Day dugc xem nhu mot Irong nhirng thach thirc Ion nhat doi vai cac quoc gia co mirc phdt thdi cao Irong vice thuc bien cac cam kel cat gidm miic phat thai quoc gia.... Theo lh6ng ke ciia
Trang 1H€ THONG BUON BAN PHRT THBI CUB U€N /VIINH CHRU BU
- CO CHC'l/NG PHO VOI SLT BICN DOI KHI HRU TORN CnU
Ths Bui Viet Hirng
Vien Nghien cuu ChduAu
1 Boi Ciinh chung \ c bien doi khi hau
toan cau
Trong mpt \'ai ihap ky qua, ciing voi su
phat trien nhanh chong eiia khoa hoc c6ng
nghe, la nhu cau khai ihdc vd sir dung ngdy
mpt lang ngu6n ldi nguyen khodng sdn, ldi
nguNcn rirng, phd buy he sinh thai, sinh
quNcn tren loan Irai dal He luy ciia sir gia
lang cac boat dgng nhu vay gay ra qua trinh
phdi ihdi mot lugng lon khi cacbon, nito vdo
bau khi quyen khien be mat Irai dal co xu
huong ngdy cdng nong len, gay ra nhiing
Ihdm hoa nhu lii lut, ban ban, chdy rimg dien
ra tren khap cdc khu vuc voi lan suat ngdy
mpi lang Theo cdc nhd khoa hgc, nguyen
nhan chfnh ciia bien d6i khi hau Irai dal Id do
sir gia lang ciia cdc boat dpng lao ra cdc chal
Ihdi khf nha kfnh, cdc boat dpng khai thdc
qua mirc cdc be hap Ihu khf nhd kfnh nhu
sinh khoi, rimg, cdc he sinh Ihdi ven bien
Nguy CO xdy ra nhirng tdc dgng toi te nhit
ciia bien d6i khi hau co the dugc gidm Ihilu
phan lon neu lugng khf thdi vdo khf quyin
on djnh a miic 450 ppm- 550 ppm, tuong
img mirc tang nhiet do tir 2°C- 2,4°C (Hien
nay gan 430 ppm) Dieu d6 doi hoi ting
lugng khf thdi ft nhat phdi thip hon 25%
mirc hien nay vdo nam 2050 Day dugc xem
nhu mot Irong nhirng thach thirc Ion nhat doi vai cac quoc gia co mirc phdt thdi cao Irong vice thuc bien cac cam kel cat gidm miic phat thai quoc gia
Dirng truoc nhung tbuc trang \a ihach Ihirc ngay cdng lo lon nhu \ay, \iee lim ra nhirng gidi phdp cung nhu xay dung cac chien luge phdt trien ben viing khong chi la nhiem vu cap bdch ciia moi quoc gia ma doi hoi phdi CO sir chung la\ cua todn nhan loai Irong cugc chien chong bien doi khf hau loan cau Tren linh than do, hgi nghj quoc le do Lien hiep quoc trieu lap tai Rio de Janeiro nam 1992 da thong qua Hiep djnh Khung va Chuong trinb Hdnh dgng quoc le nham ciiu
\ an Tmh Irang "xau di" nhanh cbong cua bau kbi quyen Trdi dal, von dugc coi Id nguyen nhan chu yeu cua sir gia tang hiem hga To chirc nghien ciiru Lien chfnh phu ve Bien doi khf hau ciia Lien hiep quoc (IPCC) da dugc thdnh lap, tbu hiit sir tham gia cua hang ngan nhd khoa hgc quoc te
Voi muc tieu cat giam lugng khf thai gay hieu ung nhd kinh, iin diu tien mpt khuon kho phap ly ve biln dii khf hau mang tam quoc te ciia Lien hiep quoc voi sir tham gia ky ket ciia chinh phu cdc quoc gia tham
Trang 2aue intf^nif imoH itaii p.Hat thai 41
