Ont wifi installation and troubleshoot guide

Contents1Purpose2Introduction to WiFi technology2.1About the IEEE 802.11 Standard2.2About the 2.4 GHz WiFi Band2.3About the 5 GHz WiFi Band2.4Antenna Characteristics3ONT’s WiFi installation3.12.4 GHz Interference Sources3.1.1CoChannel interference3.1.2Neighboring channel interference3.1.3Non802.11 interference3.2WiFi attenuation3.3Instruction on installation of ONT3.4Instruction for installing anten angle4Expanding WiFi coveragereach4.1WiFi Bridges4.2Wireless Repeaters or Extenders5Troubleshooting WiFi performance5.1Tools and techniques to indentify the WiFi issues5.1.1Ping to some application server5.1.2WiFi network analyzer5.2Solution5.2.1Verifying the ONT’s position and Antenna orientation5.2.2Checking the RF environment5.2.3Priority consideration6Glossary of terms

Robert_Cuong

Wi-Fi installation and troubleshoot

Client Guide

WiFi Basic knowledge

2-3-2023

Contents

1 Purpose 2

2 Introduction to Wi-Fi technology 2

2.1 About the IEEE 802.11 Standard 2

2.2 About the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Band 2

2.3 About the 5 GHz Wi-Fi Band 3

2.4 Antenna Characteristics 3

3 ONT’s Wi-Fi installation 4

3.1 2.4 GHz Interference Sources 4

3.1.1 Co-Channel interference 4

3.1.2 Neighboring channel interference 4

3.1.3 Non-802.11 interference 5

3.2 Wi-Fi attenuation 5

3.3 Instruction on installation of ONT 6

3.4 Instruction for installing anten angle 6

4 Expanding Wi-Fi coverage/reach 7

4.1 Wi-Fi Bridges 7

4.2 Wireless Repeaters or Extenders 7

5 Troubleshooting Wi-Fi performance 8

5.1 Tools and techniques to indentify the Wi-Fi issues 8

5.1.1 Ping to some application server 9

5.1.2 Wi-Fi network analyzer 9

5.2 Solution 9

5.2.1 Verifying the ONT’s position and Antenna orientation 10

5.2.2 Checking the RF environment 11

5.2.3 Priority consideration 12

6 Glossary of terms 12

1 Purpose

 Understanding the operation and limitations of wireless networks helps the user optimize the role of wireless networking in their home network

 Equip technical staff with knowledge and testing tools to provide best practices with respect to locating, setting up, and troubleshooting a wireless network with DASAN ONT products

 General introduction of Wifi technology, instructions to set the location of Wifi devices, guide to adjust Wifi antenna angle, guide to deploy Wifi device in some typical areas

2 Introduction to Wi-Fi technology

2.1 About the IEEE 802.11 Standard

 According to Wikipedia, "Wi-Fi, which stands for Wireless Fidelity or 802.11 network,

is a wireless network that uses radio waves, like cell phones, televisions and radios

 Current wifi technology uses two bands of 2.4Ghz and 5GHz with the following basic characteristics

2.2 About the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Band

 Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) makes use of 20 MHz wide channels in the 2.4 GHz band Working frequency from 2402Mhz to 2494Mhz range devided into 13 + 1 channels, that are spaced

5 MHz apart

 The width of each channel is 20 Mhz or 40 Mhz

 If we use 20Mhz channel width, there will be 3 channels that do not overlap Normally people will choose channels 1, 6 and 11 as shown below

2.3 About the 5 GHz Wi-Fi Band

 The 5 GHz frequency band has considerably more available spectrum than the 2.4 GHz band, and none of the 20 MHz-wide channels overlap, working frequency from 5170 Mhz

to 5845 Mhz range

 There are 23 x 20 Mhz channels; 11 x 40 Mhz channels; 5 x 80 Mhz channels

 The width of each channel is 20Mhz default, can expand the width of each channel up to 160Mhz as follows

