Chuyên đề 1 (phát âm) Pronunciation

CHAPTER 1 PRONUNCIATIONS CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT Cách phát âm IPA hay Bảng ký hiệu ngữ âm quốc tế là hệ thống các ký hiệu ngữ âm được các nhà ngôn ngữ học tạo ra và sử dụng nhằm thể hiện các âm tiết trong mọi.

CHAPTER 1 : PRONUNCIATIONS

 C S LÝ THUY T Ơ Ở Ế

Cách phát âm

IPA hay B ng ký hi u ng âm qu c t là h th ng các ký hi u ng âm đ c các nhà ngôn ngả ệ ữ ố ế ệ ố ệ ữ ượ ữ

h c t o ra và s d ng nh m th hi n các âm ti t trong m i ngôn ng c a nhân lo i m t cáchọ ạ ử ụ ằ ể ệ ế ọ ữ ủ ạ ộ chu n xác và riêng bi t.ẩ ệ

Nguyên âm

đ n ơ Monophthons

Nguyên âm đôi Diphthongs

i:

bee shipɪ putʊ shootu: clearɪə gateeɪ

e

bed betterə birdɜ : doorɔ : tourʊə boyɔɪ noteəʊ

æ

cat funʌ carɑ : onɒ beareə smileaɪ howaʊ

p

pet bedb teat dogd cheapt∫ Julydʒ keyk getg

f

fan vasev thinkθ thisð sees zooz sheep∫ visionʒ

m

man nosen bankη hath ll

emon

r

red wetw yesj Các nguyên âm và ph âm ti ng Anh có m t s cách phát âm nh t đ nh Sau đây là m t s cáchụ ế ộ ố ấ ị ộ ố phát âm thông th ng c a m t s ch cái ti ngườ ủ ộ ố ữ ế Anh

I.Nguyên âm đ n: ơ

o Quy t c phát âm các ch cái nguyên âm đ n trong ti ng ắ ữ ơ ế Anh

Ch cái ữ Phát

a

/æ/ fan, national

/e / ɪ take, nature

/ :/ ɔ fail, altogether

/ / ɒ want, quality

/e/ many, any

/ / ɪ message

/ / ə afraid, familiar

/ :/ ɑ after, class

e /i:/ /e/ fever, geneeducate, flexible

/ / ɪ explore, security

/ / ə interest, chicken

o

/ / ɒ floppy, bottle

/ / ʌ son, wonder

/ əʊ / post, almost

/ / ə computer, purpose

/w / ʌ one, once

u

/ / ʌ cut, fungus

/ju/ human, university

/ / ʊ push

/u:/ include

/ / ə success

i /a / / / ɪ ɪ fit, slipperystrive, sacrifice

/ / ə terrible, principle

y /a / /i/ ɪ therapy, worryshy, multiply

II.Nguyên âm đôi

o Quy t c phát âm các ch cái nguyên âm đôi trong ti ng Anh ắ ữ ế

ai /e / /e / ə ɪ gain, entertainfair, armchair

ay /e / ɪ stay, betray

au / :/ ɔ naughty, audience

aw / :/ ɔ awful, lawn

ea /e / /i:/ ɪ beat, measlesgreat, break

/e/ health, feather

ei /e / /i:/ ɪ weight, eightyceiling, deceive

/a / ɪ height

ey /e / /i:/ ɪ hey, conveykey

ee /i:/ cheese, kneel

/i:/ piece, relieve

/a / ɪ lie, tie

ie /a / / / ɪə ə ancient, proficientsociety, quiet

oa / / :/ əʊ ɔ / load, coastabroad, broaden

oo /u:/ / / ʊ tool, goosebook, foot

/ / ʌ flood, blood

ou

/a / ʊ mouse, account

/ əʊ / soul, shoulder

/ / ʌ couple, trouble

/u:/ group, souvenir

/ / ʊ could, would

/ / ə famous, marvelous

ow / /a / əʊ ʊ / cow, brownthrow, yellow

oi / / ɔɪ voice, join

oy / / ɔɪ joy, boy

oe / əʊ / toe, foe

ui / / ɪ build, guitar

uy /a / ɪ buy, guy

L u ý: ư

o Nh ng quy t c trên ch là nh ng cách đ c ph bi n, ngoài ra có nh ng tr ng h p ngo i l ữ ắ ỉ ữ ọ ổ ế ữ ườ ợ ạ ệ Khi ch a ch c ch n, chúng ta ph i tra t đi n và ghi nh cách phát âm t ng t cho chínhư ắ ắ ả ừ ể ớ ừ ừ xác