du da dugc thong qua trong bdn du thdo
ngdy 11/12/1997 lai Kyoto, vd chfnh Ihiic co
hieu lire vao ngdy 16/2/2005 Nghj djnh Ihu
Kyoto da danh ddu moc quan trpng Irong n6
lire lodn cau ve bdo ve m6i truong vd phdi
trien ben vung Theo lh6ng ke ciia IPCC,
Ifnh den Ihdng 11/2007 da co 175 nuoc kf kel
Iham gia chuong trinh ndy, trong do co 36
nuac phat trien (Lien minh Chau Au dugc
linh la mpt nuoc) dugc yeu cau bat bupc phdi
gidm thieu khi thdi nhd kinh ma hg da cam
Nghj djnh thu Kyoto Id mgt cam kit dugc lien bdnh dua tren nhirng nguyen lac ciia Chuang trinh Khung cua Lien hiep qu6c
ve bien doi kbi hau, Irong do cdc qu6c gia Iham gia ky ket phdi chap nhan viec cat gidm khi CO2 va 5 loai khf gay bieu irng nhd kfnh khdc nhu CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs vd SFg, trong khodng thai gian lir 2008- 2011 Miic Iran da dugc quy djnh cu the nhu: Lien minh Chau Au Id 8%; 6% voi Nbal Ban , Irong khi mirc ban ngach cho phep lang Id 8% voi lie, vd 10% voi Ailen
kel \u6ng il nhat Id 5% so \o\ nam 1990
Bang I: Mot so chi tieu cam ket giam phat thai khi nha kinh ciia cac nuoc tham gia
ky ket Nghj djnh thir Kyoto
Cac chi tieu ve de
xuat giam thai khi
nha kinh
Con duong phdt thdi
ben viing d6i voi
cdc nuoc phdt trien
Lien minh Chau Au
Anh
Phap
Diic
Italia
Thuy Dien
Uc
Canada
Nhat Bdn
Nauy
My
Ngan ban
Khf phdt thdi dal dinh diem
Cac chi tieu Kyoto 8%
12,5% (20% chi tieu quoc gia)
0%
21%
6,5%
-4%
-8%
6%
6%
Tang 1% (chi tieu quIc gia gidm 10%) 7%
Trung ban
30%
Dai han
Il nhdt 80%
Hau Kyoto 20% hay 30% vai thoa thuan quoc te 26-32%
40%
25%
12% tang so voi ndm1990
30%
-60-80% thoa tbuan qu6c te
60%
75%
-Gidm 80% so vol nam 1990
50%
100%
Ngudn ;?/rp://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_VN_Chapter31 pdf
Trang 342 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU EUROF2 „ « ^ h H >JH>(Hi •^ ssv»(e*:*< P^'"HM « T I 3 3 » < 4 J I 1
Nham the che hoa nhirng cam kcl eiia
chinh phil cac nuoc Irong Nghj djnh Ihu
Kyoto \ a dc nhung cam kcl ndy di vdo hien
thuc, CO tfnh rang buoc ve mat phap ly ciing
nhu linh den \ an dc gan kcl giiia giam thieu
phai thai khi nha kinh \(Vi van de phat trien
ben vung Nghj dinh thu Kyoto da dc ra cac
nguyen lac \a quy uoc \oi khung thai gian
ihirc hien chuong trinh Theo do, cac qu6c
gia tham gia ki ket dugc chia Idm 2 nhom:
Nhom cac quoc gia pbal Iricn (con ggi la Phu
luc 1), la nhom bat buoc phdi luan ihco
nhiing cam kcl cat giam khi nhd kfnh; vd
Nhom cac quoc gia dang phdt trien (kh6ng
thupc Phu luc 1) (Non Annex 1), kh6ng bj
rdng huge vdo cdc nguyen lac iing xir Irong
Nghj djnh Ihụ Nghj djnh Ihu quy djnh ro:
Trong truong hgp cdc quoc gia Irong nhom
Phu luc I khong dap iing dugc yeu cau dal ra
