De bai thd trcf nen linh thieng, cd sifc manh thu phuc nhan tam, A- ^ A^ AA khich le sftc manh tinh than va the chat ciia quan si trftdc mdt ke thu hung manh nhftng phi nghia va khie'n
Trang 144 Nghien cu'u Ton giao Sd9 - 2010
i:i^
t'l'.-.t
5 V ' l J
ii-Jt'f-(iji"f
CHAT THAN BI TRONG VAN HOC THC)I LY
1 Van h p c t h d i Ly la sft mcf d a u cho
n h i e u t r u y e n thd'ng td't dep vdi n h i i n g
b a n sac va d a c trifng r i e n g biet ciia v a n
A A A ' ' A ' A AA 9 «
hpc d a n tpc Diem n o i b a t n h a t cua v a n
hpc g i a i d o a n n a y la y thftc tii h a o ve sdn
^ A 9
h a x a tac, la y chi q u a t eftdng, k h a n g
d i n h chu quyen d a n tdc d a g i a n h diidc, la
t i n h t h a n quye't t a m x a y diing d a t nftdc
t r d t h a n h m d t qud'c g i a h u n g m a n h Tat
ca dftdc l o n g t r o n g a m hftdng d a m s a c
t h a i cua "tam g i a o d o n g n g u y e n " vdi
nhiing trie't 11 cao sieu ve vu t r u va con
ngftdi, t r o n g dd n h i i n g tii tifdng P h a t
giao v a n cd p h a n ndi trdi v a chie'm m d t
vi tri q u a n t r p n g Mdt t r o n g n h i i n g dac
sac cua v a n h p c g i a i d o a n n a y cdn It
dftdc cac n h a n g h i e n cftu n d i de'n, c h i n h
la chat t h a n bl, sieu n h i e n , t u y cdn g i a n
di, thd p h a c nhif m d t sft k h d i d a u nhifng
k h d n g k e m p h a n s a u sac, cd a n h hftdng
quan t r p n g de'n sii p h a t t r i e n ciia v a n hpc
d a n tdc t r o n g cac g i a i d o a n tie'p theo
Mau sac t h a n bi l a m d t t r o n g n h i i n g
dac diem dpc d a o cua v a n hda, v a n hpc
Ddng A ndi c h u n g v a v a n hpc Viet N a m
t r u n g d a i n d i r i e n g Cai ki vd'n la m d t
p h a m t r u m i h p c cua v a n h d a D d n g A
t r u n g dai, la d a c t h u tif d u y cua m d t g i a i
doan lich su' N h i i n g t a c p h a m v a n xudi
ndi tie'ng n h a t c u a v u n g v a n hpc n a y deu
chfta dftng t r o n g nd n h i i n g ye'u td' "ki la"
Cai t h a n bi d a y r a y t r o n g cac h u y e n
thoai t d n giao, t r o n g v a n xudi lich su' v a
l a m d t d a c d i e m ciia tif d u y d a n g i a n
difdc p h a n a n h r d net t r o n g t h a n thoai,
t r u y e n thuye't, t r u y e n co tich, d a c biet
t r o n g cac t r u y e n thuye't, h u y e n t h o a i d a n
9
g i a n d a dftdc P h a t g i a o hda O dd cai ki
k h d n g d d n g i a n chi la m d t ye'u td' n g h e
t h u a t m a c d n la the' g i d i q u a n cua ca mdt
g i a i d o a n lich su^ d a i lau Dd la m d t each
n h i n n h a n v a c a m t h u the' gidi Do cd cudc sd'ng g a n g u i vdi t h i e n n h i e n va do chfta g i a i t h i c h dftcfc n h i e u h i e n tftdng tft
n h i e n v a x a hpi, dd'i vdi con ngftdi thdi
CO t r u n g dai, b e n c a n h cupe s o n g hien thiic h p c d n cd m d t ddi sd'ng t a m linh
p h o n g p h u vdi cac vi t h a n , vdi nhiing dieu k i la s i e u n h i e n v a m d t q u a n niem
