Sau vài tháng trải nghiệm công sở 8 tiếngngày, Ý Nhi (23 tuổi, Đà Nẵng) nhanh chóng cảm thấy không phù hợp. Cô cảm thấy công việc ngột ngạt, thiếu tự do mà thu nhập cũng không cao trong khi đó cô lại muốn làm việc mình thích, có thu nhập tốt và có cơ hội phát triển năng lực cốt lõi.
Trang 1UNIT 4: LIFE IN THE PAST
A TỪ VỰNG:
1 act out (v) /ækt aʊt/: đóng vai, diễn
2 arctic (adj) /ˈɑːktɪk/: (thuộc về) Bắc cực
3 bare-footed (adj) /beə(r)-fʊtɪd/: chân đất
4 behave (v) (+oneself) /bɪˈheɪv/: ngoan, biết cư xử
5 dogsled (n) /ˈdɒɡsled/: xe chó kéo
6 domed (adj) /dəʊmd/: hình vòm
7 downtown (adv) /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/: vào trung tâm thành phố
8 eat out (v) /iːt aʊt/: ăn ngoài
9 entertain (v) /ˌentəˈteɪn/: giải trí
10 event (n) /ɪˈvent/: sự kiện
11 face to face (adv) /feɪs tʊ feɪs/: trực diện, mặt đối mặt
12 facility (n) /fəˈsɪləti/: phương tiện, thiết bị
13 igloo (n) /ˈɪɡluː/: lều tuyết
14 illiterate (adj) /ɪˈlɪtərət/: thất học
15 loudspeaker (n) /ˌlaʊdˈspiːkə(r)/: loa
16 occasion (n) /əˈkeɪʒn/: dịp
17 pass on (ph.v) /pɑːs ɒn/: truyền lại, kể lại
18 post (v) /pəʊst/: đăng tải
19 snack (n) /snæk/: đồ ăn vặt
20 street vendor (n) /striːt ˈvendə(r)/: người bán hàng rong
21 strict (adj) /strɪkt/: nghiêm khắc
22 treat (v) /triːt/: cư xử
B NGỮ PHÁP:
I CẤU TRÚC USED TO - INFINITIVE
Used to-infinitive” có nghĩa là trước đây thường, đã từng: được dùng để diễn tả một
sự việc thường xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng bây giờ không còn nữa
1 Cấu trúc :
(+) S+ used to+ V-infnitive.
(-) S + didn't use to+ V-infinitive.
(?) Did + S+ use to + V-infinitive?
2. Cách sử dụng
Ta sử dụng "used to inf" để diễn tả 1 sự việc thường xuyên diễn ra trong quá khứ nhưng hiện tại thì không còn nữa.
Trang 2Ví dụ:
- We used to live in a small village but now we live in the city
(Trước đây chúng tôi sống ở một ngôi làng nhỏ nhưng bây giờ chúng tôi sổng
ở thành phố.)
- I used to drive to work but now I take the bus
(Trước đây tôi thường lái xe đi làm nhưng hiện nay tôi đi làm bằng xe buýt.)
Cấu trúc này còn được dùng để chỉ những sự vật có thực trước kia nhưng hiện nay thì không còn nữa
Ví dụ:
There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't
(Trước đây có 1 rạp chiếu phim trong thị trấn nhưng hiện giờ nó không còn nữa)
She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off
(Mái tóc trước đây của cô ấy thực sự dài nhưng giờ cô ấy đã cắt ngắn nó.)
II WISH (CÂU ƯỚC)
Động từ “wish” được dùng để diễn tả một điều ước, một mong ước trái với thực tế
1 Câu ước ở hiện tại
S + wish + (that) + S + V (simple past)
Chú ý: Động từ “tobe” chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi
Ví dụ :
I wish I had a lot of friends at school. (Tôi ước, tôi có nhiều bạn ở trường.)
He wish he were a pilot. (Anh ấy ước, anh ấy là phi công.)
