Theo sd lieu cdng bd tai hdi thao qudc te ve "Vai tro cua giao due ngon ngir va van hoa vdi viec dao tao nguon nhan lye dia phuo'ng trong boi canh toan cau hda" ddu thang 4 ndm 2009 tai
Trang 140 NGON NGUT & 001 SONG SO 1+2(183+184)-2011
NGOAI NGQ VOI BAN NGO
TIENG ANH AI MA CHANG MUON HOC TOT
NGUYEN THANH TAM
(Ha Noi)
Trong ITnh vue giao due tieng Anh eho
the he tre, dieu lam nhieu ngudi trdn trd
nbire nhdi nhat, la sd sinh vien tdt nghiep ed
ti le ndi va nghe duge tieng Anh rat thap
Theo sd lieu cdng bd tai hdi thao qudc te ve
"Vai tro cua giao due ngon ngir va van
hoa vdi viec dao tao nguon nhan lye dia
phuo'ng trong boi canh toan cau hda" ddu
thang 4 ndm 2009 tai Ha Ngi ma tdi may
man dugc dy, ti le "edm" va "diee" tieng
Anh ddi vdi sinh vien tdt nghiep md mdn
tieng Anh khdng la chuyen ngtr tren tu
80-85% va ddi vdi nhirng trudng chuyen tieng
Anh 40-45% Neu sd lieu tren la tin cay, thi
tinh trang nay dang bao dgng va de chung ta
suy nghT Vay day va bgc tieng Anh nhu the
nao ndi chung va nhat la d trong cac trudng
pho thdng va dai hgc?
Tdi biet kien thire tieng Anh la vd tan,
minh ehang la gi ca trong thien ha Nhung
tai sao minh lai khdng dya vao nhimg nam
•'lan lgi" vdi "nghiep" tieng Anh eua minh,
ma manh dan Idm "y ta" de cung cac "bac
sf" khae chua dugc cdn benh "cam" va
'"diee" tieng Anh cho cae sinh vien chung ta?
Tdi hy vgng bai nay phan ndo giup ieh cac
sinh vien dang hgc tieng Anh, ke ea nhiing
ai yeu thich mdn ngoai ngii nay
Dau tien ngudi hgc phai xac dinh that rd
dgng CO hgc tieng Anh Thdi dai ngay nay,
hien nhien la neu sau khi sinh vien tdt
nghiep d eac trudng dai hgc, eao ddng hoac
chuyen nghiep, ed trinh do tieng Anh tdt thi
rat de ed viee lam viec tdt vdi muc thu nhap tdt Hg ed the tiep tyc bgc tap d nude ngoai
de sau nay cang dugc cdng hien nhieu cho
xa bgi, vdi tuong lai sang lan Nguge lai, neu sd sinh vien mdn tieng Anh khdng tot tuy ed mdn bgc ehinh ket qua rat gidi, ma thi lELTS hay TOEFT khdng dat, thi cung la vo nghTa, ndi ehi den chuyen dugc cdng viec lam tdt hoac du hgc nude ngoai? Chi sau khi
hg da xae dinh lgi ieh cua tieng Anh cac ban tre nay mdi thye su ed duac quyet tam hgc tieng Anh Luc do hg se tim ra phuong phap hgc cd dugc ket qua tdt nhat
Hgc tieng Anh, bat dau tir bgc ndi tdt
"Ndi" a day khdng ehi don thuan la ndi, ma
nd cdn gdm nhieu khdu quan trgng ma the
thieu dugc trong qua trinh ndi Dd la phat
am chuan, trong am diing, ngir dieu
"nuot" va noi theo each noi cua nguoi ban ngir Nhieu ngudi biet, khi phat am cd trgng
am sai thi nghTa hodn toan khae nhau (nhu
chir content (la danh tir) nghTa la ngi dung va
content (la tinh tir) nghTa la ddng y Mudn
phat am chuan, viec dau tien, thay day phai phat am chuan Chung ta cd 1001 each kiem chimg xem thay day cd ndi ehuan khdng Biit bao nhieu giao trinh day kem theo bdng, dTa, tren kenh truyin hinh BBC, ABC, CNN cd thi giup chung ta biet duge ngay tiing Anh cua thay cd ehuan khdng Ngay nay khdng thieu gi ngudi bdn ngii Anh, MT hoac Australia hay cac ban be da tu nghiep
Trang 2so 1+2 (183+184)-2011 NGON NGUT & 0 6 l SONG 41
d nude ngoai cd thi giup ta khau phat am
tieng Anh chudn
Ngudi nude ngoai ed ehung mot nhan xet
la nhieu ngudi Viet Nam khi ndi tiing Anh
thudng khdng de y am cuoi tir Dieu nay dan
den ngudi nghe hieu sai dieu dinh ndi va
