Survey of x ray dose irradiation levels to increase moss growth for environmental monitoring

Tuyển tập báo cáo Hội nghị Khoa học và Công nghệ hạt nhân toàn quốc lần thứ 14 Proceedings of Vietnam conference on nuclear science and technology VINANST 14 375 KHẢO SÁT LIỀU CHIẾU TIA X ĐỂ KÍCH THÍC[.]

Tuyển tập báo cáo Hội nghị Khoa học và Công nghệ hạt nhân toàn quốc lần thứ 14

Proceedings of Vietnam conference on nuclear science and technology VINANST-14

KHẢO SÁT LIỀU CHIẾU TIA X ĐỂ KÍCH THÍCH PHÁT TRIỂN TÚI RÊU TRONG ỨNG

DỤNG QUAN TRẮC MÔI TRƯỜNG

SURVEY OF X-RAY DOSE IRRADIATION LEVELS TO INCREASE MOSS GROWTH FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

LE HONG KHIEM 1 , NGUYEN THI MINH SANG 2,* , NGUYEN AN SON 2

1 Institute of Physics of Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology,

10 Dao Tan Street, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam 2

Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong Street, Dalat, Lam Dong, Vietnam

Corresponding author: Email: sangntm@dlu.edu.vn

Tóm tắt: Kỹ thuật túi rêu đã được ứng dụng rộng rãi trên thế giới trong quan trắc môi trường ở những thành thị, khu công

nghiệp mà rêu tự nhiên không phát triển được Tuy nhiên, rêu trong túi rêu phát triển chậm và có thể chết làm cho hiệu suất hấp thu các nguyên tố hóa học trong không khí trở nên kém hiệu quả, dẫn đến việc đánh giá chỉ số ô nhiễm không khí ở vùng khảo sát bị hạn chế, thiếu chính xác

Để khắc phục trình trạng trên, trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi kích thích quá trình phát triển rêu trong túi rêu bằng chiếu

xạ liều thấp Sử dụng tia X năng lượng thấp (60 keV) để khảo sát quá trình phát triển của rêu trên dải liều từ 10 Gy÷220

Gy, bước thay đổi 10 Gy Kết quả cho thấy, ở vùng liều chiếu 180 Gy÷220 Gy rêu kém phát triển hơn so với trường hợp không chiếu xạ, còn vùng liều chiếu xạ từ 10 Gy ÷170 Gy rêu trong túi rêu phát triển tốt hơn so với rêu không chiếu xạ Trên dải liều chiếu xạ 10 Gy ÷170 Gy thì liều chiếu ở 140 Gy và 150 Gy là rêu phát triển mạnh nhất

Từ khóa: Chiếu xạ; liều chiếu; túi rêu; tia X

Abstract: The moss bag technique has been widely applied for environmental monitoring in urban areas and industrial

zones where moss is lacking or cannot grow However, the moss in the moss bag often grows weakly or cannot survive, making the absorption of chemical elements from the air inefficient and leading to limited and inaccurate assessments of the air pollution index in the survey area To overcome the above limitations, we stimulated the growth of moss in moss bags with low doses of irradiation Using low-energy X-rays (60 keV), we investigated the growth of moss for doses ranging from 10 Gy to 220 Gy at increments of 10 Gy The results showed that for irradiation doses of 180 Gy to 220 Gy, the moss was less developed than in the case of non-irradiation, while in the irradiated area from 10 Gy to 170 Gy the moss developed better than non-irradiated moss In the irradiation range of 10 Gy to 170 Gy, the optimal doses for the strongest moss growth were 140 Gy and 150 Gy

Keywords: Environmental monitoring, dose irradiation; irradiation; moss bag; X-ray

1 INTRODUCTION

The “moss bag technique” is the most common type of active biomonitoring with terrestrial mosses that is reported in the literature The technique, which was originally introduced by Goodman and Roberts (1971) Since then, it has been a useful technique in biological monitoring of algae activity for contaminants, such as heavy metals and nonmetals The moss bag technique is useful for doing a detailed survey of polluted urban areas, where moss cannot grow naturally (Kosior, G., et al., 2015) However, the efficiency of absorbing elements in the air of moss bags is not high

