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CLOZE TEST Exercise 1 The Great Gatsby is F Scott Fitzgerald''''s epic masterpiece about the death of the American Dream in the 1920s It is a tragic romance story that takes place during the summer of 19[.]

CLOZE TEST Exercise 1:

The Great Gatsby is F Scott Fitzgerald's epic masterpiece about the death of the American Dream in the 1920s It is a tragic romance story that takes place during the summer of 1922 and

is 1) _ on Long Island in New York City

The book begins when the novel’s hero, Nick Carraway, moves from Minnesota to his new home

on Long Island Sound His house is on a fictionalised island called West Egg, which is situated

in between decadent beachside homes, and 2) _ the bay from East Egg, an even classierand richer area

When Carraway meets the man who is the namesake of the book, Jay Gatsby, he is dazzled bythe 3) _ of his lifestyle, completely awash with awe and envy Nick soon finds out thateven a man so popular as Gatsby cannot break the 4) _ ceiling when it comes to certainsocial barriers, because of his own questionable past and lineage Fitzgerald wrote this bookabout the 5) _ known later as the Jazz Age, which was a time of glitter and decadence

A few of the more prominent themes throughout the book are that of social class, war, and ofcourse, the unending 6) _ for the American Dream Social or moral values, or the lack ofthem, also play a huge part in the fabric of the book’s 7) _ Many times Fitzgeraldprovides example of the decaying moral values of the characters, and how this affects their livesand the lives of those around them

Many themes are dealt with in this book, which are still 8) _ to the world today This isone of the reasons why the book is considered to be one of the most important and influential9) _ of classic literature of our time It is a book that is certain to engross readers and givethem 10) _ for thought

10 food

Exercise 2:

We are by 1) _ social animals The social bonds we establish play a vital role in defining

us and 2) _ the way we develop as individuals They contribute to our emotional growth and help 3) _ that emotional void which we experience when we are deprived of the company of other individuals like ourselves 4) _ in social interaction is not only a

practical necessity but a basic part of being human For instance, contact and experimentation with our social environment is what 5) _ the learning process Aspects of our human nature that are attributed primarily to social factors are 6) _ of behaviour and the

development of emotional intelligence The latter helps us identify, assess and handle our

emotions It is thus 7) _ makes essentially human and distinguishes us from other living beings When nurtured, it awakens social awareness, which is the feeling that one is not alone but 8) _ of a whole, and it strengthens feelings of solidarity amongst us This acts as an emotional 9) _ by making us feel that no matter what may happen, we are in this together, our common goal being 10) _ of survival

We live in an 1) dominated by an increasing dependence on technological innovations It

is for this reason that younger generations find it virtually impossible to imagine a 2) _without the convenience and comfort they provide us with Small wonder 3) _ that whenasked to forecast what life will be like in the future, they come up with something that sounds as

if it’s been 4) _ out of a science-fiction book But this description is actually not theproduct of an unbridled 5) _ Based on the present speed at which breakthroughs are being

made, it’s actually a fairly accurate prediction It looks as if technology will have the 6) _hand, and in all likelihood, fully automated systems will substitute for people in all areas Peoplewill take the back 7) _ and instead of beavering 8) _ at work we will be able totake advantage of the time made available to us to engage in more recreational activities.Utilising this time constructively will be a feat in 9) _ Perhaps a care of too much of agood thing Things might just come to the point where, from time to time, we will 10) _about the good old days.

a daunting 9) lies ahead in our quest for enlightenment, for which we must exercise both

prudence and patience Of paramount importance in this quest is the application of moralrestraints, which must act as a beacon in the 10) .

of a brighter future It's the most challenging 9) for the international giants nowadays tohelp the poor populations get out of the 10) snare

Can you envision in your 3) an hour spent in a traffic jam, say, this morning? Do youlight one cigarette after another? Do you sound the horn every few seconds like the otherneurotics? Or do you take a different 4) and withstand the stressful moment; you can also

do a crossword puzzle, listen to your favourite music or even compose a menu for your Saturdaydinner?

