Oxford english practice grammar tự học ngữ pháp tiếng anh phần 1

The Oxford Practice Grammar is a series of three books, each vvritten at ứie right level for you at each stage in your study of English.. Each unit starts with an explanation of the gra

Oxíord English

Practice Grammar

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CÀN BẢ

Norman Coe

Mark Harrison

Ken Paterson

wỉth answer

Hồng Đ iíc (Dịch và Giới thiệu)

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN T ừ ĐIỂN BÁCH KHOA

Oxford Practic^ Grammar

Basic

with ansvvers

Norman Coe Mark Harrison Ken PatersoE

O X F O R D

UNIVERSITY PRESS

NhÀ XUẤT BẢN T ừ ĐIỂsl BÁCH KHOA

Key to symbols IX

Tenses: present

1 Be: Presenl Simple (1) 2

2 Bc: Present Simple (2) 4

3 Present Simple (1) 6

4 Prcsent Simple (2) 8

5 Prescnt Continuous (1) 10

6 Present Contừiuoiis (2) 12

7 Present Simple or Present Continuous 14

Tenses: past

9 Be: Past Simple 20

10 Past Simple 22

11 Past Continuous 24

12 Past Simple or Past Continuous 26

13 Prescnt Pcríect (1) 28

15 Prescnt Pcrfect (3) 32

16 Past Simple or Present Períect 34

17 Present Períect Continuous 36

18 Prescnt Pcríect Simple or Continuous 38

19 Past Períect 40

Tenses: future

21 Be going to 46

22 WỈUandshaJl 48

23 WiU or be going to 50

24 Present Continuous for ứìc íuture 52

25 Prescnt tcnse: when, before, aíter, untiỉ, etc 54

S e n t e n c e s a n d q u e s t io n s

27 Nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc 60

28 Word order: subject, verb, object 62

29 ‘Yes/no* questions 64

30 where, wben, why, how 66

31 Who, what, which 68

32 How lon g/^ /often ? 70

33 W hat ,like? 72

34 Who and what: subject and obiect 74

35 Whos€ is this? - It*s lohn^s 76

36 Question tags 78

37 Short answers 80

38 So am I, I am too, Neither am ỉ, etc 82

Modal verbs

39 Ability: can, can’t, could, couldn’t 86

40 Can/Could I? May I? Can/Could you? 88

41 Must, inu$tn’t 90

43 Musưhave to, mustn*t/don't have to 94

44 Must, may, might> could 96

45 Should, shouldn’t 98

46 Shouỉd, ought to, had better 100

47 Need needn% needn't have 102

48 Had to do/go> should have done/gone 104

Articles nouns, pronouns, etc.

