Ebook a guide to the world bank (second edition)

The World Bank A guide to S E C O N D E D I T I O N 40519 P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur[.]

The World Bank

A guide to

S E C O N D E D I T I O N

40519

The World Bank

A guide to

The World Bank

A guide to

S E C O N D E D I T I O N

© 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank

1818 H Street NW

Washington DC 20433

Telephone: 202-473-1000

Internet: www.worldbank.org

E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org

All rights reserved

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This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop-ment / The World Bank The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume

do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the govern-ments they represent.

The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any ter-ritory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

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ISBN-10: 0-8213-6694-7 (soft cover)

ISBN-10: 0-8213-6718-8 (hard cover)

ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6694-3 (soft cover)

ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6718-6 (hard cover)

eISBN-10: 0-8213-6695-5

eISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6695-0

DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6694-3

Cover design: Rock Creek Creative

Cover photos (clockwise from lower left): World Bank/Jim Pickerell; World Bank/Ami Vitale; World Bank/Gennadiy Ratushenko.

Interior design and typesetting: Circle Graphics

Interior photos: IFC/Rob Wright (page xiv); World Bank/Curt Carnemark (page xvi); World Bank/Simone McCourtie (page 6); World Bank/Thanit Thangpijaigul (page 44); IFC/courtesy of Embraer (page 138); World Bank/Bill Lyons (page 188).

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Guide to the World Bank — 2nd ed.

p cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8213-6694-3 — ISBN 978-0-8213-6695-0 (electronic)

