Chuyên đề 21 cấu tạo từ

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 21 CẤU TẠO TỪ A THEORY Dấu hiệu nhận biết TỪ LOẠI Các đuôi của danh từ Các đuôi của trạng từ Các đuôi của tính từ Các đuôi của động từ ly full less ic able ous some al ing / ed ern y ible en[.]

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 21: CẤU TẠO TỪ

A THEORY

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

TỪ LOẠI

Các đuôi

của danh từ

Các đuôi của trạng từ

Các đuôi của tính từ

Các đuôi của động từ

-ly -full -less -ic -able -ous -some -al -ing / ed -ern -y -ible -ent -ive -like -ish -ary

-ly -en

-ise / ze -ate -fy

-ment

-ance

-ion / ation

-age

-al

-ing

-er

-or

-ist

-ress

-ant

-ee

-ledge

-ar

-ence

-ness

-ity

-y

-ty

-age

-cy

-dom

-ism

-th

-hood

-ship

 TRẬT TỰ TỪ

1 Sau to be (am/is/are/was/were) là tính

từ

The book is so interesting that I can't put it down

2 Sau động từ là trạng từ. He runs more quickly than me.

3 Sau V (tri giác): hear, see, smell, taste, feel V (tri giác) + adj The food tastes delicious.

4 Sau make look, seem, get, become, find, … + adj. She looks happier than yesterday.

5 Sau mạo từ (a/an/the) + N. The development of industry causes air pollution. 6

Sau tính từ sở hữu:

my/your/our/his/her/ their/its là danh từ

He failed the exam because of his laziness

7 Sau sở hữu cách là danh từ. Mai's house is very nice.

8 Sau đại từ chỉ định + N. this/that/these/those This machine has been out of order.

9 Sau some/any/many/much + N. There are many people waiting for the last bus.

10 Sau giới từ + N. My parents are celebrating 30 years, of marriage next week.

11 Trước danh từ là tính từ. Copperheads are poisonous snakes.

12 Trước tính từ là trạng từ. The matter is comparatively complicated and sensitive.

13 Đứng câu bằng dấu phẩy (,) là trạng từ.đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần trong Traditionally, the positions of the women were in the kitchen.

14 Sau danh từ là danh từ. This firm is known for its high quality products.

15 Sau bring/take/have/buy/sell + N. Money doesn't bring happiness to man.

16 Giữa hai động từ là trạng từ. He will certainly die if you don't call a doctor. 17

Khi có "and/or/but" thì hai vế cân nhau (cùng chức năng từ loại/ngữ pháp/ngữ nghĩa)

The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on nationality, race, religion, class or political opinions

B PRACTICE EXERCISES

Exercise 1.1: Give the correct forms of the words in the blankets.

Question 1: It is almost _for young people leaving school to get a job (POSSIBLE)

Question 2: It was _of you to make fun of him like that (KIND)

Question 3: Jean is the material which was _after sailors from Genoa in Italy (NAME)

Question 4: Elvis Presley was a _ pop singer (FAME)

Question 5: Have you seen the new _for Double Rich shampoo? (ADVERTISE)

Question 6: You are _to choose how to spend the evening (FREEDOM)

Question 7: This road is much _than I thought (LENGTH)

Question 8: Vietnamese people are very _(FRIEND)

Question 9: _are able to ask questions by using their remote control (VIEW)

Question 10: I want some more _about your school (INFORM)

Question 11: Don't eat those vegetables They’re _(POISON)

Question 12: Miss Moon is the most _girl in my school (BEAUTY)

Question 13: Fashion _want to change the traditional Ao Dai (DESIGN)

Question 14: He is a strict _(EXAMINE)

Question 15: This school has excellent _(REPUTE)

Question 16: We often take parting in many _activities at school (CULTURE)

Question 17: If you want to _your English, we can help you (IMPROVEMENT) Question 18: I want to _for selling my house (ADVERTISEMENT)

