétdaw il-muSaagibtin imnil—E€aasima l—muddat santeen 2 nifa (i nafi) n— They banished the party leaders from the country nifaw zu€amaa?

?agsan-Lak itliff ij-jariz

He banged his shoe on

Hold on to the banister

bank ~ 1 bang pl bunuug I keep my money in the bank ?%aant ?adumm ifluust bil—bang 2 Saati pl

Swaati He swam to the nearby bank sibaz

l1§-Saati l—giriib

to bank on ~ 1 Etimad (i Etimaad) fala You can bank on that tigdar ti&timid fala ðaab

banker - sarraaf pl sraariif

bank note - noot pl nwaat

bankrupt - 1 miflis, minkisir He is bankrupt

hunwa miflis 2 kasir The company went bank- rupt §-Sartka til€éat kasir

to go bankrupt — filas (a ?iflaas), nkisar (t nkisaar) He went bankrupt filas

bankruptcy - ?iflaas, kasir The firm had to announce its bankruptcy $§-Sarika njubrat tiélin iflaasha banner — beerag pl byaarig, €alam pl &laam

banquet — faziima pl €azaayim, zafla pl -aat

to baptize - fammad (i taémiid) t- He baptized him

in the Jordan River €ammada b-nahr il-?ardun

bar - 1 qaalab pl guaalib Here’s a bar of soap haak haada qaalab saabuun 2 8118 pl Syaas We are going to need more iron bars to finish this

foundation raz-niztaaj baéad šttš zatta nsalliz

hal-?asaas 3 baar pl -aat Let’s meet in the bar in an hour xal-nitlaaga bil—baar ba€éad saa€éa -~ Let’s have a drink at the bar xal—nigrab-inna

fadd §i1 bil~baar 4 mayxaana pl ~aat There was

a fight in this cheap bar last night saarat €arka b-haay il~mayxaana l-baarza bil-leel 5 faasla

pl -aat He played a few bars of the tune dagg Cam faasla mnin—nagma 6 nagaabat il—muzaamiin When were you admitted to the bar? Swakit ingibalit b-nagaabat il-muzaamiin? 7 jaera pl -dat Let’s swim out to the bar xal-nisbaz lij-jazgra

to bar ~ ] sadd (i sadd) n—- He forgot to bar the stable door nisa ysidd baab it-toola

2 mina€ (a mani€) n- They posted soldiers at the entrances to bar people from entering zattaw

junuud bil-madaaxil zatta yimna€uun in—naas imnid—dixuul

barbed wire - silk Saa?ik pl %aslaak Saa?ika

barber ~ mzayyin pl mzaayna, zallaag pl -iin

there a good barber in town? aku mzayyin seen

la-titla€ barra biS—-Samis imkaSSaf ir-raas

3 xaalt I looked in the cupboard and found the

Is

shelves were bare baawa€it bid-diilaad w-ligeet

15 be

ir-rufuuf Éaanat xaalya —- These are the bare facts

haadi hiyya l-zagaayiq xaalya min kull rituus

to bare - 1 kaSSaf (i tkiSsif) t- The nurse

told me to bare my right arm —mwmarrtồa gaalat—lt

9akaS8if idraaéi l-yamiin 2 tfarra€ (a tafarru€)

The men bared their heads when the flag passed

r-riyaajiil itfarréaw min marr 11l—Ealam

barefoot - zaafi pl ziffaay Children, don’t play

barefoot ggaar, la-tilf€abuun ziffaay

barely - 1 duub, yaaduub He’s barely ten huwwa

duub €aSr isniin — I barely had time to finish the

book l-wakt il—-&aan €indi yaaduub kaffa ?axallis

l-iktaab 2 bil-kaad He barely managed it

bil-kaad dabbarha

bargain - 1 §Sarwa pl -aat This book was a good

bargain hal-iktaab Eaan xooS Sarwa 2 safga pl

-aat That’s just part of the bargain daak fadd

gisim imnis-safqa 3 ttifaag pl -aat According

to our bargain you were to pay half zgasb ¿tttƒaaqna

éaan Laagim tidfaé in—nuss

**Al] right, it’s a bargain!

mwaafi q!

to bargain - 1 té&aamal (a fimla) She bargains

for hours with the shopkeepers tit&aamal saa€aat

wiyya d—-dukkantiyya 2 faawad (1 mufaawasa)

The workmen are bargaining with their employer for

a raise Ll—€ummaal da-yfaawduun mustaxdimhum zawil

atyaada b1l~?ujuur

**He got more than he bargained for

min—ma twagqae

bark -~ l1 giSra pl gSuur The eucalyptus trees

have a thin bark ’aSjaar tl-yuukaaliptus ?ilha

giăra xafiifa 2 nabzga pl -aat The cog’s bark

is worse than his bite nabzat i&-falib ?angas min

Eaddta

zeen, saar!/ or zeen,

zassal ?ak@ar

to bark - nibaz (a nbaaz), €awwa (i té&uwwi) The

dog barked loudly &-&alib Eawwa b-soot faalt

barley -— S€&1ir

barometer — baroomatir pl -aat

barrack(s) ~ Gakana pl ~aat, mu€askar pl -aat Our

barracks were built of concrete Oakanatna mabniyya

b-simant

barrel - 1

whole barrel of oil

zmntd-dthan 2 sabataana pl -aat

how to clean the barrel of his gun

iSloon ynadduft sabataanat bundigtiita

barren —- 1 gaazil Except for a strip along the

river, all the land is barren 0-tstiOnaa? wusla

muzaadiya Lin-nahar, kull il-?araas1t gaazla

2 €aagir He divorced his wife because she is

barren tallag marta li-?anha €aaqir

barricade — maanié pl mawaani€ The rebels set up

barricades in the streets -Øumoaar nisbaw

mawaanté biS—Sawaarté

to barricade - sadd (i sadd) n-, gita€é (a gatié)

n- They barricaded all the roads into the area

saddaw kull it-turug l-itfuut lil—mantigqa

base — 1 gaaéida pl qamaa€id The base of the

Statue was still standing qaafidat 1t-timéaal

šaanat ba€adha baaqya —— The planes returned to

their base t-ttyyaaraat rijéat il-qaaéidatha

2 ?asaas pl -aat The water pipe passes under

the base buuri l-maay yfuut jawwa l-?asaas

**Paint the bathroom walls with an oil-base paint

Pusbug zittaan 1l—-zammaam 1b-dthin

to base - 1 bina (i binaa?) n— On what do you

base your figures? €ala—weeS ibneet izsaabak?

2 sawwa (1 taswiya) markaz The company decided

to base its operations in Basra š-šartka qarrtrat

ttsawwi markagha b1l-—basra

basement — sirdaabd pl saraadiib

barmiil pl baraamiil We used up a

staémalna barmiil kaamil

Show the boy raawt l—-walad

bashful - xajuul She is very bashful hiyya fadd

wizgda kulli¥ xajuula

to be bashful - 1 xijal (a xajal), stitza

(i stizaa?) She is bashful with people tistizt

mnin—naas ——- Don’t be bashful, ask him la—tixjal,

?+s?ala

basic — ra?iisi*, ?asaasi*, jawhart* He earns enough

money for his basic needs yzassil ifluus itkafft

zaajaata r—-ra?1istyya The argument came up be-

cause of a basic difference of opinion n—-n+qaaš

saar ib-sabab xilaaf ra?iisi bir-ra’1

basically - jawhartyyan There is nothing basically

wrong with your idea fikirtak ma-bitha feeb

jawhariyyan

basil - riizaan pl rtyaaztin

basin - 1 njaana pl -aat Please bring me a basin

of warm water ?arjuuk jitb-lit njaana maay daaft

2 zood pl ?azwaad, waadi pl wudyaan The basin

of the Tigris and Euphrates is the most fertile in Iraq zood nahr dijla wil—furaat %axsab ?arồ

b1l-Etraaq

basis — ’asaas pl ?usus We can’t continue on this basis ma-—nigdar nistimirr €ala hal—?asaas

basket ~- salla pl -aat, slaal Put the clothes in

the basket gutt l-thduum bis-—salla

basketball ~ kurat is-—salla, baaskitbool

to baste - 1 kawwak (u tkhuwwuk, takwiik) t- It’s better to baste the hem first ?awwal loo tkawwuk tt-tawya ?agsan 2 saaga (i musaagaa) Baste the

chicken with the 011 from time to time while it’s cooking saaqgi d—dijaaja bid—dihin min ziin

từ~?aaxar lLamma tintubux

bat ~ 1 xaffaaS (pl xafaafiis) il-leel, xa&Saaf

tl-Leel I’m afraid of bats ?aani ?axaaf min

xafaafiig§ il-leel

to bat - Sirab (u), taffar (u) He batted the ball

over the fence ð?rab 1t-toooa l-xaarij: is—styaaj

**He really went to bat for me sudug wugaf-lt

**He told his story without batting an eye gia

;šaayta bala—ma titruf—la €een

batch - 1 xabta pl -aat This batch of cement won’t be enough hal-xabta mnit—Cimantu

ma—-raz—itkaffi 2 jooga pl -aat The second

batch of pilgrims will arrive tomorrow j-jooga

6-Gaanya mnil-—zijjaaj raz—-toosal baatir 3 tannuur

pl -aat, tanaanitir How many batches of bread do

you bake a day? Gam tannuur xubuz tuxbuz bil-yoom?

4 batin pl btuun This is the biggest batch of kittens our cat has ever had haay ?akbar batin

jaabata bazzguunatna

bath — zammaam pl -aat I’d like to take a hot bath

da—~artid aaxud zammaam zaarr Have you a room with

bath? €&indak gurfa biiha zammaam?

to bathe - 1 gisal (i gasil) n- Bathe the baby in

lukewarm water ?1gstl it—tifil 1d-maay daafi

We usually bathe at the public bathhouse %izna

€aadatan nigsil bil—zammaam i1l—Eumuumt 2 stbaz (a sibiz) n— We went bathing in the river almost

every day stbazna bi8-Satt tagriiban kull yoom bathhouse ~ 1 zammaam €aamm pl —-aat €aammna There are many public bathhouses in the city ?aku hwaaya zammaamaat €aamma bil-wlaaya 2 manaaé€ pl

manaazt€ There is a bathhouse at the beach where

we can change our clothes ?aku manza€ bil—masbaz

nigdar ninga€ ihduumna bii

bathing suit - maayo pl -waat (for women), &1swa pl Cisaw (for men)

bathrobe - rood pl -aat, burnus pl baraanis

bathroom — zammaam pl -aat I'm looking for the toilet not the bathroom da-adawwur €al—mirzaad

mưu Ll-zammaam

bath towel ~ manSafa pl manaasif

bathtub — baanyo pl -waat

batter - ajiina pl -aat Is the batter for the cake mixed? l-—€ajiina maal il-keek maxbuuta?

to batter in — kassar (i taksiir) t- The firemen battered in the door and saved the man rijaal

tl-?itfaa? kassraw il—-baab w-xallsaw ir—rijjaal battered-up - mhaSSam He bought a battered-up old

car Stira sayyaara &attiga mhaSSama

battery - paatri pl -tyyaat My car has to have a new battery sayyaarti yinraad-ilha paatri jdiid

battle — maéraka pl ma€aartk

battlefield — saazat il-maféraka, miidaan pl mayaadiin

battle ship - baarija pl bamaart7

to bawl - strax (u sraax), Eayyat (i €yaat) The child

has been bawling for an hour t-ttfil saar-la saa€a

da—yusrux

to bawl out - ragzal (i tarzgiil, trigzil) t-

Why did he bawl you out? LuweeS ragzalak?

bay - xaliij pl xiljaan There’s a steamship

anchored out in the bay ?aku baaxira raasiya bil-xaliij

bayonet — sungi pl sanaagi, zarba pl -aat, zraab

to be - 1 aan (ykuun koon) Are you planning to be there? b-niitak itkuun thnaak? —— When will you be

at home? Swakit raz-itkuun bil-beet? -— Where have

you been? ween Cinit? I was planning to go with you init naawi °aruuz wiyyaak — I wasn’t at home when you phoned me ma—Cinit bil-beet min xaabaritni He had climbed that hill when he was

a child aan mitsallig hat—tall min Eaan jaahil

~— When I got to the office, he was about to leave Lamma wusalt id—daa?ira, Eaan da-yitlaé His children were playing with ours jthhaala Šaanam da-yiléabuun wiyya jihhaalna, 2 saar (i sayra)

beach 16

yaa jhaal, stiru

Be good while I’m away, children

Lla—tstir

Eigqaal ib-giyaabi —- Don’t be rude! 7

xaSin! — He wants to be an engineer yritd ystir

muhandis —- How much is it going to be? Sgadd

raz—-ysiir? — Would it be all right if we used this

room? ysiir nistắmil hal—gurfa? — How much will

that be? &gadd saar? —- If that were true, we'd all

be rich loo haada sudug, aan kullna sirna

ganaagiin He has been climbing that hill every-

day for years saar-la sniin yitsallag ịaak it—tall

kull yoom -—— He had already been there a month when

he resigned aan saar-la Sahar ihnaak min garrar

yistigiil 3 (no equivalent) How much is this?

haada bee’? -— The man is a merchant 1-rijjaal

huwoa taajir or r-rijjaal fadd waazid taajir ~ His

name is Salih ?isma saaliz They are all company

employees kullhum mustaxdamiin bi&8-Sartka —— He

is ill huwwa marii§ He seems to be ill ybayyin

(huwwa) marii$ The children are playing in the

street j-jihaal da-yiléabuun bid-darub If I were

you, I’d forget the whole thing loo ?aant

b-makaanak, ?ansa kull&1

there is, are - ?aku There are five men at the

door aku xams iryaajitl bil—baab

there isn’t, aren’t - ma—aku There isn’t anyone

at home ma-aku ?azzad bil—beet

there was, were ~— Caan ’aku There were many

people ahead of me aan aku hwaaya naas gablt

there wasn’t, weren’t — ma—Eaan aku There wasn’t

anyone at the door maaan aku Pazzad bil—baab

beach - balaaj- pl -aat We built a fire on the beach

$€alna naar €al—balaaj

bead - 1 xirzga pl xiraz How many beads are there

on this string? am xirza aku b-hal-xeet?

