thuvienhoclieu com thuvienhoclieu com Unit 9 PRESEVING THE ENVIRONMENT ( Bảo vệ môi trường) VOCABULARY 1) aquatic /əˈkwætɪk/(adj) dưới nước, sống ở trong nước 2) article /ˈɑːtɪkl/(n) bài báo 3) awaren[.]
Trang 1Unit 9: PRESEVING THE ENVIRONMENT
( Bảo vệ môi trường) VOCABULARY
1) aquatic /əˈkwætɪk/(adj): dưới nước, sống ở trong nước
2) article /ˈɑːtɪkl/(n): bài báo
3) awareness /əˈweə.nəs/ (n): sự nhận thức
4) chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ (n)/ (adj): hóa chất, hóa học
5) confuse /kənˈfjuːz/(v): làm lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn
6) confusion /kənˈfjuːʒn/ (n): sự lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn
7) consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ (n): sự tiêu thụ, tiêu dùng
8) contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ (v): làm bẩn, nhiễm
9) control /kənˈtrəʊl/ (v): kiểm soát
10) damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/(v): làm hại, làm hỏng
11) deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/(n) : sự phá rừng
12) degraded /dɪˈɡreɪd/ (adj): giảm sút chất lượng
13) deplete /dɪˈpliːt/ (v) : làm suy yếu, cạn kiệt
14) depletion/dɪˈpliːʃn/ (n): sự suy yếu, cạn kiệt
15) destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ (n): sự phá hủy, tiêu diệt
16) ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ (n): hệ sinh thái
17) editor /ˈedɪtə(r)/ (n) : biên tập viên
18) environmental impact (n.phr): tác động môi trường
19) erosion /ɪˈrəʊ.ʒən/ (n): sự xói mòn
20) fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ (n): phân bón
21) fossil fuel (n.phr): nhiên liệu hóa thạch (làm từ sự phân hủy của động vật hay thực vật tiền sử)22) global warming /ˈɡləʊblˈwɔːmɪŋ/(n.phr): sự nóng lên toàn cầu
23) greenhouse effect /ˈɡriːnhaʊsɪˈfekt/ (n.phr): hiệu ứng nhà kính
24) influence (v,n): ảnh hưởng, tác dụng
25) influence on: ảnh hưởng lên
26) inorganic /ˌɪnɔːˈɡænɪk/(adj): vô cơ
27) long-term /ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/ (adj): dài hạn, lâu dài
28) mass-media /ˌmæs ˈmiːdiə/(n.phr): thông đại chúng
29) material /məˈtɪə.ri.əl/ (n): chất liệu
30) pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/(n): thuốc trừ sâu
31) polar ice melting/ˈpəʊlə(r)aɪsˈmeltɪŋ/ : sự tan băng ở địa cực
32) pollute /pəˈluːt/(v): gây ô nhiễm
33) pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ (n): chất ô nhiễm
34) pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ (n): sự ô nhiễm
35) preserve/prɪˈzɜːv/ (y): giữ gìn, bảo tồn
36) preservation /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/(n): sự bảo tồn, duy trì
37) protect /prəˈtekt/ (v): bảo vệ, che chở
38) protection /prəˈtekʃn/ (n): sự bảo vệ, che chở
39) sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ (n) : nước cống
40) solution /səˈluːʃn/(n): giải pháp, cách giải quyết
41) threat /θret/ (n): đe dọa
42) vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/(n): cây cỏ, thực vật
GRAMMAR
*REPORTED SPEECH ( LỜI NÓI TƯỜNG THUẬT, GIÁN TIẾP)
Trang 21 Definition
Lời nói gián tiếp là lời nói thuật lại ý của người nói, thông tin đi từ người thứ nhất qua người thứ hai đến người thứ ba Trong lời nói gián tiếp thì cấu trúc câu có sự biến đổi về mặt ngữ pháp
E.g
Trực tiếp: He said,”I am a student.”
