The Eugenic Marriage, Volume IV. (of IV.), by Grant Hague pot

Treatment of AcuteNasal Catarrh, orRhinitis, or Coryza, or"Cold in the Head," or "Snuffles"—ChronicNasal Catarrh—Chronic Rhinitis—Chronic Dischargefrom the Nose—Nervous or PersistentCoug

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Author: Grant Hague

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New York World

More Babies Like These

These nine little tots areall sound, healthy stock.The generations behindthem had unconsciouslybeen practicing Eugenics

through the process ofnatural selection By luck,

as it were, no strain wasbred into the severalfamilies that would havecaused these children to

be unsound mentally,morally, or physically

It is through Eugenics that

we shall have more babieslike these, and shalleliminate the possibility ofchildren like those shown

in the other illustrations tothis volume

The Eugenic Marriage

A Personal Guide to

the New Science of Better

Living and Better

and of the American Medical

Association

In Four Volumes

VOLUME IV

New York

THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY

1914

Copyright, 1913, by W Grant Hague

Copyright, 1914, by W Grant Hague

"Catching Cold"—Sitting on the Floor—Kicking the Bed

Inadequate HeadCovering—SubjectingBaby to DifferentTemperatures

Suddenly—WearingRubbers—Direct

Infection—Acute

Nasal Catarrh—AcuteCoryza—Acute

Rhinitis—"Cold in theHead"— "Snuffles"—

Treatment of AcuteNasal Catarrh, orRhinitis, or Coryza, or

"Cold in the Head," or

"Snuffles"—ChronicNasal Catarrh—Chronic Rhinitis—Chronic Dischargefrom the Nose—Nervous or PersistentCough—Adenoids as aCause of PersistentCough—Croup—Acute CatarrhalLaryngitis—

Spasmodic Croup—

Tonsilitis—Angina—

Sore Throat—

Tonsilitis—Treatment

of Tonsilitis—Bronchitis in Infants—Bronchitis in OlderChildren—"Don'ts" inBronchitis—Diet inBronchitis—

Inhalations inBronchitis— ExternalApplications inBronchitis—Drugs inBronchitis—Chronic

Bronchitis—

Pneumonia—AcuteBroncho-pneumonia—

Symptoms of pneumonia—How toTell When a Child hasBroncho-pneumonia—Treatment of Broncho-pneumonia—The

Broncho-After-treatment ofBroncho-pneumonia—Adenoids—How toTell When a Child hasAdenoids—Treatment

of Adenoids—NasalHemorrhage—"Nose-bleeds"—Treatment ofNose-bleeds—Quinsy

—Hiccough—SoreMouth— Stomatitis—Treatment of Ulcers of

Acute IntestinalDiseases of Children

—Conditions UnderWhich They Exist andSuggestions as toRemedial Measures—Acute IntestinalIndigestion—

Symptoms of AcuteIntestinal Indigestion

—Treatment of AcuteIntestinal Indigestion

—Children withWhom Milk Does NotAgree—Chronic orPersistent IntestinalIndigestion—AcuteIleo-colitis—

Dysentery— Enteritis

—Entero-colitis—Inflammatory Diarrhea

—Chronic Ileo-colitis

—Chronic Colitis—Summer Diarrhea—Cholera Infantum—Gastro-enteritis—Acute Gastro-entericInfection—Gastro-enteric Intoxication—Colic Appendicitis—Jaundice in Infants—Jaundice in OlderChildren—CatarrhalJaundice—Gastro-duodenitis—IntestinalWorms—Worms,

Thread, Pin and Tape

Child's Ears—Do Not

Pick the Ears—

CHAPTER XXXVII

diseases of children (continued)

Sleeplessness—

Disturbed Sleep—

Nightmare—NightTerrors—Headache—Thumb-sucking—Biting the Finger Nails

—Colon Irrigation—How to Wash Out the

Enema—Enema—Methods of ReducingFever—Ice Cap—Cold Sponging—ColdPack—The Cold Bath

—Various Baths—Mustard Baths—HotPack—Hot Bath—HotAir, or Vapor Bath—Bran Bath—TepidBath—Cold Sponge—

Shower Bath—

Poultices—Hot

Fomentations—How

to Make and How to

Apply a Mustard Paste

—How to Prepare and

Use the Mustard Pack

—Turpentine Stupes—

Oiled Silk, What it is

and Why it is Used

569

Diseases of Children

CHAPTER XXXVIII

infectious or contagious

diseases

Rules to be Observed

in the Treatment ofContagious Diseases

—What IsolationMeans—The

Contagious Sick Room

—Conduct and Dress

of the Nurse—Feedingthe Patient and Nurse

—How to Disinfectthe Clothing and Linen

—How to Disinfect

the Urine and Feces—How to Disinfect theHands—Disinfection

Necessary—How toDisinfect the Mouthand Nose—How toDisinfect the Throat—Receptacle for theSputum—Care of theSkin in ContagiousDiseases—

