" , Directiuns: Use the given words to make comparisons.. Chart 9-1 Directions: Complete the sentences with one of the following:.. -, ' Directions: Complete the sentences by using as
Trang 1I CONTENTS
9-1 Making comparisons with a s a s
9-2 Comparative and superlative
9-3 Comparative and superlative forms
of adjectives and adverbs
9-4 Completing a comparative
9-5 Modifying comparatives
9-6 Comparisons with l e s s than
and n o t a s a s
9-7 Unclear comparisons 9-8 Using m o r e with nouns 9-9 Repeating a comparative 9-10 Using double comparatives
9-1 1 Using superlatives 9- 12 Using t h e s a m e , s i m i l a r , dzxerent, like, alike
",*,.,,.;
"r ":: " ,
Directiuns: Use the given words to make comparisons , "$ ' .-
1 short~long lines (Compare the lengths of the lines.)
llne A line B line C
line D
llne E
+ Line C is shorter than lines A and B
+ B is the longest line of all
+ C isn4 as long as A
+ (continue w make compa*ons)
2 happylsad look on his face
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Trang 2large/small country (in total land area)
, ~ _ I Brazil: 3,286,488 sq mi (8,511,965 sq krn)
, Egypt: 385,229 sq mi (997,739 sq km)
: '
, S p a h 194,897 sq mi (504,782 sq km)
.:A, , , ,
<: i Canada: 3,553,303 sq mi (9,203,054 sq km)
, C.'&,!
c , - :.+:.t ,&,, , - , : <,
easy/difficult questions F, ?",.y , , , , s,i*c> ' " ~
, ,~ .<
SECOND Q ~ S T I O N : What's the square root of 937 divided by 16?
THIRD QUESTION: What's 3 times 127?
F O U R M QUBSTfON: what's 2 plus 3?
2 goodhad handwriting
EXAMPLE A: &I& ,d&- CY( && ./
EXAMPLE B:
EXAMPLE C:
1 9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH A S A S
(a) Tina is 21 years old Sam is also 21
Tina is as old as Sam (is)
(b) Mike came as auickly as he could
(f) Sam is just as old as Tina Common modifiers of as as are just (meaning
(g) Ted is nearly/almost as old as Tina "exactly") and nsarlylalmost
A s as is used to say that the two pans of a comparison
are equal or rhe same in some way
In (a): as + aajecriw + as
In (b): as + a d w r b + as
(c) Ted is 20 Tina is 2 1
Ted is not as old =Tina
(d) Ted isn't quite as old asTina
(e) Amy is 5 She isn't nearly as old as Tina
'Also possible: not s o as: Ted is not so d d c Tina
Negative form: not as as.* Quite and nearly are
often used with the negative
In (d): not quite a s as = a small difference
In (e): not nearly as as = a big difference
248 CHAPTER 9
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Trang 3EXERCISE 2 Comparisons with AS AS (Chart 9-1)
Directions: Complete the sentences with one of the following:
just as
almost aslnot quite as not nearly as
1 Glass 4 is a\wost as/*& qlii(te a s full as glass 2
~m U Compare the boxes
r , '
Directions: Using the given words, complete the sentences with as as Use a negative
1 a housefly and an ant
A* a*+ 'sh't L (qu ~ t e l a s big as a housefly
2 a lion and a tiger
Comparisons 249
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Trang 43 a lake and an ocean
big as
4 honey and sugar
sweet as
5 good health and money
important as
6 adults and children/usually
patient as
7 a galaxy and a solar system
large as
8 monkeys and people
agile in climbing trees as
9 reading a novel and listening to music
0 EXERCISE 4 Comparisons with A S AS (Chart 9-1) ~ -, '
Directions: Complete the sentences by using as as and yo& own words
1 I need you right away1 Please come
+ Please come as soon as possible
2 We can't go any farther This is
+ This is as far as we can go
3 I can't work any faster I'm working
4 An orange is sweeter than a lemon In other words, an orange is not
5 A stream is usually much narrower than a river In other words, a stream isn't
6 I had expected the test to be difficult, and it was In other words, the test was just
7 It's important to use your English every day You should practice speaking
English
8 You're only old if you feel old You are young
9 You might think it's easy to do, but it's not quite
10 It takes an hour to drive to the airport It takes an hour to fly to Chicago In other words, it takes
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Trang 5EXERCISE 5 Comparisons with AS AS (Chart 9-1)
Directions: As us is used in many traditional phrases These phrases are generally spoken rather than written See how many of these phrases you're familiar with by
completing the sentences with the given words
a bulllan m a kite a wet hen
a cat
When will dinner be ready? I'm as hungry as a brav !
