methane and its derivatives (chemical industries) by sunggyu lee

Document http://www.netlibrary.com/nlreader/nlreader.dll?bookid=34957&fil...Methane and Its Derivatives Start of Citation[PU]Marcel Dekker, Inc.[/PU][DP]1997[/DP]End of Citation... Catal

Trang 1

Document http://www.netlibrary.com/nlreader/nlreader.dll?bookid=34957&fil

Methane and Its Derivatives

Start of Citation[PU]Marcel Dekker, Inc.[/PU][DP]1997[/DP]End of Citation

Trang 2

1 Fluid Catalytic Cracking with Zeolite Catalysts,

Paul B Venuto and E Thomas Habib, Jr

2 Ethylene: Keystone to the Petrochemical Industry,

Ludwig Kniel, Olaf Winter, and Karl Stork

3 The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum,

James G Speight

4 The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua,

James G Speight

5 Catalysis of Organic Reactions,

edited by William R Moser

6 Acetylene–Based Chemicals from Coal and Other Natural Resources,

Robert J Tedeschi

7 Chemically Resistant Masonry,

Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr

8 Compressors and Expanders: Selection and Application for the Process Industry,

Heinz P Bloch, Joseph A Cameron, Frank M Danowski, Jr., Ralph James, Jr., Judson S

Swearingen, and Marilyn E Weightman

9 Metering Pumps: Selection and Application,

James P Poynton

10 Hydrocarbons from Methanol,

Clarence D Chang

11 Form Flotation: Theory and Applications,

Ann N Clarke and David J Wilson

12 The Chemistry and Technology of Coal,

Trang 3

15 Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts,

edited by Francis Delannay

16 BASIC Programs for Chemical Engineering Design,

James H Weber

17 Catalyst Poisoning,

L Louis Hegedus and Robert W McCabe

edited by John R Kosak

19 Adsorption Technology: A Step–by–Step Approach to Process Evaluation and Application,

edited by Frank L Slejko

20 Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts,

edited by Jacques Oudar and Henry Wise

21 Catalysis and Surface Science: Developments in Chemicals from Methanol, Hydrotreating of

Hydrocarbons, Catalyst Preparation, Monomers and Polymers, Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics,

edited by Heinz Heinemann and Gabor A SomorjaiStart of Citation[PU]Marcel Dekker, Inc.[/PU][DP]1997[/DP]End of Citation

Trang 4

edited by Robert L Augustine

23 Modern Control Techniques for the Processing Industries,

T H Tsai, J W Lane, and C S Lin

24 Temperature–Programmed Reduction for Solid Materials Characterization,

Alan Jones and Brian McNichol

25 Catalytic Cracking: Catalysts, Chemistry, and Kinetics,

Bohdan W Wojciechowski and Avelino Corma

26 Chemical Reaction and Reactor Engineering,

edited by J J Carberry and A Varma

27 Filtration: Principles and Practices, Second Edition,

edited by Michael J Matteson and Clyde Orr

28 Corrosion Mechanisms,

edited by Florian Mansfeld

29 Catalysis and Surface Properties of Liquid Metals and Alloys,

Yoshisada Ogino

30 Catalyst Deactivation,

edited by Eugene E Petersen and Alexis T Bell

31 Hydrogen Effects in Catalysis: Fundamentals and Practical Applications,

edited by Zoltán Paál and P G Menon

32 Flow Management for Engineers and Scientists,

Nicholas P Cheremisinoff and Paul N Cheremisinoff

edited by Paul N Rylander, Harold Greenfield, and Robert L Augustine

34 Powder and Bulk Solids Handling Processes: Instrumentation and Control,

Koichi linoya, Hiroaki Masuda, and Kinnosuke Watanabe

35 Reverse Osmosis Technology: Applications for High–Purity–Water Production,

edited by Bipin S Parekh

36 Shape Selective Catalysis in Industrial Applications,

N Y Chen, William E Garwood, and Frank G Dwyer

37 Alpha Olefins Applications Handbook,

edited by George R Lappin and Joseph L Sauer

Trang 5

38 Process Modeling and Control in Chemical Industries,

edited by Kaddour Najim

39 Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases,

E Dendy Sloan, Jr

edited by Dale W Blackburn

41 Fuel Science and Technology Handbook,

edited by James G Speight

42 Octane–Enhancing Zeolitic FCC Catalysts,

Julius Scherzer

43 Oxygen in Catalysis,

Adam Bielanski and Jerzy Haber

44 The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,

James G Speight

45 Industrial Drying Equipment: Selection and Application,

C M van't Land

46 Novel Production Methods for Ethylene, Light Hydrocarbons, and Aromatics,

edited by Lyle F Albright, Billy L Crynes, and Siegfried Nowak

edited by William E PascoeStart of Citation[PU]Marcel Dekker, Inc.[/PU][DP]1997[/DP]End of Citation

