Qua khao sat sd bd, tren pham vi toan qud'c hien dang cd gin 20 trudng dao tao chuyen nganh nay thi tuyet dai da sd cac giang vien sir dung phd bie'n nhat phUdng phap thuyet trinh ke't h
Trang 1oil min phuftfn^ phdip 916119 ^^^
Th6ii9 Im ' Thuf vi^n
•=ti^pg rong nhtfng nam gin day, viec
H dao tao can bd nganh Thdng tin
H - Thu vien (TT-TV) dang dugc xa
hdi quan tam Rat nhieu trudng trong
pham vi toan qud'e da va dang md nganh
TT-TV Tuy nhien vdi dae thii la mdt
nganh hpc thien ve eae ky nang nhieu
hdn la tu duy ly luan, viee giang day cac
mdn hpc thudc chuyen nganh nay, nhin
chung la thie'u suf Idi cud'n va hap dan
Nhifng van de ly thuyet thu vien hpc
thudng khdng ed tfnh triu tupng hay lang
man, bay bdng Phan Idn ehi la cac kie'n
thifc khd khan thien ve cae quy djnh va
eae quy Ude ciia nganh Qua khao sat sd
bd, tren pham vi toan qud'c hien dang cd
gin 20 trudng dao tao chuyen nganh
nay thi tuyet dai da sd cac giang vien sir
dung phd bie'n nhat phUdng phap thuyet
trinh ke't hpp vdi trao ddi va hudng din
thufc hanh Tuy nhien rat nhieu ed sd dao
tao mdi md chuyen nganh nay thi viee
cho hpe sinh thufc hanh edn rat han che
vl khdng cd cac edng cu nghiep vu, do
dd viep giang day chi dimg d mifc day ly
thuyet bang phUdng phap thuyet trinh,
eho hpe sinh lam bai tap gia djnh bang
eae vidu ma giang vien nghTra Vdi each
giang day nhu vay, hpe vien thudng
khdng hieu rd each lam thufc te va nhin
ehung khdng mang lai hieu qua Nhtfng
gid giang ly thuyet khd khan eung lam
eho sinh vien mdi met va chan ngan VI
THS N G U Y I N TH! KIM LOAN Trudng Cao dang Noi vu Ha Noi
vay ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day cho chuyen nganh thdng tin thU vien thufc suf
la mdt nhu eau cap thie't hien nay de
ehiing ta ed the dao tao ra dugc mdt dpi
ngu gidi tay nghe
6 bai vie't nay ehung tdi ehi de cap de'n mdt sd phUdng phap da sif dung trong qua trinh giang day eae mdn chuyen nganh TT-TV dat dUde nhifng hieu qua dang khfch le Muc dfeh la trao ddi, chia se kinh nghiem ddng thdi cung mudn tham khao them y kie'n eua ddng nghiep de ed the hoan thien hdn he phUdng phap eho viec giang day chuyen nganh TT-TV
I Mot so nguyen tac nham doi mdi phUdng phap giang day
De viec ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day eho ed hieu qua can phairtuan thii mdt sd djnh hudng mang tfnh nguyen tie sau day:
1 Tao bau khdng khf than thien va vui ve
De hpe sinh yeu thfch mdn hpe, giang
vien phai tao dugc khdng khi thoai mai,
vui ve va nhe nhang, tranh gay cho sinh vien suf cang thing va met mdi; Ne'u cd the, hay bie'n gid hpe thanh mdt budi vui chdi tap the de sinh vien khdng cam thay
bj hpe ma dang dupe hpe Tdi da timg tham gia nhieu khoa hpe do eac chuyen
18
Trang 2gia ngudi My, Canada va Oc giang day
va eac giang vien nay rat gidi trong viee
tao b l u khdng khi vui ve thoai mai, ma
hp gpi la "warming up" VI vay nhieu khi
hpc vien cam giac nhu thdi gian trdi di
qua nhanh, va budi hpc da ket thue trong
sU tiec nudi eiia hpc vien