Gián tiếp: He said (that) he was a student
2 Types of sentences in reported speech ( các loại câu trong lời nói gián tiếp)
a Statements ( Câu kể/ Câu trần thuật)
Câu trần thuật là kiểu câu dùng để kể, xác nhận, miêu tả, thông báo, nhận định, trình bày về những hiện tượng, những hoạt động, trạng thái, tính chất trong thực tế
E.g: “Mary said,” I am watching TV”
- Khi chuyển một câu trần thuật trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thì chúng ta phải thực hiện như sau:
+ Dùng động từ say hoặc tell:
S + say/ say to sb/ tell sb (that) + S + ……
Form:
+ Đổi các đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, … sao cho tương ứng với mệnh đề chính
E.g:
Trực tiếp: Nga said,”I am reading books.”
Gián tiếp: Nga said (that) she was reading books
Trực tiếp: She said, “My brother is a doctor”
Gián tiếp: She said (that) her brother was a doctor
+ Thay đổi “thì” của động từ
- “thì” của động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi thì:
S + said/ said to sb/ told sb (that) + S + V( lùi thì )…
Form
Saul đây là bảng chỉ sự thay đổi “thì” của động từ trong lời nói Gián tiếp
Trang 3Lời nói trực tiếp ( Direct speech) Lời nói gián tiếp ( Reported speech)
Hiện tại đơn
He said, “I work in a bank.”
Quá khứ đơn-> He said (that) he worked in a bank
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
Nam said, I am talking to my brother.”
Quá khứ tiếp diễn-> Nam said (that) he was talking to his brother
Hiện tại hoàn thành
Mr Ha said, “ I have bought a computer.”
Quá khứ hoàn thành-> Mr Ha said (that) he had bought a computer
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
He said, “I have been waiting for you for 2 hours.”
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn-> Ha said (that) he/ she had been waiting for me for
2 hours
Quá khứ đơn
She said, “ I did the exercise.”
Quá khứ hoàn thành-> She said (that) she had done the exercise
Tương lai đơn
She said, “I did the exercise.”
Tương lai trong quá khứ-> My mother said (that) she would visit Hue city
Tương lai tiếp diễn
He said, “I will be sitting at the café.”
Tương lai tiếp diễn trong quá khứ-> He said (that) he would be sitting at the café
Tương lai gần ( Is/ am/ are going to do)
They said, “ We are going to build a new house.”
Was/ were going to do-> They said (that) they were going to build a new house
Trang 4He said, “ I must do my homework.” -> He said (that) he had to do his homework.
+ Thay đổi tính từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Lời nói trực tiếp ( Direct speech) Lời nói gián tiếp ( Reported speech )
The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two day’s time
E.g:
Trực tiếp: She said, “ I saw him here in this room yesterday.”
Gián tiếp: She said (that) she had seen him there in that room the day before/ the previous day.Ngoài quy tắc chung trên đây thì cần nhớ rằng tình huống thật và thời gian khi hành động được thuật lại đóng vai trò rất quan trọng trong khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp
*Note:
- “should, ought to, would” giữ nguyên trong lời nói gián tiếp
- Động từ “tell” phải có tân ngữ
E.g: She told me that he was a student.
- Động từ “say” có thể có tân ngữ hoặc không Nếu muốn đề cập đến người nghe, ta dùng “to”
E.g: She said to me that she was doing the housework.
Trang 5b Questions ( câu hỏi )
Câu hỏi được chia làm loại:
+ Yes/ No questions ( câu hỏi yes/ No ):
- Câu hỏi yes/ no là loại câu hỏi được trả lời bằng yes/ no
E.g
Are you a doctor?
Does he live here?
- Để chuyển một hỏi yes/ no từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thì chúng ta làm theo cấu trúc sau:
S1 + asked + (O) + IF/ WHETHER + S2 + V (lùi thì)….
- Tân ngữ sau động từ “ask” có thể có hoặc không
E.g
Trực tiếp: Miss Nga said, “Are you a foreigner?”