III.Ph âm: ụ

o Quy t c phát âm các ch cái ph âm trong ti ng ắ ữ ụ ế Anh.

c /k/ /s/ close, confidentcertify, cycle

/∫/ special, ocean

d /d/ / dramatic, demand

d / ʒ gradual, educate

g /g/ / guess, regular

d / ʒ germ, origin / / ʒ beige, garage

n / / /n/ η neck, fununcle, drink

s

/s/ secret, optimist

/z/ rose, resume

/∫/ sugar, ensure

/ / ʒ usually, occasion

t /∫/ /t/ tutor, pretenceoption, initial

/t∫/ culture, question

x gz/ / exist, exhibit

/ ks/ box, mixture /

k∫/ anxious, luxury

kw/ Queue, require

ch /t∫/ /k/ chemist, mechaniccheck, bunch

/∫/ machine, parachute

sh /∫/ shock, smash

th / / /ð/ θ theme, depththus, feather

gh /f/ rough, laughter

ph /f/ photo, paragraph

IV.Quy t c phát âm đuôi “-s/es” và đuôi ắ “-ed”.

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM ĐUÔI “ –ED” CU I Ố

Quy t c ắ ( D a vào phát âm ch không ph i ch cu i ) ự ứ ả ữ ố

/id/

t ,d : tình đ u ầ Ex: wanted , ended Ngo i l : Đuôi “ed” trong các tính t sau đ ạ ệ ừ ượ ọ c đ c là /id/

naked aged learned wicked dogged blessed beloved crooked /t/ K , SS , X, CH , F , CE , P , GH , SH ( Khúc sông x a chuy n phà c ph i ghé sang ) ư ế ủ ả

Ex: worked , kissed, faxed , watched, laughed , faced , helped , roughed, washed

=> s ho c - ặ ss thì luôn đúng, nh ng ư  -se có th đ c /t/ ho c /d/ tùy theo t ể ọ ặ ừ

b , g , l, m , n, r, v, y, I, e…

/d/ Ex: played , loved , happened…

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –S /ES” CU I Ố :

Quy t c ắ /s/ Th i phong ki n ph Ex: cloths, beliefs, books , cups , cats ờ ế ươ ng tây

/iz/ Chúng x s z i sh sẽ ce ge Ex: watches, boxes, buses, buzzes crashes, focuses , resources , bridges ổ ố ớ

/z/ Ex: robs, bags, pools, costumes, begins , floors , leaves

M T S TR Ộ Ố ƯỜ NG H P KHÁC Ợ

 Khi g p g ch d ặ ạ ướ i ch ữ S :

- Bình th ng ch s phát âm là ườ ữ /s/, nh ng có nh ng ngo i l c n nh là : ư ữ ạ ệ ầ ớ s đ c /z/ọ các ch sau:ữ

busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve,

poison

- Ch s đ c / ữ ọ ʃ / : sugar, sure

 Đ i v i ch CH ố ớ ữ

- CH đ c ọ /t/ là bình th ngườ

- CH đ c : ọ /k/ g m các ch sau: ồ ữ chemist, ache, Christmas, mechanic, architect, character …

- CH đ c là ọ / ʃ / : machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade ,

 Đ i v i ch H ố ớ ữ

- các ch ữ H sau đây là h câm : hour, honor, honest, vehicle, (và các gia đình t c a ch này)ừ ủ ữ

 Đ i ố ch GH ữ  : - Bình th ng đ c là /ườ ọ f/

 Đ i v i âm /u/ và /u:/ ố ớ

- /u/ g m: ồ put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book

- /u:/ g m: ồ food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe,

 Silent consanant (âm câm)

"B"câm khi đ ng sau "M" ho c đ ng tr c "T": bomứ ặ ứ ứơ b, climb, comb, tomb, doubt, subtle, debt