2 Phat huy cao nhai tinh ehu ddng
eua sinh vien
Khi sinh vien ehii ddng trong hpe tap
se tranh dugc nhifng mdi met, se hifng
thu hdn va thay thdi gian trdi di nhanh
hdn Viec ehii ddng hpe eung giup cho
sinh vien sang tao, chju khd dao sau suy
nghT Do dd, ea bai giang lan bai tap e I n
phai thie't ke sao eho ed sU tham gia
nhieu nhat ciia sinh vien mdt each chii
ddng
3 Thay dd'i hoat ddng, thay ddi
each tiep can van de de tranh su
nham chan
Nhu tren da ndi viee day va hpe eae
kie'n thifc chuyen nganh TT-TV nhin
chung la khd khan va thieu suf hap d i n ,
do dd khi giang day phai ludn thay ddi
each tie'p can va tao ra nhieu hoat ddng
khac nhau de sinh vien khdng nham
chan
Nhtfng nguyen t i e tren day eIn dupe
tuan thii khi thie't ke mdt bai giang thi
chac chan se tao dupc hifng thu cho hpe
sinh De thay ro eae nguyen t i e nay van
hanh eu the ra sao chiing tdi xin gidi
thieu mdt sd phUdng phap, hay edn gpi
la thu thuat de tang hieu qua bai giang
II Mot so' phudng phap lam viec
tang hieu qua bai giang
1 Xay dung eae bai tap nguoc
Bai tap thufc hanh la mpt bien phap
quan trpng de eiing cd ly thuyet eae mdn
hpc Vdi cae mon chuyen nganh TT-TV
thi bai tap cang ed vai trd quan trpng hdn
ntfa Bai tap thudng dupe ra eho sinh
Anh minh hoa
Anh: VP vien thufc hien de cimg cd mdt so ky nang nghiep vu nhat djnh Thdng thudng bai tap ra theo dang tU d i de'n khd, tU ddn gian de'n phifc tap, tU viec sif dung mdt quy tac ddn le den viee ke't hpp nhieu quy t i e vdi nhau de giai quyet bai tap Tat ea eac dang bai tap dupe ra dudi dang: Cho eae dtf kien, sinh vien diing eac kie'n thifc ly thuyet da hpe de tao ra mdt sd san pham eiia quy trinh xif ly nghiep vu, dd ehinh la bai tap thdng thudng, hay bai tap thuan
Vi du:
Cho mdt trang ten sach, md ta cudn sach dd theo quy t i c md ta qud'c te (ISBD)
hoac:
Cho mdt cud'n sach cu the hay djnh ky hieu phan loai cho cud'n sach dd theo khung phan loai DDC
Cho mdt cud'n sach cu the, hay djnh chii de, hoac tU khoa cho cud'n sach dd Vdi nhtfng bai tap dang nay sinh vien
se phai tao ra eae san pham eu the nhu ban md ta, ky hieu phan loai, ehii de hay
tu khoa dd la eae san pham ma sau nay hp phai tao ra khi lam viee trong day chuyen xif ly nghiep vu thU vien
Loai bai tap thufc hanh nhu vay chiing
Trang 3tdi tam dat eho ten gpi la bai tap thuan vl
nd dupe xif ly theo mdt trinh tuf thuan tU
dieu kien de'n ke't qua
Nhirng bai tap dang nay thudng giup
cho sinh vien eiing cd nhifng kie'n thife ly
thuyet da hpe va giiip hp hieu sau hdn,
cu the va ehi tie't hdn ly thuyet da hpe
Bdi vi mdt trong nhifng dac diem ciia
mdn hpc chuyen nganh thu vien la thufc
te thudng da dang va phong phii hdn rat
nhieu so vdi p h i n ly thuyet ma nganh
hpe da diie riit ra Tuy nhien de tuan thii
nguyen tac ludn thay doi hoat ddng de
tranh nham chan thi e I n phai thay ddi
dang bai tap; dang thay ddi hifu hieu
nhat la dang bai tap ngupc Bai tap
ngupc la dang bai tap ma ngudi thufc
hien nd se di theo quy trinh ngUpe lai la