s a u x a ve t h e ' g i d i b e n kia Quan niem
n a y xua't p h a t tft cai n h i n p h i n h i n g u y e n
l u a n trftdc v u t r u cua con ngftdi Ddng A thdi t r u n g d a i O dd k h d n g cd sft p h a n chia r a c h r d i gifta t r a n g i a n va the' gidi sieu n h i e n , t h a m cbl gifta c h u n g cdn cd sft t a c d p n g l a n n h a u m d t each n h a n qua
Vi vay, viec p h a n a n h m a t t h a n bl, sieu
n h i e n dd c h a n g p h a i la cai gi x a la, p h i thftc te' nhif m d t thdi c h u n g t a q u a n niem
Dd c h i n h la m d t p h a n q u a n t r p n g cua
h i e n thiic, nd se g i u p c h u n g t a h i e u rd
h d n cudc sd'ng v a chieu s a u t a m h d n ciia con ngftdi t h d i t r u n g dai
2 Chat t h a n bl la m d t t r o n g n h i i n g dac diem k h a rd net cua v a n hpc t h d i Ly,
t h d i k i m a md'i q u a n h e gifta v a n hpc vie't
PCS TS Trirdng Dai hgc Sir pham Hit Ndi
Trang 2ViJ Thanh Chcd thdn bi trong vdn h()c thdi Ly 45
va v a n hpc d a n g i a n , gifta van hpc the
tuc va v a n hpc t d n g i a o cdn r a t m a t thie't
Chat t h a n bl t r o n g v a n hpc giai d o a n n a y
cdn m a n g d a m m a u sac sieu nhien, thd
phac va g a n lien m a t thie't vdi v a n hda,
van hpc d a n g i a n O g i a i d o a n d a u cua
van hpc d a n tdc da xua't h i e n mdt h i e n
tftdng t h d k h a la Dd la n h i i n g bai t h d
"than", t h d "sam" m a n g n h i i n g ldi le k h d
A*' ' A- A ^
hieu, du'dc g a n lien vdi nhifng t r u y e n
thuye't, n h i i n g h u y e n t h o a i ciing k h a bl
hiem Viec x u a t h i e n n h i i n g bai sam
^v 7 9
truyen, d u n g ldi ndi k i n (an ngft) de dft
doan h u n g cat cd le da xua't h i e n tft trifdc
ddi Ly nhifng p h a i de'n t h d i diem n a y
mdi thiic sii n d rd Ndi b a t h d n ca t r o n g
thd sam ddi Ly la n h i i n g chum t h d bl
^9 A A A A- A
hiem x u a t h i e n r a m rp t r o n g g i a i d o a n
chuan bi cho viec Ly Cong Uan len n g o i
t h a y n h a Tien Le Dieu ddc dao la chi cd
^9 9 A A A^ A A
the ll g i a i mpt cach t h a u dao y n g h i a
tien t r i m a n g t i n h chat t h a n l i n h cua
nhiing bai t h d n a y k h i dat nd t r o n g bd'i
canh cua n h i i n g h u y e n t h o a i x u n g
quanh, gifta c h u n g cd sft li giai, bd s u n g
mat thie't cho n h a u
Vao n h i i n g n a m cud'i the' ki X, sft t a n
bao de'n n g u mudi ciia Le Ngpa Trieu da
lam d a n chiing p h a n uat va d i n h t h a n
chan nan Hp hifdng ve mdt ngftdi cd tai
n a n g dftc dp luc dd la Ly Cdng Uan H a n g
loat tac p h a m n h a n d a n h liic lifdng sieu
nhien da r a ddi de v a n d d n g cho cdng
cudc t h a y ddi dd Mdt bai t h d theo ldi
chie't tii da xua't hien t r e n mdt cay g a o bi
set d a n h d c h a u Cd P h a p (que hiidng Ly
Cdng Uan) t r o n g mpt cdn g i d n g bao chi
rd viec n h a Ly len t h a y n h a Le:
Thu can dieu dieu,
Mdc bieu thanh thanh