thye su gay khd chiu cho ngudi nghe, bdt hg
phai doan Am "fai" neu bd am euoi cd the
la fine,{Xb\ dep) five (sd nam) fight (chiln
dau),fire (lua, ehay ),y?/e (hd so),find{1\m
thay) Tuong ty nhu vay, khi ndi Cd dy tdt
(^he Is nice) cd the nham la Cd dy chin tuoi
(She is nine) Six (sau) ciing de nham la sick
(dm)
Khau ndi bao gdm ca nghe nira, ngudi ndi
phai hieu gi ddi phuong dang ndi Rd rang
chi khi phat am dung, thi ngudi nghe mdi
hieu dung ngudi ndi dinh dien ta, chuyen tai
thdng tin gi, va nguge lai
Trong giao tiep ddi khi ta khdng the hieu
het 100%, phai van dyng kT nang ndi, la phai
phan doan va dya va van canh Vi vay phai
ren liiyen kT nang nghe, binh iTnh va doan
nghTa trong ndi dung eau chuyen dang ndi
den Thi du khi dang ndi ve de tai gia dinh
eon cai, "Tdi cd cau con trai 19 tudi, khdng
the nham la 90 tudi Neu chi cham chu vao
mot vai ehii chua hieu ma khdng nghe dugc
chtr, doan khdc thi bd lai nhirng phan quan
trgng tiep
De luyen kT ndng ndi, luc dau, ban cd the
hgc thugc long nhu may mdt sd "cau tu" ma
trong giao dich nhiing eau xa giao thdng
thudng nhu "Chdo dng, dng cd khde khdng
hay dgo ndy dng cd khde khdng?", "Ong
den Viet Nam bao nhieu lan? ", "Ong cdn d
Viel Nam bao lau nita? " "Cdm on dng vi su
chu ddo cua dng vdi chung Idi", khi nhiing
cau ndi nay nhanh nhu may, ban se cang tu
tin hon khi giao tilp vol hg Hay hgc each
ndi tiing Anh cua cae hudng dan vien du
lieh That khdng qua khi ndi nhieu hudng dan vien du lieh Viet Nam ndi tiing Anh rat ehuan, hay va luu lodt, ehi vi hg da qua thugc bai va phai ndi hang ngay Vay thi xin mdi cac ban hay lam thir hudng dan vien du lich de nang eao tieng Anh!
Cach day da nhieu nam rdi, cd lan ddn khach nude ngoai tai san bay Ngi Bai, tdi van nhd den mot cau ndi cua mdt nhan vien hai quan chung ta hdi ngudi nude ngoai bang tieng Anh rat chuan va luu loat vdi
gigng tram "Xin dng cho xem hd chieu, dng
cd gi de ke khai hdi quan khdng?" "Passport
please! Have you got anything to declare" Tai sao? Dd la cau cira mieng chac nhan vien hai quan nay phai ndi den qua nghin lan rdi (thye tinh, tir suy nghT dd, nd da giup tdi nhieu trong khau tap ndi tieng Anh) Vay cting xin mdi cac ban hay lam thu nhan vien hai quan tai san bay qudc te Ngi Bai de ndi gidi tieng Anh!
Nhieu ngudi nude ngoai nhan xet khdng
it sinh vien Viet Nam cd vdn tu vyng rat phong phu va nam chac ngu phap ban ca giao vien ban ngii, nhung hg van su dyng tieng Anh khdng dung, hoac dung van pham nhung khdng phai each ndi cua ngudi ban ngtr, bdi vi hg cung bi anh hudng ngtr phap, hoac each ndi cua tieng Viet
Dung la trong tieng Anh, mot sd cdu ed
cau tnie gidng tieng Viet (thi du: "Tdi mudn
di ehg" (I want to go to the market) hay "Tdi
cd khd khan trong cuge sdng" (I have
dificulty in life), cdn lai, each ndi cua ngudi Viet khae xa each eua ngudi ban ngii
Chang ban nhu cau "Ong cd the ndi dugc
bao nhieu lieng nude ngodi?" ngudi ta ndi
"What languages do you speak? " chu khdng
phai "How many foreign languages can you
speak " Tuong tu nhu vay, "Bao gio thi dng
ve nude? " thi ngudi ta ndi "Ong d ddy cdn
Trang 342 NGON N G i / 8 ( 0 6 l SONG SO 1+2 (183+184)-2011
bao Idu?" (How long are you staying in
Viet Nam?), chir khdng ndi "When do you
have lo leave Vieliium for your country?"
