Sau vài tháng trải nghiệm công sở 8 tiếngngày, Ý Nhi (23 tuổi, Đà Nẵng) nhanh chóng cảm thấy không phù hợp. Cô cảm thấy công việc ngột ngạt, thiếu tự do mà thu nhập cũng không cao trong khi đó cô lại muốn làm việc mình thích, có thu nhập tốt và có cơ hội phát triển năng lực cốt lõi.
Trang 1A TỪ VỰNG:
1 adolescence (n) /ˌædəˈlesns/: giai đoạn vị thành niên
2 adulthood (n) /ˈædʌlthʊd/: giai đoạn trưởng thành
3 calm (adj) /kɑːm/: bình tĩnh
4 cognitive skill /ˈkɒɡnətɪv skɪl/: kĩ năng tư duy
5 concentrate (v) /kɒnsntreɪt/: tập trung
6 confi dent (adj) /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/: tự tin
7 delighted (adj) /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/: vui sương
8 depressed (adj) /dɪˈprest/: tuyệt vọng
9 embarrassed (adj) /ɪmˈbærəst/: xấu hổ
10 emergency (n) /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/: tình huống khẩn cấp
11 frustrated (adj) /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/: bực bội (vì không giải quyết được việc gì)
12 helpline (n) /ˈhelplaɪn/: đường dây nóng trợ giup
13 house-keeping skill /haʊs-ˈkiːpɪŋ skɪl/: kĩ năng làm việc nhà
14 independence (n) /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/: sự độc lập, tự lập
15 informed decision (n) /ɪnˈfɔːmd dɪˈsɪʒn/: quyết định có cân nhắc
16 left out (adj) /left aʊt/: cảm thấy bị bỏ rơi, bị cô lập
17 life skill /laɪf skɪl/: kĩ năng sống
18 relaxed (adj) /rɪˈlækst/: thoải mái, thư giãn
19 resolve conflict (v) /rɪˈzɒlv ˈkɒnflɪkt/: giải quyết xung đột
20 risk taking (n) /rɪsk teɪkɪŋ/: liều lĩnh
21 self-aware (adj) /self-əˈweə(r)/: tự nhận thức, ngộ ra
22 self-disciplined (adj) /self-ˈdɪsəplɪnd/: tự rèn luyện
23 stressed (adj) /strest/: căng thẳng, mệt mỏi
24 tense (adj) /tens/: căng thẳng
25 worried (adj) /ˈwɜːrid/: lo lắng
B NGỮ PHÁP:
I REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
I. Định nghĩa:
Câu tường thuật là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp
- Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật ở thì hiện tại khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp
ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ.
Ví dụ: Câu trực tiếp: She says: “I am a teacher.”
Câu gián tiếp: She says that she is a teacher
Câu trực tiếp: “I am writing a letter now” Tom says
Trang 2Câu gián tiếp: Tom says that he is writing a letter now.
- Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật ở thì quá khứ khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
II Cách thay đổi trong câu gián tiếp.
1 Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)
a Ngôi thứ nhất: Dựa vào chủ ngữ của mệnh đề tường thuật chúng ta thường đổi sang ngôi
Ví dụ:
* Câu trực tiếp: He said, “I learn English.” (Anh ấy nói: “Tôi học tiếng Anh”)
Câu gián tiếp: He said that he learned English. (Anh ấy nói rằng, anh ấy học tiếng Anh.”)
* Câu trực tiếp: She said to me, “My mother gives me a present.” (Cô ấy nói với tôi,
“Mẹ tôi tặng tôi món quà”.)
Câu gián tiếp: She told me that her mother gave her a present. (Cô ấy nói với tôi rằng mẹ cô tawngjcho cô một món quà.)
b Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)
- Xét ý nghĩa của câu để thay đổi cho phù hợp Thông thường chúng ta thay đổi đại từnhân xưng dựa vào tân ngữ của mệnh đề tường thuật
2 Thay đổi về thì trong câu:
Tense (Thì) Direct (Câu trực tiếp) Indirect (Câu gián tiếp)
Present simple (Hiện tại đơn) S + V/ V(s, es)+…… S+ V(ed)/ V (bất quy tắc)
Present progressive
(Hiện tại tiếp diễn) S+ am/ is/ are + V-ing S+ was/ were + V-ing
Present perfect
(Hiện tại hoàn thành) S + have/ has + P.P S + had + P.P
Present perfect progressive
(Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp S + have/ has been +V-ing S + had been +V-ing
Trang 3(Tương lai tiếp diễn) S+ will be + V-ing S+ would be+ V
3 Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
The following day/ the next dayThe following month/ the next month Before
He said to her: “Keep silent, please.”
→ He told her to keep silent
“Wash your hands before having dinner, Lan.” The mother said
→ The mother told Lan to wash your hands before having dinner
Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect: S + asked/ told + O + not + to+ V1….
Ví dụ:
“Don’t forget to phone me this afternoon,” he said
→ He reminded me not to forget to phone him that afternoon
2 STATEMENT (Câu trần thuật)
Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”
Trang 4Indirect: S + told/ said + (O) + (that) + clause
Ví dụ :
‘We will visit you this week,’ my parents told me
→ My parents told me they would visit me that week
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux V + S + V1 + O….?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V + O ….