Hda dao mdc lac, Thap bat ta thanh
Chain cung hien nhat, Doai cung an tinh
Luc that nien gian, Thien ha thai binh
N g h i a la:
A ' A ''
Goc cay t h a m t h a m ,
N g p n cay x a n h x a n h Cay h d a dao r u n g , Mftdi t a m h a t t h a n h Ddng, m a t t r d i mpc, Tay, sao n a u h i n h
K h o a n g s a u b a y n a m , Thien h a t h a i binb'^l
.i''H HHOi
Sft Van Hanh, '"ngiidi t h a u sud't ca ba cdi: trdi, dat, ngftdi" da giai thich t i n h bi
hiem, tien tri ciia bai sam t r e n ma Dai Viet
9 A A ^ ^
Sit ky toan thit da, g h i lai Co the hieu nhft
sau: Vua che't non, bay tdi t h i n h "vrfdng,
n h a Le mat, n h a Ly se len thay, bac thien tu' xua't hien d phftdng Ddng, ke thft d a n mat hut d phifdng Tay T r o n g k h o a n g bay
n a m nfta thi thien h a thai binh
D u n g phifdng p h a p chie't tii thi cau thft ba vie't t h a n h chft Le, cau thft tif vie't
t h a n h chft Ly, y n d i n h a Le mat, n h a Ly len thay Giai d o a n n a y cdn xua't h i e n
n h i e u bai t h d "than" p h u c vu cho muc
dich t r e n nhif bai Dai sdn (Nui Idn) t i n h chat t h a n bl k h a rd net, bai Dai dac (Dftc
Idn) xua't h i e n k h i sft Da Bao chua Kie'n
Sd n g h e t h a n dpc t h d de k h e n dftc Idn ciia
Ly Cdng Uan t r o n g thdi diem vi h o a n g
d e ' t i f d n g l a i de'n t h a m c h u a ; h o a c k h i
I Tho vdn Ly-Trdn, tap 1, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hdi, H,,
1 9 7 7 ! : , M , ; ; y ' > : , , ; , • , : ; • , , ; w : ' •
Trang 346 Nghien ciru Ton giao Sd9 - 2010
trong dem tinh mich sft Van Hanh nghe
thay tie'ng ngam thd vpng tdi tft md Hien
A 9 A A A'' V
Khanh vftdng (cha cua Ly Cdng Uan) va
dng da sai ngftdi ghi lai dftdc bd'n bai
Trong bai Dai sdn, muc dich cua tac gia
bai thd da kha Id lieu va tinh chat than
bl ciing dam net hdn:
Dai sdn long dau khdi
Cd VI an chu minh
Thap bat tadinh thanh
Mien thu hien long hinh
Thd'ke tha nguyet ndi
Dinh kie'n nhat xua't thanh
Nghia la:
Nui Idn ndi dau rdng
Dudi rdng giau dai cdng
Nha Ly lap nen nghiep ,
Cay gao hien hinh long
Trong thang thd, ga, chudt
Mat trdi moc sang trong , ,
(Ngd The'Long dich) i a ,1 • >f ': )•>
Sud't trong mdt thdi gian dai, nhftng
dieu linh di nhif vay cft lien tie'p xua't
hien Mdt mat nd keu gpi, thuc day
nhiing ngftdi van an phan thu thftdng
phai suy nghi, mat khac, nd gieo hi vpng,
cd vu nhiing ai mudn hanh dpng Co the
doan chac rang, nhiing bai thd "than"
kieu nay da tao dftdc trong dan chung
dftdng thdi khdng khi nao nftc ddn chd vi
"Thanh quan" xua't hien Ngay nay,
9 ^ A" A A A
-chang con ai nghi ngd nguon goc tran
the'cua nhiing tac pham ay Va dau rang
chfta the chi rd tac gia ciia chiing, nhifng
cung cd the dft doan mdt each kha chac
chan rang hp thudc nhdm Van Hanh, Dao
Cam Mdc, nhiing ngftdi cd nhan quan
chinh tri cdi md, thftc thdi: bie't dat ldi Ich cua dat nftdc, dan tdc len tren bet, dam vi cudc sd'ng yen lanh eua tram hp