Gián tiếp: Miss Nga asked (me) if/ whether I was a foreigner
Trực tiếp: “Does John understand music? He asked
Gián tiếp: He asked (me) if/ whether John understood music
+ WH - questions ( Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi )
- Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi là loại câu hỏi mà người hỏi muốn biết thêm thông tin và cần được giải đáp.
E.g
What are you doing now?
Where did you go yesterday?
- Để chuyển câu hỏi có từ để hỏi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thì chúng ta làm theo cấu trúc sau:
S1 + asked + (O) + WH - (when, where, how….) + S2 + V ( lùi thì )…
E.g
Trực tiếp: “ What is your name?” He asked
Gián tiếp: He asked (me) what my name was
Trang 6Don’t smoke in the room.
- Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you + S + V … ? ( Chỉ yêu cầu lịch sự )
E.g: Can you lend me some books? ( Bạn có thể cho tôi mượn một vài quyển sách được không ?)
Để chuyển câu hỏi có từ để hỏi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thì chúng ta làm theo cấu trúc sau:
S + told/ asked/ ordered + O + (not) + to V +…….
E.g
Trực tiếp: The teacher said to students ‘ Close the door, please”
Gián tiếp: The teacher asked/ told students to close the door
Note: Trong câu mệnh lệnh thì bắt buộc phải có tân ngữ ( người nghe ) nên chúng ta cần tìm tân ngữ
trong câu
Các cách để tìm tân ngữ:
- Đối với những câu mà đề bài đã cho sẵn thì ta chỉ việc lấy đó mà sử dụng
E.g
Trực tiếp: Lan said to Hung: “Open your book.” ( Hung là tân ngữ )
Gián tiếp: Lan told/ asked Hung to open his book
- Đối với những câu mà người nghe được đặt ở vị trí cuối câu ( có dấu phẩy trước người nghe) thì ta lấy
đó sử dụng
Trang 7Trực tiếp: “ Help me clean the house, Nga” Said Hung ( Nga là tân ngữ )
Gián tiếp: Hung asked Told nga to help her clean the house
- Đối với những câu mà không có người nghe được nhắc đến phía ngoài dấu ngoặc và không tìm thấy ở cuối câu thì ta xem xét phía trước người nói có tính từ sở hữu hay không Nếu có thì ta lấy đó làm tân ngữ
E.g
Trực tiếp: Her mother said: “Don’t talk loudly in the room.” ( mẹ của cô ấy => người nghe là cô
ấy, tân ngữ là her)
Gián tiếp: Her mother asked/ told her not to talk loudly in the room
- Đối với những câu mà không thể tìm được tân ngữ theo 3 cách trên thì dùng “me” ( tôi ) làm tân ngữ ( người nghe )
E.g
Trực tiếp: Lan said:”Go home work.”
Gián tiếp: Lan asked/ told me to go home then
D Một số trường hợp không thay đổi “thì” của động từ
- Động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại đơn ( say/ says ), hiện tại tiếp diễn ( is/ are saying ); hiện tại hoàn thành “ ( have said/ has said ); tương lai đơn ( will say )
Trực tiếp: Tom says, “ I am fine “
Gián tiếp: Tom says he is fine ( Tom nói anh ấy khỏe )
- Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên
Trực tiếp: He said, “ The sun rises in the East.”
Gián tiếp: He said ( that ) the sun sises in the East
- Lời nói trực tiếp là các câu điều kiện loại II và III
Trực tiếp: “ If I were you, I would meet her” he said
Gián tiếp: He said that if he were me, he would meet her
- Lời nói trực tiếp là cấu trúc “ Wish + past simple/ past perfect”
Trực tiếp: “ I wish I lived in Ho Chi Minh City”, she said
Gián tiếp: She said she wished he lived in Ho Chi Minh City
- Cấu trúc “ It’s time the children went to school”, she said
Trang 8Gián tiếp: She said it was time the children went to school.
- Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ khiếm khuyết ( could/ would/ should/ might/ ought to/ had better/ used to….)
Trực tiếp: Miss Lan said, “ you should study hard.”
Gián tiếp: Miss Lan said I should study hard
*BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN - ANSWER KEY Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1 The stranger asked me where I from
2 Ms Nga wanted to know what time
A the movie began B the movie begins
C does the movie begin D did the movie begin
3 Mary said she ……… there the day before
4 Mai asked Quang ……
A when he will come back B when he would come back
C when he comes back D when he is coming back
5 She told me _ her up at six o’clock
A please pick B to pick C should pick D I can pick
6 He said that He and his friend _ married
A were getting/ tomorrow B are getting/ the next day
C were getting/ the next day D will get/ the day after
7 He asked me when _ there
A did I arrive B will I arrive C I had arrived D I can arrive
8 The teacher said, “ I didn’t see her.” -> The teacher said her
A he had seen B I hadn’t seen C he didn’t see D he hadn’t seen
9 I wondered _ the right thing
Trang 9A If I am doing B was I doing
10 Tom _ that his mother was in hospital
A told me B told to me C said me D asked me
Bài 2: Change the statements into reported speech.
1 “She works in a bank”
He said She worked in a bank _
2 “ We went out last night”
She told me _they had gone out the previous night _
3 “I’m coming!”
He said _he was coming _
4 “ I’d never been there before”
She said _she had never been there before _
5 “ I didn’t go to the party “
He told me he hadn’t gone to the party _
6 “My mother will come later”
She said _her mother would come later
7 “ He hasn’t eaten breakfast”
She told me _he hadn’t eaten breakfast
8 “ You should go to bed early “
She told me _i should go to bed early _
Bài 3: Change the questions into reported speech.
1 “ What are you going to do at the weekend?’
He asked me what I was you going to do at the weekend .
2 “Where will you work after graduation?”
He asked me where I would work after graduation .
3 “How was the journey?”
He asked me _ How the journey had been .
Trang 104 “Do you live in Hanoi?”
She asked me if I lived in HN _.
5 “Did he arrive on time?”
She asked me if I had arrived on time _.
Bài 4: Change the requests into reported speech.
1 “Please help me carry this suitcase”
She asked me _to help her carry this suitcase _.
2 “Please come early”
She asked me _to come early .
3 “Could you please open the window?”
She asked me if I could open the window .
4 “Do your homework!”
She told me _ to do my homework _.
5 “Don’t be late!”
She told me _not to be late _.
Bài 5: Change the sentences into reported speech
1 Lan said “ Can you sing a song?” 🡪 lan asked me if I could sing a song
2 Miss Hoa asked Hung, “Where did you go last weeks?”
Miss Hoa asked Hung where he had gone the previous week
3 Mr Nam said, “ I am taking the IELTS test tomorrow.”
Mr Nam said he was taking the IELTS test the following day
4 My mother said, “ I didn’t have a computer last year.”
My mother said that she hadn’t had a computer the previous year
5 The teacher said, “ You must do your homework yourself.”
The teacher told me I had to do my homework myself
6 Mary said, “ I want to be a writer when I grow up.”
Mary said she wanted to be a writer when she grew up
7 My mother said, “you should go to bed early.”
Trang 118 Lan asked, “ Do many tourists visit Ha Long Bay every year, Mai?.”
9 Mrs Linh said “ She will spend my holiday in Da Lat next month”
10 Tom told us, “ I do not understand what you are saying.”
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 6: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1 Jylia said that she there at noon
A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be
2 He _that he was leaving way that afternoon
3 She said to me that she to me the Sunday before
4 I _him to sell that old motorbike
recommended
5 My parents reminded me the flowers
6 I asked Martha to enter law school
7 Nam wanted to know what time
A does the movie begin B did the movie begin
8 I wondered the right thing
A whether I was doing B if I am doing
9 The scientist said the earth the sun
Trang 1210 Peter said that if he rich, he _ a lot.