Ví dụ :
Do you sleep at least eight hours a day?’ the doctor asked him
→ The doctor asked him if he slept at least eight hours a day
b Wh – question.
Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux V + S + V1 + O ?” Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O.
Ví dụ :
Our teacher asked us, ‘What are you most worried about?’
-> Our teacher asked us what we were most worried about
II QUESTION WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVES (TỪ ĐỂ HỎI TRƯỚC
ĐỘNG TỪ " TO-INFINITIVE")
Các từ để hỏi “who, what, where, when và how” có thể được sử dụng trước một động từ “to-infinitive” để diễn tả tình huống khó hoặc không chắc chắn.
Một số động từ được dùng trước các từ để hỏi + to infinitive:
ask, wonder, (not) be sure, have no idea, (not) know, (not) decide, (not) tell.
Ví dụ:
I don’t know what I should wear!
→ I don’t know what to wear
Ví dụ:
Could you tell me where I should sign my name?
→ Could you tell me where to sign my name?
Ví dụ:
How should we use this support service?’ they wondered
→ They wondered/ couldn’t tell how to use that support service
Ví dụ:
‘Who should I turn to for help?’ he asked
→ He had no idea who to turn to for help
C BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:
❶ PHONETICS
I Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that
of the others in each group
1 A columnist B frustrated C study D adulthood
Trang 52 A helpline B September C embarrassed D depressed
4 A resemble B adolescence C independence D destruction
5 A delighted B depressed C embarrassed D relative
6 A drumhead B illustration C earplug D drugstore
9 A embroider B preserve C benefit D effect
10 A emotion B shoulder C cognitive D cold
12 A drumhead B illustration C earplug D drugstore
15 A embroider B preserve C benefit D effect
19 A education B graduate C individual D confident
20 A embarrassed B awareness C abandoned D captain
21 A concentration B question C attraction D emotion
23 A recognize B opinion C adolescence D conflict
25 A artisan B handicraft C machine D heritage
26 A skill B house-keeping C tense D decision
27 A advice B decision C delighted D helpline
28 A study B adulthood C columnist D frustrated
29 A concentrate B self-aware C stressed D tense
30 A embarrassed B depressed C helpline D empathise
II Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that
of the other in each group.
1 A worried B cognitive C concentrate D frustrated
2 A wonderful B emergency C adulthood D indicator
3 A adolescence B independence C discipline D metropolitan
6 A independence B embarrassed C adolescence D expectation
7 A informed B delighted C frustrated D self-ware
8 A cognitive B emotion C self-care D negative
9 A earplug B gossip C headmistress D discuss
Trang 610 A disappoint B medical C confident D badminton
11 A attraction B changeable C framework D problem
12 A metropolitan B polluted C forbidden D affordable
13 A feature B culture C tradition D statue
14 A helpful B delicious C ancient D local
15 A historic B exciting C polluted D frightening
❷ MULTIPLE CHOICE
I Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences
1 His neighbours sometimes wondered he did for a living
2 Could you please tell me ?
A It is how far to the nearest bus stop B how far is it to the nearest bus stop
C how far to the nearest bus stop is it D how far it is to the nearest bus stop
3 Marigold wondered Kevin and Ruth would be at the party
4 He asked me “ ?”
A How long you have studied English B How long had you studied English
C How long you had study English D How long you had studied English
5 While many teachers spend some class time teaching skills, students oftenneed more social skills
6 I am not sure I can solve this problem
7. She asked me the seat or not
C if– has been occupied D whether – occupied
8 By the age of 15, teenagers are better able to a more demandingcurriculum
9 My parents asked me to find out it gave you so much trouble
10 The policeman asked us
A had any of us seen the accident happen
B if had any of us seen the accident happen
C whether any of us had seen the accident happen
D that if any of us had seen the accident happen
11 Tom told us that sometimes he had difficulty his feelings
Trang 712 My teacher told me that I attend the math course for the higher levelprogramme that I for.
13 I asked him but he said nothing.
A what the matter was B what was the matter
C the matter was what D what’s the matter was
14 My closest friend is not very and she likes having a small friendgroup but I like talking with a lot of people and hanging out
15 Mi asked what information she that assignment
16 James him up when the bus reached the square
17 Ann was raised very on her parents, and she was that shewouldn’t live on her own afterwards
C independent - worry D independent - worried
18.Susan needs someone to show her how to her anxiety and depression
19 I wonder we’ll catch the bus we’ll take a taxi
20 The advice columnist said, “It sounds like the problem is not your appearance but
the you see yourself.”
21 The passenger asked we landed
22 He asked me what
correct
23 He told me to rest for a while.
“ for a while”, he said
24 He asked “Why did she take my pen?”
- He asked why
C she had taken his pen D she has taken his pen
Trang 825 Taking good notes students to evaluate, organize and summarizeinformation.
