Giáo trình hướng dẫn lập trình PLC

Hướng dẫn chi tiết các phương pháp lập trinh PLC

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1.1 CAU TRUC CUA MOT HE THONG DIEU KHIEN TLf DONG:

Vdi su phdt trien khoa hoc ky-thugt hien nay, mot he thong dieu khien tu dpng dupe hinh thdnh tCf ede thdnh phdn nhu sau:

^ Cd CAU HO AT DONG : Bao gom ede thiet bj hay ede khi cu nhUsau:

> Dpng CO dien

> Kich thuy Ipc, khi nen

> Valve dien tuf

>

4 CAC CAM BIEN: Nhiem vu cua ede cam bien dung thu thdp dQ lieu; ede cam bien co the thupc ede dang nhu sau:

> Tiep diem hdnh trinh

> Te bdo quang dien

133 PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)

£0 Bp vi dieu khien (Micro Controller)

£0 Cdc mgch dien tur dieu khien, su" dung phoi hop ede mgch tuong dong (analog) vd mgch so (digital)

Cdc thiet bj ket noi thifdng tim thd'y tren he thong dieu khien tp dpng cd dien trade day bao gom:

£Q Relay, contactor

£0 Cdc thiet bj dung khi nen, thuy Ipc

m

4- CAC CO CAU TIEN HOAT DONG (TANG DEM- DRIVER):

Nhiem vu cua cdc thiet bj trong co cd'u nay Id dieu khien cdng sud't Khi nhdn tin hieu tuf cdc thiet bj lap trinh, cdc thiet bi trong co cd'u tien hpat dpng dieu khien thay doi trgng thai hay cdc che dp cua thiet bj trong co cd'u hpat dpng Cdc thiet bj trong tang dem hay tien hpat dpng cd the Id: contactor; bp bien tan;

bp phdn chia khi nen

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Cd-CAU HOAT DONG DONG CO DIEN, KICH THU Y Ll/C, KHI NEN

BO VI DIEU KHIEN MACH DIEN Tl)

THIET-B!

NOI KET RELAY THIET Bj KHI NEN;

THIET Bl THU Y Ll/C

CO CAU TIEN HOAT DONG (DRIVER) CONTACTOR BIEN TAN

BO PHAN CHIA KHI NEN

D EU KH EN CONG SUAT

1 GIAO TIER GIljA CON NGl/Ol VOT THIET Bj MAY MOC

CAC BO PHAN GIAO TIEP NUT NHAN, CONTACT, MAN HINH, BAN PHIM HANDHOLE

HINH 1.1: SO do mo td cdu true cua he thong tu dong

i- CAC BO PHAN GIAO TIER: Ngoai ede thdnh phdn thupc vong dieu khien kin tren, de co the thuc hien su" giao tiep gida con ngudi den ede may moo thiet bj trong he thong tif dong; chung ta phdi suf dung den ede bp giao tiep Mot ede tdng qudt ede thiet bj hay khi cu thupc bp phdn giao tiep bao gom:

> Nut nhdn, contact

> Ban phim vd may tinh PC

> Man hinh co lap trinh

> Handhold (bp ban phim lap trinh ben ngoai)

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1 rong hinh 1.1; chung ta co mot luU do mo td tifdng quan gida cdc khau thdnh phdn trong he thong dieu khien ttf dong, Trong do, chung ta co the thdy dadc he thong dieu khien thi/c chd't bao gdm hai khdu chinh:

> Khdu chap hdnh

> Khdu dieu khien

t KHAU CHAP HANH:

ffl Thao tdc hay tdc dong len nguyen lieu hodc sdn phdm

ffl Khdu chd'p hdnh bao gdm cdc bo khdi dong, may cong cu, may co cho phep thi/c hien cdc qua trinh che bien sdn phdm

Chung ta co the hinh dung khdu chap hdnh qua cdc thi du sau:

❖ Dong co dien khdi dong cdc bang chuyen van chuyen

❖ Kich khi nen dieu khien djnh hodng chuyen cdc kien hang

❖ Kich thuy luc dam bdo dong md may dap

❖

4 KHAU DIEU KHIEN:

£0 Khdu dieu khien co chufc ndng :

❖ Tqo ra cdc tin hieu (hay cdc Ijnh) dieu khien khdu chap hdnh

❖ Nhdn cdc thong tin phdn hoi vd co chufc ndng phdi hop cdc thao tdc hay cdc hdnh dong