49 Articles (1): a, an or thc 108

50 Artides (2): a/an, the or no article 110

51 Plural nouns; onc and ones 112

52 This» ứiat, these, those 114

53 Countable and uncountable nouns 116

54 A, some, &ny, no 118

55 I and me (subject and object pronouns) 120

56 There or it/they 122

57 My, your; mine; yours 124

58 Myself, yourseư, etc.; each oứier 126

59 Direct and indừect objects 128

60 Mudi, many; how much/many; more 130

61 A lot of, lots of, a littlc, a few 132

62 Something» anybodỵ, nothing, etc 134

63 Every/each; one/another/other/others 136

64 AU, most, some, none 138

A d j e c t iv e s a n d a d v e r b s

65 Adjectives (order) 142

66 Adjectives: -ed or -ing 144

67 Cardinal and ordinal numbers 146

68 Comparison: (not) as as 14«

69 Too and enough 150

70 So and such 152

71 Comparative adjectives 154

72 Superlatíve adjectives 156

73 Adverbs (1): adjectives and adverbs 158

74 Adverbs (2): adverbs of írequency 160

75 Adverbs (3): place, directíon, sequence 162

76 Adverb + adjective; noun + noun; etc 164

77 Position of adverbs in a sentence 166

Prepositions

78 Prepositìons of place and movement 170

79 Prepositions of tiine 172

80 As/like; as ií/as though 174

81 In; with; preposition + -ing 176

82 Other uses of prepositìons 178

83 Verb + prepositìon 180

84 Adjcctive + prejx)sition 182

Verbs

85 Have and have got 186

86 Make, do, have, get 188

87 Phrasal verbs (1): meanings and types 190

88 Phrasal verbs (2): separability 192

89 Passive sentences (1) 194

90 Passive sentences (2) 196

91 Have something done 198

92 Iníìnitive wiứiywithout to 200

93 Verb + -ing; like and would like 202

94 Verb + to or verb + -ing 204

95 Purpose: for .ing 206

96 Verb + object (+ to) + inlìnitive 208

CONTENTS • PAGEVII

Conditionals and reported speech

97 Zero Conditional and First Conditional 212

98 Second Conditional 214

99 Third Conditional 216

100 Reported speech (1) 218

101 Reported speech (2) 220

102 Reported questions 222

Building sentences

103 And, but, so, both and, either, etc 226

104 Because, in case, so, so that 228

105 Since, as, for 230

106 Although, vvhile, hovvever, despite, etc 232

107 Relative dauses (1) 234

108 Relative clauses (2) 236

109 Relative clauses (3) 238

Appendices

2 Regular verbs 243

3 Irregular verbs 244

4 Adjectives and adverbs 245

Key to the exercises 246

Key to the exit test 288

HAGE VIII • CONTENTS

The Oxford Practice Grammar is a series of three

books, each vvritten at ứie right level for you at

each stage in your study of English The series is

intended for your use either in a classroom or

whcn working independently in your own time

The books are divided into units, each of which

covers an important grammar topic Each unit

starts with an explanation of the grammar and

this is followed by a set of practice exercises

Tests at the end of each unit or section of units

give the opportunity for more practice and

enable you to assess how much you have learned

Answers to the exercises and the tests are given at

the back of the book

You may want to choose the ordcr in which you

study the grammar topics, perhaps going íìrst to

those giving you problems (Topics are listed in

the G)ntents page at the ÍTont of each book and

in the Index at the back.) Alternatively you may

choose to start at the beginning of cach book

and work through to the end

An interactive CD-ROM is included at each of

the three levels, oíĩering altemativc ways to

practíse You can recognize and correct written

mistakes, and you can also takc part in spoken

diaỉogues; you can record and listen to ỵour own

voice and leam to speak more naturally

Exam practice

The first level in the series is Oxford Practice

Grammar - Basic This is suitable for elcmentary

to pre-intermediate learners, and those vvoridng

for thc PET exam The second is Oxford Practice

Grammar - Intermedùite, for students who are

no longer beginners but are not yet advanced in

their use of Engiish It is suitable for those

studying for the Cambridge FCE Oxford Practice

Grammar - Advanced is for those who have

progressed beyond the intermcdiate Icvel and

who wish to increase theừ knowledge of English

grammar and become more confident when

using it It helps students preparc for CAE, CPE,

TOEFL, lELTS, and other advanced-level exams

The Oxford Practice Grammar - Basừ is vvrittcn

for elementary to pre-intermediate students of Engỉish

Grammar topics are explained simply and clearly and you are given lots of opportunity to practise

Each new topic is presented on a left-hand page and the practice section foUows on thc same page or the fecing page You can thereíore look

aCTOss to the explanation while you are working

through the exercises

Appendices at the back of the book summarize how to form plurak of nouns, verb endings, comparative forms of adj€ctives, and adverbs They also indude a table of ừregular verbs

An exit test providcs an opportunity for more

practice, and prcparrs you for OxfoTd Practice

Grammar - Intermediate.

There is an interactive Oxfoni Practice Grammar

website at www.oup.com/elt/practicegrammar

Key to symbols

Tho Symbol / (oblique sứoto) betw®en two W0fds

means that eíther word is pó»ible Wa put d o n

betore hBlstMlít means that W9 ịmA dO0s befon

h9,W eput do*a bators */w and Wb put đoM

betore H are all possible In exerdse questlons this

Symbol Is ateo I^ed to separate words or phrases

wtiich are possible answere

Brackets () around a word or phrase in the middle

of a senteóo9 mean ttiat it can be l6ft out She

said ịthat) she Hved in a small fíat means that there

are tvvo póssible sentences: She sald that she llvữd

in a smatl fíat and Sh0 sakỉ sh0 lìved in a smaH Hat.