26 Excuse me Could you tell me ?
A what time is it B what is the time C what time it is D it is what
time
27.I suffer from depression and anxiety, but I don’t know to get over myproblems
28.As children move toward , they are less likely to ask for advice
independence
29 We wonder from his office after that scandal
A why did he not resign B why he did not resign
30 Miss Hoa said that unsuccessful test takers didn’t know the questionscame from
31 A great way to improve skills is to keep trying new things
32 Jeff wanted to know
A that why were his friends laughing B why were his friends laughing
C why his friends were laughing D the reason why his friends laughing
33 I want to talk to my teacher about my problems, but I have no idea to start,
or to talk to him
A what – where B where – who C why – whom D where –
how
34 Perhaps what you’re reading or hearing is boring, which makes it hard to
on the book or the conversation
35 Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the day
36 Mr Tan told us that the kids who in tests often the others werelucky
C didn’t succeed – were thinking D didn’t succeed – thought
37 Pressure children to get into top schools has reached a crisispoint
Trang 938 She him whether he liked the steak she cooked.
39 “What does she like?” he asked me.
A He asked me what she likes B He asked me what she liked.
C He asked me what do I like D He asked me what did he like.
40 She said, “Don’t tease me, John.”
A She said not to tease me to John B She said John not to tease me.
C She told John not to tease her D She told John do not tease her.
41 Julia said that she there at noon.
A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be
42 He that he was leaving that afternoon.
43 She said to me that she to me the Sunday before.
44 I him to sell that old motorbike.
45 My parents reminded me the flowers.
planting
46 I asked Martha to enter law school.
47 Nam wanted to know what time
48 I wondered _ the right thing.
49 The scientist said the earth _ the sun.
50 Peter said that if he rich, he _ a lot.
C had been – would have travelled D was – will travel
❸ WORD FORMS
Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentence.
Trang 101 They were brought up to behave in a way in
public
(CIVILIZATION)
Trang 112 Many people limit their to the sun because their
skin burns very easily
(EXPOSE)
3 Helen was worried about her test, and she didn’t sleep well She
was very tired after a night
(SLEEP)
4 The price of the book is 10 dollar, including and packing (POST)
5 How are you getting on with your course in French (CORRESPOND)
6 It isfor beginning students to make mistakes in English (AVOID)
7 The _ of the trains and buses causes frustration and annoyance (FREQUENT)
8 This issue is very Don’t discuss it outside the
group
(CONFIDENCE)
9 Do you know what the of the river is? (DEEP)
10 He was born blind, but despite this he still managed to
become one of the top pop singers of his generation
(ABLE)
11 Nowadays young people want to leave home as soon as they
reach
(ADULT)
12 A good night’s sleep will improve your (CONCENTRATE)
13 Teens should learn to be when making a presentation (CONFIDENCE)
14 Going away to college has made me much more (DEPEND)
15 A lot of people eat too much when they’re (DEPRESS)
16 I have a bad habit of taking on more than I can handle (RESPONSIBLE)
17 Students have spoken of their growing with
19 Have you thought of talking to a marriage guidance ? (COUNSEL)
20 Her networking and skills came in handy for a
charity boxing event she hosted
(ORGANIZE)
❹ VERB FORMS
I Complete the sentence with the correct form of a verb from the box You don’t need to use all of them.
live turn break get give keep come take find go
1 Has Phuc arrived yet? - No, but I’m sure he will up soon.
2 My aunt never really _over the death of her pet dog.
3 It’s not easy to up smoking My uncle has tried to do it lots of times without
success
4 Sorry, I don’t mean to interrupt you Please on and finish what you are saying.
5 I can’t out which road to get back home now.
6.I enjoyed living in London, but it didn’t really _ up to my expectations.
Trang 127 I’m sorry I’m late, but the car down on the way here, so I had to phone
for a taxi
8 You were going too fast! I couldn’t _ up with you.
9 Remember to out how many people are coming to the party.
10 Don’t forget to part in that school activity.
II Complete the sentences with correct tense of verbs.
1. The interviewer asked me what I (can) do if I were offered the job
2. Mandy asked me if the boys (read) the book at present
3 The manager told me that I (travel) from place to place thefollowing month
4 They said they (never/ be) to Scotland until last year
5 Jason and Victoria told me they (do) their best in the exams thefollowing day
6. I wondered why Nick (not go) to New York the summer before
7 John told me that there (may) not be dessert after dinner
8. She asked me if everyone (must) contact the Magic Number inemergency situations
9. My mom said she (be) going to visit a friend of hers in London
10.Shannon said that she (need) to take care of her baby
III Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. He told them again that they (must) learn to love each other
2. When I woke up this morning, it was raining and my father (sing)in thekitchen
3. I wondered where (get) my pre-paid train ticket
4. (you/ travel) to Paris tomorrow?
5. Dana admitted (feel) hurt by what I had said
6. She said she (write) three books and she was working on anotherone
7. She was made (work) on Saturday, even though she hated working
at weekends
8. If I (find) her address, I would send her an invitation
9 Japanese (become) one of the most popular courses at the universitysince the Asian studies program was established
10.Look at those black clouds I think it (rain)
❺ CORRECTION
I Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1 At the moment, aid agencies are focusing their efforts of women and children.