2 Câu ước ở quá khứ
S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect + PP/ could have + PP
Ví dụ:
I wish I had gone to the theater with you last night
(Tôi ước, tôi đã đi đến nhà hát cùng với bạn tối hôm qua.)
I wish that we could have been at your house last night
(Tôi ước, chúng tôi đã ở nhà tối hôm qua.)
I wish no child was/ were suffering from hunger
(Tôi ước, không có đứa trẻ nào phải chịu đói.)
I wish I was/ were playing on the beach
(Tôi ước, Tôi đang chơi trên bãi biển.)
3 Câu ước ở tương lai
S + wish + (that) + S + could/ would + V hoặc S + were + V- ing
Ví dụ:
We wish that you could come to the party tonight
(Chúng tôi ước bạn có thể đến dự tiệc tối hôm qua.)
I wish you would stop saying that
(Tôi ước, bạn sẽ không nói điều đó)
She wishes that she were coming with us
Trang 3(Cô ấy ước cô ấy sẽ đến được với chúng tôi.)
C BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:
❶ PHONETICS
I Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that
of the others in each group
1 A mind B sympathize C decide D possibility
2 A collaboration B particularity C manage D action
3 A pressure B sentence C membership D repeat
4 A encourage B empathise C embarrassed D replace
5 A delighted B continue C medicine D situation
6 A emotion B indecisive C obesity D believable
8 A behaved B passed C entertained D changed
9 A imagination B average C language D appearance
10 A increase B surprise C release D promise
24 A problem B popular C convenient D rod
28 A theory B therefore C neither D weather
Trang 4II Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that
of the other in each group.
1 A illiterate B communicate C entertainment D traditional
2 A programme B downtown C postman D behavior
3 A operate B express C emerge D resolve
4 A boundary B concentrate C conflict D comfortable
5 A convinced B collaborate C particular D cognitive
9 A transformation B independence C understanding D illiterate
10 A uncontrollable B biological C particularly D seniority
12 A develop B understand C imagine D consider
13 A illiterate B communicate C entertainment D traditional
14 A programme B custom C postman D personality
15 A grandparent B violence C buffalo D importance
❷ MULTIPLE CHOICE
I Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences
1. Last night I came home, cooked dinner, and TV
A watch B watched C was watching D would watch
2 I rarely eat ice cream now but I it when I was a child
A eat B used to eat C would eat D didn’t use to eat
3 I wish I you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself
A can lend B would lend C could lend D will lend
4. Would you like and visit me next summer?
5 Rick left class early because he a headache
A had B used to have C was having D has
6. Sara didn’t hear the phone She
A sleeps B slept C used to sleep D was sleeping
7 The Marconi family to the United States thirty years ago
8. I’ve been feeling better since
A the doctor has come B the doctor comes
C the doctor coming D the doctor came
9. The country now known as Myanmar Burma
A used to be called B be called
Trang 510.“Monica is such a nice person.” “Yes I wish I her more often.”
11.I wish I people with the same interests
A meet B can meet C could meet D will meet
12.My mother says she used to a diary when she was young
13.The between generations seems to be bigger and bigger than ever
14.Our teacher’s is that we set up a project on preservation of our traditional games
A offer B suggestion C scheme D order
15.I found the letter in my bag – I to post it
A forgot B would forget C was forgetting D had forgotten
16.Does he tell you how he is getting his new colleagues?
A on with B on of C away with D out of
17.Unfortunately the new system didn’t our expectations
A catch up with B bring about C come across D come up to
18.The doctors say it’ll take him a long time to get the shock
19.I wish you stop interrupting me whenever I speak
20.The policeman is happy the kids safe and sound now
A finding B be found C to find D have found
21.The children were acting the story of the birth of Jesus
22.The manager told me to pass the message I had just read
23.Stern insisted that she come downtown so that he could explain this to her
A face B direct C indirect D face to face
24.Youngsters love to eat from street for the cheap price
25.Ben a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn’t
A used travel B used to travel C used to traveling D is used to traveling
26.I wish I find the time to do more reading
27.When I see the kids playing football, I almost wish I their age again
28.Where before you moved here?