ma bd qua le "trung quan"', van de quan trpng bac nha't cua Nho giao Nhft vay la sft ra ddi cua cac bai thd "than"" ki bl dftdc gan vdi nhiing truyen thuye't than
bl lai xua't phat tft nhiing yeu cau chinh tri cap bach cua dat nftdc Hau nhft nhftng van de Idn, nhiing sft kien chinh tri quan trpng dftdng thdi ngay nay deu
9 A A A ^
cd the nhan thay dau vet qua nhifng mau
A- ^
huyen thoai va nhiing bai thd "than" kieu nay Sif sach cung ghi lai rang, Le Hoan trifdc hpa xam Iftdc cua quan Tdng da nhd Khudng Viet dai sft di cau nguyen tai nui Ve Linh, cau cho quan ta chie'n thang trifdc ke thu hung bao Trong khi tie'n hanh cudc chie'n tren vung sdng Nhft Nguyet, dng cung md tha'y Trifdng Hd'ng, Trftdng Hat de'n xin giup sftc va dpc thd lam ke thu tan ra
Rat nhieu kha nang Nam qud'c sdn ha
cung da ra ddi tft mdt "phftdng thftc"
sang tac nhft vay De bai thd trcf nen linh thieng, cd sifc manh thu phuc nhan tam,
A- ^ A^ AA
khich le sftc manh tinh than va the chat ciia quan si trftdc mdt ke thu hung manh nhftng phi nghia va khie'n giac Td'ng phai kinh sd ma tan vd thi ngftdi sang tac, chac chan la mdt nhan vat quan trpng, tai nang difdng thdi budc phai giau kin ten tuoi minh va gan nhftng ldi thd mang hao khi va sftc manh chinh nghia cua dan tdc do minh sang tac cho than linh, vi than ban dia ndi se dien ra cudc chie'n dau mdt mat, mdt cdn vdi ke thu xam Iftpfc Bai thd trd thanh "tie'ng ndi" cua "than"", cua hdn thieng sdng nui,
la y cbl cua ca mot dan tdc dang quye't hi sinh tat ca de bao ve ddc lap va chii
Trang 4Vu Thanh Chdt thdn bi trong vein hgc thi/i Ly 47
quyen Va than Trifdng Hd'ng, Trifdng
Hat vdi sft linh thieng nhan ddi, hai vi
than noi danh vdi nhiing chien cdng
chd'ng giac ngoai xam va san sang che't
de chiing td ldng trung nghia, mdt dftc
tinh vd'n du'dc ca than linh va con ngifdi
de cao da difdc chpn de thftc hien sft
menh thieng lieng ma thdi dai giao phd
Vi vay, khi nghien cifu, tim hieu Nam
qud'c sdn ha phai ludn dat bai thd trong
truyen thuye't, phai gan vdi mdtip "am
phu dftcfng trd" linh thieng cua van hda
truyen thd'ng Nam qud'c sdn ha ciing da
dat tdi ve dep nghe thuat va huyen thoai
ve sft ra ddi cua nd cung tim dftdc mdt
khung canh II tifdng: Trdi dem tinh mich,
A A A A "^ 9
song nu'dc menh mong, sft cang thang cua
chie'n trifdng va huyen hi ciia ngdi den
Tat ca nhiing ye'u td' dd tao nen khdng khi
thieng lieng khi bai thd dftcfc ngam vang,
tuyen bd' chii quyen ddc lap va canh cao
ke thu xam Iftdc Cac chie'n binh Dai Viet
trong khung canh dd da tie'p nhan bai thd
vfta vdi khi the' va vi the' chu nhan ciia
mpt dat nu'dc cd chii quyen ddc lap, vfta
vdi niem tin cd mau sac tdn giao ben canh
sft rung cam nghe thuat sau sac
Nha nghien cifu Le Manh That trong
Lich sd Phat giao Vict Nam^^^ da cho
rang bai thd nhieu kha nang la do thien
sft Phap Thuan vie't, nhifng dng cung