Convalescence After aContagious Disease—Disinfecting the SickChamber—The AfterTreatment of aDisinfected Room—

How to Disinfect theBed Clothing andClothes—Mumps—Epidemic Parotitis—

Normal Salt Solution

Accidents andEmergencies—

Contents of the FamilyMedicine Chest—Foreign Bodies in theEye—Foreign Bodies

in the Ear—ForeignBodies in the Nose—Foreign Bodies in theThroat—A Bruise orContusion—Wounds

Hemorrhage—

Removal of ForeignBodies from a Wound

—Cleansing a Wound

Kill Flies—Moths—What Physicians areDoing—Radium—X-Ray Treatment and X-Ray Diagnosis—Aseptic Surgery—New Anesthetics—Vaccine in TyphoidFever—"606"—

Transplanting theOrgans of Dead Meninto the Living—Bacteria that MakeSoil Barren orProductive—Anti-meningitis Serum—ASerum for Malaria inSight

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PageMore Babies Like These Frontispiece

A Grim Result (Facing 519)

"A Misfortune at Birth" (Facing 567)

The First Blight (Facing 599)

ACCIDENTS AND

EMERGENCIES

CHAPTER XXXIV

COMMON DISEASES OF THE NOSE, MOUTH, AND

CHEST

"Catching Cold"—Sitting on the Floor—Kicking the Bed Clothes Off—Inadequate Head Covering—SubjectingBaby to Different TemperaturesSuddenly—Wearing Rubbers—DirectInfection—Acute Nasal Catarrh—AcuteCoryza—Acute Rhinitis—"Cold in theHead"—"Snuffles"— Treatment ofAcute Nasal Catarrh, or Rhinitis, or

Coryza, or "Cold in the Head," or

"Snuffles"—Chronic Nasal Catarrh—Chronic Rhinitis— Chronic Dischargefrom the Nose—Nervous or PersistentCough— Adenoids as a Cause ofPersistent Cough—Croup—AcuteCatarrhal Laryngitis—Spasmodic Croup

—False Croup—Tonsilitis—Angina—Sore Throat—Symptoms of Tonsilitis—Treatment of Tonsilitis—Bronchitis inInfants— Bronchitis in Older Children

—"Don'ts" in Bronchitis—Diet inBronchitis—Inhalations in Bronchitis—External Applications in Bronchitis—Drugs in Bronchitis—Chronic orRecurrent Bronchitis—Pneumonia—Acute Broncho-pneumonia—Symptoms

of Broncho-pneumonia—How to Tell

When a Child has Broncho-pneumonia—Treatment of Broncho-pneumonia—TheAfter-treatment of Broncho-pneumonia

—Adenoids—How to Tell When aChild has Adenoids—Treatment ofAdenoids—Nasal Hemorrhage—"Nose-bleeds"—Treatment of Nose-bleeds—Quinsy—Hiccough—Sore Mouth—Stomatitis—Treatment of Ulcers of theMouth—Sprue—Thrush

"CATCHING COLDS"

Mothers frequently wonder where theirchildren get colds Briefly we will pointout some of the sources from whichthese apparently inexplicable colds maycome

A Sitting on the Floor.—Children

should not be allowed to sit or crawlupon the floor at any season of the year,but especially during the winter months.There is always a draught of cold airnear the floor It is a bad habit to beginallowing a child to play with its toys onthe floor Use the bed or a sofa or aplatform raised a foot from the floor

B Kicking the Bed Clothes Off During the Night.—The bed clothes should be

securely pinned to the mattress by largesafety pins When it is established as ahabit a child who kicks off the bedclothes should wear a combination nightsuit with "feet," made of flannel duringthe winter and of cotton during the

C Inadequate Head Covering.—

Professor Kerley states that this is one ofthe "most frequent causes of disease ofthe respiratory tract in the young." Hecalls attention to the fact that "motherscarefully clothe the baby with amplecoats, blankets, leggings, etc., beforethey take him out for the daily walk.They dress him in a warm room takingplenty of time to put on the extra clothes,during which time the baby frets andperspires When all is ready they placeupon the hot, almost bald head of thebaby a light artistically decorated airycreation which is sold in the shops aschildren's caps The child is then takenout of doors and because of the

inadequate covering of the hot perspiringhead, catches cold and the mother neverknows how it came." Every baby andchild should wear under such caps askull cap of thin flannel, especially incold weather In summer or windy day alight silk handkerchief folded under thecap is a very excellent protection.