Trang 6A did you use to live B did you used to live
C used you to live D do you use to live
29.I’ve just found 20 dollars in my pocket! !
A How crazy B That’s right C Thanks a lot D How cool
30.“In the past, marriages used to be arranged by parents.”
“ ”
A Sure That’s right B I suppose it was
C Really? I can’t imagine that D That’s cool!
31.Did you forget your purse purpose so you wouldn’t have to pay?
32.He was sentenced to ten years in prison on charges of drug
A charging B stealing C trafficking D trading
33.In recent years, there has been thousands of victims of sexual and physical
34.Harrison’s greatest attribute is his ability to work pressure
35.My parents always criticize me for not getting good grades at school I wish they put themselves in my
36.He wondered to tell the news to his parents
37.He a bachelor’s degree in computer information systems in 1951
38.“You must come to my party,” she told me
A She told me I come to her party B She told me to come her party
C She told me I had to come to her party D She told me I came to her party
39.“My life’s got stuck these days I am so depressed and unable to think of anything.”
“ ”
A You will be tired B Stay stuck there,
C Stay calm Everything will be alright D No, thanks
40.“Mom, I’ve got the first rank in class this semester!” “ ”
A Well done! B Thank you! C Never mind! D Let’s go!
41 Astronauts _ in their spaceship, but they frequently work outside now
A were used to stay B used to stay
C were staying D had used to stay
Trang 742 People that the earth is round before.
A were not used to believe B used to believing
C would not use to believe D did not use to believe
43 Tuberculosis incurable before
A use to be thought B used to be thought
C used to think D use to think
44 Formerly babies _ of whooping cough
A have died B used to die C would die D both B and C
45 These city girls are used _in the field
A to work B used to lie C would like D to working
46 Newton scientific books when he was a boy
A used to read B has read C had read D had been reading
47 I am sorry I am not _ fast
A used to drive B used to driving C use to drive D use to driving
48 Frank used to work in a small shop He
A doesn’t any more B still does
49 I _ in Jakarta I’ve lived here all my life
A am used to living B used to living
C use to live D am used to live
50 Jane _ for the telephone company, but now she has a job at the post office
A used to working B used to work
C is used to working D am used to work
❸ WORD FORMS
I Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentence.
1 Asa businessman, he couldn’t imagine real poverty (WEALTH)
2 I can never make up stories – I have absolutely no (IMAGINE)
3 People who are lack the basic reading and writing skills (LITERATE)
4 People didn’t pay much attention to appearance a
decade ago
(PHYSIC)
5 Overeating is surely the main cause of (OBESE)
6 couples do not have the same rights as married
couples
(MARRY)
7 This approach can help identify common and their causes (BEHAVE)
8 She appears to actually like the man, which I find (CREDIBLE)
Trang 89 Today, and loyalty mean nothing in the
workplace
(SENIOR)
10 I found the ending of the novel a bit (BELIEVE)
II Complete the passage by changing the form of the word when this is necessary.
CHARLIE CHAPLIN
During the First World War, at a time when there was lots of (11)
in the world, one man did more than anyone else tospread (12)
That man was the (13) , Charlie Chaplin
Audiences around the world watched his films and each new one
caused a lot of (14) Chaplin created the character of the
little tramp and people (15) with this poor man Up until
then, film comedies had been (16) and very fast Although
they were fun and (17) , the audiences became (18)
with seeing the same situations Chaplin produced a different kind
of comedy It was slower and more (19) His films both
made people laugh and touched their (20) Even
today, his films are enjoyed by many people of all ages
(HATE) (HAPPY) (COMEDY)
(EXCITED) (SYMPATHY) (NOISE)
(ENERGY) (BORE) (EMOTION) (FEEL)
❹ VERB FORMS
I Complete each of the sentences with used to/ didn’t use to + a verb from the box.