Hay cdu khae: "Tdi nay anh dinh lam gi?"
("What are you doing tonight? ") hoae: "Tdi
rat thich anh" ("I really like you", khdng
phai la: "I like you very much") Nhirng thi
du tuong ty nhu vay thi nhieu vd ke Xin
mdi cae ban tir kham phd
Sau khi ban da "len tay" tieng Anh ndi
tuang ddi dimg dgng lir nao di vdi tinh tir,
danh tu nao (thi du lo do homework,
exercises nhung lo make progress, lo make a
mistake ) ban nen dan "nang tay nghe"
bang each van dung thanh ngfr Chdng han,
"Tdi khdng khde lam!" (I am not very well)
nhung ngirdi ta thirdng ndi "/ am a bit under
die weather" Toi nhd ed lan nigl ban khach
nu nude ngoai den nha cho'i ngdi da lau, tdi
hdi te nhi "Bd mudn sira sang, trang diem
sdc dep khdng?" (Do you like to powder
your nose?) Ba khach mim eudi gat dau
ngam hieu ngay bd cd cdn di toilet khdng?
Mot lan khae, khi di choi phd vdi mot ba
khach du lich ntzudi MT khi cam thav da
khat va met, tdi mua 2 ehai nude khoang
con, mot mdi ba va mot phan tdi Ba khach
cir ddi tra tien Tdi tir ehdi va bao "Ddng Id
bao nhiHu!" ("ehieken-shit-money'") ("Tien
eirt ga ay ma"", tire la "Ddng Id bao nhieu
lien") Tdi ndi xong, ba khach ngac nhien
Sling sdt khen tdi ndi tieng Anh, ba eu tudng
lui sinh idng 6 MT hoac ehi It cung hgc tap d
MT ve chir hg ed biet dau, do la nhung eau
ndi sinh boat tdi hgc duge trong giao dich
tieng Anh vdi iigutri ban ngCr
Sinh boat trong eac eau lae bd ndi tieng
Anh, hay tham gia eac budi giao luu vdn hda
vdi cae ban nude ngoai hay trao ddi e-mail
vdi eac ban ngirdi ban ngu' lii dieu kien li
tudng de nang eao tieng Anh ndi va viet eua
ban Cd lan khi nhan duge e-mail eua mdt ban Anh lam viec d Viet Nam, ban da md
dau bang cau "/ hope this mail finds you
well" Tai sao ta lai khdng sir diing eau nay
mdi lan viet thu nhi? Tdi ed ngudi ban phdng vien MT trude day thudng trii tai Ha Ngi quen nhau trong cdng trie, na}' ban \'c nude de hoan thdnh luan an tiln sT Anh vilt
thu cho tdi giai thich tai sao chain viet thir:
vi qua ban rgn, vira gianh thdi gian cho thi cir, lai vice cdng viee lu hang nga) luon doi
hdi Anh viet: "The past year has been an
extremely biiSy lime for me between a second child, a demanding fob and work on my PhD research, and I haven't had lime for much of anything else " Cuoi thu, ban tdi viet: "Best wishes, health and happiness to you and your family!" Tdi rat thieh nhung eau nay
eiia ban tdi, tdi hgc thugc, "bien thanh" cua minh va sir dung hang ngay khi tdi viet elio ban be, ndi rd li do tai sao tdi chain viet thu
Cau "The pasl year has been un extremely
busy lime for me belween l6\ thay bang cau
"the pasl two years have been extremely hiisv limes for me between " Xem nhCrnu
eau nay, cd "tay" va "ta" deu khen tdi ndi tieng Anh Hg ed biet dau dd la nhung eau tdi da hgc cua cae ban ngudi ban ngtr trong khi trao ddi e-mail ,-,,r,, Nhung ehu de sinh hoat trong eau lac bo
dd, ehang ban "sir ndng len cua khi hdii loan
cdu " (global warming) ed the la de tai tdt de
tranli luan Ban hay bam gid do thu ndi dugc bao nhieu phut ve de tai nay? Xin dam bao sau mot vai lan sinh boat eau lae bg, tieng .^nh eua ban se luu loat ban
Theo ddi thudng xuyen cac kenh truyin hinh BBC, ABC, CNN ngoai lugng thdng tin ndng ban biet ban ed the hoe duge nhilu tir vung, each ndi, phat am \a iigiic tiuig Anh eliiian eua ngudi ban ngti'