2 zabba pl -aat Beads of sweat covered his fore-

head zabbaat 1l-€arag gattat gussta

beads — glaada pl -aat, glaayid She lost

her beads on the way home from the party dayyfat

iglaadatha b-tariigha lil-beet imnil-—zafla

prayer beads - sibdza pl sioaz I never saw him

without his prayer beads in his hand ?abad

ma-Sifta min geer sibza b—?trda

beam - 1 jisir pl jsuura The roof was supported

by strong beams s-saguf Caan masnuud b-1j suura

gawiyya 2 Seelmaana pl -aat coll Seelmaan

The warehouse has a framework of steel beams

l-maxzan haykala min Seelmaan 3 Su€aắ pl

?a8i€Ea Throw a beam of light on it wajjth

Su€aắ Suwa €aÌ ee

to beam —- 1 %aSraq (u ?tšraag) Her face beams

every time he talks to her yiSruq wijihha kull—ma

yiztt wiyyaaha 2 Sa€& (i Vis€aa€é) The face of

the pious man beams with light wué&éé ir—rijjaal

ts-saaliz ySiéE nuur 3 wajjah (1 tawjiih) This

program is being beamed to the Middle East hal-

manhaj tmwajjah ?ila §-Sarg 1l-? awsat

beans - faasuuliyya

broad beans — baagillaaya pl -aat coll baagilla

bear - dibb pl dibaba Are there any bears in this

forest? °%aku dibaba b-hal—gaaba?

to bear - 1 tzammal (a tazammul)

the suspense any longer

hal—gumuud bafad He has to bear all the responsi-

bility himself huwwa wazda Laazgim yitzammal kull

tl-mas?uultyya 2 Saal (1 feel) n- This date

tree didn’t bear last year han—naxla ma—Saalat

I can’t bear ma-agdar atzammal

ts-sana l-faatat 3 wilad (i wilaad) n—- She

bore her first child when she was eighteen wildat

Pawwal tifilha min Eaan Eumurha Omanta€aš

to bear down - 1 daas (u doos) n- Don’t bear

down so hard on, the pencil, it might break

la~tduus €al-qalam zeel, tara yinkisir

2 twajjah (i) The car bore down upon us at a

terrible speed s-—sayyaara twajjhat €aleena b-suréa

haa?la 3 ditgat.(u dagit) n- The boss is

beginning to bear down on us more everyday

l-mudiir gaam yudgut €aLeena ?ah0ar yoom €aÌa yoom

to bear fruit = ?a0mar (i ?t@maar) The apricot

trees did not bear much fruit this year ?aŠ7dar

+ Ù—mt+ ŠmtŠ ma-?aØmtrat has-sana After many years,

his efforts finally bore fruit ba€ad thưuaayda

sniin, juhuuda ?axttiran ?a@mirat

bearable -— mumkin tztimaala It is bearable for a

while, but not continually haada mumkin 1z7timaala

fatra bass muu €ala tuul

to he bearable - ntaag (a ntaaga), nzimal

(4 nzimaal) The heat is still bearable Jl-—zarr

bắda yinzgimil

beard ~ lizya pl liza He has a long beard huwwa

mtawwil-la lizya ~— I’m letting my beard grow

to have bearing on - ’ila €alaaga b-

ing does that have on what we’re doing?

$-tla €alaaga bi 8-$11 d-da-nsawwii

beast - 1 daabba pl dawaabb The horse, the donkey

and the mule are beasts of burden l-izsaan wuz-zumaal wil—baga]l dawaabb 2 zaywaan pl -aat,

zwaawtin He paced up and down in the room like a caged beast raaz w-jaa bil—gurfa miOl i1l-—zaywaan tl—mazsuur

beat ~ 1 nabud His heartbeat has become stronger

nabud galba saar ?aqwa 2 dagga pl —aat, darba

pl -aat Count the heartbeats %1zs1b daggaat tl—galub

to beat ~ 1 ơirab (u dsarub) n-, busat (u basit)

n- If you keep on throwing stones at my car, [’1l beat you up ??zða tộaiL 1t81bb izjaar €ala

sayyaarti, tara ?abustak 2 dagg (u dagg) n- If you want to beat your drum, go outside 13a tritd

ttdugg tablak, ?1ttla€é barra ~- Her heart was beating wildly from fear galubha šaan da-ydugg zeel imnil—

xooƒ 3 ttrag (u tarig) n- Beat two eggs %utrug

beedteen 4 gilab(u gulub) n- We beat them in

today’s game ’1zna glabnaahum bil-Liéib il-yoom

3 stbag (t sabiq) n- He beats me to work every day yitsbigni 118-Sugul kull yoom

to beat down - gass (u gass) n- I was able to

beat down the price 10 Dinars gdarit ?aguss €aSr

tdnaantir mnts—siétr

to beat in — xubat (u xabut) n-, mizaj (i maziz)

n- Beat the eggs into the mixture ?uxubtt

t~beeơ tb-haÌLk-xaÌttt

to beat off - tarrad (i tarid) t- I beat off the dogs with a club tarradit 1l-iélaab ib-tuuOiyya

to beat up ~ busat (u basit) n—, ồtrab (u ồarub)

n-, kital (1 katil) n- They beat him up bustoo

**Beat it! mail?!

beautician - ?axtssaa?t (pl ~tyytin) bit-tajmiil beautiful - 1 zilu, jamiil, badiié What a beautiful

day! Sloon nahaar zilu! The bride is a beautiful

girl l-€aruus ibnayya zilwa 2 badaafa, mumtaaz

He did a beautiful job on that sawwa Sagla badaắa

What bear- haadaak

b—~haaồa

beautifully — kullis zeen Your daughter sews beautifully bintak itxayyit kulli¥ geen

to beautify - jammal (i tajmiil) t- The plans for

beautifying the city are almost finished Jl-xitat

il-tajmiil il-madiina €ala waSak tithayya? "

beauty - 1 jamaal They stood there a long time enjoying the beauty of the sunset wugfaw ihnaak

mudda tuwiila yitmattafuun ib-jamaal il—guruub

2 badaafa, falla She’s a real beauty! hiyya badaafa or hiyya sudug falla —— The fish we caught

were beauties s-—simat is-sidna &aan falla

beauty parlor - saaloon (pl -aat) tajmiil

became —- see become

because ~ 1i-?an, b-sabab He didn’t come because he

was sick ma-—jaa li-?an aan mariid’ I didn’t buy

it because the price wasn’t agreeable to me

ma-Stireeta Li-?an is—si€ir ma-waafagni

because of - 1 Jli-?an, b-sabab Ali, I’m going

to be late because of you ya €ali, ?aani

raz—at?axxar ib-sababak 2 fala muud, l-xaatir

I did it because of her sawweeta ala muudha ——

I don’t want you to do it just because of me

ma—artidak itsawwitha bass il-xaatiri

to become —- saar (1), ’asbaz (a) What became of them? S-saar minhum? or ween ?asbizaw? What has

become of my purse? jtzgdaani ween saar? It has become a matter of ‘‘pull’’ Jl-gadiyya ?asbazat

waasta

to be becoming — laag (u) l-

becoming to you hal—Loon thwaaya yluug—lie That color is very

bed - 1 fraa& pl furis I want a room with two beds ariid gurfa bitha fraaSeen —-— My bed hasn’t

been made fraaSi ma~msawwa 2 sartir pl sraayir

The government is building a new hospital ‘vith 80 beds l-zukuuma da—tibni mustaSfa jidiid bii Omaantin sartir .3 arpaaya pl -aat Where was

this bed (stead) made? had&—larpaaya ween mắmuul a?

4 jituwa pl jiwaw I want you to weed the rose beds today aritdak tiSla€ il—zaSiiS min jiwaw tl-warid tl-yoom 5 gaa€iyya pl -aat Put the

17

box in the middle of the truck bed gutt 1s-sanduug

ib-nuss gaaéitt 1l-loort

**He must have gotten up on the wrong side of the

bed today hAuwwa ma-adri b-wijy man +msabbug

hal—yoom

to go to bed — naam (a, noom)

nimit mit?axxtr

to put to bed — nawwam (u tanwiim) t-, nayyam

(i tanwiim) t- Tell the nurse to put the children

to bed early guul lil-murabbiya tnayyim 1j-jthhaal

min wakit

to stay in bed ~ buga (a) bil-ifraag, Sall (a)

bil-ifraaS He still has to stay in bed bda€da

laazim yibga bil-ifraas

bed bug — baggat l-ifraas

bed clothes - faraatif

bedding - l—furi§ wié-Earaaéif Air the bedding today

hawwi l-furi§ wi é—Earaatif hal—yoom

Bedouin — badwi* pl -iyyiin coll badu

bed pan — gi&€aada pl -aat

bed rock — t—tabaga s—saxriyya

bed room - gurfat (pl guraf) noom, gubbat (pl gubab,

gbaab) noom

bedspread - fartaf pl Caraatif, gita maal zfraasg

bedstead — sariir pl sraayir (wooden), €arpaaya pl

-aat (metal)

bee — nazla pl nazal, zanbuur pl ganaabiir

beech tree - zZaan

beef ~ iagam hooš

+L~hoo š?

beehive -— kuurat (pl kuwar) nazal, kuurat (pl bumar)

ganaabitr

been — see be

I went to bed late

Do you like beef? 77606 lagm

beer — biira I’d like a glass of beer, please

Paritd fadd iglaas btira, rajaa?an

beet — Swandara pl -aat coll Swandar

beetle - xunfusaana pl —aat coll xunfusaan The

beetles have eaten all the leaves Jl-—xunjfusaan

?aklaw kull warag 1§-Sajar

before -— gabul I’11 be there before two o’ clock

raz—akuun thnaak gabl is—saa€a Oneen —— The

telegram should be there before evening Jl—barqiyya

laazgim toosal ihnaak gabl il—migrub Call me up

before you come xaaburni gabul-ma t1j1

**Business before pleasure S—Sugul gab] 11-l1&1b

before long - 1 ba&éd iSwayya Before long he’ll

be able to help you raz-yitgdar y€aawnak baéd

tSwayya 2 dall iSwayya Before long the money

we’ve been saving will come to a hundred dinars

Sall itSwayya l—-fluus il-da-nlimmha tstir miit ditinaar

never before —- ma gabul ?abad, b-€wmr^

ma- J’ve never been there before ?aani ma-raayiz

L-ihnaak gabul ’abad or b-fumri ma-rizit l-ihnaak

the day before - 1 gabl ib-yoom It had rained

the day before mutrat gabl ib-yoom 2 l-yoom

+s-saabtq i- [| didn’t get my passport until the

day before I left ma-zassalit paaspoorti Lil-yoom

+sS—-sSaabt+q ts—safari

the day before yesterday - ’awwal il-baarza He

was here the day before yesterday Caan thnaa

?awwal tl-baarza

beforehand - li~giddaam I knew it beforehand aani

Erafitha li-giddaam

to beg - 1 jadda (1 jidya)

day begging in the market yigSi mu€&Sam yooma yjaddi

bis-suug 2 twassal (a twissil, tawassul) b-

The children begged their father for some money

l-?atfaal itwasslaw b—abuuhum €ala Eam filis ——

They begged us to help them twasslaw biina

nsaa€tdhum

beggar - 1

There’s a beggar at the door

**Beggars can’t be choosers

bil—maqsuum or l—butar mưu 2een

to begin - 1 bida (i badwa, bidaaya) n- When did

you begin working in your present job? Swakit

bideet tiStugul 1b-wadiiftak 17-jtdi1da? 2 ballag

(i tablii§) t- The 011 company has begun drilling

Sarikt in—nafut ballS§at bil-zafur —- As soon as

they met on the street, they began to curse one

another min itlaagaw bi§-Saari€ ballSaw ySattmuun

waazid €al—laax 3 gaam (u giyaam) All at once,

the donkey began to bray fuj?atan, l-igmaal gaam

y700€?r

to begin with ~ ?awwalan, gabul kull&i

with, we haven’t got enough money

ma-€tdna ƒLuus kaafya

beginner —- mubdtadi? pl -tin

ba€da mụb tad+?

He spends most of his

mgaddt pl mgaadi, mjaddi pl mjaadt

?aku mjaddi bil-baab

beginning - bidaaya The box office remains open until

10 minutes after the beginning of the film mazall

tl—-bitaagaat yibga maftuuz €aSir dagaayig baéad btdaayt tÌ—ƒtLtm

to begrudge - zisad (i zasad) Why should he begrudge

me my job? JleeS yizsidni fala wadiifti? —— I don’t begrudge him his success, he deserves it ma-azisda

fala najaaza, huwwa yistazigqga

on behalf of - bin-niyaaoa Can

on behalf of our organization

btn-ntyaaba €an mu? assasatna

to behave - 1 tsarraf (a tasarruf) He doesn’t know how to behave ma-yuéruf Sloon yitsarraf

2 t?addab (a ta’addub), zassan (i tazsiin) t-

stluuk™ Behave yourself! t?’addab, zassin

stluukak! or sttr xoo§ walad!

behind - wara There’s a garage behind the house

?aku garaaj wara l—beet -— The attack came from behind ?ija l-hujuum min wara

to he behind - 1 t?axxar (a t?uxxur)

is always ten minutes behind saa€ati daa?iman mit?axxra €aštt daqaaytq 2 ayyad (1 ta?yiid) t-

All the people are behind the president of the

republic kull in—naas y?ayyiduun ra?tis tj-jamhuuriyya 3 wara Who's behind this project? minu wara hal—-maSruu€?

to fall behind - t’?axxar (a t?uxxur)

fallen behind in his work

to leave behind - 1 tirak (u tarik) n

to leave our trunk behind dtarreena nitruk

sanduugna 2 xalla (i) We left the dog behind

to watch the house xalleena t-Ealib ydiir baala

Eal—beet

belch - taryuuéa pl ~aat

to belch - ttaryaé (a ttiryié)

and began belching a lot

2 €tigaad Belief in superstitions is wide-spread

among illiterates Jl-i€tigqaad bil-xaraafaat Saayié been 11-?ummiyyiin

to believe ~ 1 saddag (i tasdiig) t- Don’t believe anything he says la-tsaddig ?ay sii l-yguula

2 Etigad (1 Etigqaad) [ don’t believe he did it

?aant ma—aftigid huwwa sawwaaha

to believe in — ’aaman (7) b- Do you believe in his sincerity? inta t?aamin b-ixlaasa?

bell - jaras pl jraas The bell doesn’t work

j-jaras ma—-yiStugul

belligerent - 1 muSaakis pl ~-iin He is always belligerent and rude to the people that work with

him huwwa daa?iman muSaakis w-xaSin wiyya n—naas

tl-yiStagluun wityyaa 2 mitzaarubd pl -itn They have arranged a truce between the two belligerent nations dabbiraw hudna been 1d-dawilteen tl-mitzaarubteen 3 mitxaasum pl -iin The leaders of both the belligerent parties have been

arrested guéamaa? 1l-fartigeen il—mitxaasmeen twaqqfaw

bellows - 1 minfaax pl manaafiix Where can J buy

a pair of bellows? ween ?agdar ?aStiri minfaax?