trong bdn kf kel, se bat buoc phdi cat gidm
them 1,3 lugng khf vugl mirc cho phep Irong
ihori ban liep Iheo ciia Nghj djnh Muc lieu
phat thdi cua moi nuoc Irong giai doan
2008-2012 se dugc tfnh todn Iren co so trung binh
cpng ciia 5 nam Qud trinb thir nghiem phdi
dugc lien hdnh vdo nam 2005 nham cat gidm
3 loai khf chu yeu Id CO2, CH4 vd NaiO, so
sdnh voi miic nam 1990 Vol ba co che linh
hoat Id: Buon ban phdt thdi todn ciu (lET);
Co che dong thuc hien (JI) vd Co cbi phdt
trien sach (CDM), Nghj djnh thu Kyoto cho
phep cac nuoc Irong Phu luc 1 co the liep can linh boat cac co ehl tren nham dal dugc muc lieu gidm ihdi quoc giạ
So lieu bang Iren cho Ihay, van de cai giam pbal thai khf nhd kfnh da thuc sir Ira thanh mli quan lam bang dau 6 mgt so quoc gia khi cong bo chuang Irinh cat gidm khi nhd kfnh dugc thuc hien voi mire do manh
mc ban voi cac cam kel chung nhu: Lien minh Chau Au se cat gidm 30% so voi cam kcl Id 20%), Vuong qu6c Anh tu dal ra chi lieu Kyolợ tlic Id cat gidm 20% so voi cam
kcl Id 12,5%), Nauy gidm 1% vox miic cho
phep dugc ldng 10%
Thai ban cam kel Nghj djnh Ihu Kyoto
se het han vao nam 2012 trong khi nhirng cugc tranh luan tren cac dien đn da phuang
ve cdc van de bien doi khf hdu giira mpt ben
Id cdc quoc gia phdt trien voi mgi ben Id cac quoc gia dang phdt trien chua di den h6i ket Nbu-ng lieu chf moi cho vice xay dung va hinh ihdnb ngan quy cdcbon todn cdu chua dugc thiet lap, trong khi d6 nhiing no lire gidm Ibieu phdt thdi khf nhd kfnh chua dugc bao nhieu thi cong viec tat yeu vd cap bdch hien nay doi hoi moi mgt quoc gia can phai nhanh chong co nhung giai phdp hiru hieu hon trong chfnh sach phat trien nang lugng Dot vol cdc quoc gia phdt trien can vd phai c6 nhiing co che vd giai phap hiiu hieu hon trong van de cat giam khf nhd kfnh Cac
Trang 4ri^^ i(<<y-T<^ tj^ttfti i^itt fu'nir man 43
phuang dn djnh gid thj truang cacbon lodn
cau can co cdi nhin diing dan ban Iren ldl cd
cac phuang dien ve lac dgng doi voi van de
kinh le xa hoi Con cdc quoc gia dang phat
trien ciing can phdi co 16 trinh huong loi mpi
nen kinh le cacbon Ihap, co Ifnh den cdc yeu
lo ngu6n lire du>' Iri tang iruorng kinh le xa
hpi vai van de xoa doi giam ngheo
Trong khuon kh6 cdc cupc dam phan da
phuong trong thai gian vira qua ve cdc giai
doan liep theo ciia Nghj djnh tbu Kyoto, loi
nay, mpi s6 kjch bdn da dugc dua ra thdo
luan Cac quan diem xoay quanh van de ve
viec lim ra nhirng giai phap hiru hieu ban
Irong van de cat gidm hon nira hieu ung khf
nhd kinh Tuy nhien, viec an djnh lim ra an
s6 cho cdc kjch bdn van chua dugc nhat quan
nhu: Cac nuoc cong nghiep pbal trien can
phai cat gidm 6f miic do bao nhieu la hgp ly?