Question 19: He is an _of this newspaper (EDITION)

Question 20: Environmental _is everybody's responsibility (PROTECT)

Question 21: He is a famous stamp _(COLLECT)

Question 22: There was some new _in the laboratory.(EQUIP)

Question 23: They _me to join their family to Hue last year (INVITATION)

Question 24: Some young people today have a very strange _(APPEAR)

Question 25: Her clothes look very modem and _(FASHION)

Question 26: Many designers took _from Vietnam’s ethnic minorities (INSPIRE) Question 27: His attempt to break the world record was sadly _(SUCCESS)

Question 28: We bought this house at a _price (REASON)

Question 29: I caught the train at the _station (CENTRE)

Question 30: I met some _at the park last week (FOREIGN)

Question 31: She was really _by the beauty of the city (IMPRESS)

Question 32: These _will conserve the earth's resources (INNOVATE)

Question 33: Many _come to Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum every day (VISIT)

Question 34: We enjoyed the _atmosphere in Hanoi (PEACE)

Question 35: The _language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia (NATION)

Question 36: Taxi drivers have to have a very good _of the street names (KNOW) Question 37: It is said that _is love without wings (FRIEND)

Question 38: It is the pronunciation that causes me a lot of _(DIFFICULT)

Question 39: Not long ago, I was introduced to a famous _(ART)

Question 40: Nothing is more precious than _(DEPEND)

Question 41: She is the top _working in our space project (SCIENCE)

Question 42: It is time a _was made about the new school (DECIDE)

Question 43: Your rice field is more _than ours (PRODUCT)

Question 44: In order to _the road, they have to limit the pavement (WIDE)

Question 45: _is now a serious problem in many countries (FOREST)

Question 46: The _today has ever greater opportunities than ever (YOUNG)

Question 47: Please call if you require _(ASSIST)

Question 48: Gauzy is _of the fact that he is never late (PRIDE)

Question 49: The representatives joining the festival were of different _(NATIONAL)

Question 50: Nancy won the first prize in the drawing _(COMPETE)

Exercise 1.2: Give the correct forms of the words in the blankets.

Question 1: It was one of his most important _(ACHIEVE)

Question 2: The teacher had great _in his students (CONFIDENT)

Question 3: We have a good _with our neighbors (RELATIVE)

Question 4: Burning coal is an _way to heat the house Gas is much cheaper

(ECONOMY)

Question 5: Faraday spent his _in the countryside (CHILD)

Question 6: Many people think that Faraday is the greatest _in history (INVENT) Question 7: _is often more useful than definition for giving meanings of words

(ILLUSTRATE)

Question 8: He left for a _of reasons (VARY)

Question 9: The United Nations _is an international one (ORGANIZE)

Question 10: I’m worried about the _of the children (SAFE)

Question 11: People hate him because of his _(HONEST)

Question 12: The firm is working on a new product in _with several overseas

partners (COMBINE)

Question 13: The _of the country requires the ingenuity of many high-tech engineers

(MODERN)

Question 14: Everyone must obey the rules of _(SOCIAL)

Question 15: After the hot summer, there was a _of water (SHORT)

Question 16: Coke is a _of cola flavor, water carbon dioxide and sugar (MIX)

Question 17: _I agree with you (BASIC)

Question 18: The _of the world population is being studied (GROW)

Question 19: English has become the main language of _(COMMUNICATE)

Question 20: _speak louder than words (ACT)

Question 21: That I got zero mark is _(FORGET)

Question 22: He didn’t go to school because of his (SICK)

Question 23: They live in a _area in the north-east of the country (MOUNTAIN) Question 24: The police are looking for a dangerous _(CRIME)

Question 25: She receives a lot of _from her friends (COURAGE)

Question 26: There are _about wearing uniforms at school (AGURE)

Question 27: The _situation in that country is getting worse and worse (ECONOMY) Question 28: The Internet has _developed in every field (INCREASE)

Question 29: There are a lot of well _teachers in that school (QUALIFY)