133 Khdu dieu khien co the thtfc hien theo mot trong hai dang cdng nghe nha sau: logic ket ndi hav logic lap trinh

Ket ndi logic co the xem nhu1 mot dang xd Iv cdc thong tin theo dang song song (dong thdi): cung mot luc chung ta co the yeu cdu thi/c hien nhieu tdc

vu, hay tdc dong len nhieu thdnh phdn trong he thong (xem so do md td trong hinh 1.2) Vdi cdng nghe logic ket ndi, sU van hdnh cua he thong daoc xdc lap bang phuong phdp ndi ket gida cdc thdnh phdn dieu khien khdc nhau Nhu1 vdv, khi thav doi qua trinh van hdnh, chung ta bdt budc phdi thav doi sd ket ndi gida cdc thdnh phdn (thav doi ndi ket phdn cdng)

Vdi cdng nghe logic lap trinh, si/ van hdnh cua he thong xdc lap theo chuong trinh djnh triidc vd thi/c thi theochu ky bdng bd vi xd ly Khi thav doi qua trinh van hdnh cua he thdnq, chung ta cd the thav doi chiiOnq rtinh md khdnq can thav doi cdc ket ndi bd cam bien vd thiet bi tien khdi dona

HINH 2.2:

Cdc cdng nghe dieu khien

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1 ^.CAU TRUC CUA MOT PLC:

PLC la thugt ngQ viet tat tuf danh tuf: PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER Cdu true tdng quat cua mot PLC bao gom cac thanh phdn $au:

£0 Bo nguon

ffl Bus (Tram)

133 Bo nhd

ffl Bo vi xd ly CPU

133 Cac ngo vao va ra

-4- BO NGUON: co nhiem vu cung ca'p dien ap can thiet tCif nguon dien liTdi xoay chieu thong dung IIOV (hay 220V) hoqc nguon ap mot chieu 24V den cac board mqch dien ttf cua PLC

4 BUS(TRAM): la tap hop cac lien ket dien theo dang song song (cac dodng lien ket nay co the dudi dang mqch in hay cap nhieu soi mot) So luong day dan ca'u tqo nen BUS phu thuoc vao tdi luOng cua cac tin hieu thong tin den BUS (khi truyen dii lieu 8 bits ta can cap co 8 soi ruot; khi truyen du lien 16 bits ta can cap

16 ruot)

Ta co hai loai BUS: xoay chieu (AC) va mot chieu (DC)

-4 BO NHd: Bo nhd thodng di/Oc chia thanh hai nhom chinh:

❖ BO NHd DONG (RAM : Random Access Memory) day la bp nhd khong

cd djnh cac du" lieu Cac du" lieu dope doc va ghi bdi bp vi xu" ly trong suot qua trinh PLC hpat dpng

❖ BO NHd TiNH (ROM : Read Only Memory) day la bp nhd co cac diJ lieu

co djnh; cac di} lieu nay chi dope doc bdi bp vi xd ly trong suot qua trinh PLC hoat dpng VPi bp nhd trh (tuy theo loai ROM) ta co the co cac dang nhosau:

> PROM (ROM Programmable): khong the xoa

> EPROM : bp nhd cua ROM co the xoa bdng tia epe tim

> EEPROM : bp nhd cua ROM co the xoa bdng dien

Dung lopng cua bp nhd dope bieu dien bdng so tuf hay so byte md bp nhd

cd the chda ; trong do moi tuf tOdng ufng vdi 1 byte chufa 8 bits Ddn vj do lOdng cua bp nhd thodng dope tinh theo KILO BYTE (1 KB tOdng ufng 210 = 1024 bytes) Cdu true ben trong bp nhd cd the md td ddn gidn nho sau (xem hinh 1.3)

-4- Mudn truy xud't doc did lieu trong bp nhd, ta thpc hien trinh to sau day:

> Dau tien nhdp tin hieu md dja chi can truy xud't vdo ede bus dja chi

> Phdt tin hieu chon Ipa che dp doc vdo dodng tin hieu doc/ ghi

> Khi cd day du ede tin hieu tren, bp nhd se xud't ede dO lieu dang lou trd tren cac bus did lieu

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BUS DUf LIEU

HINH 1.3: Cdu true ben trong mot bp nh6

VI Xl} LY (CPU): Thuqt ngu" CPU dapc viet tdt tuf danh tuf Central Processing Unit Day Id bp phgn dau ndo cua PLC, nhiem vu cua CPU Id lien ket thu'dng xuyen ede chi/dng trinh dang chufa trong bp nhd Qua trlnh hpat dpng cua CPU di/dc torn tdt ddn gidn nhUsau:

> Theo chi/dng trlnh dd di/dc nap sdn, CPU kiem tra ede thong tin vd ede so lieu nhdn dude tuf ede module nhdp (input), ede cd quan dieu khien, cam bien

> Phdt Ijnh dieu khien den ede cd cdu tien hpat dpng thong qua ede module xud't (output)