2 jraab The bellows on my camera is ripped Can you fix it? Jl-ijraab maal kaameerti maSguug, tigdar itsall za?

belly - 1 batin pl btuun This strap goes around the horse’s belly has-seer yiltaff €ala batn tl-tzsaan -~ The plane made a forced landing and

slid two hundred meters on its belly ft-tiyyaara nizlat niguul tdtiraari we2tzfat €ala batinha mitteen matir 2 kari§ pl krưuš He has a very big belly ¿nđa kartš štbttr

to belong to - 1 €aad(u) l-

to the oil company hal-ibnaaya t&uud i8-Sarikt

in-nafut 2 xass (uw) These files belong to the Personnel Section hal-faaylaat itxuss šu€bat

tò-ồaattiyya 3 maal Who does this car belong to?

has-sayyaara maal manP 4 (aan) &udu b- He also

belongs to the club huwwa hamm €udu bin-naadi below - 1 jawwa The temperature here seldom gets

below zero darajt il-zaraara hnaa naadir tingil jawwa s-sifir 2 tazat The Dead Sea is below sea-level Jl-bazr il-mayyit tazat mustawa l-bazar

belt - 1 gzaam pl zizim Do you wear a belt?

tilbas izzaam? 2 gaayiS pl -aat My pump needs

anew belt makiinti yird-ilha gaayiS jidiid

**He’s got a few under his belt Sirab-la &am

I want to thank you

?azibo ?aSkurak

My watch

He has huwwa mit?axxir 1b-Sugla

We had

He ate radishes Pakal fijtl wgaam

This building belongs

bench 18

peek this bargain %a€tigid gtlabna b-has-safqa

**That’s hitting below the belt haadi nadaala **This cold will get the best of me hAal-naSla bench — mastaba pl -aat, masaatibd The benches were ma~raz-itxalli biyya zeel

just painted l-mastabaat tawwha masbuuga to make the best of — rida (a rasi) b- We don’t

bend ~ ?ooƒa pl -aat, lawya pl -aat We can cross like our new apartment, but we’1ll have to make the

the river at the bend nigdar nu€bur i5~Satt best of it mati€jibna Siqqgatna j-jidiida laakin btl-loofa Laagim niréa bitha

to bend - 1 €ưuma? (u a1) n-, luwa (1 lawi) n— | bet - rahan pl ruhuun When are you going to pay me

He bent the wire €ưma? is—siim 2 maal (1% mayl, the bet? Swakit rag—-ttdƒa€-lt r—rahan?

mayalaan) The tree bends when the wind blows **That’s your best bet hadaak ?azsan §11 ?tlak

$-Sajara tmiil min yhtdob il-hawa 3 gina (i zani) to bet — 1 traahan (a taraahun) fala Want to

n- Bend your head forward %1zgni raasak li—giddaam bet? titraahanP 2 raahan (i muraahana) I1’11

**We must bend every effort Jlaazgim nibdil kull bet you haven’t seen anything like this before

majhuud ?araahnak ?1nta ma—Saaytf S11 miGil haada gabul

to bend down - nassa (i tanstya) t- I can’t bend to bet on - liéab (a li€éib) n— €ala, traahan (a)

down %aani ma—agdar anassi Gala I bet five dinars on the black horse ?aan? beneath - 1 jawwa He was buried beneath the tree ?al€ab xams idnaaniir €al-izsaan 1l—aswad

huwwa ndifan jawwa §-Sajara -— I put it beneath all to betray - 1 xaan (u xiyaana) n He betrayed his

the other papers xalleetha jawwa kull 11-—?awraag best friend xaan ?azsan ?asdigaa?a 2 xayyab

il-luxra 2 ?anzal min That’s beneath his level (i taxyitb) She betrayed my confidence h¿yyø

hadtil Panzal min mustawaa xayybat Otqtt

benefactor ~ nastir pl nusaraa?, fadiid pl fupadaa?, better - 1 ’azsan Don’t you have a better room?

He was both a friend and a benefactor to me đan—Ì? ma -€indak @urƒa ?azsan? They got better after saditq wfadttd, củ they had practiced a little saaraw ?azsan

beneficial - mufiid pl -iin, naafi€ pl -iin The baéad-ma tmarrnaw Swayya Do you feel better? new treatment has proved very beneficial to my back tis€ur ?azsan? —~ We’d better go before it rains L-€ilaaj 1j-jtdiid ?abbat kawna jiddan mufiid ?azsan—-inna nruuz gabul—-ma tumtur —— You’d better 13-Sahri củ go ?agsan-Lak loo truuz

beneficiary - mustzƒ?td pÌ ~i:n He made me the to be better off - 1 ?agsan l- We'll be better beneficiary of his life insurance policy sawwaani off if we move to another house ?agsan-iwna ?iồa

l-mustafiid min €agd il—ta?miin €ala zayaata nitzawwal il~geer beet 2 (&aan) ?azsan We

benefit - faa?ida pl fawaa?id [ don’t expect to used to be better off before the war zaalatna get any benefit out of it ma-atwagqgat ?azassil faanat ?azsan gab] il-zarub —- We'd have been better

Pay saa?ida minha off without his help aan %azsan-inna bila

to benefit - faad (i faa?ida) n- The trip did musaaéada minna

not benefit us much s-safra ma~faadatna hwaaya to get the better of — gilab (u gulub) n- He

bent - 1 minzint He is bent with age huwwa tried to get the better of you raad ygulbak

mingini mnil-kubur 2 ?a€maj The nail is bent between - 1 been We'll meet between six and seven L-bismaar ?afwaj 3 maayil The tree is bent raz—nitlaayga been is—sitta wis-sabéa 2 beenaat, from the force of the wind ‘§-Sajara maayla min been This is just between you and me haadi beeni quewat il-hawa 4 mitqawwis, mgawwas His leg is w-beenak -— Just between us it’s his own fault

bent this way because he had rickets when he was l-zati beenaatna, tara suudca

young rijla mq aus hi©ểi Li~?am saar bii maraà **Honest people are few and far between -xooš

tl-kisaaz min Caan jaahil có awaadim galiiliin wnaadir yiltiguun

bent out of shape - mitf&awwij, mafwuuj, m&awwaj beverage - 1 (alcoholic) maSruubd pl —aat

The pan is all bent out of shape j-jtdir kulla 2 (non-alcoholic) murattibaat

mi tEawwt 7 ¬ to beware of — tgayyad (a tagayyud) min Beware of berry - no generic equivalent see specific kinds him! tgayyad minna! 2 daar (i deer) baal min berth — manaam pl -aat, fraa¥ pl furi§ I couldn’t Beware of pickpockets! diir baalak min Sarraabiin

get a berth in the late train ma~—gdarit ?azassil ijujiyuud

fala manaam bil-qitaar 1l-?axtir to bewilder - tzayyar (a tazayyur) I was completely

**Whenever I see her J try to give her a wide bewildered tzayyarit tamaaman

berth kull-ma ?aSuufha ?azaawil atjannabha beyond ~ 1 gaadi The house is beyond the river

beside - 1 yamm Please put this trunk beside the l-~beet gaadi mni - Satt 2 wara The house is

other one arjuuk zutt has-sanduug yamm is—sanduugq right beyond the hospital Jl-beet wara l-mustaSfa

itl~Laax Who’s that standing beside your father? tamaaman 3 ak@ar min, foog We are living

minu caak il-waaguf yamm ?abuukP - beyond our means da-nusruf ?ak@ar min taagatna, ~~

**That’s beside the point haadt wazzad Our neighbors are living beyond their means

to be beside oneself — txabbal (a txubbul, xbaal) jiiraanna da~y€iiSuun foog mustawaahum

He was beside himself when I heard the news txabbal **He is beyond help ma-‡giir-La šaara

ixbaal min simaé tl-xabar He was beside himself to go beyond — faag (u) That goes beyond my

with rage aan mitxabbul imnil-gadsab She was authority haaŠa yfuug sulutti

beside herself with grief Caanat mitxabbla biased — mitzayyiz, mugrid He is very biased hAuwwa mnil-zizin có , - kullis mitzayyia

besides - 1 dil-?t5aafa ?ila Besides his being a Bible - l-kitaab il—mugaddas

large landowner, he has a soap factory bil-?t5aafa | pi carbonate of soda - kaarboonaat

?ila kawna mugaari€ finda maémal saabuun = bicycle - paaysikil pl -aat, darraaja pl ~aat My

2 €alaawa €ala He’s a good worker, and besides, bicycle needs fixing Jl-paaystkil maali yirraad—la everybody likes him huwwa Saaguul w-€alaawa fala tasliiz

Saak kull waazid yzibba 3 Umaala And besides, bid — €ataa? pl -aat All the bids for the new build-

he is not related to me witmaala, humwa muu ing must be in by the fifteenth of the month kull

garaaybi 4 foog Besides his wages, he gets tips il-fataa?aat lil-binaaya j-jidiida laazim itkuun foog ?ujuura yzasstl baxŠttš ; thnaa gab} ¿xmusta€aŠš btš-šahar

best - 1 ?azsan We don’t want anything but the to bid - zaayad (i muzaayada) He bid ten dinars

best %i¢na ma-nritd geer il-?azsan I work best for the rug 2aayad €a8r idnaantir fas—sijjaada

in the morning s—subuz ?azsan waktt ?agdar ?aStagul big - &diir pl kbaar The live in a big house

bit I think this is the best way Pa€tiqud haaét ysuknuun ib~beet i&biir —— Her father is a big

?azsan taritqa 2 ?a£azz fle’s my best friend lawyer ?abuuha muzaami &biir He talks big

humwa ?afazz ?asdigaa?i 3 Vazyad sii I like yigši kbaar

your hair best this way Sa€ri& yrEjrbni hires **He’s a big shot now saar Saxsiyya hassa

?aaydd Sit ¬ bill - 1 gaa?ima pl gawaa?im We have to pay this

**Perhaps it’s all for the best belki bitha l—xeer bill today Jlaazgim nidfa€ hal-qaa?ima l—yoom

at best - mahma ykuun, S-ma ykuun At best, } 2 noot pl nwaat Give me some small bills,

potatoes are a very poor substitute for rice mahma please %arjuuk intiini nwaat isgayyra 3 laa?iza

thuun, tl-puteeta muu xooS bidal lit—timman pl lawaa?iz The bill was passed l-laa?iza

to get the best of - 1 gaSmar (w qašmara) t~ tsaddqat 4 mungaar pl manaagiir Storks have

We have to be careful that he doesn’t get the best long bills Jl-lagaalig €idha manaagiir itwiila

of us laazim indiir baanna zatta la—yqaSmurna 5 %i€laan pl -aat Posting bills is forbidden

2 2i}ab (u @u}ub) I think we got the best of here lasq il-?i€laanaat mamnuu€ ihnaa

“~

to fill the bill - wufa (i wafaa?) bil-maraam I not a bit -— wala Swayya, ?abadan, wala wusla

don’t think that these will fill the bill ma-aồunn There’s not a bit left maa baagi wala Swayya —- hasoola yoo fuun 61l-maraam There isn’t a bit of bread in the house ma-aku

to foot the bill - difaé (a dafié) l-izsaab Who's wala wuslat xubuz bil—beet ——

going to foot the bill for all this? minu raz-yidfaé |bite - 1 €a835a pl -aat The bite itches l-fadda

hull haada l-izsaab? tgukk -—- He took a bite out of the apple ’axad-la

to bill - dazz (i) gaa?ima Bill me for the

account dizg-li gaa’ima bil-izsaab

billboard - loozat (pl -aat) 1€laan

billfold - jtzdaan pl jizaadtin

billiards - bilyaard Let’s play a game of billiards

xal—-niléab fadd geem bilyaard

billion — bilyoon pl balaayiin, That runs into

billions haada yoosal ila balaaytin

to bind — 1 jallad (i tajliid) t- Can you bind

these magazines for me? tigdar itjallid—lt

hal-majallaat? 2 gtsar (1 zastr)

a little under the arms Can you let it out?

has-sitra tizsirni Swayya jawwa l-?ubut tigdar

itkabburha? 3 lizam (i) Your signature binds you

to fulfill the contract on time tawqii€ak yliamak

ib-?injaagz il-€agid €al—wakit 4 Sadd (1 sadd),

rubat (u rabut) The police bound the thief’s hands

with his handkerchief š-šurta šaddam ?i1deen

il-zaraami b-Caffiita Put glue on both surfaces

and bind them together tightly with wire zwt‡ gira

Eas-safizteen w-Siddhum suwa b-teel zeel

to bind up ~ Sammad (i tadmiid) Bind up his

wounds and give him two aspirins with some water

dammid ijruuza wintit ?aspiriinteen wiyya Swayya

maa

binder - 1 mujallid pl -iin The newspapers are at

the binder’s j-jaraayid find 1l-mujallid

2 mazfadsa pl mazaafid You'd better buy a binder

for those loose papers ’azsan loo tiStiri mazfadsa

l-hal—?awraag tl-mafluula

bindery — mazall (pl -aat) tajliid 1l—-kutub

binding ~ tajliid pl -aat The binding is damaged

t-tajliid talfaan

to be binding - (faan) mulaim This contract 1s

binding on both parties hal-faqid mulzim

€at—tarafeen

binoculars - doorbiin pl ~aat, naaduur pl nawaadiir

bird — teer pl tyuur What kind of bird is this?