In fact, whatever 5) you respond to the annoying situation, you can exert no impact on it

as the traffic jam will only reduce in due course Nevertheless, your reaction might considerablyinfluence your 6) for the rest of the day The inability to confront a stressful occurrencelike that with a deal of composure and sensibility adds much more strain to your life and in thisway puts your well-being in 7) Surprisingly, it's the seemingly negligible hardships westumble on daily that run double the risk of developing serious health disorders rather than ourisolated tragedies however 8) they may be

9) that so many of those wretched stress-inducing troubles affect us in a day, we should,

at 10) , try to avoid them or possibly make radical alterations in the way we lead our dailylifestyles

In the remaining countries, the discrimination against the disabled is still practised in many areas

of social life As in the past, they are ignored, denounced and forced to stay away from thenormal community which, unfortunately, isn’t capable of making any 3) for its less fitmembers

For decades, the hale and hearty 4) of every society has stripped the disabled of theirfundamental rights as their job applications have been turned down, their active participation inbusiness life has on most 5) been disallowed and there has been little concern for theirconvenience in access to public transport Equally little effort has been made to help the disabledfully 6) with the able-bodied thus laying foundations for greater community awareness ofthe drawbacks that the handicapped have to wrestle 7) daily

There’s an urgent need to offer the disabled more adequate assistance and support in theirstruggle for putting their basic rights into 8) The key principle is that the stereotypedapproach towards the impaired individuals ought to be 9) for a more considerate one.Another pressing matter is that the disabled shouldn’t be appraised on the basis of their handicap,but society should rather focus on providing them with complete acceptance 10) of anyimperfections thus treating them as fully-fledged citizens

Some traits of character may to some extent be 4) simulating the attributes that identifyour parents Others may stem from the conditions 5) during pregnancy and infancy inthis way reflecting the parents’ approach towards rearing their offspring Consequently, theenvironmental 6) plays a crucial role in strengthening or eliminating certain behaviouralsystems making an individual more 7) to comfort to the patterns that deserve a prize.Undoubtedly, human personality 8) the most profound and irreversible formation duringthe first period of its development, 9) , certain characteristics may still be 10) toconsiderable changes conditioned by different circumstances and situations.

2) than staying in front of the TV set, spending time in a pub sipping alcoholic beverages

or consuming excessive quantities of fattening confectionery in a cafe What usually repelsindividuals from committing 3) to strenuous exercise is the fear of fatigue, discomfort oreven the inhibitions of being 4) by true fitness zealots

However, getting fit is fully a 5) of common sense Different forms of exercise may be ofgreat benefit to the human body, increasing its strength, flexibility and endurance Whensupported by a nutritious 6) , much better performance of the heart and the lungs improvesthe blood circulation making an individual more 7) to stressful situations as well as more

In the first place, self-discipline that is requisite for proceeding with 9) physical effortought to be attained to ensure that the intention of becoming healthier and more vigorous isn’t10) by any trivial impediments

One possible implementation of the art of voice recognition is voice profiling used by policeanalysts as a method of substantiating court 4) in trials Every year thousands of

audiotapes with recorded interviews or casual utterances are 5) to the purpose to helpidentify the probable culprit Specialists dealing with the voice investigation claim that peoplecan 6) themselves away by their accents, infections or other voice attributes like pitch,intensity and loudness A recorded sample is usually converted into electric impulses and latertransformed into a pictorial recording which is 7) by a computer program Veryfrequently voice analysts have a stab at deciphering the relevant information which may be8) with background noise or other interfering sounds until they attain the desired results Thankfully, these efforts help the police 9) individuals who threaten their victim byphone or inform about bomb planting or those who make offensive calls 10) the peace ofdecent citizens.

Dreams are known to be connected to the 2) mind and the stage of sleep at which theyoccur is 3) by rapid-eye-movement (REM), when an observer might see a sleeper’seyelids ‘fluttering’ Although our dreams may last for up to half an hour, we can rarely 4) them clearly and usually, within moments of waking, find it difficult to bring them to mind at all.The significance of dreams can be 5) in many different ways Freud, renowned as thefather of psychoanalysis, believed that dreams are manifestations of our most profound desires

and anxieties He claimed to be able to 6) an individual’s subconscious through dreamsand demonstrated a connection between dreams and repressed childhood 7) .