The Symbol ~ means ttut there is a change of speaker In example When did Jane go to

India? - In June, ttie question and answer are spoken by different people

The Symbol ^ in an exerdse indicates ttìat a sampie an8wer Is glven

INTRODUCTION • PAGE IX

1 Be: Present Simple (1)

1 Here are some examples of be in ứ\e Present

Simple:

This Ì5 m ỵ brother He*s ten years o l í

ưm a student These are my books.

They aren*t at home They*re at the theatre.

2 We form the Present Simple of be like this:

P O S IT IV E

F Ư U F O R M SHORTFORM

y o u a r e y o u ’r e

h e / s h e / i t is h e ’s / s h e ’s / i t 's

y o u a r e y o u ^ re

t h e y a r c t h e y V e

N E G A T IV E

FƯLL FORM SHORT FORM

y o u a r e n o t y o u a r e n ’t

h e / s h e / i t is n o t h e / s h e / ì t i s n 't

Pluraỉ we arc aot we a r c n ’t

y o u a r e n o t y o u a r c n ’t

t h c y a r e n o t ihey aren’t

4 We use be:

► to say w h o we are:

r m Steve and t h i s i$ m ỵ frtend BiỉL We're' from Scotland,

Vm ]anet and these are tnỵ sisters, This is Sandra and this ừ Patricia Sandra and Patricia are doơors.

► to tâ lk a b o u t the vveather:

/f*5 cold todaỵ, /f 5 a beautiỊul day.

/f's usualỉy hot here

ỉt ỉsn*t very warm today.

► to ta lk a b o u t the tim c :

ỉt's ten o^clock

ỉt'$ h aỉf pastfour.

You're lâte!

► to ta lk a b o u t places:

Miỉan is in the north oỊ Itaìy, Ịohn and M ary are in Yorkshire.

► to ta lk a b o u t people’s ages:

M ỵ sister is six years oỉd.

In speech, we usually use the short forms:

She's my sừter He*s my brother.

ư m from ỉtaìy Theỵ*re German.

I ^ r a c l i c c

María is from Brazil She is writing about herselt and her family Put full form s o f bB

in the gaps

► I ạiĩỊ a student from Brazil

► My parents arẹ.nọt (not) rich

1 My fa th e r a teacher

2 My m other (not) Brazilian

3 S h e from America

4 I twenty years old

5 My little b ro th e r two

6 My older b ro ữ ie rs (not) students

7 T h e y in the army

8 I t oflen very hot in Brazil

B Now fill these gaps This time, use short form s of õe, as in the examples.

► r rn a doctor ► \'!V.P.ỌĨ (not) a bank manager

1 She (not) a teacher 6 I t eight o'clock

4 They (not) in the park 9 You (not) ívventy^one

C h oose w o rd s fro m the box to put in the gaps

► My parents live in Scotland teachers

1 New York In England in America

2 P a u l from Germany German

3 My sister is a doctor thlrty years old

4 six o ’c lo c k ! are late

5 Look at the time! Chris and Mary late

D L oo k at th e s e p ictu re s These p e o p le are sa yin g w h o th e y are VVrite sentences,

c h o o s in g th e c o rre c t jo b s fro m the box, as ìn the exam ple

a pop star a ĩarm er

a-poHeemen- an artist

a bank manager a^tootballer a dentist a doctor

a teacher a film star a scientist a photographer names: Ị'ĩV f<??!<?rị9P.-

nationality; yy.ẹ’ trọ.ọi

Ọ j^

names:

nationality jobs:

names:

nationality:

jobs;

names:

nationality:

jobs:

names:

nationality:

jobs:

names;

nationality:

jobs;

TENSES; PRESENT * PAG£ 3

2 Be: Present Simple (2)

VVe u st* b e :

t o ĩ a ĩ k a b o u t h o w w e í'e e J;

r m happv They^re Síĩd.

They^re borecỉ.

We*re hưtĩiịrỵ.

He ừ n t a f r a i d

Shc's ỉim i

/V h thirsty

Thcy *re coỉd.

► t o g r e e t p e o p l e :

B ill: Heỉỉo How are you?

J a n e : Vrn fine thanks Hơw are you?