be buy climb play shop swim travel walk watch write
1 In my childhood, there so many high buildings here
2 People with pen, but now they use computers
3 My brother _ football, but an injure stopped him from playing
4.In my grandfather’s youth, people _ by car They rode horses
5.I to school, but two weeks ago I got a bike, so now I ride it every day
6 My sister _ when we go to the beach because she was very much afraid
of water
7.Mr Lam television in the morning He did it in the evening
8 David was a good climber in his youth He very high mountains
9 My parents me expensive toys as we were not rich
10 We _in the town market We bought fish, fruit and vegetables
II Give the correct form of the following verbs.
1.I wish I (live) _ near my school
2.I wish I (know) her address
3.I wish I (be ) _ taller
Trang 94 I wish I (meet) _ her now.
5.I wish he (not live) _ here
6.I wish I ( be ) _ a doctor when I grow up
7.They wish it ( not rain) _ tomorrow
8.If only we (not have ) _ a test next Tuesday
9.I wish it (be) _ fine on the party next week
10 I wish tomorrow (be) _ a beautiful day
III Put the verb info the correct form.
1 Andy wished that he (can) think of a way of helping
2. The teacher wish that her students (pay) more attention to the lessons
3. I wish you (not live) so far away
4. I wish Dam Sen Water Park (be) near my house
5. He wishes he (drive) a Lamborghini in Paris
6 I just wish that everything (can) be as it used to be
7 Don’t you ever wish you (have) someone to share your troubles with?
8. I wish I (eat) Spanish food in Barcelona
9 I wish I (know) how to use a computer
10.These seats are very uncomfortable I wish we (travel) first class
❺ CORRECTION
I Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1. By mistake the candidate wrote all her answers on pencil despite the instructions
2. They’d pulled the registry office out, which then left an open space
A B C D
3. A lot of modern art is showing at the exhibition which lasts until next Monday
4. The new manager wondered if to adopt a new technology from their partner in the
UK A B C D
5. If you have a lot of information about the different universities you can make a more A B C
informative decision
D
6. Based on computer statistics, what is the less greatest profession in the world?
7. Despite they said construction was completed, there were builders working on the
Trang 10When we arrived.
D
8. Do you think the Harry Potter films are by far better than the books?
A B C D
9. She said that she doesn’t want to see any of them and asked them to go away
10.Tom managed to convince Mary to make the laundry for him
A B C D
II Find and correct the mistake.
1. Lynn wishes she had a bigger apartment and can buy a car
2. As soon as the alarm clock rang, she woke up and was getting out of
bed
3. I haven’t heard from the Maria since a long time
4. What do you use to do when you felt afraid?
5. Mary was drying the dishes when she was dropping the plates
6. When I introduced Tom to Bob, they were shaking hands
7. When she looked out of the window, she saw some boys and girls
play in the yard
8. He let the letter failing onto the floor
9 Today’s children no longer engage with the nature world
10 Alex said he will ask his grandparents about their old days
❻ READING
I Read the passage Choose the most suitable word to fill in the blank.
Designated a UNESCO World Heritage site (1) _ 2003, the remarkable Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park contains the oldest mountains in Asia, formed approximately 400 (2) years ago Riddled with hundreds of cave systems -many of extraordinary scale and length - and spectacular (3) _ rivers, Phong Nha is a speleologists’ heaven on the Earth
The Phong Nha region is changing fast Son Trach village (population 3000) is the main centre, with an ATM, a growing range (4) _ accommodation and eating options, and improving transport links with other parts of central Vietnam
The caves are the region’s absolute highlights, but the above-ground (5) of forest trekking, the area’s war history, and rural mountain biking mean it deserves astay of around three days
2 A millions B million C milions D milion
3 A underground B under C submarine D underwater