The ancient Egyptians noted their dreams on papyrus as people who experienced vivid dreamswere considered to have a kind of 8) sense They believed that dreams 9) oracles,bringing messages from the gods; thus they would attempt to deliberately evoke dreams, going tosanctuaries to sleep on special dream beds This is not something which modern scientists wouldhold with, but perhaps we should keep an 10) mind!

Unfortunately, the 10) of ADHD is still unknown, but as it is becoming more and morecommon in students today, constant research is being carried out

June 8 th is World Oceans Day – an idea instituted by the United Nations to celebrate and protect

our natural heritage Just as our own central nervous 1) controls every part of our body,

so the oceans control every part of our planet They regulate climate, weather and ecosystems.Unfortunately, human activities have led to pollution and the destruction of marine habitats.Another result of human 2) in the natural environment is climate change with itsaccompanying extreme weather 3) A rise in greenhouse gas emissions has led to anincrease in global temperatures and as a consequence sea levels have risen Plastic pollution isalso a big issue

In 2016, as 4) of World Oceans Day, thousands of people took part in ‘the better bagchallenge’ and promised to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones 80 per cent of plasticrubbish 5) on land ends up in the sea, usually washed there via 6) – where riversempty into the sea You may have seen such debris washed up onto your local beach at low7) Most plastic bags are made of polyethene – a 8) compound which is notbiodegradable Plastic bags break down into tiny visible 9) , which are ingested by fishand marine mammals ‘The better bag challenge’ aims to halt this devastating process and givenew 10) to our oceans

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2 intervention

3 conditions

We are familiar (0) with the saying “a picture paints a thousand words” and in the global village

the world has become, information in pictorial form is (1) _we turn Much communicationtakes place through symbols rather than words, a case in point (2) airports, where youcan see the majority of the thirty-four symbols devised (3) the American Institute ofGraphic Arts in the 1970s Such signs as a knife and fork for a restaurant or a telephone for aphone booth are a boon for (4) _ a traveller who does not speak English or use the Latinalphabet (5) _ worldwide "languages" of this kind are musical and mathematicalnotation, circuit diagrams, road signs and computer icons, (6) , again, bypass the need forwords Even a label on a garment will carry, in symbols, washing and ironing instructions Allthese (7) to be sufficient to their (8) restricted worlds but would it really bepossible to devise a universal symbolic system of communication independent of any spokenlanguage, culture-free and value-free, as dreamt of by the seventeenth-century philosopherLeibniz? It would seem (9) Chinese and Japanese pictograms and ancient Egyptian

hieroglyphics are sometimes cited as examples of such a system, yet both Japanese script and

Egyptian hieroglyphics include sound-based elements and Chinese is often transliterated(10) romanised sound-based "pinyin" script In a word, words are inescapable

Exericse 15.

A few decades ago, entry to university meant studying a strictly academic subject -a science, orperhaps literature, a foreign language or the classics These days, (1) educationestablishments offer every conceivable subject from Chinese medicine to crime scene science InBritain, this trend coincided with a dramatic increase in the (2) of universities andmore relaxed entry requirements, (3) more students to experience tertiary education

Many feared these measures would result in a (4) down of degree-level courses andthe press seized every opportunity to ridicule such courses The creation in 1999 of a bachelor’sdegree in surfing studies was taken as the ultimate proof that universities were prepared to give

(5) _ in anything in an attempt to attract young people, thereby (6) _Britain’s

academic reputation In reality, the course, run by Plymouth University in South-West England,

is highly scientific, and the curriculum is (7) _ including oceanography, meteorology,materials technology and business management Students on this course and other seeminglymore practical courses have (8) performed better in tests than those doing straightscience degrees Far from having an adverse effect on higher education, these new disciplines

(9) _ students and aid learning by offering the opportunity to (10) _theoretical

knowledge directly Many of today’s graduates have a broad base of knowledge and are wellplaced to enter the job market

Crocodiles sometimes hunt in an active way, but they are better known for ambush hunting, alsocalled the “sit and wait” 4) Once a crocodile detects the 5) of prey, on the bank ofthe river, for example, it will sleep silently under the water and swim until it is very close to itstarget Its head then emerges and it lunges with jaws wide 6) The jaws then slam shut