Did Bill really lift that heavy box all by himself? He must be as strong as
It was a lovely summer day School was out, and there was nothing in particular A ' I had to do I felt
as free as Marco won't change his mind He's as stubborn as
How can anyone expect me to sleep in this bed? It's as hard as , I > '.,I,
Of course I'M heard that joke before! It's as old as Why are you pacing? What's the matter? You're as nervous as
Thanks for offering the help, but I can carry the box alone It looks heavy, but it isn't It's as light as
When Erica received the good news, she felt as high as
Was she angry? You'd better believe it!
She was as mad as
Comparisons 251
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Trang 60 EXERCISE 6 Comparisons wlth AS .AS (Chart 9-1)
Direchm: Complete the sentences with your own words
Example: not as sharp as
-* A pencil pmnt isn 't as sharp as a needle
A kitchen knife isn't ac sharp as a razor blade
My mind isn't as sharp in the afternoon as it is in the morning
1 just as important as 9 not as heavy as
2 not as comfortable as 10 just as nutritious as
3 not nearly as interesting as 11 as often as I can
4 just as good as 12 as often as I used to
6 not as quiet as 14 not as easy as it looks
7 almost as good a s 15 as much as possible
8 not as fiiendly as
1 9-2* COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
(a) "A* is older than "B."
@) "A" and "B" are oZ&r than "C" and "D."
(c) Ed is more generous than his brother
(d) "A," "B," "C," and "D" are sisters "A" is
the oldest of all four sisters
(e) A woman inTurkey claims to be the
oldest person in the world
(f) Ed is the most g s n m Nrson in his
family
The comparative compares this to that or these to those
Form: -er or more (See Chart 9-3.)
Notice: A comparative is followed by than
The superlative compares one part of a whole group to
all the rest of the group Form: -eat or most (See
Chart 9-3 for fonns.) Notice: A superlative begins with the
EXERCISE 7 Error analysis: comparative and superlative (Chart 9-2)
Directions: Correct the errors
1 Alaska is large thanTexas
-r Alaska is lorger than E m s
2 Alaska is largest state in the United States
3 Texas is the larger from France in land area
4 Old shoes are usually more comfortable to new shoes
5 I like Chinese food more better than French food
6 A pillow is more soft from a rock
7 My brother is 22 I am 20 My sister is 18 I am the youngest than my brother My sister is the younger person in our family
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Trang 7EXERCISE 8 Comparative and superlative (Chart 9-2)
Directions: Choose five to ten moveable objects (in this room or in the possession of anyone
in this room) and put them in a cenual place Compare the items using the given words and
your own words Use both the comparative (-erlmore) and the superlative ( - e s h o s t )
Example: big/small
SPEAKER A: Omar's pen is bigger than Anya's ring
SPEAKER B: Sergio's calculator is smaller than Kim's briefcase
SPEAKER C: T h e biggest thing on the table is the briefcase
SP-R D: E ~ c
1 biglsmall
2 softihard
3 lightheavy
4 cheaplexpensive
5 etc
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
ONE-SYLLABLB
ADJECTIVES
TWO-SYLLABLE
ADJ'RCIIVES
old older the oldest For most one-syllable adjectives, wise wiser the wisest -er and -8st are added
famous more famous the most famous For most two-syllable adjectives, pleasant more pleasant the most pleasant more and most are used
busy busier the busiest -Er and -est are used with two-
prettier the prettiest syllable adjectives that end in y
The y is changed to 4
clever cleverer the cleverest Some two-syllable adjectives use
more dever the most clever either -wl-mt or morelmost:
gentle gentler the gentlest able, angty, clever, common, cruel,
more gentle the most gentle friendly, gentle, handsome, narrow,
friendly friendlier the friendliest pleasant, polite, quiet, simple, sour
more fiendly the most friendly mpcnws I i m p o e t more important the most important Mom and most are used with wmi m eOR fasc~nann~ - more fascinatina the most fascinatinn - I lona adiectives
good better the best Good and bad have irregular
forms
-LY ADVERBS carefully more carefully the most carefully Map and most are used with
slowly more slowly the most slowly adverbs that end in -ly.*
far farther/furtheri* the farthestT~rthest
*Exception: wrb is both an adjective and an adverb Forms: sarlhr, ea&f
*Borhpbrther and&& are used to compare physical distances: I orrlksdfarthmlfunhn r h mynyf*ind did F w t h w (but
notfiarthm) can also mean "additional": I nredfunhm +marion
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Trang 8EXERCISE 9 Comparative and superlative forms (Charts 9-2 and 9-3)
Directim: Give the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives and adverbs
14 far
EXERCISE 10 COI ,-.- ,- .-~rts 9 - -nd 9-3)
Direccionc Complete the sentences with the correct comparative form (-el-or) of the given adjectives
1 Oranges are S\UP&PV than lemons
I ,
2 I heard a little polite laughter when I told my jokes, but everyone laughed loudly when Janet told hers Her jokes are always much than mine
3 Many more people die in car accidents than in plane accidents Statistics show that
t I
airplane
're
4 Professor Sato speaks clearly, but I have trouble understanding Professor Larson's
Sato's -*,,>A
-
5 Bobby! How did you get all covered with mud? Hurry and take a bath Even the
*Spelling notes:
When a one-syllable sdiecdve ends in one vowel + a conso-t, double the consonant and add -erl-est
Example: sod, aaddw, a d d - t
When an adjective ends in rwo vow& + a consonant, do NOT double the consonant: cool, cooler, coolest
When an adjective ends in -e, do double the cansonant: wide, widor, widest
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Trang 96 A: Why does wet sand look than dry sand?