khdng difa ra dftdc chifng cft nao that sii
thuye't phuc Tuy nhien, cd mdt dieu de
dang nhan tha'y la cac bai thd "than" gan
lien vdi cac truyen thuye't, huyen thoai
giau mau sac tdn giao, tin ngifdng nay
lai deu lien quan de'n cac vi thien sif ndi
tie'ng difdng thdi nhif Van Hanh, Phap
Thuan Hp deu la nhiing nhan vat chinh
ciia thdi dai va phan nao cd the ngd rang
chlnb hp la tac gia ciia khdng It bai thd
"than", hoac It ra thi hp cung la nhiing ngifdi da gdp phan quan trpng trong viec truyen ba nhiing bai thd than bl nay Phai chang da cd the ndi tdi tinh than
bl, huyen thoai trong thd ca thdi Ly Mdi bai thd ra ddi, tinh than bl, huyen thoai
se gdp phan lam nen ndi dung t h i n bl
9 A A^
cua tac pham, hoac se tao nen nhftng huyen thoai xung quanh tac pham Khi nghien cftu, tim hieu cac bai thd Thien giai doan nay, chung ta cung can phai gan chung vdi cac tieu truyen cua cac thien sft Dd la nhiing tieu truyen chifa dftng trong nd nhiing huyen thoai, truyen thuye't ve tac gia cua cac bai
thd-ke dd va cho ta bie't bdi canh ra ddi cua tiing bai thd
3 Trong the loai van bia thdi Ly, chat than bl, huyen thoai cung rat ndi bat Trong dd phai ke de'n hai tac pham noi
tie'ng nha't giai doan nay: Van bia thap Siing Thien Dien Linh ciia vua thit tit chu nitdc Dai Viet (gpi tat la Van bia Sung Thien Dien Linh) va Bai minh bia chua Linh XOng niii Ngitdng- Sdn (gpi tat la Van bia Linh Xiing) Day la hai tac pham
gan lien vdi sft hifng thinh ciia dao Phat, cung la hai bai van bia dat de'n mdt trinh
dp nghe thuat dac sac khien cho nhieu the ki sau cung hiem cd tac pham cung
the loai co the vftdt qua difdc
Van bia Sung Thien Dien Linh la mdt
trong vai tac pham dac sac tieu bieu nhat cua van bia ddi Ly, do vua thif tft nha Ly
la Ly Nhan Tdng (1066-1128, lam vua tft 1072) sai be tdi la Nguyen Cdng Bat, gift chftc Trieu liet, Hinh bd Thftdng thif, Binh bd Vien ngoai lang Ddng tri phien
2 Le Manh That Lich sir Phdt gido Viet Nam tap 2
Nxb Tp Hd Chi Minh, 2001', ti 47.3 -483
Trang 548 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd9-_2010
cdng vien chinh sft vang sac chi soan
Bai van bia ra ddi trong bd'i canh mdt xa
hdi thinh tri, Phat giao ddng vai trd
qud'c giao Chinh vi vay md dau tac pham
la viec trinh bay nhftng trie't 11 cao sieu
cua dao Phat, ca tung sft nhiem mau ciia
dao Tft nhiing trie't 11 cao sieu ve vu tru,
ve con ngifdi va nhiing van de lich su"
Phat giao mang tinh khai quat nhif vay,
A A AA A- A''
bai van bia di den nhifng van de cu the
cua dat nifdc, ciia trieu dai Ly Nhan
Tdng, ca tung nha vua vdi tat ca nhiing
mi hieu cao sieu nhat Lai lich Ly Nhan
Tdng tft luc ba me mang thai cho de'n khi
"nhe got len tien"" da du'dc huyen thoai
hda, dftdc the hien bang mdt ldi vie't dam
chat t h i n hi Thdng thftdng, mdi dng vua
tft khi sap su'a len ngdi da bat dau phai
chuan bi cho minh nhiing cau chuyen ndi