C had been - would have travelled D was - will travel
Bài 7: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction.
1 I (A) asked him how far (B) was it from my school to post office (C) if I went there (D) by taxi
2 They asked me (A) that I (B) could do (C) some shopping (D) with them
3 Her mother (A) ordered her (B) do not go out with (C) him the day (D) before
4 She said (A) that the book (B) in the library (C) would be available (D) tomorrow
5 He (A) advised her (B) thinking about that example (C) again because it needed (D) correcting
Bài 8: Complete the sentence into reported speech.
1 “Open the door,”he said to them
-> He told them to open the door _.
2 “Where are you going?” he asked her
-> He asked her where she was going .
3 “Which way did they go?” he asked
-> He asked me which way they had gone _.
4 “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her
-> I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit .
5 “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us
-> She told us not to try to open it then _.
6 “Is it going to be fine day today?” I asked her
-> I asked her if it was going to be fine that day .
7 “He’s not at home”, she says
-> She says that he was not at home .
8 “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked
-> The girl wanted to know _if the bus station was far away .
9 “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said
-> Tom told Ann not to stay out late .
Trang 1310 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her.
-> He asked _ her to let him borrow her car _.
Bài 9: Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence given.
1 “Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight?” they said to me
-> They invited _me to go to the movies with them that night _.
2 To do this test was difficult
-> It was _ difficult to do this test _.
3 The last time Bill met Tom was in 2010
-> Bill hasn’t _met Tom since 2010 _.
4 Ms, Smith is proud of her son’s contribution to the play
-> Ms Smith is proud of what her son can contribute/ contributed to the play .
5 I had to cancel the birthday party because my grandmother is seriously ill
-> I had to cancel _ the birthday party because of grandmother’s serious illness _.
Bài 10 Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence given using the words in the brackets.
1 “I haven’t been home this evening, Mary” said Bill (told)
-> Bill _ told Mary that he hadn’t been home that evening _.
2 I haven’t seen my sister for 5 years (since)
-> It’s _5 years since I last saw my sister .
3 My book was published last year It became a best seller (that)
-> My book, which was published last year , became a best seller _.
4 “ I’ll pick you up at 7:00, Kate” said Mark (promised)
-> Mike promised to pick kate up at 7.00_.
5 The bad was found later The robbers put the money in it (in)
-> The bag in which the robbers put the money was found later _.
TEST 1
A PHONETICS
Trang 14I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined
1 A government B borrowing C program D promotion
3 A possession B access C property D American
II Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others
1 A protection B charity C chemical D neighbourhood
2 A submarine B assignment C disposal D depletion
3 A chemical B solution C disposal D erosion
4 A scientist B chemical C injury D announcement
5 A evidence B principle C allergy D awareness
B VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
I Change into the reported speech
1 He said “I have already read this book”
He said that he had already read that book.
2 Tom said to his sister “I want to buy a gift for our mother”
Tom told his sister that he wanted to buy a gift for thier mother.
3 Mrs Brown said “Where are they living?"
Mrs Brown asked where they were living.
4 “Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said
Tom asked me if I knew the girl over there.
5 Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?”
Mother told Nam not to go to bed.
6 “May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor
My neighbor asked me to use my telephone.
7 The manager said “Come into my office, please?
The manager asked to come in to his office.
Trang 158 “Do not get off the bus while it's going” said the driver.
The driver asked us not to get off the bus while it was going.
9 She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!”
She told the little boy to take a look at himself in the mirror.
10 “Don't put your elbow on the table!” he said
He asked me not to put my elbow on the table.
II Put the correct word for the sentences below.
1 The greenhouse effect _ occurs when the earth's atmosphere traps certain gases such as
carbon dioxide as well as water vapour This makes the earth's surface warmer
2 Damage is harm or injury that makes something less valuable or able to function.
3 To preserve is to keep and protect something from damage, change or waste
4 Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fuel oil and natural gas
formed from dead plants and animals underground
5 _ Global warming is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth's surface due to
greenhouse effect
6 Depletion is the using up or reducing something like energy or resources
7 To _pollute _ is to make air, water, or soil dirty or unclean.
8 Deforestation _ is the removal or cutting down of all trees in an area for urban use and farm
lands
III Choose the correct words in the bracket to complete the sentences.