Cdc cam ket trong Nghj djnh thu Kyoto can
phai CO them che ldi gi de co the mang lai
tfnh phdp ly rdng huge cao ban? Cac nen
kinh te mai noi phdt thdi khf nhd kfnh nhieu
nhu Trung Qu6c, An Do, Brazin can phdi
kh6ng che gidm thdi or miic bao nhieu? Hay
nhu viec thuyet phuc My, quoc gia c6ng
nghiep phdt thdi nhieu khf cdcbon nhat, lai
chua tham gia vdo viec phe chuan Nghj djnh
thu Song theo mot s6 chuyen gia moi
truong nhan djnh, xu huong trong thori gian
toi, giai doan tilp theo ciia Nghj djnh thu
Kyoto Id thiic diy hgp tdc qu6c tl cin dugc
Irien khai sau rgng ban niia, kjch ban "ciing Ihdng" phdi dugc nhan rpng Cdc nuoc phdi Irien can nhanh chong co Irdch nhiem, ho trg ldi chinh va cong nghe nham giup cdc nuoc ngheo, cac nuoc dang pbal Irien thuc hien chien luge chuyen doi nang lugng cacbon thap Chfnb sach phdt trien nang lugng sinh hpc ciia cac qu6c gia pbal trien ciing can phai dal Irong sir pbal trien ben virng l6ng the ciia cac qu6c gia dang pbal Irien, Iranh gay ra hau qud gid nhien lieu sinh hoc ldng cao lai cdc nuac phdt Irien se gay ra hieu iing chat pha rirng tai cac qu6c gia kem phdi Irien
2 Co che boat dong cua he thong buon ban phat thai EU
Tuy chi chiem 15% lugng phdt Ihdi CO2
ra loan the giai, song nhiing gi dal dugc Irong su6l thai gian qua da khang djnh vai Iro vd vj the ciia Lien minh Chau Au ngdy cang lang cao trong viec lanh dao vd gidi quylt cdc van de ve bien doi khi hau dien ra
a cd hai mirc do khu vuc vd todn cau Trong Djnh buong Chien luge Chdu Au 2020, EU mpt ldn nira giri di thong diep doi voi loan Ihl gioi Id theo duoi muc lieu chien luge xanh, gin kit giira phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi bin viing voi van de ve moi truong, lang ty trgng ndng lugng tdi sinh vd gidm thieu miic phdt thdi khf nhd kfnh ft nhat 20% so voi nhung nam 1990 vd trong dieu kien co the se ciing cam kit vd chju trach nhiem voi cdc kbu vuc khdc, dac biet la nhiing quoc gia
Trang 544 NGHIEN ClfU CHAU AU EURC: nrr:iinsi?(noi:g.,v.,,;|g in! (.'1 2011
dang phdi Iricn Ircn loan the giai, Irong c6ng
cupc ch6ng bien d6i khi hau chung Mirc
phai thai co the se giam xuong 30% vdo nam
2020
Nhu da dl cap a tren Nghj dinh thu
KNOIO \oi 3 CO che linh boat la: Buon ban
phat thai loan cau (IT'T), Q\y che dong thuc
hien (JI) \a Ca ehe phat trien sach (CDM)
cho phep eae quoc gia phat tricMi Irong nhom
Phu lue I dugc linh boat dp dung nhdm dal
chi lieu giam thai quoc gia
Thj truong cdcbon bay lET Id mgi
phuang Ihirc dua Ircn co so ihj truong de dal
loi cdc muc lieu m6i truong, cho phep nhirng
ai giam pbal Ihdi khf nhd kfnh duoi mirc can
thiel dugc sir dung hoac mua ban phan gidm
qua mirc de bii cho phdi Ihdi o ngu6n khdc
hoac ben ngodi nuoc minh Viec mua bdn co
the dugc thuc hien 6 pham vi irong nuoc,
khu vuc hoac dugc thuc hien tren cd binh
dien qu6c le
Co che dong Ihirc hien JI dugc quy djnh