(xem tiep trang H5)
Trang 4s o 1 +2 (183+184)-2011 NGON NGJJ 8c o 6 l SONG 85
2 Trin Van Co (2007), Ngdn ngir hoc tri
nhdn (Ghi chep va suy nghi), Nxb KHXH
3 Nguyen Lai (1999), Nhirng bdi gidng
ve ngdn ngu hgc dgi cuong - Tap I : Mdi
quan he giiia ngdn ngir vd tu duy, Nxb
DHQGHaNgi, tr.191-199
4 Ly Toan Thang (2005), Ngdn ngir
hgc tri nhdn Tir II thuyet dgi cuang den thuc
lien lieng Viet, Nxb Khoa bgc xa hdi (tai
ban 2009, Nxb Phuang Ddng)
5 Trdn Ngge Them (tai ban 2001), Tim
ve bdn sdc vdn hda Viet Nam, Nxb Tp
HCM
Tieng Anh
6 Choi, I., Nisbett, R E., & Smith, E
E (1997) Culture, categorization and
inductive reasoning Cognition, 65, 15-32
7 Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (1980),
Metaphor we live by Chicago, London
8 Wierzbieka, A (1991),
Cross-Culliiral Pragmatics: The Semantics of
Human Interaction Mouton de Gruyter
Berlin
9 Wierzbieka, A (1992a), Semantics
Culture, and Cognition: Universal Human
Concepts in Culture-Specific
Configurations New York: Oxford
University Press
10 Wierzbieka, A (1992b), 'Japanese
Key words and core cultural values'
Language in Society 20:333-385
11 Wierzbieka, A (1993), 'A
conceptual basis for cultural psychology'
Ethos 21(2): 205-231
12 Wierzbieka, A (1996), Semantics:
Primes and Universals New York: Oxford
University Press Oxford
13 Wierzbieka, A (1997)
Understanding Cultures through their Key
Words: English Russian Polish, German,
.hipanes New York: Oxford Univ Press
(Ban Bien tap nhan bai ngay 24-11-2010)
TIENG ANH {tiep theo trang 42)
Trong thdi dai ngay nay, khi cdng nghe khoa bgc phat trien, cd rat nhieu cac sach giao khoa tieng Anh, d cac hieu sach, va ca
d tren mang internet Ngudn tri thirc vd tan nay cd the giup ban bgc tdt tieng Anh Xin mdi ban hay tan dyng ehung
Dung la hgc tieng Anh nghiem tuc that lam cdng phu vat va va phai kien tam Phai bgc, nghe, viet va dge, tao mgi ca bgi cd the
de thye hanh trong hang ngay, hang tuan Dd
la con dudng khd khdn dai vd tan, nhung ciing day thich thu Sao ban lai khdng thu
"dan than" vao con dudng hgc van day chdng gai vat va nay xem sao? Cac cy da day da cd di se tat phdi den ma
Thay ldi ket, tdi xin neu len mdt cau chuyen "ngudi that viec thaf Trudng hgp
em Dd thi H.B sinh vien tdt nghiep ndm
2009 he chinh quy mot trudng dai bgc tai Ha Ngi Em H.B ngudi da dugc tdi giup da tieng Anh dung 2 budi ruai trudc kbi di thi tuyen cdng chuc nha nude vao mot bg ed ten tudi trong ndm 2009 Phan tieng Anh, em da
dd a khoa trong cuoc thi do mot bgi ddng tieng Anh cd uy tin kiem tra Em chi dimg sau mot sinh vien da timg hgc d Anh hai ndm Em H.B da van dyng tuyet vdi nhiing
"chieu" tdi giup Dd la dac biet chu y den kl
ndng ndi nhu: phat am chuan, co trong
am, ngir dieu, khong bo nhirng am cuoi va phai noi theo each ciia ngvoi ban ngir
(Xin luu y them em H.B khi bgc dai hgc mdn ngoai ngtr ehinh cua em khdng phai la tieng Anh ma la tieng Nga, tieng Anh em ehi
hgc hdi a trudng phd thdng! Sau ndy tdi
duge biet them vai thang sau, em da duge
bg mdi tuyen em cho di tu nghiep d Australia) Tat nhien, day la mot sy trung
hgp dep vdi triet li cua tdi "Phiic chu lgc
Ihdy" vi hdng phuc eua nha em H.B qud
Idn, cdn tdi la ngudi duge "hudng lgc"
(Ban Bien tap ntian bai ngay 18-11-2010)