1 Scientists have tried to assess the impact of human activities on the environment .
2 We should have forestation plans to replace the trees cut down for farmland use in the
Trang 165 The students are somewhat confused _ by the usage of the words “preservation” and
“conservation”
6 Many climatologists believe that the decline in mountain glaciers is one of the first observation signs
of _global warming
7 Rising sea levels can add to the _ erosion _ of our coastlines
8 Waste water has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist attraction _, damaging the
flora and fauna
IV Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line
1 In banana plantations, flooding occurs partly because of deforestation
and partly because of poorly constructed drainage systems.
2 African and Asian elephant numbers feel dramatically in the 19th and
20th centuries, _largely _ due to the ivory trade and habitat loss.
3 The environmental consequences of large dams are numerous,
including direct impacts to the biological, chemical and
_physical properties of rivers.
4 In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and attractive
natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem.
5 Unlike pesticides, fertilizers _ are not directly toxic but
their presence in fresh water changes the nutrient system
6 _Erosion _ caused by deforestation can also lead to increased
9 Experts predict that the world's rain forests could completely disappear
in 100 years at the current rate of deforestation _.
10 Mining is an extractive industry, often with huge
Trang 17V Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences
1 Jack asked me
A where do you come from? B where I came from
C where I come from D where did I come from?
2 She asked me I liked pop music
3 The doctor him to take more exercise
4 I wanted to know return home
A when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would
5 Claire told me that her father a race horse
6 What did that man say ?
7 I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it raining there
8 The builders have that everything will be ready on time
A promised B promise C promises D promising
9 The doctor him to take more exercise
10 The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed She explained she'd been on holiday the week
11 Fossil fuels which are non-renewable pollute the air and cause air
A pollution B solution C contaminate D consumption
12 Recycling provides a method of reducing the amount of waste materials that gets to the landfills - thus it less probable for environmental pollution to take place
Trang 1813 If wastes are thrown , they can cause pollution in water, land and air
A inappropriately B disappointingly C eco-friendly D favourably
14 Trees not only bring nature to urban areas, but they also help clean the air by absorbing pollutants, oxygen, water, and grow food
A to provide - to save B to provide - save C providing - saving D provide - save
15 Air pollution is such a serious that it has been a direct factor in the of millions of people each year
A threat - death B threat - deaths C threaten - death D threaten - deaths
16 Sometimes it's better not to buy something new, and buy it instead
17 He asked the children the river
A don't pollute B if they don't pollute C not to pollute D not polluting
18 They asked me how many students in the school
A there were B were there C there are D are there
19 He told me that
A he would participate in the conservation campaign yesterday
B he had participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
C he participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
D he has participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
20 He asked, “Why did she write the article on conservation?”
He asked why
A she had written the article on conservation B she has written the article on conservation
C she wrote the article on conservation D did she write the article on conservation
VI Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence correct
1 The (A) deplete of the ozone layer (B) is not (C) a good thing (D) for the Earth → depletion
2 We (A) need (B) to protect the (C) environmental for the (D) next generation → environment
3 Deforestation will lead (A) to the extinction of rare (B) animal due to the loss of (C) their habitats, and (D) extreme floods and land erosion → animals
Trang 194 (A) Worldwide rainforest (B) preserve has (C) been the aim (D) of many environmentalists →
preservation
5 (A) Person should (B) make efforts to preserve the environment (C) for the sake of (D) themselves and
their children → People
6 Environmental (A) pollute is (B) one of the greatest and most urgent (C) problems in modern (D) times → pollution
7 Many countries (A) have signed up to international agreements (B) which aim (C) to reduce the negative (D) impaction of climate change → impact
8 (A) Any amateur (B) gardener knows (C) plantation need two things (D) to survive : sunlight and
water → plants
C READING
I Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage Use only one word in each space.
words, protecting biodiversity is essential for our well-being, and biodiversity helps to (4)
_balance the nature.
