ELEMENTARY PARTICLES Tran Thi Ngoc Dung – Huynh Quang Linh – Physics A2 HCMUT 2016 SOME OF BASIC QUESTIONS ABOUT NATURE • What are the basic building blocks of matter? • What is inside the nucleus? •[.]
Trang 1ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
Tran Thi Ngoc Dung – Huynh Quang Linh – Physics A2 HCMUT 2016
Trang 2SOME OF BASIC QUESTIONS ABOUT NATURE
• What are the basic building blocks of matter?
• What is inside the nucleus?
• What are the forces that hold matter together?
• How did the universe begin?
• Will the universe end, and if so, how and when?
Trang 3HISTORY
• In 1930 the known elementary particles were the
proton, the electron, and the photon
• Thomson identified the electron in 1897, and Einstein
defined the photon in 1905 The proton is the nucleus of the hydrogen atom
• 1932, Chadwick proved the existence of the neutron, and Carl Anderson identified the positron in cosmic rays
Trang 4Fundamental particles
• An elementary particle or fundamental particle is
a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is
unknown whether it is composed of other particles.[
Known elementary particles include
• fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks,
and antileptons), which generally are "matter particles" and "antimatter particles",
• And the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and
the Higgs boson), which generally are "force particles" that mediate interactions among fermions
Trang 5Elementary particles
Fundamental fermions
(MATTER - ANTIMATTER
PARTICLES)
Fundamental Bosons
(force particles)
that mediate interaction
between fermions
QUARKS - ANTIQUARKS
and HIGGS BOSONS
Trang 66 QUARKS, 6 LEPTONS and their antiparticles
Trang 7QUARKS LEPTONS HADRONS
NUCLEI
ATOMS
MOLECULES