len tftdng mao, tai dftc "la thifdng" va dia
vi thien tu' hdp vdi menh trifdng cua
minh trong tiidng lai, rdi sau khi nam
dftdc ngdi bau trong tay van rat cin
nhiing huyen thoai td rd sii trftdng tdn,
uy quyen che'ngft mudn vat cua minh Sii
ra ddi cua Ly Nhan Tdng da difdc thieng
hda Tat ca nhiing tft ngft tftdng trifng mi
hda ve sii khac thifdng cua mdt "con
trdi ", mpt bac thanh ben canh Phat td' deu
difdc dfta ra de khac hpa hinh tifdng ciia
nha vua: "Ngu'di rdng mat phftdng, trong
ngpc trang bang Mat trong ma xanh
trang rd rang, khac mat hai ngifdi de'
Thuan; tai dep ma vanh dai rdng, che tai
ba Id Ha Vifdng Net mat ngpc dn hda,
v i n g tran cao sang sua Thftc la sft anh
minh cua nghin ddi, vftdt ban ve ki tu
cua tram chua" Tai nghe va hanh ddng
ciia nha vua deu gid'ng nhft t h i n linh:
"dn khap cd cay mudng thu; tri nhanh
gid tap mfta sa Sach kinh ndi dien, tinh
thdng de'n chd ye'u huyen, phap thuat ngoai quyen than tdm dftdc toan y chi
Due ldi dep nhif da vang, sang Ida tinh
^9 ,
dau, dat ten hay cho dien thap, chieu dpi xfta nay Sanh phep vie't de thdng thin, van but vua de'n tuyet dieu Tft thd tdm mudn hoa cua thd trdi, nhac phd hda thanh am ciia dao Phat Phep vie't chft thi cung ciiu de'n huyen cd, tai ban cung tinh thdng de'n dieu tbuaf.v.v
Trong bai van bia sft that va hif can, sii that va huyen thoai khdng phan biet
ma hda quyen vao nhau, va sft bat phan
dd difdc chap nhan nhif mdt dieu di nhien trong tft duy cua ngftdi dftdng thdi Nghe thuat the' tuc va nghe thuat tdn giao chfta tach bach rd ret Sft hda quyen gifta t h i n bl va hien thftc, gifta tdn giao va the'tue vdn la dac trifng cua
2t A A A :?
van hpc ddi Ly O do cac tac pham van hpc chfta diing trong chung nhiing ye'u td' t h i n bl va du'dc bao bpc trong mpt
khdng gian huyen thoai Trong Van bia Siing Thien Dien Linh cai t h i n ki khdng
chi la "man sifdng" bao phii xung quanh
ma da that sii trd thanh mdt but phap nghe thuat - mdt ldi tft duy, mdt each vie't, mdt kieu cam nhan thftc tai Muc dich ngdi ca khie'n nhan vat trd nen linh thieng, khac thifdng va cd sftc thuye't phuc mpi ngftdi da ddi hdi tac gia bai van bia phai van dung tdi mftc cao nhat cac th"u phap nghe thuat nhif tftdng trftng, ftdc le,v.v ma giai doan dd cd the dat tdi dftdc Dieu dd da tao dieu kien cho sft sang tao nghe thuat va dem tdi gia tri van hpc cho mdt tac pham thudc the loai van hpc chftc nang
Dieu dac biet la ca sii tich Nhif Lai ngftdi Tay True (An Dp) vd'n la qua khft
Trang 6Vu Thanh Chdt thdn /?i trong vdn h()c thcJi Ly 49
vdi tac gia Nguyin Cdng Bat l l n hanh
trang cua Ly Nhan Tdng, vi vua difdng
thdi deu dftdc huyen thoai hda Rd rang
khdng ed sft phan biet ranh mach gifta
hft cau va sii thiic, gifta khoang each ve
khdng gian va thdi gian, gifta eac nhan
vat Nhiing dieu dftcfc huyen thoai hda lai
dftdc tie'p nhan nhft la nhiing sft viec cd