2.4 Antenna Characteristics

 DASAN ONT use omnidirectional antenna with type of 5 dBi, which commonly used

indoors to provide coverage throughout an entire space

 Devices directly above or below the omnidirectional antenna may have a very weak signal or even be unable to detect the signal This is due to the primary signal being focused outwardly on a horizontal plane

3 ONT’s Wi-Fi installation

3.1 2.4 GHz Interference Sources

Most interference in wireless networks occurs in the 2.4 GHz band Follows is a partial

list of "interferers" and their relative effect on Wi-Fi signals

3.1.1 Co-Channel interference

 Whenever one transmitter’s signal overlaps another on a frequency or channel, the signals interfere with each other

 Wireless LAN devices must contend for use of the airtime; if nobody is transmitting at a given time, someone may use the channel

 When both transmitters are busy sending data, the channel can become very congested The two signals begin to interfere and cause data corruption, which causes devices to retransmit lost data, which uses more airtime

 Having at least 19-dB separation helps maintain a healthy signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the area surrounding the transmitter

3.1.2 Neighboring channel interference

 Suppose that two transmitters are placed on two different channels However, the channels are spaced too closely together such that they overlap each other

 No one is taking turns, and the transmissions of each of the radios simply trample the transmissions of the other The data transmission of both networks is seriously degraded

 For this reason co-channel interference is much preferable to overlapping channel interference

 In some cases, even adjacent (non-overlapping) channels may cause

interference if the adjacent signals are high enough that the receiver filter cannot eliminate

the interference

3.1.3 Non-802.11 interference

 In practice, such an elegant solution might not be possible Many non-802.11 devices do not sit on any one channel

3.2 Wi-Fi attenuation

 Physical obstruction interferences

 Attenuation and weak signals

 Note:

 Wi-Fi signal power at receiver >= -60 dBm is a guaranteed power level for good data transmission

 If signal < -60 dBm is a weak Wi-Fi power level, not guaranteed to transmit data

 Especially if the signal < -85 dBm, the transmition is unstable or some time disconnected

3.3 Instruction on installation of ONT

 Place ONT in the central location of the house or as close to areas of wifi clients as

possible (living room, bedroom, office )

 Place far from some Non-802.11 interference devices as microwave ovens, wireless mouse, speaker, TV, …

 Avoid some obstructions which make Wi-Fi signal loss much power as iron doors, aluminum door frames, fish tanks, brick/concrete walls

 Place at 1.5m high to get the strongest beam of Wi-Fi antenna Put the ONT on the floor

is the worst position, because then the wifi signal spread on the floor and met a lot of obstacles so that the receiver did not reach the main beam, only could access the reflection

3.4 Instruction for installing anten angle

 Antenna Angle = 900 helps the wave propagate in the

horizontal direction, it is suitable for homes with a floor

surface

 When set 1 antenna angle = 900 and the other angle = 00, which make wifi waves transmitted both horizontally and vertically with the need of coverage for both upper and lower floors

4 Expanding Wi-Fi coverage/reach

4.1 Wi-Fi Bridges

 House include a lot of floors, we can expand Wi-Fi coverage by adding Wireless access point to ONT via LAN cable (CAT5)

 Users typically enjoy increased performance, network simplicity, flexibility, control and can easily add more access point

 ONT can connect to Wan or Lan of access point:

 Via Wan: Lan’s network of access point which supply ip address to clients have different subnet mask with Wan network

 Via Lan: ONT supply ip address to clients connecting to ONT or access point, dhcp server of lan side of access point will be disable

4.2 Wireless Repeaters or Extenders

 Wireless repeater or extender is a device that receives the Wi-Fi signal from the Wi-Fi

enabled Router/Gateway, and retransmits it

 When a repeater is introduced into the network, transmissions will double and delays are potentially introduced

 Depending upon the capabilities of the repeater, it can use the same Service Set Identifier