Sinu nooێ hat-teer?

**A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

Easfuur bil-?tid %azsan min €asra €aS-Sajara., -~

**He killed two birds with one stone o1rab

€asfuureen b-tzjaara

birth - 1 miilaad pl mawaaliid, wilaada pl -aat

They announced the birth of their son €1tlnaw

mitlaad ?ibinhum

was an easy birth hal-marra l-wilaada Eaanat sahla

by birth - bil-wilaada Are you an American by

birth? ?inta ’amrtiki bil—wilaada?

date of birth — taariix il-wilaada You forgot to

put down your date of birth? ntseet itzutt taaritx

wilaadtak

place of birth - mazall il-wilaada My place of

birth is Bagdad mazall wilaadti bagdaad

birth control — tazdiid tn—nasil

birthday - iid mitlaad We are celebrating our son’s

birthday today da-niztifil ib-€iid mitlaad *tbinna

L-yoom

birthday party - zaflat €iid il-miilaad My wife is

giving a birthday party tomorrow for our daughter

Can you come? marti da-tsawwi zaflat €tid mii laad

il-binitna baatir, tigdar C171?

birth rate - nisbat il-wilaada The government is

concerned about the rapid rise in the birth rate

l-~zukuuma magqluuga mniz—ziyaada -tibtira b-nisbat

1l-wilaada

bishop ~- 1 matraan pl mataarna His uncle is a

bishop amma matraan 2 fiil pl fyaal You've

already lost one bishop and the game has just begun

nkital Eindak fiil wil-lié1b tawwa bida

bit - 1 L77aam pl -aat The horse’s mouth has been

injured by the bit zalg il-tzsaan majruuz

imnil-Lijaam 2 Swayya The tea is a bit strong

&-“aay Swayya toox -~ I’m sorry but you’ll have to

wait a bit longer

ba€ad tšmayya 3

of lint on your coat

sitirtak

**That’s going a bit too far Gaxxanitha

**That doesn’t make a bit of difference

?abadan

bit by bit - Swayya Swayya We learned the story

bit by bit €trafna l-iztaaya Swayya Swayya

nitfa pl nitaf There’s a bit

Paku nitfat gutin fala

This coat binds

2 wilaada, jeebuuba This time it

mit?assif laakin lLaagim tintidir

ma—yhimm

fadd €adsa mnit-tiffaaza 2

haven’t a bite left ma-buga €tdna wala wusla

3 lLlugma pl lugam Won’t you have a bite with us?

ma-taakul-lak fadd lugma wiyyaana?

to bite —- 1 €a35 (a €a55) n— Will the dog bite?

E-Calib y&adss? 2 nigar (u nagir) The fish are

biting well today s—simaé da—-yungur zeen hal—yoom

**T tried twice but he didn’t bite nisabit-la

fuxx marrteen lLaakin ma-wugaé or dabbeet—la tuféum marrteen laakin ma—nsaad

wusla pl wusal We

biting - gass (u gass)

fadd hawa yguss

bitter - 1 That tastes bitter baak taếma murr ——

He has had some bitter experiences marr 1b-tajaarub murra 2 qaast, Sadiid It was bitter cold aan

tl-bartd qaast 3 laduud pl %aliddaa® They are

bitter enemies humma ?a€daa? °aliddaa?

**They fought to the bitter end zaarbaw lil-moot bitterly — b-zurga, b-?alam, b-maraara He complained

to me bitterly tšakhaa-Ìt b-zurga

black ~ 1 (m) ?asmad (Ÿ) sooda pl suud His hair

is black Sa€ra ?asuad 2 a2unji* pl zunuu1

He has become a leader of the black people saayir

Z0Éttm +2—-2unuu1

to turn black - swadd (a) The sky turned black

before the storm d-dinya swaddat gabl +Ì-€aa§tƒa

black bird - zarzguur pl zaraazgiir

blackboard — sabbuura pl -aat, lawza pl -aat

it on the blackboard kitba €as—sabbuura

to blacken - sawwad (i taswiid) t- The smoke from the fire blackened the ceiling d-duxxaan imnin-naar

raz—yquum tb—tamriin ta€tiim baatir

to black out - €attam (i taétiim) t- The govern- ment has decided to blackout the city for ten

minutes Il-zukuuma garrtrat it€attim il-madtina L~muddat €aŠtr daqaaytdq

Black sea — l~bazr il-—?aswad

blacksmith - zaddaad pl -tin

bladder - maQaana pl -aat

blade — muus pl mwaas, mwaasa; raas zaadd pl ruus zaadda JI need a knife with two blades ’aztaaj

sitt&iina ?umm raaseen —- These blades don’t fit my

razor hal—-tmwaas ma-yirhamuun €ala makitnat 12-2tyaan maalti

blame - 1 mas?uuliyya pl -aat

for their mistake ?axad mas?uuliyyat galtathum fala nafsa 2 loom Don’t put the blame on me!

ta-tồtbb tì—Ìkoom €alayya

to blame - ¿aam (u loom) n-, bila (i balwa) n- Don’t blame me la-tibliint 911i ~- Under these circumstances I could hardly blame her b-hal-zaala kuLitš sa€ub ?agdar ?aluumha This child can’t be blamed for anything haada tifil ma—-yinlaam fala

Sut

to be to blame for - Caan muswif b-

blame for the collision? minu l-muswit bil-istidaam? blank ~ 1 stimaara pl -aat Would you help me to fill out this blank form? tigdar itsaafidni b~taris hal—istimaara? 2 faraag pl -aat Fill in all

blanks za&SSi kull il-faraagaat 3 (m) ?abyad (f)

beeda pl 61418 The envelope contained only a blank sheet of paper -daruf ma-bii geer warga beeòa

4 xaali Did you notice her blank expression?

Laazasit 1t§loon wujthha xaali min kull ta€bttr?

**My mind is a complete blank fikri waaguf

tamaaman

blanket - 1 battaaniyya pl -aat Take another blanket and you won’t be cold any more ?uxud

battaantyya lux w-ba€ad ma-tubrad 2 Saamil He

made a blanket statement which satisfied no one

sarraz tasritz Saamil ma-radsa %azzad

to blanket - gatta (i tgitti, tagtiya) A thick fog blanketed the airfield dubaad kaOitif gatta

It’s a biting wind haaéa

is going full blast Jl-maémal da-yiStugul

blaze 20 Z

LeeÌ~nahaar

to blast - 1 fajjar (1 tfijyir, tafjtir) t-

They’ re blasting a tunnel da-yfajyruun nafag

2 nisaf (1 nasif) n- The guerrillas blasted the

bridge last night Jl-fidaa?iyyin nisfaw 1j-jtsir

tl-baarza bil-~leel

blaze -~ 1 zariiq pl zaraayig The blaze destroyed

a whole block l-zariiq dammar kull il—mantigqa

Lli-been 1§-Saar€een 2 naar pl ntiraan Come

and warm your hands over the blaze taféaal w-daffi

?ttdeek €an-naar

to blaze (up) - ltihab (i ltihaab) Don’t put

kerosene in the brazier or the fire will blaze up

la-tzutt nafut bil—mangal tara n—naar tiltihib

blazing - laafiz We had to stand for half an hour in

the blazing sun dtarreena noogaf zawaali nuss

saafa jawwa $-Sams 1l-laafza

to bleach - 1 kiSaf (i kaif) The wash is bleaching

in the sun Jl-thduum da—tik81f 61 §-Samis

to bleed ~ nizaf (i nazif) My nose is bleeding

xaŠmt+ da-yinatf

to bleed to death ~ maat (u moot) mnin—-naziif He

nearly bled to death maat imnin-naztif ?1tlla

Swayya

blend ~ xadta pl -aat, xaliit, mazizj

blend I smoke myself

l-adaxxinha 6-11d1

to bless — baarak (i mubaaraka) t-

you! baarak allaa fitk!

blessing - baraka pl -aat, razma pl -aat It was

really a blessing that she came jayyatha Caanat

fadd ragma min ?alla —- Go with my blessing! ruuz

b1l—baraka

blew — see blow

blind - 1 g¿zm pÌ -aa¿

?asa€€td tì-qttmaat? 2

Eimyaan, basiir pl -iin This building is a home

for the blind hal-binaaya hiyya daar 1lil-E€imyaan —-

We helped the blind man across the street faawanna

r-rijjaal tl-?a€mi zatta yufbur 1§-Saarié 3 gaafil

I’m not blind to her faults ’aani muu gaafil €an

gal taatha

blind (in one eye) - (m) ?a€war (f) €00ra pl €uur

He’s been blind in one eye from birth aan ?a€war

tmnt l~wi Llaada

to go blind - &ima (a €ama) I hope he’s not going

to go blind ?at?ammal huwwa ma-yiéma

to blind - €ima (i €ami) n-

me $~Samts da~trEmiini

blind alley - darbuuna (pl daraabiin) ma-titlắ I

drove into a blind alley and kad to back all the

way out xaSSeet ib-darbuuna ma—titlắ widtarreet

?ar1a£ baah

to blink ~ ] r¿maš (¿ ramiŠ)

when I turned the light on rimaS €eena min Si€alt

id-Suwa 2 Si€al w-taffa (i-i) Blink your lights

to attract his attention ?1S8&1l1 wtaffi l-laayt

maalak zatta tijl1b intibaaha

blister - butbaata pl -aat, butaabiit He has a

blister on his foot €inda butbaata b-rijla

blizzard - faasifa (pl €awaasif) Galjiyya This is

the worst blizzard we’ve had in ten years haadi

Parzal Eaasifa Oaljiyya marrat €aleena b-xilaal

€ašŠr isniin

bloc ~ kutla pl kutal There are a number of

political blocs in Parliament aku €¿ddat kutal

styaastyya b1l-—barlamaan

block - 1 gitf&a pl gitắ

with these blocks of wood?

xišab? 2 muka€€ab pìÌ -aat Jamil, put your

blocks away jamiil, Summ il—-mukafééabaat maaltak

3 §aari€ pl Sawaarié Walk three blocks and then

turn right ??zmšt tla@ Sawaarté w-bắdeen duur

lLil~yimna

**The fire destroyed the whole block Jl-zartig

dammar kull 1l-ibnaayaat been haS~Sawaarié

1l-?arbắa

to block - 1 sadd (i sadd) n-, gita& (a gatié)

n~ The road is blocked t-—tartiq masduud

2 zatt (u) n— b-qaalab I’d like to have my old

hat blocked ?ariid Safiqti l-€atiiga tinzatt

tb-gaalab

blond - (m) ?aSgar (f) Sagra pl Sugur

hair €idha Safar ?aSgar

blonde - Sagra pl -aat Who's that good-looking

blonde over there? minu hadii& 18-Sagra l-zilwa

hnaak?

blood = damm pl dmuum, dimaa?

I make the

Paant ?asawei L—xabta

May God bless

Shall I pull up the blinds?

(m) ?ắmi (f£) Eamya pl

The sun is blinding

He blinked his eyes

What do you plan to do

S-raz-1tsawwi b—haÙ—qt ta€

She has blond

The doctor took a

blood shed ~ ?iraagat id—dimaa?

blood stain ~ lakkat (pl -aat) damm

blood type - nooé (pl

bloody - 1

bloom - l

blossom — |]

blot - lakka pl ~aat

blotch - tugéa pl tugắ

blow ~ darba pl -aat

sample of my blood d-diktoor ?axad numuudajz: min

dammi ~— She fainted at the sight of all the blood

on the floor xirbat min Saafat l-idmuum bil-gaắ

**Blood is thicker than water ?aani w-?axuuya

€ala bin Eammi w-?aant w-bin Eammi fala l-gariib

in cold blood - bala razgma They were murdered in

cold blood ngitlaw bala razma

**He shot them in cold blood

wala €inda bil-geed

rimaahum bir—-risaas

blood poisoning — tasammum id—damm

blood pressure - dagit damm He has high blood

€tinda dagit damm €aali

We must avoid blood-

Laazim nitfaada ?traagat

pressure

shed at all costs

td-dtmaa? 1b-?ay Gaman I blood shot - mizmarr His eyes are bloodshot from

loss of sleep €yuuna migmarra min gqillat in—noom k

The bloodstains

on my shirt will not come out Jlakkaat id-damm €ala Goobt ma-titla€

?anwaắ) damm

mdamma His handkerchief was all bloody

Caffrita Eaanat kullha mdammaaya 2 damawi* Did

you hear the rumors about the bloody battle between the tribes sma€t 11-?1Saắaat fan 1l-—mắraka

d—damawiyya been 1l-f&aSaayir

warda pl —aat coll warid She picked the choicest blooms in the garden for us

gutfat-ilna ?azsan warid il~bil—bistaan 2 Sarix

He died in the bloom of his youth maat 1b-Sarix

šabaaba,

in bloom - mwarrad The apricot trees are now in

bloom ?aSjaar il-miSmiS hassa mwarrda,

to bloom ~ warrad (i tawriid)

bloom well last year

ts~-sana l-faatat

warda pl -aat coll warid

are falling off the pomegranate bushes

da~yooga& min Sajart ir—rummaan 2

the whole garden riizt il-giddaaz tirsat

1l-zadiiga

The carnations L-tgrinfil

to blossom - warrad (i tawriid)

will start to blossom next week

raz—-yitbdi ywarrid tsbuu€ 17-jaay

The page is full of blots

s-safza kullha lakkaat

to blot ~ naSSaf (i tanSiif) t- Blot the signature before you fold the letter naSSif tl-?imdaa? gabul-ma titwi l-maktuud

to blot out — sadd (i sadd) The trees blot out

the view l~?aSjaar itsidd il~manéar

to blot up — naSSaf (1 tan§iif) Blot up the ink

with a blotter naSSif il-zibir bin—niSSeef

What caused these red

blotches on your face? š-sabbab ha‡—-tuga€ 1l-zamra b—w1 E€akP

blotter - niSSeefa pl -aat coll niSSeef, niSSaafa

pl -aat coll niSSaaf Quick, give me a blotter!

ntitini ni§Seef bil-€ajal!