1 World Bank Group 2 Developing countries—Economic conditions 3 Economic assistance I World Bank

HG3881.5.W57G853 2007

332.1'532—dc22

2007019884

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Abbreviations xv

The World Bank Group Mission xvii

Introduction 1

1 How the World Bank Group Is Organized 7

Governance of the World Bank Group 7

The Five World Bank Group Institutions 11

Organizing Principles within the World Bank Group 27

Relationship to the IMF and the UN 40

2 How the World Bank Group Operates 45

Strategies 46

Policies and Procedures 55

The Bank Group’s Finances 59

Financial Products and Services 61

Knowledge Sharing 72

World Bank Project Cycle 76

IFC Project Cycle 82

Partnerships 84

Staff, Consultants, and Vendors 87

3 World Bank Group Countries and Regions 93

Member Countries 94

Africa (Sub-Saharan) 103

East Asia and the Pacific 110

South Asia 115

v

Europe and Central Asia 121

Latin America and the Caribbean 127

Middle East and North Africa 133

4 Topics in Development 139

Agriculture and Rural Development 140

Aid Effectiveness 141

Combating Corruption 143

Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction 144

Debt Relief 145

Economic Research and Data 147

Education 149

Empowerment and Participation 152

Energy and Mining 153

Environment 155

Financial Sector 157

Gender 159

Globalization 160

Governance 161

Health, Nutrition, and Population 163

Indigenous Peoples 166

Information and Communication Technologies 167

Infrastructure 168

Labor and Social Protection 170

Law, Regulation, and the Judiciary 172

Manufacturing and Services 173

Poverty 174

Private Sector Development 176

Social Development 179

Sustainable Development 180

Trade 181

Transport 183

Urban Development 184

Water 185

A P P E N D I X E S

A Contacting the World Bank Group 191

Headquarters and General Inquiries 191

Media Relations, News, and Public Affairs 192

Public Information 193

vi Contents

B Timeline of World Bank Group History 195

C Presidents of the World Bank Group 203

D Country Membership in World Bank Group Institutions 205

E Constituencies of the Executive Directors 215

F Additional Country Resources 229

References 231

Index 233

Figures

1.1 Relationship Between Member Countries and the

World Bank Group 8

1.2 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of IBRD 9

1.3 World Bank Organizational Structure 28

1.4 IFC Organizational Structure 30

1.5 MIGA Organizational Structure 32

2.1 Total IBRD-IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 50

2.2 Total IBRD-IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 50

2.3 IFC Investment Projects by Industry, Fiscal 2006 51

2.4 MIGA Guarantees Issued by Sector, Fiscal 2006 51

2.5 World Bank Project Cycle 77

3.1 Total IBRD-IDA Lending by Region, Fiscal 2006 101

3.2 IFC Investment Projects by Region, Fiscal 2006 102

3.3 MIGA’s Outstanding Portfolio Distribution by Host Region

as of June 30, 2006 102

3.4 Africa: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 106

3.5 Africa: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 106

3.6 East Asia and the Pacific: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme,

Fiscal 2006 112

3.7 East Asia and the Pacific: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector,

Fiscal 2006 112

vii

Contents

3.8 South Asia: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 118

3.9 South Asia: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 118

3.10 Europe and Central Asia: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme,

Fiscal 2006 124

3.11 Europe and Central Asia: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector,

Fiscal 2006 124

3.12 Latin America and the Caribbean: IBRD and IDA Lending

by Theme, Fiscal 2006 130

3.13 Latin America and the Caribbean: IBRD and IDA Lending

by Sector, Fiscal 2006 130

3.14 Middle East and North Africa: IBRD and IDA Lending

by Theme, Fiscal 2006 135

3.15 Middle East and North Africa: IBRD and IDA Lending

by Sector, Fiscal 2006 135

E.1 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of IBRD

as of April 2007 216

E.2 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of IDA

as of April 2007 219

E.3 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of IFC

as of April 2007 222

E.4 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of MIGA

as of April 2007 225

Tables

1.1 County Eligibility for Borrowing from the World Bank

as of July 1, 2006 14

1.2 Cumulative IDA Subscriptions and Contributions 18

2.1 IBRD–IDA Cumulative Lending by Country/Region 62

D.1 Country Memberships and Voting Shares in Each Institution

as of April 2007 206

E.1 Voting Shares of Executive Directors of IBRD as of April 2007 216

E.2 Voting Shares of Executive Directors of IDA as of April 2007 219

E.3 Voting Shares of Directors of IFC as of April 2007 222

E.4 Voting Shares of Directors of MIGA as of April 2007 225

Boxes

1 The Five World Bank Group Institutions 2

2 Millennium Development Goals 3

viii Contents

1.1 Origin of the Term “World Bank” 11

1.2 IBRD Basic Facts 13

1.3 IDA Basic Facts 17

1.4 IFC Basic Facts 20

1.5 MIGA Basic Facts 24

1.6 ICSID Basic Facts 25

2.1 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 47

2.2 Poverty Reduction Strategies: Key Steps 53

2.3 Reporting Fraud or Corruption 59

2.4 Financial Terms and Rates 67

2.5 Obtaining World Bank Group Publications 76

2.6 Web Links for Project Information, Disclosure, and Evaluation 81

3.1 Web Links for Country Membership Information 94

3.2 IBRD Graduates 97

3.3 Africa Fast Facts 104

3.4 East Asia and the Pacific Fast Facts 111

3.5 South Asia Fast Facts 116

3.6 Europe and Central Asia Fast Facts 122

3.7 Latin America and the Caribbean Fast Facts 128

3.8 Middle East and North Africa Fast Facts 134

4.1 Web Links for Data and Statistics 147

F.1 Regional Web Sites 230

ix

Contents

The World Bank Group is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world Our focus is on helping the poorest people in the poorest countries by using our financial resources, staff, and exten-sive experience to aid countries in reducing poverty, increasing economic growth, and improving quality of life

Our efforts in this regard are as diverse as the people and landscapes in which

we work In partnership with more than 100 developing countries, we are striving

to improve health and education, fight corruption, boost agricultural support, build roads and ports, and protect the environment Other projects are aimed at rebuilding war-torn countries or regions, providing basic services such as access to clean water, and encouraging investments that create jobs

In addition to this critical groundwork around the world, various parts of the World Bank Group are involved in activities ranging from conducting economic research and analysis to providing financial and advisory services to governments and private enterprises These activities reflect the emphasis we place on sharing development knowledge, which is gleaned not only from our decades of experience but also from that of our 185 members—including both developing and developed countries

This completely revised and updated second edition of A Guide to the World

Bank provides an accessible and straightforward overview of the World Bank

Group’s history, organization, mission, and purpose Additionally, for those wish-ing to delve further into subjects of particular interest, the book guides readers to sources containing more detailed information, including annual reports, Web sites, publications, and e-mail addresses for various departments

It is my hope that this second edition continues to help build a better under-standing of the World Bank Group’s work and awareness of the world’s most crit-ical challenge: putting an end to global poverty

Marwan Muasher

Senior Vice President External Affairs The World Bank

xi

The first edition of A Guide to the World Bank—published in 2003—was

con-ceived and edited by Paul McClure This second edition was produced by a team led by Stephen McGroarty Caroline Banton was indispensable in researching, fact checking, and writing Alice Faintich applied her superb editing skills to the man-uscript Cindy Fisher expertly managed the design and editorial production of the book And Nora Ridolfi adeptly coordinated the printing process

The book also benefited greatly from the advice and feedback of the following people: Anita Ahmed, Timothy T Carrington, John Didier, Francis Dobbs, Pernille Falck, Alexander Ferguson, Melissa Fossberg, Nicole Frost, Nadine Shamounki Ghannam, Leroy Grassley, Declan Heery, Jung Lim Kim, Natalia Kirpikova, Johanna Martinson, Katherine Marshall, Paul McClure, Roger Morier, Merrell Tuck-Primdahl, Catherine M Russell, Estela T Sanidad, Elena Serrano, Abigail Tamakloe, and Filippo Zanzi

Many people in the Bank’s Office of the Publisher contributed to or provided assistance to this project Thanks go to Jose de Buerba, Valentina Kalk, Patricia Katayama, Kathryn Matthews, Paola Scalabrin, Thaisa Tiglao, Jonathan Tin, and Shana Wagger for their input We are also grateful for the continuous support and guidance provided by Dirk Koehler, Santiago Pombo, Nancy Lammers, Randi Park, Richard Crabbe, and Carlos Rossel

xiii

CAS Country Assistance Strategy

CSO civil society organization

HIPC heavily indebted poor countries

HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency

syndrome

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

IDA International Development Association

IFC International Finance Corporation

IMF International Monetary Fund

MDG Millennium Development Goal

MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

NGO nongovernmental organization

PIC public information center

PREM Poverty Reduction and Economic Management

PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

TB tuberculosis

UN United Nations

VPU vice presidential unit

WBI World Bank Institute

All dollar amounts are U.S dollars unless otherwise indicated

xv

A man works in a timber factory in Bosnia and Herzegovina The ability to work is the only financial asset of many of the world’s poor people Efficient labor markets create opportunities

for work, thereby helping to reduce poverty.

To fight poverty with passion and professionalism for lasting results To help people help themselves and their environment by providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity, and forging partnerships in the public and private sectors.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

International Development Association

To promote sustainable private sector investment in developing countries, helping to reduce poverty and improve people’s lives.

International Finance Corporation

To promote foreign direct investment into developing countries to help support economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve people’s lives.

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

The World Bank Group Mission

A mother and child in Botswana Nearly half of the world’s population today is under 25 years old Nine out of ten of these young people live in developing countries Within

the developing world the majority of the

poor are children and youth.