(SSID) or a different SSID

 A single SSID may enhance the client's ability to roam from the extender to the

AP and back depending on movement of the client within the home

 When two SSID's are used some of the units that support a second SSID will use

a different channel for that second SSID the repeater must have dual radios The use of a second channel allows the repeater to receive and transmit

simultaneously and eliminates the halving of the bandwidth

5 Troubleshooting Wi-Fi performance

5.1 Tools and techniques to indentify the Wi-Fi issues

 To identify slow, unstable network due to Wi-Fi, use a laptop with two types of network cards: Wi-Fi and LAN

 To troubleshoot the internet problem, we have to find the problem come from where? Including Wi-Fi clients? Environment ? ONT ? Uplink network ? or Application server ?

 To get Wi-Fi interference, you should use some Wi-Fi application tool then take capture

of the environment

 Download the log file of ONT, so that we can analyze if any potential problem come from ONT Please get syslog of ONT as below step:

 Log in to ONT and go to Advanve Setup section

 Capture the ONT info: GPON SN, ONT version, …

 Follow path: Mainternance \ Logs \ System log and Download all Syslog in the box

"System log" on the right and save as file:

5.1.1 Ping to some application server

 Used to test the connection as well as the quality of the connection through the results of reply, round trip delay time

 Ping to ONT and Internet many times over both LAN and Wi-Fi Then calculate the average and record the test results (lost packet, average delay) in the following table: LAN to ONT LAN to Internet Wifi to ONT Wifi to Internet

 If A, B, C, D is almost equivalent: good network

 If A&B are equal, C&D is equivalent but A&B are much better than C&D: Need

to verify more about Wi-Fi part

 If both A&C are equal, B&D is equal but A&C is much better than B&D: Need to verify the Uplink network

5.1.2 Wi-Fi network analyzer

 You can download and use some of the wifi analysis software as:

 Wifi analyze on android phone

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.farproc.wifi.analyzer

 Acrylic Wifi Free on Windows

https://www.acrylicwifi.com/en/wlan-wifi-wireless-network-software-tools/wlan-scanner-acrylic-wifi-free/

 Wifi Explorer on MAC

http: // www adriangranados.com / apps / wifi-explorer

5.2 Solution

 To ensure the quality of the wifi signal, access points in the same area should run on different wifi channels to avoid interference and congestion that affects the signal

 Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the location of the AP and the Wi-Fi channel so that received power ensure:

 The radius of cell should be better than -67 dBm

 The distance between two Access Points from the radius of the area Its coverage

is more than 19 dBm

5.2.1 Verifying the ONT’s position and Antenna orientation

 AP get broken antenna or cable connect to the antenna and main board broken:

 When the measured signal strength wifi at a distance of 5m which received power

of the tester through tools or software at <= - 55 dBm, it is necessary to check the

AP hardware

 The simplest way is to use another working AP to check and compare

 Change the equipment well or adjust the AP position so that the signal level at the

location using wifi must always be better than -75 dBm

 Login to web UI of ONT, followed path: Advnace Setup / Status / Current Wireless

Users to see the Rx power, MAC address and Physical speed of Wi-Fi clients:

 When low transmit power setting:

 When setting a low transmit power level, the AP coverage area will be narrowed

and vice versa

 However, this should also be adjusted carefully for each specific cases If no

special condition, we should keep the factory default parameters

 Because the antenna direction is not optimal:

 Adjusting the direction of the antenna can also help expand the Wi-Fi coverage

better

 Usually the antenna needs to be raised high with the antenna opening angle of 45º

 Because the coverage area is too wide:

 An ONT can operate well with a distance of ≤ 10m or ≤ 20m without obstructions

 When need to use the internet via a Wi-Fi connection with a larger coverage area,

we should install an AP to expand the Wi-Fi coverage

 Because the position of the ONT is not optimal:

 Most common position is to use one or two thick walls, through concrete

 In this case, it is necessary to move the AP to a frequently used position, try to

create a direct view from the AP to the location using wifi If possible, keep the device in the center of the house