(Chú ý: có t không tuân theo quy t c này: timber )ừ ắ

"H" sau đây là h câm: hour, honor, honest

"K" câm khi đ ng tr c "N": know, ứ ướ knife, knob

"N" câm khi đ ng sau "M": autumứ n, column, hymn, condemn

"P" câm: cupboard, receipt, psychology,

"W" câm: sword

"T" câm: Listen , often , fasten, ballet, …

 BÀI T P ÁP D NG Ậ Ụ

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1 A listens

Question 2 A kissed

Question 3 A express

Question 4 A exhaust

Question 5 A enjoyed

Question 6 A buttons

Question 7 A derived

B reviews

B washed

B exciting

B exam

B ironed

B books

B required

C protects

C advertised

C expensive

C exact

C picked

C begs

C blamed

D enjoys

D slipped

D exhibition

D excellent

D served

D cans

D coughed

Question 8 A extended

Question 9 A priority

Question 10 A marvelous

Question 11 A change

Question 12 A cities

Question 13 A begged

Question 14 A approached

Question 15 A laughs

Question 16 A finished

Question 17 A gossip

Question 18 A expands

Question 19 A expands

Question 20 A promised

Question 21 A clear

Question 22 A ocean

Question 23 A houses

Question 24 A bother

Question 25 A area

Question 26 A reduced

Question 27 A cooked

Question 28 A take

Question 29 A about

Question 30 A houses

Question 31 A kites

Question 32 A hire

Question 33 A hear

Question 34 A attacked

Question 35 A possesses

Question 36 A derived

Question 37 A values

Question 38 A supported

Question 39 A major

Question 40 A circles

Question 41 A land

Question 42 A lunch

Question 43 A matched

Question 44 A visits

Question 45 A floor

Question 46 A around

Question 47 A talked

Question 48 A cursed

B skipped

B habitat

B assistance

B champagne

B areas

B dogged

B sacrificed

B mouths

B promised

B gentle

B installs

B travels

B conserved

B treasure

B commercial

B clothes

B worthy

B arrange

B caused

B ploughed

B name

B shout

B brashes

B hopes

B hour

B pear

B stopped

B brushes

B faced

B accelerates

B mended

B native

B symptoms

B sandy

B kitchen

B worked

B destroys

B door

B south

B naked

B ragged

C looked

C protection

C armchair

C channel

C envelops

C buttoned

C unwrapped

C slopes

C escaped

C gamble

C swallows

C appoints

C destroyed

C spread

C necessary

C matches

C weather

C arrive

C damaged

C stopped

C eight

C wounded

C hates

C balls

C hair

C clear

C decided

C watches

C inclined

C responsibilities

C dressed

C sailor

C areas

C many

C technology

C cleaned

C believes

C noodle

C souvenir

C liked

C sacred

D watched

D essential

D argument

D choice

D days

D blamed

D obliged

D presidents

D followed

D garage

D rejects

D animals

D proposed

D dread

D technician

D stages

D wealthy

D arise

D preserved

D finished

D back

D count

D places

D kicks

D hi

D near

D searched

D indicates

D hired

D waves

D attracted

D applicant

D complaints

D candy

D purchase

D stepped

D depends

D board

D thousand

D asked

D compiled

Question 49 A amount

Question 50 A approached

B countable

B enforced

C country

C composed

D around

D embraced

Question 51 A Presses

Question52 A Refreshment

Question 53 A Blamed

Question 54 A Needed

Question 55 A Deepen

Question 56 A Listens

Question 57 A Music

Question 58 A Vehicle

Question 59 A Question

Question 60 A systems

Question 61 A Digests

Question 62 A Doubt

Question 63 A Attempts

Question 64 A Vacation

Question 65 A Crashed

Question 66 A Laugh

Question 67 A Enjoyed

Question 68 A Houses

Question 69 A Advanced

Question 70 A Thereupon

Question 71 A Days

Question 72 A Involved

Question 73 A disappointed

Question 74 A Technology

Question 75 A country

Question 76 A Loves

Question 77 A Replied

Question 78 A Mended

Question 79 A Buses

Question 80 A programs

B precedes

B effective

B approached

B laughed

B beaten

B reviews

B refusal

B hospital

B minute

B interviews

B defends

B found

B conserves

B nation

B killed

B high

B loved

B services

B surprised

B thrill

B speaks

B organized

B interviewed

B chores

B counter

B spends

B required

B faced

B charges

B individuals

C judges

C residential

C secured

C tempted

C canteen

C protects

C studying

C honest

C disruptive

C letters

C threatens

C touch

C obeys

C question

C cured

C thought

C joined

C passages

C orphaned

C through

C dates

C impressed

C recorded

C exchange

C amount

C cooks

C advanced

C objected

C lorries

C subjects

D catches

D enthusiastic

D installed

D wanted

D leather

D enjoys

D human

D heir

D suitable

D interests

D swallows

D foul

D studies

D exhibition

D waved

D eight

D helped

D techniques

D weighed

D throne

D kits

D carried

D graduated

D choice

D around

D songs

D achieved

D waited

D bushes

D celebrations