Question 30: _ are concerned about the use of dynamite to catch fish

(ENVIRONMENT)

Question 31: Please stand at the _to the museum I’ll come in ten minutes (ENTER) Question 32: Some package trips to Thailand are _cheap (SURPRISE)

Question 33: Many Hong Kong people lead a busy _(LIVE)

Question 34: The _in this hotel is very slow (SERVE)

Question 35: She pays a _visit to her mother in the hospital (DAY)

Question 36: The success or _of the plan depends on you (FAIL)

Question 37: This temple was built by the local _over 100 years (INHABIT)

Question 38: Angkor Wat was _built to honor a Hindu God (ORIGIN)

Question 39: It is _to eat too much sugar and fat (HEALTH)

Question 40: If you give a reasonable _for your bad behavior last night, I will forgive

you (EXPLAIN)

Question 41: My brother often does experiments about electricity for _(PLEASE)

Question 42: These shoes are beautiful, but they are very _(COMFORT)

Question 43: Many rural areas in Viet Nam have been _in the last few years.(URBAN) Question 44: There wasn’t any _in our village many years ago (ELECTRIC)

Question 45: _, the stepmother was very cruel to her (FORTUNATE)

Question 46: A fairy appeared and _changed her old clothes (MAGIC)

Question 47: The tiger wanted to see the farmer’s _(WISE)

Question 48: It is easy to change people’s _? (BELIEVE)

Question 49: You don’t have to spend your time in a _place (CROWD)

Question 50: What is the _to that problem? (SOLVE)

Exercise 2.1: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences

Question 1: Every morning, my father usually drinks several cups of tea, has a _breakfast

and then leads the buffalo to the field

Question 2: Mr Lam is a cycle driver in Ho Chi Minh City, who usually has a _ working

day

Question 3: The man _about his son's travelling because there is so much traffic on the

narrow and crowded way to school

A worrisome B worrying C worriment D worries

Question 4: He wants to learn English because it is an _language.

A internationally B international C internationalize D internationalism

Question 5: English is an effective means to understand other cultures, religions and _in

the world because most books about these issues are in English

A civilizations B civilians C civilities D civilizers

Question 6: Filmmakers are maybe thinking about making money _of bad effects on

children

A disregard B regardful C regardless D disregarding

Question 7: At home, I don't have a cassette recorder to listen to my lessons; therefore I can't

practice and have a good _before classes

A preparative B preparedly C irreparable D preparation

Question 8: He usually avoids going to parties because he has _remembering people's

names

A troublesome B trouble C troubling _D, troubler

Question 9: I stopped worrying about what people think about me and I tried to pay _to

what people were saying

A attention B attentive C attentiveness D attentively

Question 10: I was woken up _by the sound of someone hammering on the front door.

A suddenness B sudden C suddentive D suddenly

Question 11: In 1891, Marie Curie came to Paris and studied at the Sorbonne, a world

_university in Paris at that time

Question 12: In spite of her difficult living conditions, she worked _hard to save money

for a study tour abroad

A extremeness B extremely C extremism D extremity

Question 13: As a _and mature student, Marie Curie earned a Physics degree with flying

colors

A brilliant B brilliantly C brilliantness D brilliance

Question 14: His financial problems escalated after he became _.

A employment B employer C unemployed D employee

Question 15: The government has announced an ambitious programme to _the railway

network

A modem B modernistic C modernity D modernize

Question 16: _is a person whose job is to connect people using a telephone system.

A Telephone B Telephonist C Telephonic D Telephony

Question 17: The well-known _, Joseph Rowntree, was concerned with the welfare of his

employees

A humanization B humanism C human D humanitarian

Question 18: I didn't really want to go to the party, but I thought I'd better put in an _.

A appearance B disappear C appear D disappearance

Question 19: Are the players _and physically prepared to play a tough game?