blotting paper - waraga (pl -aat) niSSaaf coll warag

niSSaaf I’d like three sheets of blotting paper

?art+t+d ttLa9 0araqaat nt+ššadƒ

That was a hard blow ðzzẽ

Caanat fadd darba gawiyya -—~- That blow struck home

d1t€ 1$-Sarba jatti b-makaanha or **had-dagga Sirbat

b1d—damaar

to blow ~- 1 habb (i habb) The wind is blowing from the North l-hawa da—yhibb imniS-—Simaal

2 gabb (u gabb) Last night a severe sandstorm

blew in on Baghdad l-baarza gabbat €ajja gawiyya fala bagdaad 3 dagg (u dagg) When do they blow taps? Swakit ydugguun buug in-noom? 4 dagg (u dagg), tawwat (u ttuwwut) t- Blow the horn three times dugg il-hoorin itla@ daggaat 5 soofar (1

msoofra) t- The umpire blew his whistle three times l-zakam soofar ib-saafirta tla@ marraat

6 nufax (u nafux) Blow on the coffee, 1f you want to cool it °unfux €al-gahwa ?tồa triid

ttbarridha

to blow away - l

l-warga taarat 2

blew the papers away

taar (1) The paper blew away

tayyar (i ttiyytr) The wind l-hawa tayyar il-warag

to blow one’s nose — muxat (u maxit) I have to blow my nose laagim ?amxut

to blow out - 1 taffa(i tatfiya) Take a deep breath and blow out the candle ?uxud nafas tuwiil

w—taffi $-Sam&éa 2 tagg (wu tagg) The old tire blew out t—taayar il-fatiig tagg 3 fakk (wu) b1 l—hawa Blow out the clogged tube fukk il-buuri

bluntly - **He told me the truth very bluntly

to blush - gmarr (a zmiraar)

boarder -

l-masduud b—waasitt il-hawa 4 zirag (i zarig)

Be careful you don’t blow out the fuse diir baalak

la-tagrig l-1ifyuuz

to blow over - 1 hida (a hiduu?) The storm will

blow over soon 1l-€aasifa raz—-tihda bafad iSwayya

2 burad (a) Her anger will soon blow over

gadabha raz-yibrad bafad tŠmayyd

to blow up - 1 nfijar (i nfijaar)

plant blew up mắmal il—baaruud infijar 2

(i nasif) The enemy blew up all the bridges

L-€adu nisaƒ kull ij-jisuur 3 nufax (wu nafux)

Blow up the balloons for the children ??zƒux

in-nuƒƒaaxaat lij-jthhaal

The powder

nisaf

We had a blowout on

the way home b-tartigna lil-beet saar &1dna panéar

(m) ?azgrag (f) zarga pl gurug She has

€¡dha €yuun 2urug zilwa

yoayyin

beautiful blue eyes

2 maghuur She looks blue this morning

Ealeeha maghuura hwaaya l—yoom

**He arrived out of the blue

mnis—Ssima

to get the blues — ngubas (u ngibaas) I get the

blues when it rains %angubud min timtur or nafst

tingubud min timtur

to turn blue - zragg (a) Your face has turned

blue with cold wit&ak tzragg imnil—barid

nigal aleena

blueing — Cuwiit

blueness - zaraag

blue print - xariita pl xaraayit, tasmitm pl

tasaamiim Show him how to read the blueprint

raawii Sloon yigra l-xariita

juruf €aali pl jruuf €aalya He’s build- ing his house on a bluff overlooking the river

da—~yibni beeta €ala juruf €aali ytill €as-Satt

2 gaSmara, balfa pl -aat That’s only a bluff

haadi muu ?ab6ar min fadd balfa

to bluff - 1 gqaSmar (u gaSmara) t- He’s only

bluffing hàồa da-yqašmwr 2 bilaf (1 balif)

n- When he took another card, I knew he was bluff-

ing min ?axad wargat il—lux firafit da~yiblif

**If I were you, I’d have called his bluff loo

Sint ib-makaanak, Eaan xalleeta yikSif Li€sbta

I made an awful blunder

Paani sawweet fadd galta fadii€a

?qZm: (f) €amya This knife is too blunt has—sit&iina kulli&S €amya

**Said is awfully blunt sắ€iid ytugg 11l-tztaaya

tb—-wutS il-waazid

tagg

tÌừ~gaqttqa b-wuÈš:

She blushes easily

hiyya tigmarr bil-Eajal

board - 1 looza pl -aat, lwaaz coll looz We need

some large boards niztaaj Cam looza Cbiira —— -

Write it on the board kitba €al-loozga 2 ”aktl

My board costs me more than my room ?akl1

ykallifni ?azyad min ?11jaart

on board (ship) - 6il-markad

actress on board ship with us

maShuura bil-—markab wiyyaana

on board (train) - bil-gitaar Is everybody on

board the train? l-kull rikbaw b1l—qitaar?

room and board — gurfa mắa ?akil How much do

you pay for room and board? Sgadd tidfa& €ann

il-gurfa ma€a 1l~?akil?

to board -~ 1 ’akal (u) b-ifluus I would like to

arrange to board with an Iraqi family ?ariid

9asawwi tartiib wiyya €aa?ila Eiraagtyya zatta

Paakul Eidhum b-ifluus 2 rikab (wu rukub) n- We

boarded the train in Washington rikabna l—qitaar

tb-waaSintin

**Do you take in boarders?

in-naas yaakluun ib~beetkum b-1fluus?

There was a famous faan aku mumad61la

Eidkum tart1i1b board of health — daa’irt is—sizza

to boast - 1 tbajjaz (a tabajjuz) Stop boasting!

ma-yeezi titbajjaz/ 2 tbaaha (a tabaahi) He 18

always boasting about how much influence his family

has €ala tuul yitbaaha b-nufuud €aa?ttta

boat - 1 dalam pl blaam We went fishing in his

boat rizgna nstid simắ bil—balam maala

2 markabd pl maraakub, baaxira pl bawaaxir

boat goes to Australia hal-markab yruuz

Safir

body - 1 jisim pl ?ajsaam, jasad pl ’ajsaad He

has a rash on his body €inda ira b-jisma ——

There are solid, liquid, and gaseous bodies ?aku

?ajsaam salba, wsaa’?la »wgaaaityya 2 Lassa pl

~aat, j100a pl j10a0 The body of the dog is still lying in the middle of the road JlaSSt 1&~Ealib ba€adha madbuuba b-nuss i§-Saari€ The body was

cremated j+-7100a nzirgat

**They barely manage to keep body and soul together

ma—Eidhum €aSa leela

in a body — b-jooga, b~jamaa&a They left the hall in a body til€aw imnil—qaắa b-joogathum bodyguard - zaaris pl zgurraas

to bog down — 1 tumas (u tamus) n- The car bogged down in the mud s-sayyaara tumsat bit—tiin

2 tammas (u ttummus) t~ This illness bogged me down financially hal-marad tammasni bid-deen boil - 1 dimbila pl dnaabil He has a boil on his neck €inda dimbila b-rugubta 2 (Baghdad boil)

?uxut pl xawaat That round scar on his face is a

Baghdad boil han-nadba l-imdawwra b-wut&a ?uxut

to boil - 1 faar (wu fawaraan), gila (i galayaan)

n- The water is boiling Jl-maay da-yfuur

2 fawwar (u tafwiir, tfuwwur) t- Boil the water before you give it to the baby fawwr il-maay

gaoul-ma tintii lij~jaahil Boil the vegetables

in salted water fawwr il-xudrawaat +b-maay wmiliz

3 silay (1 salig) n- Please boil the eggs two

minutes balla ?islig il~beed dagiigqteen

to boil with rage - gila mnil-gasab He was boil- ing with rage Caan da-yigli mnil—gadaod or **taan saayir naar

boiler - booylar pl -aat, gazaan pl -aat

boiler exploded tagg il-booylar

bold — jasir pl -itin, jari? pl -iin

bold statement haada tasriiz jari?

bolt - 1 bdburgi pl baraagi This nut doesn’t fit the bolt has-sammuuna ma—tirham €al—burgt

2 tool pl twaal There are only ten yards of

material left in this bolt bugat bass faSir yardaat iqmaa§ ib-hat-tool 3 lisaan pl -aat, Lisin; siqqgaata pl -aat Did you push the bolt shut? saddeet il-lisaan 4 saa€iga pl sawaắig The

news came like a bolt from the blue 811& il-?axbaar

niglat miOl is-saakigqa

to bolt - 1 zatt (u) siqgaata b- You forgot to bolt the garage door inta niseet itzutt

ts—stqqaata b-baab il-garaaj 2 Sadd (i Sadd),

rakkab (1) Bolt the plate onto the work bench Sidd tr-raasta €at-tizgaa 3 jimaz (a jmuuz) Suddenly the horse shied and bolted €ala gafla jifal

l-1zZsaan wjimaz

bomb — gumbula pl qanaabil, bamba pl -aat

district has been destroyed by bombs

kullha €aanat tmdammra b1l-ganaabil

to bomb - gisaf (u gasuf) n- The planes bombed the factory again during the night t-ttyyaaraat

gusfat tl-mắmal marra lux b1l-leel

bomber - gaasifa pl -aat The Air Force is using

a new type of long-range bomber Jl-—quwwa j-~jawwiyya

da—tistắmil noo€ jidiid imnil—qaasifaat bié1idt

1 l—-madad

bond ~ 1 sanad pl -aat He invested all his money

in stocks and bonds kull ifluusa Saggalha bil-—?’ashum wis-sanadaat 2 raabita pl rawaabut There’s a firm bond between the two friends aku fadd raabita

gawiyya been is-—sadiigeen

bone — €a5ma pl -aat, fadum pl €5aam Give the dog

a bone ntii 1i&&alib fadd fama —— He°s nothing

but skin and bones huwwa bass jild w€adum —- This fish has an awful lot of bones has—simé&a

‘malyaana €éaam

**He made no bones about his intentions

ma—zaawal ysawwi §11 jawwa 1l—fabaa

**I feel chilled to the bone da-aziss jimdat

1€daami

bonfire - naar pl niiraan

bonnet — klaaw pl -aat

bonus — €laawa pl -aat, minza pl minaz The

employees here get a bonus at the end of each year

L-mustaxdamiin thnaa yaaxduun t€laawa b-nihaayat

or sidd baab 1l-maktaba

hook end — sannaada (pl -aat) maal kutub

bookkeeper — muzaasib pl -iin

bookkeeping = muzaasaba, masik dafaatir

The That was a

The whole l~mantigqa

huwwa

Did you like the book?

booklet

booklet - kurraasa pl —aat

bookstore — maktaba pl -aat Were you in this book-

store? %inta xaaS§ 1b-hal—maktaba?

boom ~ 1 dawya pl -aat You can hear the boom of

the cannon tigdar tismắ dawyat 1l—madfa€

2 wakt in-niéma, wakt il-xeer He made all his

money in the boom during the war zassal kull

ifluusa b-wakt in-niéma ?a6naa? ¿Ì~garwb —— How do

you explain this sudden boom? Sloon itfassir

hal-xeer is-saar €ala gafla?

to boom - 1 lắlắ (i lắlắa), duwa (1 dawi)

He has a booming voice €inda soot yla€lt€

2 raaj (u rawaaj), edihar (+ adihaar) Our

business is booming now Sugulna hassa raaytj

to boost - sắ€ad (i tas€iid) t- The drought has

boosted the prices of wheat gillat từ-mutar

sa€€idat ?as€aar il-zunta

boot - 1 juzma pl juzam When I go fishing I wear

high boots lamma aruuz is-seed is—simat ?albas

juzma 2 pustaal pl pasaatiil Soldiers wear

black boots j-jinuud yilbasuun pasaatiil suud

to boot - cmaala, &laawa He paid me for my work

and gave me five dinars to boot dtfắ-li zaqqt

w-intaanit xams idnaantir 1&maala

to boot ~ fallag (i tatliig) t- They booted

him out of the coffee house alligoo mnil—gahwa

bootblack — sabbaag (pl sabaabiig) qanaadir

booth ~ 1 mazall pl -aat There were many display

booths at the fair aan aku hwaaya mazallaat €ar:ồ

bil-maZraộ 2 magsuura pl -aat I’m calling

from a phone booth da-axaabur min maqsuurat

talafoon

border — 1 ziduud (pl.) When do we reach the border?

Swakit noosal Llil-ziduud? 2 zaaSya pl zawaasz

The border of this rug is getting worn zaaSyat

haz-suuliyya saayfa

to be bordered by —- nzadd (a), (faan) mazduud b-

Holland is bordered on the south by Belgium

hoolanda mazduuda mnij-jinuud ib-baljitka

to border on — kaad (a2) yoosal l- That borders on

the ridiculous haada ykaad yoosal tl-darajt

is—saxaafa

border line - 1 ziduud The border line of my

property is marked by a row of trees ziduud mulkt

mEayyan ib-gatar ?aSjaar 2 bayna bayn That is a

border line case hal-gqadiyya bayna bayn

to bore - 1 ziraf (u suruf) n—- We'll have to bore

a hole through the wall ?¿zna laazim nigruf 2uruƒ

bil-zaayit 2 Sawwaj (i tduwuuj, tadwirz) t-

His speech bored me l-zadiiO maala Sawwajnt

to be bored = mall (i malal) n-, Saaj (u S007,

Sawajaan) I’m bored of always seeing the same faces

malleet min Soofat nafs il—wujuuh

boredom — Suwaaja I almost died of boredom

imnid—duwaaja ?illa Swayya

boric acid — zaamid il-booritk

to be born - nwilad (1), jaa (i jayya) lid—-dinya,

mawluud Where were you born? ?tnta ween

inwiladit? -~- She was born blind jattt lid-dinya

Eamya -—- My grandfather was born in Basra ’abu

jiddi nwilad bil-bagra

to borrow - tdaayan (a), tilab (u talab) She borrowed

the book from him tulbat minna l-iktaab

boson ~ sađir pl sduur

**They are bosom pals

boss - 1 ra%iis pl ru’asaa’

tu€ruf ir-ra?iis maali? 2

to his wife, she’s the boss

hiyya L-kull btl-kull

mitit

d00la ?asdigaa? toox

Do you know my boss?