tu ke't qua de'n dieu kien
Bai tap ngUde dUde the hien d hai
dang:
- Mgt la, eho mdt san pham sai, yeu
cau hpe sinh nhan xet xem san pham dd
sai nhu the nao, d dau? Dang bai tap
nay se giup sinh vien khdng ehi phai
hieu ly thuyet sau ma edn phai nam vtfng
quy trinh xuf ly va tao ra san pham dd
Vl du: Ne'u bai tap thuan la eho mdt
cud'n sach, yeu e l u sinh vien md ta cudn
sach dd theo quy t i e ISBD, thi bai tap
ngUpe dang 1 nay la cho mdt ban md ta
ISBD ciia cud'n sach nay, yeu e l u sinh
vien phat hien nhifng sai sdt trong ban
md ta dd
- Hai la, eho mdt san pham, khdi phuc
lai dieu kien c i n va dii de tao ra san
pham dd Dang bai tap nay phat huy eao
tinh sang tao, kha nang tu duy triu tupng
eiia sinh vien Cimg ed nhung kie'n thUe
quan trpng trong quy trinh xuf ly nghiep
vu
Vf du: Ne'u bai tap thuan la cho mpt
cud'n sach, yeu c l u hpc sinh md ta cud'n
sach dd theo quy t i e ISBD, thi bai tap
ngupc la: Cho mdt ban md ta theo quy
t i e ISBD, yeu e l u sinh vien thiet ke mdt trang ten sach theo ban md ta dd
Bai tap ngUpe se ket hpp mdt each
hieu qua dugc hai nguyen t i e : Phat huy
tfnh chii ddng, sang tao ciia sinh vien va thay ddi each tiep can va eac hoat ddng
de tranh suf nham chan
2 Xay dung eae trd choi nghiep vu
Trd chdi nghiep vu la dang trd chdi dupe thie't ke tren nhtfng cuf lieu eiia mdn hpc Dang trd chdi nay ed the dupe the hien d nhieu hinh thufc da dang va phong phu; ed the chdi theo nhdm, theo cae dpi chdi hoac chdi ea nhan; Trd chdi nghiep
vu cd the diing dang eac cau hdi, trd xep chtf, doan d chtf hoac dudi nhieu hinh thife khae; ngudi chdi se van dung eac kie'n thufc ly thuyet va thuc hanh de chdi eac trd chdi dd
Suf dung Trd chdi nghiep vu trong giang day se ed nhtfng Uu diem sau day:
- Ket hpp dugc ca ba nguyen t i e da
neu d mue I;
- Cd the kiem tra kie'n thife eiia sinh vien trong dien rdng, khdng phai chi trong mdt bai giang;
- Giup eho sinh vien van dung mdt each nhuin nhuyin cae kie'n thifc da hpe
ea ly thuyet l l n thUe hanh, phan ifng nhanh nhay; Tang tinh chu ddng, tuf tin cho sinh vien;
De chdi trd chdi nghiep vu ed hieu qua, can phai thie't ke eae trd chdi phii hpp vdi trinh dp ciia ngudi chdi; nen phat trien tu d i den khd; Nen thie't ke eae trd choi tren cU lieu eiia nhieu p h i n trong ChUdng trinh VI vay tro chdi nghiep vu thudng dupe suf dung de tao khdng khf vui ve, khi can on tap lai mdt ehUdng hoac mpt sd chuong da hpc trong chUdng trinh cua mon hpc Tro chdi nghiep vu eung cd the dupc md rpng cho
20
Trang 4cae hoat ddng ngoai khoa khi td ehife
eac budi giao luu giifa eae Idp trong khoa
hoac gitfa sinh vien eac trUdng eung
chuyen nganh dao tao, trong trUdng hpp
nay trd chdi nghiep vu dugc thiet ke tren
eir lieu khdng phai chi eiia mdt mdn ma
eua nhieu mdn hpe chuyen nganh
3 Hge theo nhdm
3.1 Lam bai thuc hanh theo nhdm
Khi giang day mdt so mdn chuyen
nganh TT-TV thi viee thue hanh ddng vai
trd he't sife quan trpng Mdt sd mdn hpe