This research aimed to examine the response of different X-ray doses to develop moss before using it for biomonitoring purposes The advantage of this method is stimulated moss growth and increase effective absorption elements in the air and show the concentration of elements in the atmosphere more accurately

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Moss samples

The studies show that the selection of moss spices in the algae bag technique depends on the degree

of deformation of the type of algae in the study area, and the ability of the algae to absorb and adapt to pollution in that area (Chakraborthy S and Paratkar, G T 2006) The composition of the chemical elements

in old shoots and young buds of moss is different (Fernández, J.A., et al., 2010), and the absorption of the moss bags is also different from that of fresh ones (Adamo, P., et al 2011)

Tiểu ban D2: Ứng dụng kỹ thuật hạt nhân trong công nghiệp và các lĩnh vực khác

Section D2: Application of nuclear techniques in industries and others

Preparation of the moss before transplantation always includes a selection of the species as well as diverse pre-exposure treatments In this research, Barbular Idica moss was used which was taken from Lac Duong town (Lam Dong Province?) to irradiate

2.2 X-ray irradiation

Using a therapeutic X-ray devices “X-ray irradiation system model MBR-1618R-BE” (Figure 1) (Hitachi Power Solutions Co Operation, manual X-ray Irradiation System MBR-1618R-BE, Hitachi Inspire the Next, 2018) were irradiated with different X-ray doses (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 90, 100,

110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, and 200 Gy dose rates of 0.52 Gy/min) The moss samples after pretreatment were irradiated 250 mm from the X-ray source, with a current of 18 mA and a voltage

140 kV, under natural conditions of temperature (27°C) and humidity (80%) To guarantee appropriate moisture, the bags were watered as required There are 3 replicates for each treatment The moss bags were observed day by day of exposure to evaluate the morphological characteristics, physiological, and biochemical criteria

2.3 Result

Mosses were subjected to various X-ray doses (0–200 Gy)

Unirradiated moss after exposure has a weaker growth ability than irradiated moss at appropriate doses The figures below show the moss morphology before irradiation (Figure 1), and irradiation at different doses, moss irradiated at dose (180-220 Gy) (Figure 2), moss irradiated at dose 10-170 Gy (Figure 3), irradiated moss at dose 140-150 Gy (Figure 4)

Tuyển tập báo cáo Hội nghị Khoa học và Công nghệ hạt nhân toàn quốc lần thứ 14

Proceedings of Vietnam conference on nuclear science and technology VINANST-14

3 DISCUSSION

In further studies, well-developed bags of irradiated moss were used to expose at monitoring positions with bags of unirradiated moss to evaluate more specifically the effectiveness of using irradiated moss bags for purposes of environmental monitoring

CONCLUSION

At the same position survey, unirradiated bags of moss and irradiated at different doses were hung to assess growth The above results, show that the optimal dose of about 140-150 Gy can stimulate the growth

of moss, thereby improving the efficiency of absorbing elements in the air when using moss bags to assess pollution

REFERENCES

[1] Adamo, P., Giordano, S., Sforza, A., Bargagli, R., 2011 Implementation of airborne trace element monitoring with

devitalised transplants of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.: assessment of temporal trends and element contribution by vehicular traffic in Naples city Environ Pollut 159, 1620–1628

[2] Chakraborthy S and Paratkar, G T (2006) Biomonitoring of Trace Element Air Pollution Using Mosses Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol 6, No.3, pp 247-258

[3] Fernández, J.A., Aboal, J.R., Carballeira, A., 2010 Testing differences in methods of preparing moss samples Effect of

washing on Pseudoscleropodium purum Environ Monit Assess 163, 669–684

[4] Goodman GT, Roberts TM Plants and soils as indicators of metals in the air Nature (Lond.) 1971;231:287

[5] Hitachi Power Solutions Co Operation, manual X-ray Irradiation System MBR-1618R-BE, Hitachi Inspire the Next,

2018

[6] Kosior, G., Ciężka, M., Górka, M., Samecka-Cymerman, A., Kolon, K., Kempers, A.J., Jędrysek, M.-O., (2015) δ34S

values and S concentrations in native and transplanted Pleurozium schreberi in a heavily industrialized area Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 118, 112–117.