4 CAC NGO VAO VA RA:

Khi PLC lien ket vdi ede module ben ngdai tren ede ngd vdo vd ra, ta co the phdn chia phudng phdp lien ket thdnh hai dang:

> Dang logic

> Dang truyen duf lieu

Khi ede ngd vdo ra dang logic: module tren ngda vdo cho phep ghi nhdn (bdt- capture) ede trgng thai cua cam bien.; dong thdi chuyen doi tin hieu dien nhdn dude sang ede trgng thdi logic (0 hay 1) Tgi ede module tren ngd ra cho phep tdc dpng len ede cd cdu khdi dpng dddc lien ket vdi no; dong thdi ede module ngd ra co the chuyen doi ede trgng thdi logic (0 hay 1) sang ede tin hieu dien (xem hinh 1.4)

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VALVE DIEN TO HAY CUQN DAY CONTACTOR DATTRONG MAY

NGUON NUOI

HINH 1.4: Cdc ngo ra va vdo lien ket theo dang logic

Khi cdc ngo vdo vd ra lien ket theo dang truyen di) lieu; tren cdc ngo vdo hay ra ta co the thUc hien theo mot trong hai phUdng an truyen du" lieu song song hay noi tiep TUdng ufng vdi moi phuang phdp truyen du" lieu nay, tren moi ngo vdo hay ra ta can co bo noi ket giiJa thiet bj ngoai vi vdi bo vi xiJ ly ben trong PLC PhUohg thdc thuc hien ket noi trinh bay trong hinh 1.5

BQ NOIKET SONG SONG

GIAO TIEP NGOAI VI

VI Xtf LY Du LIEU

DACH

BQ NOIKET NOI TIEP GIAO TIEP NGOAI VI

VI XU LY DU LIEU

DACH HINH 1.5: Cdc bo noi ket truyen diJ lieu theo phUdng thufc song song hay noi tiep

1 S.NGUYEN-TAC VAN HANH CUA MOT PLC:

Frude tien chung ta thong nhd't ve djnh nghia cho cdc thugt ngiJ sau:

» Trong mdi chu trinh hoat dong, PLC thi/c hien tudn tif 3 giai doan tdc dong:

❖ Bl/dC 1: Bp vi xd ly ghi nhdp cdc trqng thdi logic tren cdc ngd vdo

vd chuyen cdc trqng thdi logic nay vdo trong bp nhd dd lieu

❖ BUdC 2: Vi xd ly thUc hien cdc Ijnh chufa trong bp nhd chuong trinh theo tudn tu td Hnh dau tien den Ijnh cud'i cung ChdOng trinh thdc hien vdi cdc trqng thdi ngd vdo dd di/dc ghi nhqn trong bp nhd dd lieu Sau cung cdc ket qua cua mdi Ijnh di/Oc xud't vdo bp nhd dd lieu

❖ BUdC 3: Vi xd ly tap hop cdc trqng thdi logic cua ket qua ngd ra (dang duoc chda trong bp nhd dd lieu) chuyen den cdc module tren ngd ra

Nguyen tdc van hdnh don gidn cua PLC duoc torn tdt trong hinh 1.6

r Bl/CfC 1

1 f BUdC 2

, i BUOC 3

DOC CAC TRANG THAI NGO VAO

THl/C THI CHUONG TRiNH

XUAT CAC TIN HIEU NGO RA

HINH 1.6: Cdc thao tdc trong mot chu ky van hdnh cua PLC

1.4.CAC YEU CAU DPI V6l PLC CONG NGHIEP:

Frong qua trinh van hdnh, cdc yeu td dnh hadng den trqng thdi hoat dong cua PLC bao gdm 3 yeu td dnh hudng chinh nhif sau:

O ANH HUdUG VAT-LY: bao gdm cdc yeu td ve nhiet dp, dp dm cua mdi trudng khdng khi vd dp rung

» ANH HUdNG DIEN: bao gdm cdc tin hieu nhieu tia vd cdc tin hieu nhieu truyen trong day dan

Cdc tin hieu nhieu trong day dan sinh ra do si? ndi ket giiJa nhieu thiet bj vdi nhau trong he thong PLC Mudn bao ve chdng Iqi cdc dnh hudng nay chung ta can cdc bp Ipc ngadng dien dp, bp Ipc tre vd dung cdc bien dp each ly khi cap ngudn cho PLC

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# DIED KIEN NGUON : bao gom dnh hi/dng do nguon dien ludi chinh sinh ra Cdc su cd do nguon dnh hadng den che do hoat dong cua PLC co the liet

ke nhU sou:

❖ Si/ cd mat nguon thoang qua

❖ Si/ bien doi mufc dien dp nguon (qua dp +10% ; hay thd'p dp - 15% so vdi gid trj djnh mufc)

❖ Nhieu truyen theo dudng day

IS/I udn bdo ve cho PLC trong cdc trudng hdp nay, ta Idp ddt cdc bp Ipc nguon tri/dc khi cd'p den PLC, dong thdi su" dung kem theo bo UPS de chdng tinh trgng dien dp mat dot bien hay thd'p dp, qua dp dudi mufc qui djnh

1 S.HINH DANG CUA MOT SO PLC:

Frong gido trinh nay, nhdm giup sinh vien co the su" dung vd lap thnh dieu khien dung PLC mot each cu the; chung tdi ch? gidi thieu hai dang PLC sau day:

# MODICON TSX NANO (cua nhd san xudt TELEMECANIQUE )

» FX 2N (cua nhd sdn xudt MITSUBISHI)

Tuy nhien, vdi moi nhd sdn xud't tuy thupc : muc tieu dieu khien, phgm vi dieu khien, mufc dp phufc tgp cua qua trinh dieu khien (so lUdng ngd vdo vd ngd

ra tren PLC ); chung ta cd nhieu hp PLC khdc nhau:

'\/ di nhd sdn xud't TE LEMECANIQUE, chung ta cd cdc hp PLC (hinh 1.7):

# Dung bp ngp tuf ban phim ngdai, thadng gpi Id "hand hold"

# Dung may tinh PC vdi phdn mem lap trinh chuyen dung tuy tufng Ipai PLC Cdc ky-thudt nay se dapc trinh bay trong cdc chuong sau

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Hand hold

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HINH 1.7: Hinh dang cac PLC TSX cua nha sdn xudt MODICON TELEMECANIQUE

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HINH 1.8 : Cdc phUdng thufc lap trinh cho PLC

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MlTSUBfSHI

HAND HOLD

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PLC MELSEC - AnS HINH 1.9 : Mot so cac dang PLC cua nha san xudt MITSUBISHI

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2.1 CAC LINH LAP TRINH Ctf BAN DUNG CHO PLC HO FX-2N ( MITSUBISHI I

2.1.1 CAC UNH TadNG DUONG

V6i muc tieu nha dd khdo sat vd trinh bay trong muc 2.2 cho PLC ho TSX Nano, khi khdo sat cdc PLC ho FX-2N (trong luc lap trinh theo ngon ngd IL hay ngdn ngd Ladder) chung ta co cdc toan hang vd cdc Ijnh lap trinh co chufc ndng vd tdc dpng ti/Ong duong duoc torn tdt nhi/sau :

BANG 1 : Cdc toan hang ti/Ong dudng, khi so sdnh giua hai loai PLC ho TSX Nano (Telemecanique - MODICON) vd FX-2N( Mitsubishi)

PLC TSX Nano PLC FX-2N

%IO.i Xi Dung de ch? cdc trang thai logic cua ngo vdo

Vdt-Ly nd'i tn/c tiep vdo PLC

%Q0.i Yi Dung de chi cdc trang thai logic (cupn day)

tren ngo ra nd'i tn/c tiep tCf PLC

%Mi Mi Dung de bieu dien cdc "cudn day" npi hay

cdc tiep diem cua relay npi trong PLC

Day Id cdc bit npi trong PLC

%Si Si Bit npi trong PLC thi/c hien tdc vu nha relay

trang thai thong thudng hay relay trang thai

co chdt

%Ti Ti Cdc khd'i djnh thi trong PLC

BANG 2 : Cdc Ijnh tdc dpng tn/c tiep len ngo vdo vd ngo ra; co chufc ndng tuong daong, khi so sdnh gida hai loai PLC hp TSX Nano (Telemecanique - MODICON) vd FX-2N (Mitsubishi)

LINH

TOAN HANG TSX

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dong nhi/cuon day relay thong thii'dng

(AND) (AND) tieo diem thudnq hd

OR OR Tdc vu ndi son a son a %IO.i, %Q0.i Xi Yi,

(OR) (OR) cdc tieo diem

L j %Mi, %Si, Mi, Si,

ORN ORI Tdc vu ndi son a son a %IO.i, %Q0.i Xi Yi,

/

/ %Mi, %Si, Mi, Si,

BANG 4 : Cdc Ijnh MRS, MRD, MRP; co chufc ndng tUOng di/Ong, khi so sdnh giud hai loai PLC ho TSX Nano (Telemecanique - MODICON) vd FX-2N (Mitsubishi)

Doc cdc ket qua hien hdnh cua tdc vu tronq PLC

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(PoP)

MPP

(PoP)