cho phep tie'n hanh thufc hanh theo tUng
ea nhan nhu mdn phan loai tai lieu, tdm
tat, ehu giai tai lieu, tin hpc hoa, djnh chii
de, tu khoa tai lieu NhUng mdt sd mdn
khac nhu: LUu trif thdng tin va bd may tra
eifu; thu mue hpe; tra eifu thdng tin
ne'u lam bai thufc hanh ea nhan thi ke't
qua se rat kem, vl trong mdt khoang thdi
gian han hep, mdt ea nhan khdng the
hoan thanh mdt san pham Idn nhU mdt
mue lue, hay mdt ban thu mue, vl the c i n
phai thiet ke eac bai tap thufc hanh theo
nhdm
Trong bai thUe hanh dang nay, mdi
nhdm phai hoan thanh mdt san pham
hoan ehinh nhu xay dUng mdt mue lue
chtf cai, hay muc lue phan loai; hoac
bien soan mdt ban thu muc; Do dd tien
hanh thufc hanh theo nhdm se phat huy
dupe tfnh tich cufc ciia cac thanh vien,
mdi ngudi chju trach nhiem mdt khau
trong quy trinh thuc hanh tao ra san
pham
3.2 Thi kiim tra theo nhdm
Kiem tra theo nhdm la mdt hinh thufc
kiem tra dudi dang mdt eude thi gitfa cae
nhdm; Bai kiem tra thudng gdm hai
phin: P h i n chao hdi va p h i n kien thifc
nghiep vu De eho khong khf budi kiem
tra vui ve va thoai mai, phin chao hdi
thudng do ban giam khao quIn chiing
danh gia, p h i n nay tdi da chi chie'm 20%
tdng sd diem; P h i n thi nghiep vu se do giang vien danh gia Khi kiem tra theo hinh thife nay mdi nhdm se chpn eho minh mdt ten gpi an tUdng, gidi thieu ve nhdm; sau dd mdi den p h i n thi nghiep
vu chfnh thifc
Kiem tra theo nhdm se giup sinh vien phat huy eao dp tfnh sang tao, ky nang thuyet trinh trUde dam ddng, ky nang td chirc va tinh t h i n doan ke't hd trd ddng dpi Giang vien cd the cho diem ddng deu theo nhdm hoac phan biet theo ddng gdp eua eae thanh vien bang mdt
sd tieu ehf thudng va phat eu the
3.3 Thuyet trinh theo nhdm
Thuyet trinh theo nhdm la dang bai tap dac biet trong dd giang vien se giao cho mdi nhdm mdt de tai cu the nam trong ehUdng trinh hpe hoac eIn md rdng chuong trinh hpe, yeu e l u sinh vien vie't bai thuyet trinh va sau dd thuyet trinh theo nhdm ve de tai dd trong mdt khoang thdi gian quy djnh; PhUdng phap nay se giup ciing cd phdi hdp nhieu ky nang eua sinh vien:
- Tang eudng tfnh sang tao: De bai thuyet trinh dupe hay va hap d i n , sinh vien phai thie't ke p h i n thuyet trinh eua nhdm minh that an tupng, bang each dan xen vao cae kie'n thirc cd ban nhtfng
vf du minh hoa sinh ddng va vui lien quan de'n de tai ma minh nghien eifu; De viet dupe mdt bai thuyet trinh sau sac, ddi hdi sinh vien ben canh viee dpc tai lieu va nghien eifu van de ty my cdn phai bie't each vie't sao eho logic, khue chiet, ngan gpn, sang sua
- Cimg cd nhieu ky nang khae nhau nhu ky nang ndi trude dam ddng; ky nang viet; dac biet la ky nang td chire Bdi vl de td chifc mdt budi thuyet trinh sinh vien phai biet phdi hdp vdi nhau sao cho hieu qua nhat, do dd phai ed d i u de
td chifc thi mdi dat dupe ke't qua
Trang 5- Tao dupe khdng khf vui tUdi, tre
trung dung vdi lira tudi eua sinh vien; Khi
thuiyet trinh ed the ke't hpp nhieu kien
thife phu trp hoac dan xen vao eae p h i n