Trang 6

48 Synthetic Lubricants and High–Performance Functional Fluids,

edited by Ronald L Shubkin

49 Acetic Acid and Its Derivatives,

edited by Victor H Agreda and Joseph R Zoeller

50 Properties and Applications of Perovskite–Type Oxides,

edited by L G Tejuca and J L G Fierro

51 Computer–Aided Design of Catalysts,

edited by E Robert Becker and Carmo J Pereira

52 Models for Thermodynamic and Phase Equilibria Calculations,

edited by Stanley I Sandler

edited by John R Kosak and Thomas A Johnson

54 Composition and Analysis of Heavy Petroleum Fractions,

Klaus H Altgelt and Mieczyslaw M Boduszynski

55 NMR Techniques in Catalysis,

edited by Alexis T Bell and Alexander Pines

56 Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils,

Murray R Gray

57 Methanol Production and Use,

edited by Wu–Hsun Cheng and Harold H Kung

58 Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Petroleum and Distillates,

edited by Michael C Oballah and Stuart S Shih

59 The Chemistry and Technology of Coal: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,

James G Speight

60 Lubricant Base Oil and Wax Processing,

Avilino Sequeira, Jr

61 Catalytic Naphtha Reforming: Science and Technology,

edited by George J Antos, Abdullah M Aitani, and José M Parera

edited by Mike G Scaros and Michael L Prunier

63 Catalyst Manufacture,

Alvin B Stiles and Theodore A Koch

Trang 7

64 Handbook of Grignard Reagents,

edited by Gary S Silverman and Philip E Rakita

65 Shape Selective Catalysis in Industrial Applications: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,

N Y Chen, William E Garwood, and Francis G Dwyer

66 Hydrocracking Science and Technology,

Julius Scherzer and A J Gruia

67 Hydrotreating Technology for Pollution Control: Catalysts, Catalysis, and Processes,

edited by Mario L Occelli and Russell Chianelli

edited by Russell E Malz, Jr

69 Synthesis of Porous Materials: Zeolites, Clays, and Nanostructures,

edited by Mario L Occelli and Henri Kessler

70 Methane and Its Derivatives,

Sunggyu Lee

ADDITIONAL VOLUMES IN PREPARATION

Trang 9

Page ii

ISBN: 0–8247–9754–X

The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities For more information,

write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the address below

This book is printed on acid–free paper

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information

storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher

MARCEL DEKKER, INC

270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016

Current printing (last digit):

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Trang 10

Page iii

Preface

In recent years there has been a considerable increase in research and development in the area of

environmentally acceptable alternative fuels as well as the use of alternative feedstocks as building

blocks for applied chemicals and petrochemicals Conventional process industries are also faced with

stricter emission control requirements This trend is going to intensify for the next several decades

because of the dwindling supply of petroleum reserves, emphasis on environmentally safe chemical

technologies, fierce competitiveness in the global petrochemical market, and new discoveries of

high–reserve gas wells and gas hydrates Among all fossil fuels, natural gas generates the least carbon

dioxide, a major greenhouse chemical, upon combustion The utilization of natural gas could therefore

help solve the greenhouse–effect problems, even though methane itself is also considered a greenhouse

gas

More and more books, monographs, and research articles in this area are currently being published,

and most of them are narrowly focused, often emphasizing fine details (e.g., those of kinetic

mechanisms, bench–scale experimental results, analytical procedures, and process hardware)

Furthermore, many of the books are edited, thus lacking consistency and completeness Researchers,

students, professors, and field engineers need a comprehensive textbook covering the entire topic and

presenting an overview of the subject, from the viewpoints of process chemistry and engineering This

single–authored book is designed to fill this need

This book aims at presenting all the scientific and technological information regarding methane and its

derivatives, and at providing an overview of the petrochemical industries that are (or could be) based

on methane or natural

Trang 11

Page iv

gas Special attention has been given to the methane derivatives and their commercial exploitation