L-kull bil-kull Talk

947i wiyya marta

**Who wouldn’t want to be his own boss? minu

ma-yriid ystir malik nafsa?

to boss (around) = t?ammar (a ta?ammur) Who gave

him the right to boss me around? minu ntaa sulta

yit?ammar €alayya?

to hotch up = xarbat (u xarbata) t- Your workman

botched the job up and you'll have to repair it

saan€ak xarbat i§-Sagla w-inta laagzim itsallizha

both - 6-Oineen Both brothers are in the navy

l~?uxwa 0-Gineen bil-bazriyya ——= We both visited

him %izgna Oneenna girnaa —— I like to do both

equally well yi€jibnt ?asawwi 0-Oineen 1b-duun

tafdiil

bother - 1 kuluufa pl -àt

I’m always at your service

°aani daa?iman bil-xidma 2 dooxat raas Getting

ready for the holiday is a big bother l-istiédaad

lil-€iid dooxat raas Sibiira —- His constant

questions are getting to be a bother ’as?tlta

l-mitkarrira saarat dooxat raas 3 magaG0a

It’s no bother at all

ma~aku ?ay kuluufa,

boundary - zadd pl ziduud

to be bounded by - (&aan) mazduud b-

boundless — ma—la zadd

bounds — zadd pl ziduud

22

job is all bother and strain with no profit in it haS—Sagla ma—bvitiha geer 1l—-magadGa w-Sil€aan

tl-galub w-maa min waraaha faa’ida 4 t2€aaj

Pardon the bother, but I have to see you ’arju

lL-mafdtra Ean ?tz€aajak, laakin laagim ?aSuufak

to bother - 1 2i€&aj (i ?ta€aa7) n- Please

don’t bother me! ?%arjuuk la-tiz€éijni Does my cigarette smoke bother you? d-—duxxaan maal jigaarti da—yzi€jak? -~ Does the cough bother you much?

l-gazza da—tzi€éjak ihwaaya? 2 dawwax (u tduwwux,

tadwiix) t- raas [I really hate to bother you

?aani bil—zaqiiga ma—ard adawwux raasak I can’t

bother with that ma-agdar adawwux raasi b-8i2€.,

3 ga06 (u ga00) n—- What’s bothering you? Sinu l-gaaOGak? or ?inta min eeš magOuuO? or §-da-yguOGak?

4 ?annab (i ta?niid), €ad8ab (1 ta€diid) His

conscience bothered him Samiira ?annaba

to bother oneself ~ tkallaf (a takalluf)

don’t bother yourself on my account ’arjuuk

La-titkallaf fala muudt

Please

Shall I get a few bottles of beer? tirduun ?ajiib fam butil bzrra? —— I’d like a bottle of ink Y%ariid §ii8at

Bottoms up! ~ &a&b ’abya$! 2 asaas pl ?usus

We have to get to the bottom of this affair ?izna

laazim nu€ruf ?asaas hal-qadiyya 3 %a€maag I thank you from the bottom of my heart °’aSkurak min ?a€maaq galbi 4 jawwaani* Your shirts are

in the bottom drawer Oyaabak bil-imjarr

1l—jawwaani

from top to bottom —- 1 min foog li-jawwa

searched the house from top to bottom dawwraw

tl-beet min foog li-jawwa 2 mnir-—-raas 11&—-Eắab

The policeman searched me from top to bottom

Šš-šurtt ƒattaŠnt mnir-raas Liš-ša€ab

to reach rock bottom ~ œusal (a) il-’asfal darak We’ ve reached rock bottom! Things can’t get worse

wsalna l-?asfal darak! l-zaala ma—mumkin itsiir

?at€as

to touch bottom — gayyaS (i gee¥) Can you touch

bottom here? tigdar itgayyiS ihnaa ~— The boat has touched bottom Jl-dalam gayyaS

gumas (u gamuz)

They

This ball doesn’t

bounce hat—tooba ma—tugmuz 2 gammaz (u tagmtiaz, tgummuz) t- He bounced the ball huwwa gammaz

tt—tooba

to get (or be) bounced — ntirad (i) He was bounced yesterday ntirad il—-baarza

bound ~ 1 mattaf We found the man bound with a

sheet lLigeena r-rijjaal imtattaf ib-Caréaf

2 mjallad JI bought a book bound in red leather

§tireet iktaab imjallad ib-jilid %azmar 3 mirttbtt

I am bound by contract to finish this building in two months ?aant mirtibit ib-fagid %axallis

hal-tbnaaya b-Sahreen

to be hound (for) — twajjah (i) Vila

is bound for America

Pamrtiika

**She’s bound to be late

kull budd

**It was bound to happen sooner or later

Pawwal w-taali ma-—Caan minna mafarr

There is no boundary separating his property and mine ma-—aku zadd

faasil been mulka w—mulki

mazduuda mnij-jinuub b-iswiisra

He has boundless sel f- Otqta b-nafsa ma—lha zadd

His greed knows no bounds

confidence

tamắa ma—la zadd

out of bounds - 1 ƒoog zadd The price he is asking is way out of bounds s-siér il-da-ytulba foog kull ;add 2 ’aawt The ball went out of

bounds t-tooba til€at aawt

within the bounds — Simin ziduud I don’t care what you do so long as you stay within the bounds

of decency ma~-adiir baal i3-ma-tsawwi tuul—ma

kL-

tibga dtmin ziduud in-nazaaha

bouquet - Sadda pl -aat, baaga pl -aat

you get that beautiful bouquet of roses?

haš-šaddat il-warid il-zilwa?

bow - 1 sadir pl sduur I like to stand at the

bow of the ship ytéjibni ?oogaf 1b6-sadr il—markab

2 zanya pl -aat He greeted me with a polite

bow of the head zayyaani b-—zanyat raas mu?addaba

to bow - 1 nzina (i) He bowed and left the

stage nzina wtirak 1l—masraz 2 gina (1 zanr)

n— He bowed his head in shame z1na raasa

mnil-xajal 3 xida€ (a xuduu€) He bowed to his

father’s wishes xiSa€ tl-ragbat abuu

bow ~ 1 7 gaws pl °aqwaas, gooz pl gwaaza Boys

like to play with bows and arrows Jl-wilid yzibbuun

yli€buun bil-gooz win-niSSaab 2 qurdeela pl

-aat She had a pretty bow in her hair Caanat

Laabsa gurdeela zilwa b-Sa€arha 3 qaws pl

?aqmaas The violinist is tightening the strings

of his bow l-kamanjaati da-ydubb ixyuut 1l-gaws

maala 4 €awaaj pl -aat This pole has a bow

in it Find me a straight one hal-famuud 611

€awaaj %ilgii-li waazid €adil 5 yadda pl ~aat

Can you adjust the bows of my glasses? tiqdar

ttéaddil~li yaddaat mandarti?

bowl -— mindaasa pl -aat, manaagiis, taasa pl -aat

Put these apples into a bowl gutt hat-tiffaazaat

tb-fadd min&aasa

to bowl over — siéag (a) n- I was bowled over

when I heard the news nsi€éagit min simt€t 1l-xabar

bovlegged - (m) ’a&waj (f) f00ja pl fuuz; mgawwas

He’s bowlegged rijla €oo0ja or rijla mqawwsa

bow tie -— warda pl -aat Teach me how to tie a bow

tie E€allimni Sloon aSidd warda

box - 1 sanduug pl snaadiig, quutiyya pl qwaatt

Shall I put the shoes in a box? “azgutt 1l-qundira

b-guutiyya? I have another box of cigars €indt

guutiyya lux t€ruud -—- Would you drop this letter

in the box for me? tigdar itdibb-lt hal-maktuub

tb-sanduug il-bariid? 2 looj pl -aat, Luaa1,

maqgsuura pl ~aat All boxes are sold out for the

play kull il-loojaat maal ir-ruwaaya mabyuu€a

to box — laakam (1 mulaakama),

Would you like to box? t71bb titlaakam?

boxer — 1 mulaakim pl -iin He has become a famous

Where did

me e L— Lab

boxer saar mulaakim Sahiir 2 €alib (pl Elaab)

booksar My brother brought back a boxer from

England ’axuuya jaab wiyyaa falitb booksar min

?t+nøợt Ltara

box office -— mazall (pl -aat) bitaagaat

office 1s open from ten to four

maftuuz imnil—-€aSra lil-?arbaéa

boy -~ 1 walad pl wulid This boy is Ali’s son

hal-walad ibin €ali 2 saani€ pl sinnaaé I’'11

have the boy deliver them raz-axalli s—saani€é

yjtib-tlkum—tyyaahum

**Boy, what a night!

boycott — mugaataéa pl -aat

nSaalat 1l—-mugaataga

to boycott -— gaataé (i mugaataéa) t- We should

boycott foreign products laagim inqgaatté

tl-masnuu€aat 11l-’ajnabtyya

hoy scout — kaSSaaf pl kaSSaafa

the Boy Scouts to take part in the parade

imnil-kaSSaafa yiStarkuun bil-isti€raas

boy’s school ~ madrasa (pl madaaris) maal wulid

That’s a boy’s school hadiiet madrasa maal wulid

brace — 1 maSadd pl -aat He's still wearing a

brace on his left leg huwwa ba€éda laabits mašadởd

Eala rijla l-yisra 2 masnad pl masaanid This

chair needs four braces to hold it firm ?hal-kurst

yinraad-La ?arba€ masaanid ttìiazma 3 miaraf pl

magaaruf, bariina pl baraayin Get a brace and bit

and drill the holes in this board where I have

marked j11b mizraf w-sawwt zruuf 1b-hal-looza

bil-makaanaat il-?aSSari tha

to brace -— gawwa (i tagwiya) Brace the corners

with wooden cross-pieces qauwwi 2g-zuwaaya b-xiSbaat

€urdaantyya

to brace oneself - 1

yourself, here they come tzadSar, tara ?1jam

2 ðabb (+ 5abd) n— nafs~ They both braced them-

selves against the door and didn’t let anyone in

Oneenhum dabbaw nafishum wara l-baab w-ma—xallaw

%azzad yxuss

to brace oneself up — naSnaS (i) t- I need a shot

to brace me up ?artid-li fadd peek zatta Panasnt§

**Brace up! Sidd zeelak! or t§ajja€!

to be braced — nsinad (i) The wall will need to

The box mazall il—bitaagaat

yaa yaaba Sloon leela!

The boycott was lifted

They have asked

bracket —- 1] €ikis pl Ekuus

for the shelf has come loose waazid min t€huus

tr-rafy maSluu€ 2 qams pÌ ?aqmaas Put the foreign words in brackets zgutt il-kalimaat

tl-°ajnabtyya been gawseen 3 f1?a pl -aat My

last raise put me in a higher income-tax bracket

tarƒfttết Ì—?axitr zattni b-fi’a maal ðarttbt

braid - 1 gsitiba pl gtsaayio, Sufiira pl dufaayir

I admire her thick braids %aani mu€jab ib-gisaaytbha

l-mitiina 2 Sartit pl Saraayit The doorman

was wearing a uniform ornamented with gold braid

L—bawwaab Caan laabis badla mzarkaSa b-Saraayit ồahab

to braid ~ ôuƒar (u dafur) n- Her mother braids her hair for her ?ưmnha tuồƒur-+Lha ša€atha

brain — muxx pl mxaax, damaag pl ’admiga The bullet penetrated his brain r—-r+saasa xaššat tb~damaa¿a ~- He hasn’t a brain in his head

ma—Einda muxx or haada muxx si2z

to rack one’s brain - Saggal (1 taSgiil) fikr~,

dawwax (u tadwiix) raas~ There’s no use racking your brains over it ma-zaaja tSaggil fikrak thwaaya bitha

to brain — kisar (1 kasir) n— raas If you do that again I’ll brain you ’aksir raasak ?15a tsawwiitha

marra Lux

brake -— oreek pl —aat

lL-tbreek ma—yiStugul

to put on the brakes - lizam (a) breek

to put on the brakes, but [I didn’t make it

zaawaltt ?alzam ibreek laakin ma~-lazzagtt

branch - 1 gusin pl gsuun, ?agsaan The wind broke

off several branches l-hawa kisar fam gusin

2 farté pl fruwvé Our firm has a branch in Mosul

Sartkatna €idha fari€é bil- moosil The bank has

two branches in town l-bang finda far€een

b1l-wlaaya

to branch — tfarraé (a tafarru€) The road

branches off here t-tariig yitfarraێ ihnaa

brand - 1 maarka pl -—aat What brand of cigarettes do

you smoke? ’ay maarkat jigaayir ?inta tdaxxin?