van nghe nhUve, thd, nhac nen, ea hat
Nhin ehung viee hpe theo nhdm se ke't
hpp dupe ea 3 nguyen t i e da neu d mue
I mdt each nhuIn nhuyin, tao eho Idp
hpe mdt khdng khf vui ve, sdi ndi, thi dua
lanh manh va doan ke't Tang eUdng tinh
ehu ddng, sang tao eua sinh vien va
cimg cd phdi hpp nhieu ky nang mem
ben canh eae ky nang ve nghiep vu;
Tuy nhien de viee thuyet trinh nhdm
dat dugc hieu qua, giang vien phai ludn
theo sat qua trinh ehuan bj, tUvan dung
lue de eac nhdm lam viec theo mdt djnh
hudng ehung hUdng den mue dich cudi
ciing
C i n chu y khae phue sUy lai ciia mdt
sd thanh vien khi xay dung each danh
gia ke't qua sao cho cd sU phan biet gitfa
eae thanh vien tich cufc va thanh vien
ehUa tich cue
III Yeu cau do'i vdi giang vien khi
doi mdi phUdng phap giang day
Khi tien hanh ddi mdi phUdng phap
giang day, dae biet la ifng dung eac
phUdng phap neu tren, giang vien eung
phai tuf ddi mdi phUdng phap tu duy va
tiep can vdi bai giang ciia minh De thie't
ke cac bai tap ngUpc ddi hdi giang vien
phai ludn tim tdi trong thUe te de ed the
cd dupc nhimg bai tap thuc sur htru ich
dd'i vdi sinh vien Viee phat hien nhtfng
sai sdt trong quy trinh xir ly nghiep vu de
tao ra eae bai tap ngUpc ddi hdi giang
vien phai ludn di sat vdi thuc te, khao sat
cae san pham TT-TV trong va ngoai
nude Mat khae de tao ra eae bai tap
ngUpe dang thif hai ddi hdi giang vien
phai lufa chpn nhifng san pham dae trung
de mUdng tUpng lai eac dieu kien tao ra
san pham dd
Thie't ke eae trd chdi nghiep vu ddi hdi giang vien phai phdi hpp dupe kie'n thife ciia nhieu p h i n , nhieu mdn hpc sao cho logic, hpp ly, nhung v i n phai tao ra suf bat ngd va vui de trd chdi gay himg thii; nen thay ddi cac hinh thUc trd chdi de giup sinh vien tie'p can vdi mdn hpc d nhieu khfa canh: tU ehi tie't de'n tdng quat hay ngUpe lai tU tdng quat de'n ehi tiet Cae bai tap thue hanh theo nhdm yeu
e l u giang vien phai mudng tUdng dupe toan bd qua trinh d i i n ra cae hoat ddng
dd, de phd bien, hudng d i n sinh vien each phdi hdp; Phai dUa ra mdt thang diem eu the de danh gia cho ehinh xae
va hpp ly; Phai cd ky nang tUvan, gpi md
de tang cUdng suf sang tao eiia sinh vien Tdm lai, ddi mdi phuong phap giang day theo hUdng ehii ddng hoa, tutin hoa
va sang tao hoa cae hoat ddng hpe eiia sinh vien nganh TT-TV la mdt yeu e l u cap thie't Nhifng phUdng phap chiing tdi trinh bay tren day da dupe ufng dung de day eae mdn chuyen nganh kha "khd khan" nhU: Phan loai tai lieu, LUu trif thdng tin va bd may tra eifu, thu muc hpe, tra eifu thdng tin, tdm tat, ehu giai, tdng quan tai eae TrUdng Cao dang Ndi vu va mdt sd trUdng Cao dang, dai hpe khae ed day chuyen nganh TT-TV
va ket qua rat kha quan Tuyet dai da sd sinh vien rat hifng thu tham gia va td rd suf sang tao, tfnh ehii ddng, tinh t h i n doan ket va canh tranh lanh manh khi thufc hien eae bai tap dudi hinh thifc la eae trd chdi nghiep vu, cae bai tap nhdm; Cac em eung hifng thu vdi cac bai tap ngupe va thudng ehii ddng giao nop cae san pham va dieu dd cung dem lai himg thu eho giang vien