Goi ra va loai bo ket qua dd lull H

2.1.2.CAC UNH CHUYEN DUNG CUA PLC MITSUBISHI (HO FX-2N)

Khdc vdi cdu true Ijnh cua PLC ho TSX Nano, khi lap trinh theo dang dong Ijnh cho ede PLC ho FX-2N; ta khong co ede linh md hay dona ngodc md phdi dung ede Ijnh OR BLOCK (ORB) hay AND BLOCK (ANB) Chung ta co the khao sat vd torn tdt ede ddc diem cua ede Ijnh nay nhu sau:

2.1.2.1 LINH OR BLOCK (ORB)

i Chufc ndng cua Ijnh ORB Id dung ndi song song nhieu nhdnh chufa tiep diem vdi nhau Iqi

4 Cdc ddc diem co ban can nhd khi si} dung Ijnh ORB duoc liet ke nhU" sau:

□ Ljnh ORB Id Ijnh doe lap vd khong ket hop vdi bd't ky thiet bj hay con so' ndo

□ Ljnh ORB diiOc dung de nd'i song song nhieu nhdnh chufa ede tiep diem, thudng Id ede khd'i dd'u no'i tiep vdi khdi trade dd Cdc khdi dd'u nd'i tiep Id tap hop cdc tiep diem dd'u nd'i tiep nhau hay dung trong Ijnh ANB

□ Khai bdo diem bdt dau cua khd'i thadng dung Ijnh LD hay LDI Sau mot khd'i nd'i tiep, khd'i nay daoc nd'i vdo vdi khd'i trade bdng Ijnh ORB

□ Khi viet chaong trinh theo dang ddng Ijnh (Instruction List) ta cd the suf dung mot trong hai phaong phdp lap trinh (cho Ijnh ORB) : lap trinh tudn ta, hay lap trinh theo Id, theo khd'i

4 Gidi hgn khi lap trinh theo Id : Khi dung Ijnh ORB thep phaong phdp lap trinh theo

Id ta khong daoc si} dung qua 8 Ijnh LD vd LDI d phdn djnh nghTa cdc khd'i daoc nd'i song song

4 Khi lap trinh khi xd ly tudn ta , khong cd gidi hgn cho so' nhdnh mdc song song khi dung Ijnh ORB

2.I.2.2 LINH AND BLOCK (ANB)

4 Chufc ndng cua Ijnh ANB Id dung nd'i nd'i tiep cdc khd'i (md mdi khd'i chufa nhieu nhdnh song song chufa tiep diem ) Iqi vdi nhau

4 Cdc ddc diem co ban can nhd khi si} dung Ijnh ANB daoc liet ke nha sau:

□ Ljnh AND Id Ijnh ddc lap vd khong ket hop vdi bd't ky thiet bj hay con so' ndo

□ Ljnh ANB daoc dung de nd'i nd'i tiep cdc khd'i mqch song song nhieu nhdnh ( tren mdi nhdnh cd chufa cdc tiep diem ), vdi khd'i trade do Cdc khd'i dd'u song song Id tap hop cdc tiep diem dd'u song song nhau hay dung trong Ijnh ORB

□ Khai bdo diem bdt dau cua khd'i thadng dung Ijnh LD hay LDI Sau mot khd'i nd'i tiep, khd'i nay daoc nd'i vdo vdi khd'i trade bdng Ijnh ANB

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Cjicio Tfiiult ^Jiiuh (dJu/efttp, 02 Trang: 15

□ Khi viet chacfng trinh theo dang dong Ijnh (Instruction List) ta co the suf dung mot trong hai phuong phdp lap trinh (cho Ijnh ORB) : lap trinh tudn tu", hay lap trinh theo 16, theo kho'i

4 Gi6i hqn khi lap trinh theo 16 : Khi dung Ijnh ANB thep phUOng phdp lap trinh theo

16 ta khong diidc su" dung qua 8 Ijnh LD vd LDI d phdn djnh nghTa cdc kho'i di/dc no'i song song

^4 Khi lap trinh khi xu" ly tudn tu , Ijnh ANB dung dd'u no'i tiep mot so' cdc mgch song song nhieu nhdnh , vdi kho'i trudc do

Chung ta co the torn tdt chufc ndng vd ddc diem cua cdc Ijnh ORB vd ANB trong bang sau day:

chufa cdc tiep diem no'i

tiep ) vdi nhau lai

Khong co

1 1

j h

1 1 ANB

(AND

Block)

No'i no'i tiep nhieu nhdnh

( md mdi nhdnh chda

cdc tiep diem son a

sonq ) vdi nhau lai

Mot doan chudng trinh mo td

Cdc Ijnh ORB vdi ngon ngd

cd'u true Ijnh, cho PLC ho FX-2N

cua nhd sdn xud't Mitsubishi

LD X003 AND MO ORB

LD X004 AND Ml ORB OUT Y006

Dung ngon ngu- Ijnh- Instruction Let)