Biodiversity is an important part of sustainable development As we know, sustainable
development is considered as a major target for industry as well as planning system However, the only
(5) way _ to achieve this target is to protect biodiversity Tiny plants that grow also absorb large (6) amount _ of carbon dioxide That is why protecting diversity is essential.
In fact, biodiversity protection is very much important since biodiversity is a fundamental
component of (7) _life on Earth It creates complex (8) ecosystems that could never be reproduced by humans The (9) _value of that biodiversity is immeasurable, and thus must be
protected Finally, we both want and need biodiversity We continue harming the natural environment
without realizing the impact We should be aware (10) of _ protecting biodiversity
II Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage
World Environment Day which is (1) on 5th June every year in an important day in the calendar of the United Nations It is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate for
environmental (2) and call for political action
Trang 20Every year, UNEP (the Environment Program of the United Nations) develops a theme which is used globally to raise (3) and call for support from governments, organizations, and individuals from all over the world.
The theme for 2015 was "Seven Billion Dreams One Planet Consume with Care” This would also serve as the slogan for the World Environmental Day 2015 The meeting of this theme and slogan is that we have five (4) with more than seven billion people combined Although we have about 7 billion people, we just have one planet that we live and survive The surface area is limited, shelter and food also limited If we continue using the available natural (5) as we do today, our future
generations may be (6) to go hungry and without homes This is why it is of vital importance to consume (7) food that is available with care Stop the wastage and use whatever resource that is available according to need, not greed
“Join the race to make the world a better place” is the theme and (8) for 2016 UN World Environment Day This slogan (9) a clear message and asks everyone to get involved (10) making the world a better place to live in
2 A experience B protection C decrease D pollution
3 A feature B activity C ability D awareness
4 A areas B continents C plants D stars
5 A sources B resources C balances D increase
9 A requests B asks C carries D depends
D WRITING
I Change into the reported speech
1 Mr Jones gave the people gloves and said to them: "Protect yourselves from germs."
Mr Jones gave the people gloves and told them to protect themselves from germs.
2 Nam said, "The environment is severely affected by pollution."
Nam said (that) the environment was severely affected by pollution.
3 Mai said, "The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution."
Mai said (that) the burning of fossil fuels led to air pollution.
Trang 214 Peter said, "Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil contaminated."
Peter said (that) intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil
contaminated.
5 "It's confusing because there are too many web pages about the environment" Nam said
Nam said that it was confusing because there were too many web pages about the environment.
6 "Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect" scientists said
Scientists said that air pollution was one of the causes of the greenhouse effect.
7 "Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood" Nam said
Nam said that pollution was one of the problems in his neighbourhood.
8 "More people are aware of the preservation of natural resources" the editor said
The editor said that more people were aware of the preservation of natural resources.
9 "We are discussing the protection of the natural environment" the students told their teacher
The students told their teacher that they were discussing the protection of the natural
environment.
10 "Use the web search engine to find the information that you need" Nam's father told him
Nam’s father told him to use the web search engine to find the information that he needed.
II Change into the reported speech
1 Mr Jones was very sad and said "All this rubbish is killing fish and other sea creatures."
Mr Jones was very sad and said that all that rubbish was killing fish and other sea creatures.
2 "We can clean the beach together." said Nick
Nick said that they could clean the beach together.
3 "I'll ask our friends and neighbours to come and help us" Mary said to them
Mary told them that she would ask their friends and neighbours to come and help them.
4 "I'm so happy to hear that, children" Mr Jones said to his children
Mr Jones told his children that he was so happy to hear that.
5 Tony said "The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water pollution."
Tony said (that) the disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans led to water pollution.
6 Mary said "Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway nearby cause noise pollution."