lai dieu 6 ciia Nghj djnh Ihu Kyoto Id sir phoi
hgp thuc hien cdc du an hgp ldc giira cdc
nuoc phdt Irien voi nhau nham gidm thdi cdc
loai khf quy dinh trong Nghj djnh Don vj do
trong cdc du dn ndy dugc tfnh Id don vj gidm
thdi (Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) quy
doi luong duong voi 1 tin khf CO2
Co che phdt trien sach CDM dugc ghi
Irong dieu 12 ciia Nghj djnh thu Kyoto cho
phep chfnb pbii bode t l chirc ca i lan 6 cac
nuoc c6ng nghiep thuc bien cdc du dn giam phdi Ihdi lai cdc nuoc dang pbal iricn vd doi lai cae doanh nghiep ndy nhan dugc "Chirng nhan gidm phdt thai", viel ldl Id CERs va dugc Ifnh cho muc lieu gidm phdi thai ciia quoc gia do, dong thoi trg giiip cdc nuac dang phdi trien dal dugc muc lieu pbal Irien ben virng bang viec ho trg, khuyen khich eac
du an dau lu than ihien voi moi truong tir phfa chfnh phii \ a nhd dau lu ciia cac nuoc c6ng nghiep Co the hieu co che van hdnh dir
dn CDM nhu sau: Mgi nhd dau lu hoac chfnh phil ciia mgt nuoc cong nghiep co the dau tu hoac cung cap ldi chfnb cho mgt du an tai mpt nuoc dang phdi trien nhdm gidm phat thai khf nhd kfnh Nhu \ ay lugng phdi thai se nho hon so voi truong hgp khong co dau lu phu Irpi (c6 the xay ra neu khong co sir tham gia ciia CDM ha\ con ggi Id phuong an
"kinh doanh binh thuong") \ h a dau lu sau
do nhan dugc "Chiing nhan gidm thai Cacbon" \ a co the sir dung chimg nhan nay dap img muc tieu Kyoto ciia minh Neu co che CDM \an hdnh diing, no se khong lam Ihay doi l6ng lugng KNK cin phai gidm thai
md don gidn chi la thay doi dja diem phat thai
Trong boi cdnh 15 nuoc thdnh vien EU cam ket 16 trinh thuc hien cat gidm phdt thai khf CO2 theo Nghj djnh thu Kyoto din h^t nam 2012 la 8%, ngay 1/1/2005, nh6m cac nhd lanh dao EU ciing nhau dat duoc moi
Trang 645
thoa thuan vl co chi van hdnh he thing pbal
thai Den nay, luy con nhilu nhiing bit cap
vd ban che, song c6 the noi viec van hdnh
Thi Ihirc Mua bdn phai Ihdi ETS (The
European Union s Emissions Trading
System (EU-ETS) dang dirge xem Id mpi
Irong nhiing co che img pho mang lai hieu
qud nhat cua Lien minh Chau Au Irong cupc
chien ch6ng bien d6i khf hau loan cau
Co che ihirc bien ciia He thong Bu6n
ban phdt ihdi Lien minh Chau Au dugc \an
hdnli lh6ng qua viec phdn b6 vd mua ban
giay phep phdi thdi khf nhd kinh cho cac
qu6c gia thanh vien (National Allocation
Plans (NAP) Viec pban b6 cdc giay phep
can cii vdo t6ng lugng phdt thdi cua cdc co
so lap ddt tren tdt cd cdc ITnh vuc nhu dien,
luyen kim, khai khodng ddt tai cdc nuoc
thanh vien tren lodn khu vuc EU Cdc giay
phep phan b6 ban ngach phdt thdi tir EU toi
cac nuac thdnh vien tiep luc dugc phan b6
tai cac co so phdt thdi da dugc dang ky
Theo do, he thong ETS dugc chia ldm 3 giai
doan: Giai doan I dugc ggi Id giai doan thir
nghiem, keo ddi tir ngdy 01 thdng 01 nam
2005 din 31 thdng 12 nam 2007; Giai doan 2