Therefore, the coverage follows the tree structure of chemicals, not industries Some distinctions have

been made among the key building blocks, other building blocks, first–level derivatives, secondary

derivatives, etc Process chemistry, synthesis technology, historical developments, material properties,

and market trends for each major chemical are discussed in detail and are compared with other

alternatives Because of their growing significance and close relationship with energy conversion,

environmental issues related to process technology are addressed whenever applicable Essential

aspects of thermodynamics and process data as well as recent advances in process technology are also

presented

Engineers and scientists working in fuel science and engineering and specialty chemicals, particularly

in methane and its derivatives, will find this to be useful as a reference This book also compiles a

great deal of information and data, yet condensed into a concise volume that will be very convenient

for researchers as well as students It is also a good reference text for professors

This book can be used as a textbook for a three credit–hour course on methane chemistry, methane

and ammonia technology, or natural gas engineering It may be used for a more general course in fuel

engineering, gas and coal technology, or alternative energy and feedstocks, or as a reference text for

engineering design courses or chemistry electives The background required of a reader is an

understanding of organic chemistry at the college level For scientists and engineers in the energy and

chemical industries, this book will serve as a one–volume comprehensive reference providing

necessary information on process chemistry, manufacturing technology, alternative routes, market

trends, and environmental issues

Even though quite a bit of effort was called for to develop a book of this nature, the encouragement

and assistance that I received from various people made the work enjoyable I would like first of all to

thank my wife, Kyung, for her constant support and love while writing this book I would also like to

thank my children for the countless little things that mean a lot

The comments and suggestions made by my colleagues at the university and at the American Institute

of Chemical Engineers, Fuels and Petrochemicals Division, have been a great help in putting together

the various parts of this book The support and encouragement provided by the late Robert Iredell's

family made this work possible and are greatly appreciated

Last but not least, I wish to acknowledge the direct and indirect help in the compiling of the scientific

and technical information by Mr Brian S Kocher, Mr Timothy I Tartamella, Mrs Medha Joshi, Mr

Mark Brundage, Mr Ben Lopez, Mr Cher–Dip Tan, Mr Ramesh Rachapudi, Mr Sanjay Shah, Mr

Abhay Sardesai, Mr J David Tucker, Mr H Bryan Lanterman, Dr Kathy

Trang 12

Page v

L Fullerton, and Dr Teresa J Cutright I would also like to thank Ms Jeanine L Gray and Mrs

Maria Peters for editing and assembling the manuscript Without their contribution, this book would

have not been possible

SUNGGYU LEE

Trang 13

V Vertical and Horizontal Integration of Petrochemical Industries 19

Trang 16

6 Environmental Issues of Methane Conversion Technology 361

II Environmental Issues Related to Methane Conversion

Trang 417

ammonia related pollutants, 372-375

ammonia stripping process, 366

Trang 418

anthraquinone auto oxidation process, 250

anthraquinone disulfonic acid, 55

antimalarials, 74

ARCO MTBE/ETBE/TAME, process 167, 173

Trang 419

BASF ammonia process, 105

BASF methanol process, 121, 130

Bayer process, 116

Benfield process, 55, 62, 81

Trang 423

barium-promoted copper chromite, 340

BASF methanol catalyst, 121-122, 130

Trang 428

circulating fluidized bed, 246

Claus sulfur recovery, 282, 377

Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, 151, 390-392

Trang 430

combined autothermal reformer (CAR), 45, 48

Combustion Engineering gasifier, 66

Trang 435

dipropylene glycol (DPG), 197

diquat, 224-225, 233

direct fuel cell, 334

distillate fuel oil, 374

Trang 437

ethylene diamine (EDA), 199, 271

ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (EDTA), 271-272

Trang 438

external mass transfer resistance, 166

extractive flashing (EF), 319

extractive stripping (ES), 319

F

fats, 240-243

fatty acids, 240-243, 252

Federal Air Pollution Control Act, 390-391

Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 390-392

Trang 439

free radical chain reaction, 190-297

free radical initiator, 278-279

free radical reactions, 298, 355

Trang 440

Gemini Hyco process 238

General Electric gasifier, 66

Haldor-Topsoe A/S formaldehyde process, 138-139

Haldor-Topsoe methanol process, 129, 131

Tiêu đề	Methane and Its Derivatives
Trường học	Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Chuyên ngành	Chemical Industries
Thể loại	Book
Năm xuất bản	1997

Định dạng
Số trang	469
Dung lượng	39,83 MB