B: Because wet sand reflects less light
7 A: The moon is full tonight There's not a cloud in the sky Look at the moonlight on the lake It makes the water sparkle Have you ever seen a
sight than this?
B: No It's beautiful
8 If a cat and a duck are out in the rain, the cat will get much than the duck The water will simply roll off the duck's feathers but will soak into the cat's hair
Directions: Complete the sentences with farther andlorfirthor Use both if possible
1 Ron and his friend went jogging Ron ran two miles, but his friend got tired after one mile Ron ran f a v t h ~ v / f h v t h ~ v than his friend did
2 If you have any f h v t k ~ v questions, don't hesitate to ask
4 I gave my old computer to my younger sister because I had no use for it
than my old apartment was
6 Thank you for your help, but I'll be fine now I don't want to cause you any
trouble
Comparisons 255 www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com
Trang 100 EXERCISE 12 Comparatives (Charts 9 - 2 and 9-3)
Directions: Choose any appropriate adjective from the list (or any adjective of your own choosing) to make comparisons between the given items Use the comparative form
(morel-or)
btight flexible short
enjuyable relaxing thin
1 traveling by air \ traveling by bus
+ Tmveling by air is faster rhan traveling by bus
Traveling by air is easier rhan tmveling by bus
Etc
2 a pool \ a lake
i
3 an elephant's neck \ a giraffe's neck .t
."
.,
" 4 ?
4 sunlight \ moonlight -r
i,u ,
L & , ~
i : ,~
, , 7@< .: * 8
6 walking \ running , ,*?>
7 a river \ a stream .-
<.: ' < +
9 nothing \ sitting in a garden on a quiet summer day
10 a butterfly's wing \ a blade of grass
Directions: Work in pairs
Speaker A: Ask the given question Your book is open
Speaker B: Answer the question Begin your response with "Not really, b u t at
least !' Your book is closed
Example:
SPEAKER A (book open): Is the mayor of this city famous?
SPEAKER B (bwk closed): Not really, but at least helshe is more famous than I am
13,
Switch roles
1 Is a mouse big? 7 Is the floor clean?
2 Is this room large? 8 Is a pen expensive?
3 Is your desk comfortable? 9: Is this book heavy?
4 Is an elephant intelligent? 10 Is blue a bright color?
5 Was the last exercise easy? 11 Is (name of a city) close to (name of this city)?
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Trang 11(a) I'm older than my brother (r) In formal English, a subject pronoun (e.g., he) follows
@) I'm older than he is than, as in @) In everyday, informal spoken English, an
(c) I'm older than him (informal) object pronoun (e.g., him) often follows than, as in ( c )
(d) He works harder than I do Frequently an auxiliary verb follows the subject after
(el I arrived earlier than zhar did than In (d): than I do = than I w k
(f) Ann's hair is longer than Kate's A possessive noun (e.g., Kate's) or pronoun (e.g., mine)
(g) Jack's apartment is smaller than mine
Direcrirms: Complete the sentences Use pronouns in the completions
1 My sister is only six She's much younger than I AW OR imfmmallv) I M ~
2 Peggy is thirteen, and she feels sad She thinks most of the other girls in school are far more popular than
3 The children can't lift that heavy box, but Mr Ford can He's stronger than
4 Jim isn't a very good speller I can spell much better than
5 I was on time Jack was late I got there earlier than
6 Ted is out of shape I can run a lot faster and farther than
7 Isabel's classes are diEcult, but my classes are easy Isabel's classes are more ditficult
8 Our neighbor's house is very large Our house is much smaller than
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