se dugc triln khai trong khung thoi gian tir
2008 - 2012; Giai doan 3 se tilp tuc triln
khai cho thai ky hau Kyoto, tiic Id sau nam
2012
Giai doan I, can cir vao ke hoach ciia cac qu6c gia thdnh vien EU ve l6ng lugng phdi Ihdi dugc Uy ban Chau Au phe duyel,
he lh6ng bu6n bdn phdi thai ETS da triln khai vd Ihirc hien phan b6 cdc giay phep dugc gpi Id Tin dung cdcbon (Carbon credit) cho ban 12.000 co so phdt thai lai 22 qu6c gia thdnh vien Tren co so viec an djnh ban mirc pbal thai khi CO2 chiem khodng 40% l6ng lugng khf Ihdi lodn khu vuc, cdc c6ng ly gay 6 nhiem vugl qud ban miirc can phdi bo lien ra mua them Tin dung cacbon hoac ban lai cho don vj khdc khi con chi lieu ban ngach dugc phan bo Hoat dgng thuong mai ciia cdc Tfn dung cacbon dugc thuc hien Iheo hai cdch:
Thu nhdt, ciing nhu cdc c6ng cu tdi
chfnh khdc, cdc Tin dung cacbon dugc trao d6i giiia ben mua vd ben bdn tren cdc thj truong da dugc quy djnh theo ban ngach dugc giai ban (cap-and-trade) Hinh thirc mua bdn han ngach phdt thdi or day co the kiem sodt dugc djnh mirc phdt thdi cua limg c6ng ly, theo do c6ng ty ndo cat gidm dugc lugng kbi phdt thdi co the giao bdn cbi tieu cua minh
Thu hai la Thuong mai cdcbon th6ng
qua nhiing du an ddu lu Co che phdt thdi sach CDM se cho phep nhirng nuoc c6ng nghiep phdt trien nban dugc nhirng ho trg tai chinh tir cdc du dn gidm thieu phdt thdi KNK giiip cdc nuoc dang phdt trien
Trang 746 NGHIEN COU CHAU A U El ;^-sl*^-::^•s^^?^^/^,^?^'A'^^r^(o) O 3 3 ) 2 0 i 1
Tiiong qua hai hinh ihire trao doi nhir
tivn nam dau tien thue hien T IS ^()2 trieu
lan CO: da dirge giao dich Iren tbi tririrng
\oi gi;i iii dat 7.2 t\ T.UK, Iinh chung eho
den nam 2007 tbi truang ibmnig mai e;iehon
loan cau da dat In gia 40.4 i\ TT'R, \a\ 2,7
i\ lan CO;, trong do 00"o la giao djch (28 ty
TUR) thong qua lo dure Thuang mai Cae
bon cu.i TTJ nlur Qu\ eaehon Kl W cua Dire,
(,hi\ eaehon Italia Dan ,\1aeh
Trong giai di>aii I cua qua trinh van
hanh he thong I-IS, \(ri phmrng cbam vira
hoe \ira lam I ien minh Chau Au khong k\
\ong nhicu \ao qua trinh giam thai lai cdc
quoc gia, ma muc dich chinh la cdn cir vao
bao eao kel qua gidm ihdi timg quoc gia bdng
nam lam ecr so dc dc ra nhirng chien luge
thich hgp hon eho giai doan tiep theo, ddc
biet sd la CO so de 1:1' co the dp dung vao
giam thai trong ITnh vuc bang khong
Giai doan 11 cua be thong 1- TS dirge bdt
dau tir 2008 den 2012 I rong giai do^n nay,
hQ ihong E l S cua EU khong chi bao triini toi
27 nuoc thanh vien EU ma c6n mo rgng ra
cho mgt so thanh vien khu \ vrc nhu Nauy va
Ailen KhSc phyc nhiing khiem khuyet trong
giai do^n I do la sy giao dgng qu^ nhieu ve
gia eiia eae tin dung eaebon lir 30 TTJR/lan CO; thang 4/2006 xuong 0.1 EUIVlin vao
thang 9/2007, gay ra sy true igi dang ke ciia
ede doi tac thuong mai, cac cum cong nghiep
lia> cac ca sa dicMi nang I y ban Chau Au