LD X001 AND X002

LD X003 AND MO

LD X004 AND Ml ORB ORB OUT Y006

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(jicia tilth JOqifL ^Jriitli ^ (dJuMttQ, 02 Trang: 16 Xet doan chUcfng trinh sau dp dung Ijnh ANB, xem hinh 2.23

OR

Y006 OUT

ORB

Lap trinh theo phudng phdp tudn 11/ (dung ngon ngiJ Ijnh):

LD XOOO ORXOOI

LD X002 AND MO LDIX005 AND Ml

ORB ORX003

ANB ORX004 OUT Y006

ORI I

HINH 2.23:

Mot doan chuong trinh mo td

Cdc Ijnh ORB vd AND vdi ngdn ngd

cd'u true Ijnh, cho PLC ho FX-2N

cua nhd sdn xudt Mitsubishi

2.1.3.CAC LINH CHUYEN DUNG SET VA RESET CUA PLC MITSUBISHI (HO FX-2N)

^^dc Ijnh SET vd RESET dung trong ngon ngu" Ijnh lap trinh cho cdc PLC ho FX- 2N cua nhd sdn xud't Mitsubishi co tdc dong vd chufc ndng gidng nhu Ijnh SET vd RESET khi lap trinh cho PLC TSX Nano Tuy nhien cdc ky hieu tdt, each bieu dien cdc Ijnh SET

vd RESET tren gidn do Ladder cua PLC ho FX khong gidng nhu PLC ho TSX Nano

Ta co the torn tdt cdc chufc ndng vd ddc tinh cua cdc Ijnh SET vd RESET trong bang sau:

SET

(SET)

Di/a mot tdan hang, hay

cuon day len trqng thai

Di/a mot tdan hang, hay

cuon day trd Iqi trqng thai

OFF (vTnh vien)

RST

Yi,

Mi, Si

Vdi cdc tdan hang thong thudng dude tdc dong bdi cdc Ijnh SET vd RST; chung

ta co the xet trong doan chudng trinh thi du sau, xem hinh 2 34 sau day Trong trudng hop Ijnh RST sQ dung vdi cdc khdi djnh thi vd khdi dem se dddc khdo sat trong cdc chuong sau

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LD YOOl OUT Ml

LD XOOl RSTYOOl

HINH2.24 :

Mot doan chUdng trinh mo td Ijnh SET vd RST cua FLO hoc FX-2N (Mitsubishi)

2.1 ^.CAC LINH CHUYEN DUNG CHO BO DINH THI CUA PLC MITSUBISHI (HO FX-2N)

^^dc bo djnh thi duoc sd dung trong PLC ho FX-2N khdng dadc phdn loai cu the (theo cdc loai ON Delay, OFF Delay ), nhu trong luc lap trinh bo djnh thi suf dung PLC ho TSX Nano

Vdi PLC ho FX, bo djnh thi co cdc ddc tinh nhi/ sau:

Ky hieu cua toan hang ddc trUng cho bp djnh thi Id T i

4 Hinh thufc sd dung bp djnh thi (khi lap trinh theo sd do Ladder) Id cupn day mang ten Ti vd dieu khien di/dc cdc tiep diem thddng dong hay thddng hd mang cung ten

Id Ti

4- Bp djnh thi khi hpat dpng, co the xem nha mot bp dem sd xung Clock; ngd ra cua bp djnh thi dddc kich hpat khi gid trj dem ( sd xung Clock nay ) ttf 0 den gid trj hdng sd K djnh trade Gid trj K nay diidc ngadi lap trinh xdc djnh trong giai doan lap trinh Chu ky cua xung Clock co thethay doituf 1 ms , 10ms hay lOOmstuy thupc vdo

hp PLC

4 Thdi gian djnh thi cua bp djnh thi dadc xdc djnh theo quan he nhu sau:

Thdi gian djnh thi = K x ( Chu ky cua xung Clock chudn ben trong PLC)

4- Ky hieu cua bp djnh thi trong gian do Ladder co dang nhu cupn day relay

thong thadng, tuy nhien gid trj hdng sd K daoc chpn de xdc djnh khdang thdi gian djnh thi, dude ghi ke ben bp djnh thi

K30

4 Chufc ndng cua bp djnh thi ludn Id ON Delay thdi gian

4 Bp djnh thi dung trong PLC hp FX-2N cd the lap trinh de thuc hien tinh ndng bp djnh thi khd nhd Khi su" dung chufc ndng nay ta phdi phdi hdp bp djnh thi vdi Ijnh RST