that da xay ra, qua dd the hien md'i quan
A A A A A A"' A
he mat thiet giiia tac pham vdi nhiing
huyen thoai Phat giao va ca nhiing
truyen thuye't dan gian
Mau sac suf thi ciing kha rd net trong
Van bia Sung Tliien Dien Linh vdi gipng
van tft tin, hao sang, hiing bien, dac biet
khi "vie't ve lich sif Phat giao, ve sft tich cua
Phat td va khi ca ngdi "vi Phat sd'ng Ly
Nhan Tdng Cudc ddi va con ngftdi Ly
Nhan Tdng difdc khac hpa bang but phap
huyen thoai mang mau sac su' thi: "Sao
sang dem hien, sdng Ngan ifng ve trang
non; may lanh sdm bay, be dd giai mau lua
A 9
trang Khi mftng vut thang trdi xanh,
hifdng la ngat ngao cung cam Mftdi thang
hoai thai trpn cft, thang Gieng xuan tie't
sinh ngftdi" Ngftdi anh hung xuat hien
gifta anh hao quang ciia dat trdi, van vat:
"Cftdi xe ngpc ra ngoai chin be, len long
xa rong rudi difdng vang Quat ldng tri
che d hai ben, kieu nam bac vay quanh bd'n
phia Long bau rdp trdi, cd mau Ide nang
Sao bang dam lieu, may chuyen dftdng
hoa Hftdng Trftdng Ld sdng bie'c, ngft dien
ban Linh Quang Nghin thuyen nhif chdp
giat gifta ddng, mudn trdng tiia sam vang
mat nifdc " Khdng gian va thdi gian t h i n
bl hda quyen vdi nhau tao nen mpt bifc
tranh huyen ao
Tac pham thft hai: Van bia Linh Xiing
cung la mdt trong vai bai van bia tieu
bieu thdi Ly cdn lai de'n nay, do Giac Tinh Hai Chie'u dai su", tft tuf Thich Phap Bao, la ngftdi truyen phap d chua Phuc Dien Tft Thanh, quan Cufu Chan, tran Thanh Hda (nay thudc tinh Thanh Hda) soan ldi Bia dftdc khanh thanh va dftng vao ngay 3 thang Ba nam Binh Ngp, nam thft bay nien hieu Thien Phu Due Vu (tifc ngay 28-3-1126), nhifng thftc ra bai van bia da difdc vie't khoang trftdc nam 1101 Bang nghe thuat each dieu va tan than nhifng giau chat tii suf, tren tinh than phdng khoang, vd chap, giau tri tue, vdi ldi ke chuyen hap dan, xen ke nhieu hinh anh sinh ddng gan lien vdi sft that lich
sit, tat nhien cung tran day mau sac than
hi, huyen thoai, bai van bia da xay dftng thanh cdng hinh tifdng ngftdi anh hung dan tdc Ly Thftdng Kiet vdi tai nang, dftc
dp va cdng tich Iftng lay vdi dan, vdi nftdc, vdi dao Phat , , ; Kieu van phong dam chat su' thi anh hung, mdt mftc tung ca nhifng dieu cao
ca trong cudc ddi nhan vat cung la net dac trifng cua cac bai van bia thdi Ly ndi chung Nghe thuat ke't cau tac pham, di tft khai quat de'n cu the mang man sac sif thi ca ngdi cac anh hung dan tdc, nghe thuat vie't van chinh luan giau chat hung bien, nghe thuat xay dftng nhan vat, mieu ta thien nhien vdi sft ndi trdi cua but phap huyen thoai than bl, van phong vfta hoa mi, khoa trftdng, vfta lang man, thi vi la nhiing gia tri ndi bat ciia hai bai van bia tieu bieu, md dau cho nhiing truyen thd'ng td't dep cua van hpc dan tdc, dac biet la vdi van xudi chinh luan, tii sii
va truyen than bl sau nay
Van hpc thdi Ly cdn bao hieu sii xuat hien ciia mdt the loai van hoc t h i n bi ddc