► t o a p c > ỉo g iz t* :

ỉ*m sorrỵ i^m ỉa te.

► l o d e s c r i b e t h i n g s ;

!t is tf t expensive ĩ f s chcap

ỉi'$ an oỉdỊìlm ỉt ÌSTĨ*Ì very good.

These photos are bad!

( P o r o t h e r L i s e s o í b e , s e e ư n i t 1 )

2 W e u s e t h e r e f b e t o t a l k a b o u t xhe e x i s t e i ì c e

o f s o m e t h i n g ' r h e r c + b e c a n b c u s c t l t o t a l k

a b o u t v v h e r e t h i n g s a r e :

SINGƯI AH: There^s a s u p e r m a r k e t ỉn thi$

Street.

There ỉs a teỉepììone in the flat.

PLURAL : T h e re are som e good caỊes in

the cen tre o f the tow n.

\V c a l s o u s e t h e r e i- b e t o ( a l k a b o u t w h e n

t h i n g s h a p p e n :

'ìhere is a hus to London a t six o'dock There are taxis, bxil there areti^t a m t>u5íí5

on Sunảay.

There isn't anoíher ưaìn tủ Mauchester toíiuy.

W c f o r m q u e s t i o n s v v ith bc i n t h e P r c s c n t

S i m p l c l i k c i h i s :

QUHSTIOKS

Singular A m I

Pluraỉ

A r e y o u

I s h e / s h e / i t

A r e w e

A r e y o u

A r e t h e y

la te ?

la te ?

H c r c a r e s o m e c x a m p l e s o r q u o s t i o n s I i s i n g

a ll t h e f o r m s < )f b e :

Am ỉ ỉatc for the fihn?

Are you ĩw etity years oìd?

Is he tit hom e now?

ĩs she hrcnch or ỉtaìian?

ĩs it ti m e to homc^

Are w e ready to ỉeaveĩ Are you both at unỉversìly?

Arc thcy iỉi Loniỉon today?

Practice

XK M ake sentencGs a b o u t the pictures using the vvords ín

the box Use H e ỊS h e U h e y ar\6 the Present Sim ple o f be.

tíred sad t h ỉr & ty happy hungry bored afraid cold

• 0

► 1 He 2 They

PAGE 4 • TENSeS PRESENT

í ' Use there + the correct form o f be to say what we can and cannot find in the town

of Smailwood

► (a cinema: / ) Thẹrẹ’? a cinema

► (a óver) Thẹnẹ i s n ’t a rtver.

► (restaurants; 10) Therẹ a r e ten restaurants

1 (a castle: / )

2 (baker’s shops; 2) two baker's shops 3 (a zoo: ✓ ) a zoo 4 (banks; 6 ) six banks 5 (a luxury hotel: / ) a iuxury hotei 6 a theatre 7 (nevvsagents: 6) six nevvsagents 8 (many to u rists) many tourists VVríte questions by putting the words in brackets ( ) in the correct order ► (thirsty - you - are)

1 (a teacher - you - are)

2 (they - bored - are)

3 (is - afraid - he)

4 (she - tired - is)

5 (are - you - how)

6 (cold today - it - is)

7 (she - Spanish - is)

8 (they - from London - are)

Put form s o f be in these conversations. steve: This (►)]? Joan, my sister Tom Hello, Joan (1 ) you a student? Joan; No, I (2) a dentist I work in Brighton Mike: How are you, Sally? Sally: I (3 ) fine, thanks Mike: (4 ) you hungry? Sally: Yes (5 ) there a gcxxl restaurant near here? Mike; Yes There (6 ) a good, and cheap, restaurant in VVellington Street Wrỉte questions using the words in brackets ( ) and a form of be. QUESTIONS ► (you/Spanish)? Ạ!T.i(Ọụ ỘRạr.'&b

1 (you/hungry)? .

2 (she/your sister)?

3 (1/late)?

4 (they/from America)?

5 (he/a tennis player)?

6 (you/happ y)?

7 (she/at h o m e )?

8 (he/twenty)?

ANSVVERS

? - No, rm Prench

? - No, youYe on time

? No, they’re from Canada

? - No, he’s a íootballer

? - No, she's at work

? No, he’s eighteen years old

TENSES: PRESENT • PAGE 5