2 noo€ pl ’anwaaé, sinif pl ’asnaaf We carry

all the best brands of tea €idna kull il-’asnaaf t2-zeena mnicé—Caay 3 damga pl -aat, tamga pl -aat, wasum pl wsaam We recognized our cattle from the brand mark €trafna bagarna mnit-tamga

to brand - 1 wusam (i wasum) n- He was branded

as a traitor nwusam bij-jaasuusiyya 2 dumag

(u damug) n—-, tumag (u tumug) n- Have they finished branding the new horses yet? xallsaw ydamguun

l-izsuuna j-jidtida loo ba€ad?

l~zgaayit yinraad-la

I’ve lost my bracelet

One of the brackets

The brake doesn’t work

brass - 1 prinj (for castings) The mortar is cast

from brass —haaman masbuub min iprinj 2 sifir

Some of our kitchen pans are of sheet brass gisim min tj-jiduur ib-mutbaxna min sifir 3 ð-ồubbaat All the high brass were present kaaffat kibaar tồ-ồubbaat Caanaw zaadriin

brassiere — zixma pl zixam

brat - maléuun pl malaafiin, haasa fadd mal€uun a2afir

brave — Sujaaé pl Sujéaan The brave die but one

death §-Suj€aan ymuutuun moota wizda

bravery - Sajaaéa

brawl — €arka pl -aat

started the brawl

bidaw 11l—f€arka

to brawl — t&aarak (a €raak) Those people were always brawling and disturbing the whole neighbor- hood haésoola taanaw daa?iman yi t€éaarkuun

w-yiz€ijuun kull il-imgalla That man and his wife are always brawling with each other har-rijjaal

w-marta daa?iman yit€aarkuun waazid wiyya l-laax

bread - 1 xubza pl ~aat coll xubdug Our baker

makes the best bread in town xabbaagna ysauwwi

?azsan xubuz bil-wlaaya 2 (Flat rounds of bread) gursa pl guras Give me six loaves of Arab flat bread ntiint sitt guras 3 -(Small raised loaves)

He’s a nasty brat

Those two taxi-drivers has—suwwaaqg 1t-taakst l-iOneen

breadth 24

sammuuna pl -aat coll sammuun May I have another

half bread roll, please ’arjuuk inttint nuss _

sammuuna €waaza Divide the bread into four pieces

gassim is—sammuuna °ila ?arbaé wusal -~ You had better

buy three extra bread rolls for dinner tonight

Laagim tiStiri tlaO sammuunaat 1il-€aSa hal—leela

breadth — €urud, tt:saa€

break - l kasir pl ksuur

the break in the water main da-yzaawluun yilguun

il-kasir bil-?abbi 2 ngitaaé pl -aat A break

in relations between the two countries can no longer

be avoided ngitaaé il-€alaagaat been 1l-baladeen

la~budd minna 3 fatir pl ftuur Germs enter

the body through a break in the skin lL-mikroobaat

itxuS$ ib-jismak min fatir bij-jilid 4 raaza

pl -aat Take a short break before you start the

next job, ?uxud-lak fadd raaza qsayyra gabul—ma

toaaXir ib-wadiiftak ij-jidiida -~- Whenever they

want a break, give it to them kull-ma yriiduun

raaza ?intiihum-iyyaa 5 fursa pl furas We

have an hour break for lunch €idna fursa saafa

wizda lil-gada 6 7055 He’s had a lot of bad

breaks in his life saadafa hwaaya suu? z7a$$

1b-zayaata

**That’s a tough break! Sloon za85 nazis!

to give someone a break ~ 1 nita (i) fursa Give

me a break ntiini fursa 2 tsaahal (a) wiyya

I’ll give you a break this time but don’t do it

again hal-marra raz—atsaahal wiyyaak, Laakin

la-tsawwitha baێad

to break ~ 1 kisar (1 kasir) n-

ksarit rijlt —— My watch is broken,

-~ The boys broke the window pane

j-jaama maal i18§-Sibbaaé,

huwwa ma-ytksir Cilimta

She broke her engagement

3 nita(z) We'll have to break the news to him

gently laazgim nintii l-xabar b-lutuf 4 gitaé

(a gati€) n- He broke the string on the package

gitaé xeet 1tr—-rugma He broke a string on his

violin gittaé watar ib-kamanj ta The wires are

broken l-waayaraat magtuu€éa 5 ngttaé (1

ngitaaé) The string broke yl-xeet ingitaé

6 xaalaf (1 muxaalafa) He*has broken the law

huwwa xaalaf il-gaanuun 7 jawwaz (i tajwiiz)

I’1l break him of that habit raz—ajawwza min

hal-€aada

to break down ~ 1 xirabd (a xaraab)

broke down this morning

ts-subuz 2 twaggaf (a tawagquf), téattal

(a ta€attul) The internal organization of the

country broke down near the end of the war

t-tanditimaat id-daaxiliyya lil-mamlaka twaggfat

gurub nihaayt 1l-zarub 3 figad (u fugdaan)

saytara €ala €awaatif~ He broke down when he

ƒtqad is-saytara fala €awaatfa min

They are trying to find

heard the news

stma€ + Ì—~xabar

to break in - 1 darrab (u tadriid)

to break in another beginner

I’1ll have

?aant raz—adtarr

adarrub waazid laax jiditid €aS-Sugul 2 nizal

(1 nuzuul) fala, sita (i satu) n— €ala Last night

thieves broke in our neighbor’s house 7Zaraamiyya

niglaw €ala beet 17-jt1traan il—baarza bil-leel

3 kisar (i kasir) They lost the key and had to

break in the door dayyéaw il-miftaaz widtarraw

ykisruun 1l—baab

to break off - 1 gitaé (a gati€) n-

broken off relations with our country gitéaw

€alaagaathum wiyya dawlatna, 2 nkisar (i nkisaar)

Then, the branch broke off t-taaLt, nkisar

1l-gusin

to break oneself - jaaz (u jooz)

that habit long ago 17222 min hal-ێaada min zimaan

to break out - 1 nhizam (i hagiima) He broke

out of prison nhizam imnis-sijin 2 Sihar

(a duhuur) The plague has broken out in the south

marid it—taafuun dihar bij-jinuub 3 niad

(1 nuSuub), bida (1 btidaa?) The fire broke out

towards midnight niSab il-zariiq gabul nuss il-leel

b-1Swayya 4 (with measles) zassab (u tazsiib)

My oldest boy broke out with measles this morning

?tbnt &-Ctbiir zassab hal-yoom is—subuz 5 (with

small pox) jaddar (1 tajdiir) If you have broken

out with small pox when you were young, you won’t

do so again ?¿ôa jaddarit min Cinit jaahil,

ma-raz—ttjaddir ba€ad

to break up - 1 farrag (i tafriig, tfirrigq),

fad8 (u fads) n- The police broke up the demon-

They have

I broke myself of

stration §-Surta farrigaw il—mudaahara ~- The

party broke up early Jl-zafla faddat min wakit ——

The police came and broke up the fight §-Surta

?tjaw w-faddaw il-€arka 2 tfarrag (a) We

broke up about midnight tfarragna zawaali nuss

tl-Leel 3 mnkisar (1 nkisaar) The cold spell 1s about to break up mawjat il—barid raz—tinkisir

**Break it up! bass €aad! or yeezi €aad! or fudsduuha!

breakdown - 1 €atal, f€awaara, xalaal The breakdown

happened about five miles outside of town 1-€atal

saar zawaalit xams amyaal xaarij il—oalad

2 ngitaaێ pl -aat, faSal We must avoid a break- down in the negotiations at all costs lLaazim

n+tgaašua faSal il—-mufaawasaat 1b-?ay Ôamam

nervous breakdown — nhiyaar €asabi She had a

nervous breakdown saar €idha inhiyaar €asabi

breakfast ~ riyuug, ftuur I always have an egg for breakfast ?aani daa?iman ?aakul-li fadd beeéda

lir-riyuug

to give (someone his) breakfast - rayyag (7)

mother gave him his breakfast ?umma rayyigata

to have breakfast - trayyag (a), futar (u futuur)

Have you had your breakfast yet? trayyagit loo baéad?

breast - nahid pl nhuud, dees pl dyuus, sadir pl sduur

breath ~ nafas pl ?anfaas

nafasak,

to be out of breath - nihag (a) I'm completely

out of breath đa-anhag tmnit—ta€ab

to catch one’s breath - jarr (u) nafas, ’axad (u) nayas JI have to catch my breath first xalli Swayya °ajurr nafasi ?awwal

to breathe ~ tnasfas (a tanaffus) He's breathing

regularly da-yitnaffas b-intidaam

**Don’t breathe a word of this to anyone

lLa-ttalli€ haay min zalgak

**He 1s breathing his last

or da-yilfud %anfaasa

**7T’ 11 breathe again

min ?axallis ha$—Sagla

to breed ~ 1 waalad (i horses €ammi ywaalid il-xeel 2 twaalad (a tawaalud) Rabbits breed faster than many animals, l-?araanib titwaalad ?asra€é min ihwaaya mnil~zaywaanaat

breeze - nasmat (pl -aat) hawa, hawa tayyib At night

we got a cool breeze from the lake bil-leel habbat

€aleena nasma barda mnil—buzeera -— There’s not a breeze stirring ma-aku wa-laa nasmat hawa titzarrak

or l-hawa waaguf tamaaman

His

Hold your breath ?igtaé

da~y€aalij: or

when I’m done with this job

yinzgaaz kaabuus €an sadri muwaalada) My uncle breeds

to brew — xammar (u taxmiir, txummur) t- We brew our own beer ?1zna nxammur biiratna b-tidna

brewery — maémal (pl ma€aamil) biira Bavaria is known for its good breweries baavaarya maShuura b-mafaamil bitratha

bribe - raSwa pl -aat, raSaawi He was caught accepting a bribe nlizam da~—yaaxud raSwa

to bribe -— riSa (i raSwa) n—- You can’t bribe him, ma—tigdar tirSii

brick - taabuuga pl -aat coll taabuug Their house

is built of yellow brick beethum mabni b-taabuug mud brick ~ liodna pl -aat coll libin The farmer and his sons are making mud bricks

lL-fallaaz w-wilda da—ysawwuun libin

bricklayer - banna pl bnaani He’s a bricklayer

huwwa banna

bride - €aruus pl €araayis

bridegroom - aruus pl €irsaan

bridge - 1 jistr pl jsuur There’s a bridge across the river a mile from here €ala bi€id mtil minnaa

?aku jisir €Can-nahar —— The dentist is making a new bridge for me tabiib il-?asnaan da—ysawwii-lt jisir

jidiid 2 mazall qiyaada, gurfat (pl guraf) giyaada Can you see the captain on the bridge?

đa-tŠuuƒ ir-rubbaan waaguf ib-gurfat tÌ~qtyaada?

3 br¿z7 Do you play bridge? %inta til€ab brij?

**He burned his bridges behind him ma~—xallaa—la

brief - 1 gsayyir, gasiir He paid me a brief visit

before he left zgaarni zyaara gsiira gabul—ma saafar 2 muxtasar His speech was brief and helpful xitaaba Eaan muxtasar w-mufiid

In brief,

muxtasar mufiid, haaba manhajna

in brief ~ b-ixtisaar, muxtasar mufiid

our plan is this

29 bruise

to brief — nawwar (u tanwiir), zawwad (1 tagwiid)

t- Our leader briefed us on every detail of the

operation gaa?idna nawwarna fan kull tafaasiil

il-€amaliyya —- Tuesday you will be briefed with the

final information yoom i10-OalaaGaa? raz—titzawwduun

bil-maێluumaat in-nihaa?tyya

to be brief - xtisar (1 xtisaar)

xtisir, min fadlak

brief case — junta (pl -aat) maal kutub

briefing - tawziid bil-maéluumaat The briefing

session lasted more than an hour jalsat it-tagwiid

bil-maféluumaat istamarrat ?ak@ar min saaéa,

bright - 1 wahhaaj I like a bright fire tr&jibni

n—-naar il-wahhaaja 2 zaaht She likes to wear

bright colors, yiéjibha tilbas ?alwaan zaahya

3 daki He’s a bright boy huwwa walad daki

4 zasiif That was a bright idea haay Caanat

ƒthra zasiifa

**She’s always bright and cheerful

Easaafiirha taayra w-baSuuSa

bright and early - gubSa We’re going to start

out bright and early raz—-nitla€ min gubSa or

raz-ingabbuS

brilliant - 1 saarix

Please be brief

Eala tuul

You can tell his paintings

by the brilliant colors tigdar tu€ruf 1rsuuma

mnil-?alwaan s-saarxa Lli yistaémilha 2 baart€

He’s a brilliant speaker huwwa fadd xatiib baarté

3 daki He's the most brilliant man I know

huwwa ?adka waazid ?a€urƒa

brim ~ 1 raas pl ruus The glass is filled to the

brim l-iglaas matruus lir-raas 2 zaagya pl

zawaasi The brim of your hat will protect your

face and neck from the sun zaaSyat Safiqtak

raz—tuzfud wit&ak wrugubtak imniS-Samis

to bring ~ jaab (i jeeb) n- Bring me a glass of

water ji116-li fadd iglaas maay ——= Won’t you

please bring me the other folder? ma-t7++b~Lt

l-malaffa l-lux, min fadlak? He brought the

children a present jaab fadd hadiyya lil—?atfaal

to bring about ~ ’antaj (i ”+ntaa7), sabbab

(i tasbiib) The depression brought about a change

in living standards Jl—kasaad %antaj tabaddul

tb-mustawa l—zayaat

to bring along - jaat (i) wiyya Bring your

children along jttb il-jthhaal wiyyaak

to bring back - rajjaé (i trijgi€, tarjit€) t-

Please bring the book back ?arjuuk rajj1€&

L-tktaab

to bring down - nazzal (i tnizazil, tanziil) t-

I also brought down the big box hamm nazzalit

ts—-sanduug 1€-E1bitr

to bring in - 1 jaab (i) The dance brought in

a hundred dollars zaflat ir-rigis jaabat miit

doolaar 2

Bring the boxes in the house

bil—beet

to bring out - 1 tallaé (1

the chairs and put them on the

il-karaasi w-gutthum bit-tarma -— They’re bringing

out a new edition of my book raz-ytalléuun tab€a

jdiida min iktaabi 2 €iraS (i fari§) n- He

brought out his point convincingly /Auwwa €1rad

ra?ya b-tartiga mugniéa

to bring to - sazza (i tasziya) Cold water will

bring him to l-maay l-baarid ysazzit

to bring to bear - staémal (i sti€maal) He

brought all his influence to bear sta€mal kull

nufuuocda

to bring up - 1 rabba (i tarbiya) Her aunt

brought her up €ammatha rabbatha 2 sa€€ad

(i tas€iid) Bring up my coat when you come

sa€€id sitirti min tis€ad 3 Oaar (+ ?t0aard)

I’ll bring it up at the next meeting raz-a0tirha

bij~jalsa j-jaaya

brisk ~ **There is a brisk wind blowing today

da-~yil&€ab 1l-yoom

briskly - b-naSaat He walks very briskly for such

an old man YyimSi kulli§ 1b-naSaat 1l—waazid

Saayib mila

bristle - Sa€ra pl -aat coll Sa€ar

xaSSi§ is—sanaadiig tatlii€) Bring out terrace, ftallié

l-hawa

The bristles

of this brush are beginning to fall out Safar

hal-firéa bida yoogaé

British — bariitaani*™ pl —iyyiin

**That’s as broad as it’s long kullha yak zasaab

daxxal (i tadxiil), xašŠšaŠ (+ taxšttŠ)

or mneem—ma tijtiha stiwa

broadcast — ’idaaéa pl -aat

broadcast? smaét 11-?1daaéa?