Trong hinh 2.25 ta cd thi du mo td che dp hpat dpng cua bp djnh thi theo trqng thdi ON Delay thong thi/dng vd trang thdi ON Delay khd nhd

T25

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HINH2.25 :

Mot thi du cho bo djnh thi thi/c hien

trgng thai relay thdi gian ON Delay

LD

X002

OUT

T25 RST

LD

HINH2.26 :

Mot thi du cho bo djnh thi thi/c hien

trgng thdi relay thdi gian ON Delay,

co nhd

LD XOOO OUT T25 K30 LDT25

OUT Y002

LD XOOO OUT T25 K30

LD T25 OUT Y002 LDX002 RST T25

2.2 CAC THI DU LAP TRINH THUC HIEN CAC YEU CAU DIEU KHIEN CO BAN :

Xrong phdn nay, chung ta khdo sat mot so ufng dung lap trinh diiu khien PLC bdng each thi/c hien to hop ede Ijnh co ban vufa trinh bay Muc tieu cua ede thi du nay giup hieu ro hdn ve ede Ijnh lap trinh Tuy nhien, de de dang cho viec nhgn thufc, chung ta khdo sat song song dong thdi ede mgch dieu khien dung khl cu dien td vdi ede lap trinh dung ngdn nguf LADDER (de nhgn xet dude ede diem tuong dong cung nhu khdc biet trong hai phuOng phdp dieu khien, du ket qua nhgn dUOc trong qua trinh dieu khien tuong dUOhg nhu nhau)

ISI hdm tgo dieu kien thugn loi cho viec lap trinh ve sau, song song vdi ede chuong trinh don gian trinh bay trong moi thi du; chung ta nen quan tdm den ede khl cu, linh kien bo' trl tren ngd vdo vd ra cua PLC de chuong trinh xdy dung co tlnh thUc te vd khd thi

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2.2.1 DIEU KHIEN CONTACTOR HOAT DONG BANG NUT NHAN :

tn tren ngo ra %Q0.1 cua PLC vd ndi den nguon ludi 220V- AC Vdi phUdng phdp Idp ddt tren, mudn contactor M hogt dong chung ta can lap trinh sao cho: khi tdc dong len nut nhd'n ON tren ngo vdo %I0.0, ngo ra %Q0.1 hogt dong (xem nhu" dgt trgng thai 1) kin mgch cd'p nguon cho cuon day M cua contactor Khi tdc dong len nut nhd'n OFF contactor M ngufng hogt dong

Km su" dung mgch dieu khien dung khi cu dien tuf thong thudng phi/dng phdp Idp mgch dieu khien trmh bay trong hinh 2.28 ; vdi phu'dng phdp dung PLC ta Idp mgch nhu trong hinh 2.27 vd viet dogn chUdng trinh mo td trong hinh 2.29

ST %Q0.1 END

_n

%I0

n 2

a%Q 0.1

HINH 2.29 : ChUdng trinh dieu khien dung ngon ngd LADDER

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Chung ta co the dung he-thong nut nhdn dieu khien van hdnh contactor nhuhg khong su" dung cdc Ijnh lap trinh nha vOfa trinh bay neu tren Chung ta khdo sat hinh 2.30 vdi phuOng phdp lap trinh bdng Ijnh SET vd RESET

ChUOng trinh lap trinh theo LADDER dung nut nhdn ON vd OFF dieu khien contactor M tren ngo ra cua PLC co the lap trinh nhu sau:

2.4.2 DUNG KHOI DINH THI ON DELAY TAP THANH RELAY THdl GIAN OFF DELAY :

Ddi vdi, PLC ho FX-2N cua nhd sdn xud't MITSUBISHI khdi thdi gian thuoc dang ON delay , mudn tgo thdnh relay thdi gian dang OFF Delay chung ta co the sQ dung cdc Ijnh lap trinh nhUsau (xem hinh 2.31)

Trong hinh 2.31, khi ngo vdo X0001 d trgng thdi 1, relay thdi gian T4 khdng tdc dong Ngay sau khi ngo vdo X0001 xud'ng trgng thdi 0 , relay thdi gian T4 bdt dau tdc dong; ngdai ra ngo ra Y0002 cung tdc dong d trgng thdi 1 khi ngo vdo X0001 d trgng thdi 1