A mentalism B mentality C mentally D mental

Question 20: Those who disagreed with the director's viewpoint were _edged out of the

company

A gradually B gradualism C gradual D gradualness

Question 21: There was a lot of opposition from the parents of the _children because they

used to believe that their children could not learn anything at all

Question 22: We've spent a lot of money on _and we're beginning to see the results.

A advertising B advertisers C advertisement D advertise

Question 23: Although her idea, at first, met with _from the parents of the disabled

children, more children attended her class later

A opposite B oppositional C oppositeness D opposition

Question 24: The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination

based on _, race, religion, class or political opinions

A national B nationally C nationality D native

Question 25: The six-month-old _club, which comprises 19 deaf, mute or mentally

retarded children, is now having its first exhibition in Hanoi

A photographic B photograph C photographer D photographically

Question 26: Patricia has checked the reports and can vouch for the _of the information.

A accurateness B accurately C accuracy D accurate

Question 27: The legend of Santa Claus - who _leaves presents in stockings at Christmas

as children sleep - has its roots in a real man

Question 28: The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an _landing on Lake Geneva.

Question 29: I think some subjects aren't necessary for small school children at all, for

example _or industrial technology

A agriculture B agriculturalist C agricultural D agriculturally

Question 30: It's an extremely _cure for a headache.

A effect B effective C effectual D effector

Question 31: _in the experiment also keep track of what they eat and drink

over three days so their eating habits can be evaluated

A Participles B Participations C Participates D Participants

Question 32: Ambulances arrived at the scene of the accident and took the injured to _.

A hospitable B hospitality C hospitalization D hospital

Question 33: Computer is an _storage device which manages large collections of data.

A electronic B electron C electronically D electronical

Question 34: Computer is a personal _which helps you to interact with other computers

and with people around the world

A communication B communicator C communicant D communicability

Question 35: You would be well-advised to have the _vaccinations before you go abroad.

A appropriately B appropriative C appropriate D appropriation

Question 36: In our _of how much your initial investment might be worth at term, we are

assuming an 8% rate of return

A illustratable B illustration C illustrative D illustrator

Question 37: The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many

_volunteers

A support B supporter C supportive D supportively

Question 38: Laura is anxious about her parents' _because they may not let her stay the

night away from home

A permissible B permission C permissively D permissiveness

Question 39: There's an element of _in his behavior that makes me distrust him.

A calculable B calculator C calculation D calculative

Question 40: The students are visiting some caves because they want to understand

their _lesson better and some of them have never been inside a cave

A geography B geographical C geographer D geographically

Question 41: I think seat 4 or 5 is the most _for me because I’ve never been a boat before.

A suitability B suitably C suitableness D suitable

Question 42: The Botanical Garden was a very _place where we made a short tour round

the garden and took some pictures of the whole class

A beautify B beautifully C beautiful D beautification

Question 43: The children slept soundly because it was so _and quiet in the garden.

A peaceable B peacefulness C peaceably D peaceful

Question 44: My teacher has had _of asking you to show the students the process of

fixing computers

A intention B intentional C intently D intentness

Question 45: That was an _performance from such a young tennis player.

A impression B impressive C impressing D impressionist

Question 46: Stars of the _world turned out to celebrate his 40th year in show business

A entertain B entertainer C entertainment D entertainingly

Question 47: She was prepared to take on the job, with all its _risks.

A associated B association C associative D associating

Question 48: An old farmer said that their lives had changed a lot thanks to the _our

children brought home

A knowledge B knowledgeability C knowledgeable D knowledgeableness

Question 49: When he saw the crash, the young boy acted very _and called the police.

A responsibility B responsible C responsiveness D responsibly

Question 50: Farmers hoped that with an education of science and _, their children could

find a way of bettering their lives

A technological B technologist C technology D technologically

Question 51: He said their lives had changed a lot thanks to the knowledge their children

brought home from high _schools or colleges

A technical B technicality C technically D technician

Question 52: In my hometown, there have been a lot of changes and _in recent years.