 A small number of cases are due to placing APs near microwave ovens, coreless

phones and transmitters using 2.4Ghz Wi-Fi frequency In this case, it is necessary

to move AP away from those devices

 Placing AP near large metal plates such as corrugated iron, corrugated walls also

affects signal quality

5.2.2 Checking the RF environment

 The noise and congestion of our Wi-Fi signal is usually due to the ONT being placed in

an environment with multiple operating APs or having other non-802.11 devices operating

on the same frequency

The spectrum of cases can be noisy or congested

 Most access points you cannot control because they are not under your control So you need to bring your ONT to the best channel possible to resolve the immediate error However, in order for the error to be completely solved, you need to coordinate with administrators of APs in the same area to implement some of the following solutions:

 The AP configuration works better on frequencies (channels) (less noise or

congestion) As above cases you can switch your ONT operating on channel 6 (congested) or 9 (jamming) to channel 1

 Adjust the optimal configuration, frequency planning for APs in the same area

avoid frequency overlap

 Adjust channel bandwidth of APs using 2.4Ghz from 40Mhz to 20Mhz Due to the

increase in bandwidth, the signal transmission speed can be doubled by doubling the signal carrier frequency However, in an environment with many AP operations Increasing the bandwidth not only increases the transmission speed but also reduces the speed and causes interference to other APs in the area

 Switch high bandwidth using as, LAN-connected devices such as Laptop, Smart

TV to wired network This helps to ensure the quality of services provided as well

as reduce the load for the Fi system, reserved bandwidth for devices with

Wi-Fi connection such as smart phones

 Use Wi-Fi frequency 5Ghz for devices that support standard 5Ghz As we know

the Wi-Fi network operates on 2.4Ghz frequency, only 3 signal channels do not overlap but Wi-Fi network operating at 5Ghz frequency has up to 23 signal channels not overlap so Wi-Fi system also better data transmission, thus can improve the quality of service and reduce the load on the overloaded 2.4Ghz

Wi-Fi system

5.2.3 Priority consideration

In fact, we have no control over all Access Points that are running in the area Therefore, it is difficult to adjust the Access Point parameters of others So we need to sequentially implement the most effective, most cost-effective options as follows:

Option 1 Switch devices with LAN interfaces (SmartTV, Laptop, .) to use

LAN cable

Option 2 When coverage is not guaranteed, an additional Access Point is

required

Option 3 Move our Access Points to run on the best wifi channel in the area Option 4 Deploy another Access Point running in 5GHz band in case all 3

channels of WiFi 1, 6 and 11 have unsatisfactory results However, it should be noted that the 5GHz band has a narrower coverage area than 2.4Ghz and some older phones do not support it

Option 5 If possible, you should contact all network administrators in the

planning area, redistribute the frequency and location of Access Points

so that they are optimal

6 Glossary of terms

L-STF

LTF

m

MAC

MAI

MAN

Mbps

MCS

MF

MFB

Non-HT (Legacy) Short Training field Long Training field

meters medium access control MRQ or ASEL indication metropolitan area networking megabit per second

modulation and coding scheme mixed format

MCS feedback MPEG

MRC

MRQ

Msample/s

MSB

MSDU

MSE

MSFI

MSI

NAV

NDP

NF

NLOS

nsec

OBO

OBSS

OFDM

OSI

PA

PAR

PAS

PC

PCF

PCO

PDU

PER

Moving Picture Experts Group maximal-ratio combining MCS request

mega-samples per second most significant bit MAC service data unit mean-square-error MCS feedback sequence identifier MCS request sequence identifier network allocation vector null data packet

noise figure non-line-of-sight nanosecond output back-off overlapping BSS orthogonal frequency division multiplexing open systems interconnection

power amplifier project authorization request power angular spectrum point coordinator point coordination function phased coexistence operation protocol data unit

packet error rate