dd Ihirc thi mgt loat cac giai phap manh tay
nham minh bach boa thi truomg gia\ phep
phcit thai, thue hien dau gia cung nhu phan tich kc hoach giam thai cua cac quoc gia, qua
do tao nguon ihu ngan saeh nham khu>en khfch h(m niira cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao eae nganh cong nghiep phat thai fl khi
eaebon, tao dieu kien gan kel thj truang
cacbon \ai eae muc tieu giam thieu bien doi khi hau
NhCrng tin hieu thi trucmg ve gia cac tin dung cacbon duge nang len 19-30 T I R vao ndm 2009 da cho tha\ mgi loat cac giai phdp dieu ehinh cua ItU vol he thong E TS So lieu Bang 2 cho tha) vi^e eac thong so phdt thai
ciia limg quoc gia \ai sy phe chuan cua Uy ban Chau Au dS gan nhu khong co thay doi
gi nhieu dieu do minh chimg phan nao \e vice quyet sach cua Uy ban dii voi cdc
chuang trinh phat thai cua cac quoc gia thanh vien, 1^ ca so de EU thuc hien dugc cam kit voi cpng ddng quoc tl
Trang 847
Bang 2: Gioi ban phat thai giai doan 2008-2012 cua he thong ETS cho cac quoc gia
thanh vien
Cac nuoc thilnh
vien EU
Ao
Bi
Cong hoa Sec
Phan Lan
Phap
HungarN'
Dire
Hy Lap
Ai Len
Y
Ha Lan
Tay Ban Nha
Thuv Dien
Anh
Tong cong
Lu°9'ng ph^t thai
nikm 2005 dii \&c
minh theo Giai doan II ciia ETS (Trifu tan CO2)
33
56
83
33
131
26
474
71
22
226
80
183
19
242
1.943
Oc xuiit ciia chfnh phu (Trifu tan CO2)
33
63
102
40
133
31
482
76
23
209
90
153
25
246
2.045
Uy ban Chau Au cho ph6p
(Trifu t^n CO2)
31
59
87
38
133
27
453
69
91
196
106
152
23
246
1.897
Uy ban Chau Au cho ph^p theo ti trpng % lu'9'ng ph^t thai nam 2005
94
105
105
105
102
104
96
97
95
87
97
83
151
101
98
Ngudn: Tdng hgp sd lieu lir European Commission 2007 http://en.x\'ikipedia.org/xviki/Eiiropean Union Emissicm Trading Scheme
http://\\\\xv.eoearth.org,/article/European_Union_Einissions_Trading_Scheme_(EU_ETS)
va
Giai doan III ciia chuong trinh ETS
dugc bit diu lir 1/1/2013 din 31/12/2020
Tuy CO nhimg bat d6ng trong viec xay dung
mot thoa uac cho thofi ky hdu Kyoto giira cdc
ben Iren cac dien ddn da phuang ve bien d6i
khf hau, song Uy ban Chau Au van du kien
dua ra khung thai gian dkn 31/12/2020
Trong khodng thoi gian ndy, voi ky vong
giam tmng binh 36 trieu tin khf thdi CO2
hang nam vd miic gia cdc tfn dung binh quan
to 30 EUR/tin khf thdi, he thong ETS se Id
cong cu dk EU thirc hien thdnh c6ng nhirng
cam kit voi cong d6ng qu6c te Sir gia tang
nhanh chong lugng phdt thdi trong ITnb vuc hdng kh6ng khien cho cdc nhd hoach djnh chinh sdch dang can nhdc de be lh6ng ETS
se bao Iriim trong cd ITnh vuc ndy Theo s6 lieu uoc linh, s6 lugng tfn dung CO2 trong giai doan nay se bao Iriim cho kh6i lugng khodng 10-12 trieu tin khf thdi CO2 trong lodn khu vuc Nhu vay, co the noi viec trien khai he th6ng ETS trdi qua bai giai doan da bao triim len todn bg he th6ng phdt thdi trong todn khu vuc EU
Din nay, Uy ban Chau Au, mac dii chua chfnh thirc phe duyet cho nhirng kl hoach va