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Ho Thieu Hung Doi mdi phuang
phap giang day: "Giao vien bi nhieu rang bugc qL/a7/http://www.tuoitre.com.vn
22
Trang 62 Tran Thj Lan Doi mdi phuang phap
giang day tUly thuyet de'n thuc te'/IKy yeu
Hpi thao khoa hpc ve ddi mdi phUdng
phap giang day tai trUdng Dai hpc Khoa
hpc xa hpi va Nhan van Oai hpc Qudc gia
Ha Npi, 2009
3 Tran Thj Chung Toan Hudng tdi
Trong nhifng nam gan day, nhieu
trudng dai hpc, cao d i n g trong ca nUdc
mdi md chuyen nganh thU vien-thong tin
Tuy nhien vi day la mpt nganh khoa hpc
chii yeu thien ve thufc hanh va kha kho
khan nen mudn gay dupc hifng thu hpc
tap cho sinh vien thi ngudi giang vien can
phai c6 sU ddi mdi trong phUdng phap
giang day Tac gia bai viet gidi thieu mpt
sd phUdng phap lam tang hieu qua bai
giang - dupc ifng dung giang day d trudng
Cao dang Npi vu va mpt sd it trUdng dai
hpc va cao dang trong ca nudc da dem lai
ke't qua dang khich le nhU: Xay dUng cac
bai tap ngupc, cac tro chdi nghiep vu,
hudng dan each thUc hanh va lam viec
theo nhom vdi mong mudn dUdc trao
ddi, chia se kinh nghiem cung nhu tham
khao y kien tU phfa cac dong nghiep de c6
the hoan thien hdn he phUdng phap cho
viec giang day chuyen nganh thong tin-thU
vien Dong thdi tac gia cung nha'n manh
mpt sd djnh hudng mang tfnh nguyen tac
can thie't khi ddi mdi phuong phap giang
day nham tao ra khong khi vui ve cho sinh
vien, phat huy cao do tinh chii dpng sang
tao d sinh vien va tranh sU nham chan
trong qua trinh tie'p thu bai hpc ciia sinh
vien
nhdng gid hgc vui trong giang day Tieng Nhatl/Ky yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc ve ddi
mdi phuong phap giang day tai TrUdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hdi va Nhan van Oai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, 2009
4 N g u y i n Van Chinh Dam bao chat
lugng giang dayl/Jap chi Nghien cUu
Giao due, 2 0 0 9 - S d l
In the recent years, a number of univer-sities and colleges in Vietnam started offering library and information science education programs However, this is a majorily practical and boring field of study
so lecturers must enhance their teaching methods in order to stimulate students The author introducces some ways to improve the effectiveness of the lecture, which have been applied at the College of Home Affairs and some other higher edu-cation institutions, and approved to be rel-evant such as opposite exercises, profes-sional games, practice instructions, group works, etc The author would like to share these experiences and call for ideas from other colleagues in order to further improve teaching activities in the library and information field In addition, the author emphsizes some critical orienta-tions when renovating teaching methods
so as to create an open learning environ-ment for students to be active and avoid boredom during teaching and learning process