D Subjecting a Baby to Different Temperatures Suddenly, is liable to be

followed by a cold—for example, takingthe child from a warm room to a coldroom, or through a cold hall, holding thechild at an open window for a fewmoments

E The Practice of Wearing Rubbers Needs Some Consideration.—They

should never be worn indoors for evenfive minutes They should not therefore

be kept on in school, nor should they beworn by women in stores when they goshopping When it is actually raining, orsnowing, or when there is slush or wetmud they are needful; but they should not

be worn simply because the weather isthreatening or damp Children should notput them on to play—worn for any length

of time when active they are harmful Ifworn to and from school they should betaken off at once when in school or athome Wearing rubbers prevents freeevaporation of the natural secretion ofthe skin, keeps the feet moist and invitescolds and catarrh In damp weather, orwhen children play during winter

months, they should be shod with stoutshoes with cork insoles.

The same argument applies to stormcoats of rubber, water-proof material.They should not be worn as overcoatsall day, but only when going to and fromschool or business when it is actuallystorming

Underclothing or hosiery should not beheavy enough to cause moisture of theskin Health demands a dry skin at alltimes The necessary degree of bodyheat should be attained by the quality ofthe outer clothing, not by the quantity ofthe underclothing Many men and womenwear heavy underclothing which causesmoisture when indoors, with the result

that they get surface chills when they gooutside if the weather is cold and as aresult catch cold The underclothingshould be just heavy enough to becomfortable indoors and the extrawarmth necessary when outside should

be supplied by a good overcoat or furs

F Direct Infection.—A baby may catch

cold if kissed or "hugged" by an adultwho has a cold

Catching cold while bathing is possible,but scarcely probable, if ordinaryprecautions are taken It is very badpractice to permit children to use oneanother's handkerchiefs or thehandkerchief of an adult Certainchildren are predisposed to attacks of

"cold in the head" or acute coryza ornasal catarrh (these being the medicalnames for this condition) Sometimesthis is an inherited characteristic There

is no doubt, however, that most of thesechildren acquire the habit by badsanitary and hygienic surroundings.These children do not as a rule getenough fresh air They are kept indoorsmost of the time in stuffy, overheated,badly ventilated rooms, unless theweather is absolutely perfect Thewindows in their bedrooms are alwayskept closed, because they are "liable tocatch cold." They are overdressed andperspire easily and as a result "catchcold." These conditions all tend tocreate an unhealthy condition of the

nasal mucous membrane and of thethroat, and this is rendered worse if thechild lives in a damp, changeableclimate, such as that of New York City.

In these susceptible children the excitingcause of an attack may be trivial;exposure, cold or wet feet, inadequatehead covering (as already pointed out), adraught of cold air even may excitesneezing and a nasal discharge; hence

we have:

Acute Nasal Catarrh (Acute Coryza, Acute Rhinitis, "Cold in the Head",

"Snuffles").—Acute nasal catarrh may

accompany measles, diphtheria,influenza, and whooping cough

Symptoms.—The onset is sudden with

sneezing, and difficulty in breathingthrough the nose In a few hours, or itmay be not for a day or two, a mucous,watery, nasal discharge appears Thereare redness and slight swelling of thenose and upper lip, caused by thedischarge There is no fever as a generalrule except in very young infants, inwhom the fever may be very high Thedischarge interferes with the nursing andthe child suffers from lack ofnourishment The inflammation mayextend to the eyes and ears, causingpainful complications, or to the throatand bronchi, causing hoarseness andcough Less frequently we havedisturbances of the digestive tract withvomiting, or diarrhea.

The mild form of the disease lasts fortwo or three days, the severe form fromone to two weeks.

Repeated attacks are said to contribute

to the production of adenoid growths

An acute attack of this disease is seldom

a serious affliction in older children; itmay be, however, very serious and evendangerous in very young infants Thetendency of the disease to extenddownward, causing bronchitis orpneumonia, explains in part the possibledanger to a baby Another reason isbecause it may seriously interfere withsuckling and with breathing in these littlepatients It may even cause suddenattacks of strangulation An infant,

therefore, suffering with an acute attack

of rhinitis requires constant attention Itmay be necessary to feed it with aspoon, and if necessary mother's milkshould be so fed Plenty of fresh airshould be provided It may be essential

to keep the mouth open in order that itmay get enough fresh air Every effortshould be made to keep the nostrilsopen The secretions must be removedfrom time to time Causing the child tosneeze by tickling the nose with acamel's hair brush will clear the nose forthe time being The physician may becompelled to use a solution of cocainefor this purpose

Treatment of Acute Rhinitis ("Taking Cold", Nasal Catarrh, Acute Coryza,

"Snuffles").—A child suffering with an

acute attack of "cold in the head" should

be kept indoors in a room with aconstant, uniform temperature; theparticular reason for this is, that, if achild is exposed to cold at any timeduring an attack of "cold in the head," itmay cause the disease to invade thechest,—a tendency which it has at alltimes The bowels must be kept open; ifthey do not move every day of their ownaccord they must be made to move bymeans of an enema of sweet oil or ofsoap-suds The amount of food should bereduced to suit the circumstances and thecondition of the patient

We treat the local condition in the nosewith a menthol mixture The following is