to broadcast - 1 bdaaé (1 ?1d5aa€a) n- They will broadcast directly from London rag—ydti€uun min Landan ra?san If you tell her, she’1l broadcast

it all over the neighborhood %18a tgul-—lha tara

té1i1€-1lk-tyyaa b-kull il-mazgalla 2 niSar (u naSir) n- I wouldn’t broadcast it if I were you ma-anšurha, loo b-—makaanak

broadcloth — foox pl Ewaax I bought a good piece of broadcloth today Stireet gitéa Éoox øeena Ì—yoom

broad-minded — sadra razio She’s a very broad-minded person sadirha razio thwaaya

brochure - kurraasa pl -aat There is a very interest-

ing brochure on that subject aku kurraasa mumtiéa

€an hal—mawoduu€

to broil — Suwa (i Sawi) n- Broil the chicken on a

skewer ?18wit d-dijaaja b-šttŠ

broke - miflis pl mafaaliis I was broke at that time and couldn’t afford to buy it init miflis

daak 1tl-wakit wma—gdarit aStirit

to go broke - 1 filas (i %iflaas), °aflas (1) Ali went broke again €al1t hamm ?aflas 2 nkisar (1) The merchant is about to go broke it-taajir fala mašah ytnht+str

broker - dallaal pl —-¿z¿n If you want to sell your

house quickly, get a broker ida triid itb11é beetak 10-saaé, Suuf—lak dallaal

customs broker ~ mtalli€ééi pl -iyya Can you find me a customs broker to take on this job? tigdar tilgii1—lit mtalli€&t yaaxuồ haay €ala €aatqa?

bronchitis ~ ltihaab il-gasabaat Your boy has a bad case of bronchitis ??Ðnak €inda ltihaad gasabaat Sadiid

bronze -— brunz

brooch - brooSs pl -aat

brooch for my wife

k-mar tt

brood ~ fruux, fraariij

when you call her

+ݧttcha

to brood - 1 ngamm (a gamm), nhamm (a hamm)

Don’t brood about it; try and forget it la—tingamm

Eala muud haasa, zaawil tinsaa 2 (aan) magmuun,

Did you listen to the

I’d like to buy a nice

Paritd ?ašttr+ brooŠ zilu The hen and her brood come d-dijaaja wfruuxha yijuun min

(aan) mahmuum What are you brooding about? Lees

magmuum? or ?inta lees mahmuum?

brooder - makiinat (pl makaayin) tafriix If I can

find a small brooder I’m going to hatch my own chickens ida ?algi makiinat tafriix tsgayyra

raz-afaggis dijaaj1 b-nafst

brook — majra pl majaari, saagya pl swaagt

brook dries up in the summer yjiff 1l-majra bis-seef or s-saagya teebas bis-seef

broom — 1 makinsa, muknaasa pl makaanis Get the broom and sweep the floor jiib il-muknaasa w-iknus

i l-gaaێ

broth — maay lazam

broth; it will do you good

hal-mayy dijaaj, yniféak

brothel — karxaana pl -aat, The club turned out to be nothing but

n—naadi tila€é bil-zaqiiga karxaana

brother - ?ax pl ?uxwaan, ?uxwa Have you a brother? Eindak ?ax? I bought it from Hasso Bros Šf£zreeta

min zassu xwaan

brotherhood — ?uxuwwa

brotherhood and pan-Arabism

Fann il-?uxuwwa wil—E€uruuba

brother-in-law —- ] nisiib pl nisbaan, rajil uxut

pl riyaajiil xawaat 2 (wife’s sister’s

husband) €adiil pl €1dlaan

brow — gussa pl gusas He wiped the sweat off his brow misaz 1l-f€arag min gussta

brown — 1 dunni*, gahwaa?i*, ?asmar pl sumur Her

hair and eyes are brown loon Sa€arha w-i€yuunha bunnt

to brown — 1 gmarr (7) Leave the meat in the

oven until it browns xalli l-lazam bil-firin ?1la Pan yigmarr 2 zimas (i zamis) First brown the

onions in a little fat ?awwal ?izmis il-busal

b-iSwayya dthin

to browse — tfarraj (a tafarruj)

for books in a good book store

fal—kutub tb-maktaba zeena

brucellosis -— l-zumma l-maaltiyya

bruise — raSéa pl -aat He had a bruise on his left foot aan €inda radsséa b-rijila Ì~ytsra

to bruise — ra85 (u ra55) n- The boy bruised his

The

Drink a little of this chicken

?4Srab iSwayya min

kallagiyya pl -aat

a brothel

His speech was all about

xttaaba kulla Eaan

I love to browse y1ế1tbnt ?atƒarrd)

brunette 26

knee Jl-walad rad5 rukubdta

brunette — samra pl sumur

brunt - Sidda The infantry bore the brunt of the

attack Siddat itl-hujuum wugaé f£al-—muSaat

brush - firéa pl firat, pirta pl tra You can use

this brush for your shoes tigdar tistaémil

hal-fir&éa l-ganaadrak ~- Who left the brush in the

paint? minu tirak 1l-firéa b1s-subug?

to brush - farrat (+ tfirrié) t-, parrat (1 tpirrié)

t- I brush my hair every evening ?aan+ ?afarrié

Sa€ri kull leela ~- I have to brush my teeth

Laagzim ?afarrié tsnuunt

to brush aside - tjaahal (a tajaahul)

my protests aside tjaahal izttjaajaati

to brush up on ~ raajaé (i muraajaéa) I’m brushing

up on German da-araajié il-luga Ù—?aLÙmaantyyd

He brushed

brush off ~ daf€a She gave me the brush off ntatni

daf€a or ligat—-li ztjja

to brush off — farrat (i tafrii&é) t- Brush off

your overcoat farrié mi€tafak or farrit gappuutak

brutal — waz3i*, fa55 pl ’afdaas, Saris pl -tin

brute — waziS pl wuzuuS, Saris pl -iin He’s a

brute huwwa Saris

brute strength — guwwat Siraaé We raised the

car by brute strength ftallaféna s—sayyaara b—quuuat

tdraafaatna

bubble - bugbaaga pl -aat, bugaabtig; fugaaéa pl -aat

You can see the bubbles rise to the surface of the

water tigdar itSuuf il-bugbaagaat da—titlaé foog

1 l-maay

to bubble - bagbag (u bagbaga) The water is begin-

ning to bubble i-maay b¿da ybaqbud

to buck - gaawam (u mugaawama) We had to buck the

current all the way dStarreena nqaawum 1t—tayyaar

tuul il—masaafa

bucket - satla pl -aat, stuul

buckle - bztim pl -aat I lost the buckle of my

leather belt dayyaéit l-ibgiim maal tzzaami

to buckle ~ 1 add (i Sadd) n- I can’t buckle

the strap ma-?agdar ?aSidd is-—seer, I can’t

buckle my belt ma-agdar aSidd izzaami 2 taLLa€

(1) batin The wall buckled Jl-zaayit tallaێ batin

3 t&awwaj (a t&uwwuz.)) The linoleum buckled from

the heat Ll-imSammaé itéawwaj imnil-zarr

4 n€uwaj (i) The beams buckled from the weight of

roof S$-Seelmaan in€uwaj min Ougl is—saguf

**It’s about time we buckled down to work

tl-wakit zgatta nSidd zeelna li S-Sugul or saar

tl-wakit zatta nd1bbd nafisna €a8—Sugul

bud ~ 1 (flower) jumbuda pl janaabid coll jumbud

The cold killed all the buds Jl-barid kital kull

tj-jumbud 2 (new growth) buréum pl baraaéum

In spring, buds appear on the trees, bir-rabiié

tl-baraa€éum titla€ bil-?aSjaar

**The uprising was nipped in the bud

tnqtồa E€alee whuwwa bil-mahad

to bud out ~ tagtag (i tagtaga) The new cuttings

are budding out Jl-igqlaam ij-jidiida da-ttagtig

budding ~ naaSi? pl -iin He’s a budding author

huwwa fadd mu?allif naasi?

to budge ~ zazzaz (1 zazzaza)

ma-gdarit ?azazzizha

budget ~ miizaaniyya pl ~aat Our budget doesn’t

allow that mitizaaniyyatna ma—titzammal hadaak ——

This is not in this year’s budget haada ma—daaxil

tb-mtizaaniyyat has—sana

to budget ~ waazan (i muwaazana) t- You’ll have

to budget your expenses with your salary ?inta

Laazim ttwaagin masrafak wiyya raatbak

to buff - siqal (u sagil) They buff the trays to

give them a high polish ysiqluun is-suwaanit zatta

tstir bitha lam&a

buffalo - (water buffalo) jaamuus pl jawaamiis

buffet - buufya pl -aat, buufee pl -yaat The

dishes are in the buffet l-imwaafiin bil-—buufya

bug - 1 zaSara pl -aat This spray is good for

all kinds of bugs had-duwa mufiid Sidd kull

saar

lL-~Etsyaan

I couldn’t budge it

tl-zaSaraat 2 bagga pl -aat coll bagg The

leaves were covered with bugs Jl-?awraag Caanat

imgattaaya bil-bagg 3 gaaris, bagg I couldn’t

sleep because of bed bugs ma-gdart anaam ib-sabab

tl-gaaris 4 bargaSa pl -aat coll bargaš At

night on the river the flying bugs give you a lot of

trouble bil-leel yamm i8-Satt il-bargas ySauwj

tl-waazid

bugle — buug pl ?abmaag

to build — bina (1 binaa?) n-, Eammar (u ta€miir) t-

Our neighbor is building a new house jaarna

da-ytbni beet jidtid —- The company is going to

build houses for its employees $—Sarika raz-tt&ammur tbyuut il-€ummaalha

to build in - bina (i) bil-zaayit I’m going to

build in bookcases here raz-—abni hnaa maktaba bil-zaayit.,

to build on - Saaf (i %iSaafa) n- We're going

to build on a new wing to the hospital raz-indiif

janaaz jidiid lil—mustaSfa

to build up — namma (1 tanmiya) t-, kabbar (u takbiir) t- He built up the business

Li1§-Sugul or kabbar il-maslaza

building - binaaya pl -aat, €imaara pl -aat Both offices are in one building d-daa?irteen ib-fadd binaaya -~ They’re going to build a ten story building on this piece of ground raz-yibnuun

€tmaara bttha €a8ir tawaabig fala hal—qitéat il—?ar8

bulb = 1 gloobd pl -aat This bulb is burnt out

hal-igloob mazgruug 2 busla pl -aat, ?absaal,

coll busal JI have some Dutch bulbs in my garden

€indt ?absaal hoolandiyya b-zadtigqti

bulge - ntifaax pl ~aat What’s that bulge in your pocket? Sinu hal-intifaax ib-jeebak?

to bulge - 1 falla€é (i) batin The wall is bulging dangerously Jl-zaayit imtallié batin

tb-suura muxtira 2 ntufax (u ntifaax) Their

stomachs were bulging with so much food batinhum

tntufxat imnil—?akil

bulging — manfuux, waarum His briefcase was bulging -with papers janutta Caanat manfuuxa bil—?awraag bulk - 1 mu€5am The bulk of my salary goes for rent and food mu€5am ma€aa$i yruuz 1lil-?ajar wil-?akil 2 bil-wagin, falla Buying bulk tea

is cheaper than packaged tea Siraa? it—aay

bil-wazin ?arxas min Eaay l-iqwaati

in bulk — b1j-jumla We buy dates in the bulk and package them ourselves niStiri tamur bij-jumla

w-inE€allba b-nafisna

bulky - &:b1ir pl kbaar

go through the door

ma—tfuut imnil—baab

nammaa

The sofa is too bulky to

L-ganafa kulliS Cibtira

bull — đoor pl Gttraan

to bulldoze (level) - 1 sizag (a sazig) First of all, we have to bulldoze all this rock and gravel

level ?awwalan laazim niszag has-saxar wil—zasu

kulla 2 waxxar (1) bil-buldoozar Bulldoze them

out of the way waxxitrhum imnit—tartig bil—buldoozar

bulldozer — buldoozgar pl -aat The contractor is in the market for a new bulldozer l-guntaréi da-yriid

yiStiri buldoozar jidiid

bullet — risaasa pl -aat coll risaas The bullet lodged in his shoulder r-risaasa stagarrat

ib-citfa

bully - ’aSqiyaa? pl ~—iyya He is the bully of the school huwwa ?aSgiyaa? 1l-madrasa

to bully - baaé (i bee&) Saqgaawa They are

complaining about him bullying the smaller children

da-yitSakkuun minna li-’an da-ybti&€ Sagaawa faj-jihaal bum = mhatlaf pl -iin, f€aatil pl -tin

bump - 1 €injurra pl -aat, €anaajiir Where did you get that bump on your head? mneen jattak 811€ tl-Einjurra b-raasak? 2 €ukra pl €uhar, tassa

pl -aat The car went over a bump s-sayyaara

tassat tb-€ukra

to bump (into) - 1 €iGar (a €u6uur) bumped into a chair in the dark &16ar bid-Salma 2 sgsaadaf (i musaadafa) t-

I bumped into yesterday ??zz2ir il~man từ-baarga

bumper - da&faamiyya pl -aat He bent the bumper when he ran into me €uwaj: id—daf€aamiyya lamma di€amnt

bumpy - (61:1) tassaat We drove for about an hour over

a bumpy road siqna zawaali saaféa b-darub kulla

tassaat

bunch - baaga pl -aat, Sadda pl ~-aat, ôabba pl

-aat, Let me have a bunch of radishes, please

balla ntiint fadd baaga fijil

bundle - 1 rabdta pl -aat, bugéa pl bugaé Is that bundle too heavy for you? hal-—bugéa Oagiila

n— He b—tshamÙt Guess who saadafit

Ealeek? 2 Sabba pl -aat I want two bundles

of iron rods ‘’artid dabbteen $ii1§ 3 šadda

pl -aat, laffa pl -aat I gave him a bundle of

newspapers nteeta Saddat jaraayid

to bungle - laas (u loos) It was a delicate job and he bungled it Gaanat fadd Sagla dagiiga w-huwwa Laasha

to bunk (with) - baat (a) If you don’t have a place

to sleep, you can bunk with us ?15a ma—€indak makaan ttnaam bit, tigdar ttbaat €tdna