A improved B improvements C improvers D improves

Question 53: A _change in my hometown is the big park in the centre where people can

go for fresh air or pleasure after a day’s hard work

A remarking B remarkably C remark D remarkable

Question 54: The burglars attacked the boys _with pieces of wood.

A violently B violet _ C violent D violence

Question 55: If we get to like watching TV too much, our lives are _dominated, and even

we don't have time for friends and relatives or do necessary other things

A uncertainly B certain C certainly D certainty

Question 56: The cost of the project has increased _since it began.

A dramatic B dramatize C dramatist D dramatically

Question 57: For centuries, people have been challenged by the mysteries that lie beneath the

ocean, however, today's _has overcome many of the challenges of the depth by using modem devices

A scientism B scientist C scientific D scientifically

Question 58: Guide dogs open up the lives of the blind or _impaired.

A visually B visualize C visualization D visualizing

Question 59: Marine plants and animals fall into three major groups, some of which live on

or _on the bottom like the starfish

A dependent B independence C dependability D depend

Question 60: The government set up a commission to _the problem of inner city violence.

A investigator B investigate C investigation D investigative

Question 61: From the satellite photos, we can know a wide range of information, including

water _, depth and the undersea population

A temperance B temperately C temperature D temperateness

Question 62: Plants and animals of the sea, however small or oversized, all contribute to

its _

A biodiversity B biochemically C bioactive D biogenetic

Question 63: All governments should have laws that _the hunt for these endangered sea

animals for any purpose

A prohibitively B prohibition C prohibit D prohibitionist

Exercise 2.2: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences

Question 1: These scientists have collected different samples to _for their experiment.

Question 2: If no effective measures were taken to _whale, these wonderful animals

would disappear forever

A protection B protectively C protector D protect

Question 3: Whales are in danger because of the increase in _of other sea animals.

A popularity B population C populate D popularize

Question 4: We should stop and prevent doing what can do serious damage to our _by

conserving rare plants and animals and by stopping the pollution

A environment B environmental C environmentalist D environs

Question 5: The survey found that many graduates had difficulty working _.

A depend B independence C dependability D independently

Question 6: When planning meals, you need to think about _and taste as well as

nutritional value

A variable B variety C variedly D variability

Question 7: _dams hold back needed water and provide power for homes and industries.

A Hydroelectric B Hydroelectricity C Hydroelectrically D Hydro

Question 8: A forest fire can be made mostly by a _cigarette butt or a campfire.

A careful B carelessness _C, carefully D careless

Question 9: When going Cue Phuong National Park, _can study butterflies, visit caves,

hike mountains and look at the 1,000-year-old tree

Question 10: The accident seemed to have _destroyed his confidence.

A complete B completely C completer D completeness

Question 11: Journalists may enter the danger zone but _we cannot guarantee their safety.

A fortunately B unfortunateness C unfortunately D fortunate

Question 12: His parents won't let him play ice hockey because they think it's too _.

A dangerous B endangered C danger D endangering

Question 13: He didn't want to be involved in the _for the conference, although he was

willing to attend and speak

A organizing B organizer C organization D organize

Question 14: We _the possibility that it could have been an accident.

A elimination B eliminatory C eliminative D eliminated

Question 15: _includes a concern for the quality of the environment, so that people can

enjoy living in it

A Conservation B conservator C conservable D conservatively

Question 16: Several passages from the book were printed in a _newspaper before it was

published

A nationally B nationalization C national D nationality

Question 17: He said that the songs were " _inappropriate" for schoolchildren.

A lyricism B lyrically C lyricist D lyrical

Question 18: Music is very much an integral part of our life which is played during almost all

important events and on _occasions and sets the tone for them

A specialization B specialize C specialist D special

Question 19: The band seemed to lack the _and spontaneity of their early years.

Question 20: To become a novelist, you need to be _.

A imaginary B imagination C imaginative D imaginable

Question 21: The charity will go under unless a _donor can be found within the next few

months

A generous B generator C generously D generosity