Do tdc dong cua tiep diem Y0002 (dong vai trd tu gid) nen khi ngd vdo xud'ng trgng thdi 0, ngd raY0002 van tiep tuc duy tri trgng thdi 1; cho den khi relay thdi gian T4 tdc dong, tiep diem thi/dng dong cua T4 ngdt di/dng cung cap nguon vdo cho cdc "cugn day" ngd ra Y0002 vd relay thdi gian T4, tdan bo he thd'ng trd ve trgng thdi ban dau Ngd ra Y0002 chuyen ve trgng thdi 0 tre hdn mot khdang thdi gian sau khi ngd vdo chuyen xud'ng trgng thdi 0 ; tdc ddng tifdng ti/ nha trgng thdi cua relay thdi gian OFF delay

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2.2.3 LAP TRINH TAP XUNG DON ON - DO RONG XUNG CO THE DIEU CmNH :

qng mqch nay thi/dng ufng dung vdo cdc mqch dem Counter (se trinh bay trong cdc chi/ong sau) ; day Id mqch hinh thdnh xung co tdc dung nhu xung cap den cdc ngo vdo cua bp dem

Trong hinh 2.32; khi dung nut nhd'n tdc dpng tren ngo vdo cua PLC, chung ta co the tqo duqc mot xung tin hieu tren ngo ra hoqc xung tin hieu tren bit npi (hay relay npi) cua PLC

2.2.4 LAP TRINH TAO CHUOI XUNG :

I rong doan chu'Ong trinh sau, chung ta phdi hop hai relay thdi gian On delay hinh thdnh mot chudi xung co the dieu chinh thay doi chu ky vd dp rpng xung tren ngo ra hay tren bit npi cua PLC

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CHl/CTNG 03

JJ

3.1 Gl6l THIEU NGON NGQGRAFCET:

ISI gon ngu" Grafcet xay dung theo dang ngon ngU SFC "Sequential Function Chart" trinh bay trong tieu chudn IEC 1131-3 Day la dang ngon ngu" lap trinh, trinh bay mot chudi nhiem vu (hay mot chudi tudn tu cac nhiem vu) can thuc thi, theo dang gidn do Trong gidn do chung ta mo td tudn tu mot chudi cdc hoat dong cua he thong kiem soat, vd cdc tinh hudng khdc nhau se dien ra theo dang ky hieu don gidn Chung ta co the hinh dung mot gidn do Grafcet mdu vdi y nghia cua cdc ky hieu ghi tren gidn do (xem hinh 5.1 sau day)

BL/dC DAU TIEN : dinh nghia trqng thai ban dau cua PLC

BUdC CHUYEN TIER : Lien ket vdi cdc dieu kien chuyen tiep trqng thai, xdc dinh dieu kien logic can thiet de xoa trqng thai chuyen tiep nay

TAG DONG DONG THCll BLltfC 3

VA 7 (AND HOI TUJ.Cdc bUdc tudn tU 3,4,6,6 vd bUdc 7,8,9 Id hai bUdc tudn tu tdc dqng dong thdi

4 TAG VU 5 8 TAG VU

TAG EXDNG TUAN TL/ LL/A CHON (OR PHAN KY).TU 3 den 4 hay 6

10 TAC VU

TAG DONG CHAM DUT TUAN TL/

LL/A CHON (OR HOI TUJ.TU 4 hay 5 den 6

TAG DONG CHAM DL/T CHUOI TUAN TL/ Cho phep dong bp cdc chudi dong thdi

NGL/NG TAG DONG DONG GAG BL/6C 6

VA 9 (AND HOI TU) Cdc tdc vu lien ket dang dien tien trong khi bUdc thUc hien dang hqat dqng

HINH 3.1

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nhQng ky hieu rieng cua ngon ngQgrafcet

BUdC DAU TIEN

So bi/dc toi da cua cd'u hlnh :

> Tuf 1 den 96 cho TSX 37-10

> Tuf 1 den 128 cho TSX 37-20 hay TSX-

So budc chuyen trqng thai tdi da cd the chufa dufdc trong cd'u h'rh :

> Tuf 1 den 96 cho TSX 37-10

> Tuf 1 den 128 cho TSX 37-20 hay TSX-

57

AND PHAN KY —

Chuyen trqng thai tuf 1 budc den ede bufdc

ke tiep Diidc suf dung de tdc dpng dong thdi td'i da 11 bddc

/AI* L/ r 1 l/AI* Iv 1 —|

1 AND hoi tu 1 Chuyen tuf nhieu budc gom ve mot bddc

Cd khd ndng lien ket dong thdi td'i da 11 biidc

OR PHAN KY

Chuyen trqng thdi tuf 1 bddc den ede bufdc

ke tiep Dufdc suf dung de hlnh thdnh mot chudi ede bufdc dufdc chpn Ida, td'i da 11 bufdc

"n" so thd tuf cua bddc kiem sdat dddc ndi

ra td do (bddc nguon)

DIEM NOI DEN X

r CAC DUdNG NOI:

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