ninh bình lịch sử kháng chiến chống thực dân pháp và đế quôc mỹ xâm lược (1945 - 1975)

8 NINH BINH LICH SLf KHANG CHIEN 1945 • 1975 Trong fjidng cfnen cfwng My cuu nudc 1954 - 1975, [Ninh Binh vua fd fidu phuang, viia fd tien tuyen ddnh tfidiig fiai cuoc cfiie'n tranh phd

_ J M 1

P H DY^-fmm) - UBND TINH NINH BJNH

BO CHI HUY QUAN sa TINH

TINH UY - HOI DONG NHAN DAN - UY BAN NHAN DAN

BO CHI HUY QUAN SU TINH NINH BINH

NINH BINH

LICH suf KHANG CHIEN CHONG THIA; DAN PHAP

VA DE QUOC MY XAM LlTDC (1945 • 1975)

Ninh Binh, ndm 2006

CHI DAO NOI DUNG:

Tinh uy - Hoi dong nhdn ddn - Uy ban nhdn ddn tinh Ddng uy - Bo chi huy qudn siC tinh Ninh Binh

CHI DAO BO SUNG VA BIEN SOAN:

D i n h V a n H u n g

Bi thu Tinh uy, Chii tich HDND tinh

Bi thu Ddng uy qudn sU tinh

Bui V a n T h a n g

Pho Bi thu Tinh uy, Chu tich UBND tinh Dai td Diitfng T h a n h P h o n g

Uy vien Thudng vu Tinh uy,

Chi huy trUdng Bg chi huy qudn sU tinh

Dai td Lvfofng V a n T u a n

Pho Bi thu thudng trUc DUQS tinh,

Chinh uy Bg chi huy qudn sU tinh

Dai td P h a m T h a n h Sdn

Pho chi huy trUdng - TMT Bg CHQS tinh

Dai td T r a n Quoc T a n Pho chi huy trUdng Qudn si/ Bg CHQS tinh

Dai td Bill V a n V a n Chu nhiem Chinh tri Bg CHQS tinh

.01 OIOI THIEU

^ifi gxtfi ttftfu

I CKfinfi (Binfi id viing ddt dm finfi

; ^ ^ nfidn kiet, co cd do Hoa Lu Cicfi

; su gdn hen vdi vi anfi filing ddn toe

' ^Dinfi tien Hodng de, ngudi dd dep foan

: 12 SU qudn idp nen J4lid nudc (Dai Co

Viet, 9did nudc pfiong tijek tap quyen ddu tien cua "Viet !Ndm

Vdi VI tri cfnen iuac quan trgng

ve cfiinfi tri, qudn su trong su ngfnep dung nudc, giu nudc ciing nhu trong xdy dung vd bdo ve To qudc, trong 2 cuoc lifidng cfnen cfidng tfiuc dan (Pfidp vd de' quoc My -\dm fuo'c, qudn vd ddn !Kinfi (Binfi thudng xuyen xdy dung cdc fuc fup'ng cfiinfi tri, qudn su, f^'t hop cfidt cfie ca 3 tfiu qudn, van dung cdcfi ddiifi finfi float, sdng tao vd dd xud't fiien nfiieu tdm guang cfiie'n dd'u, muu tri, ddng cdm trong fuc fuang vd trang vd nhdn ddn todn tinfi

Ifidi liy lifidng cfiie'n cfiong (pfidp (1945 -1954), !Ninfi (Binfi

fd nai cfiie'n tranfi du kicfi pfidt trien tic cfiie'n f^u Quynfi Luu den HJiu du tiicfi Kjidnfi Ifnen, %fidnh Tien vdi nfiieu fang kfidng cfiie'n, nfiieu dpi qudn Sdm dd't, Bdm ddn t{ien cudng cfiie'n ddu tieu diet dicfi deSdo ve chinh quyen, ddo ve nfidn ddn Cimg vdi 6o dpi cfiii fuc, fuc fuang vd trang dia pfiuang da fdp nhieu cfiie'n cdng vang dpi gdp pfidn vdo cfiie'n tfiang Dien (Bien (Pfiil, cfid'in dut dch tfid'ng tri cua tfiuc ddn (pfidp, ddnh dd'u Budc ngoat xndai trong fich su ddn tpc

8 NINH BINH LICH SLf KHANG CHIEN 1945 • 1975

Trong fjidng cfnen cfwng My cuu nudc (1954 - 1975), [Ninh (Binh vua fd fidu phuang, viia fd tien tuyen ddnh tfidiig fiai cuoc cfiie'n tranh phd fioqi cua My, l{fidc phuc hdu qud cfiie'n tranh, phdt trien kinh te, tap trung sue ngudi, sue cua de ehi vien eho tien tuye'n, cho chien trudng mien 'Nam vdi tinh thdn: ''Td't cd cho tien tuye'n', "Td't ca vi mien !Ndm mat tfiii\ gdp phdn vdo gidi phdng mien Nam, tfid'ng nhdt ddt nudc

(De ghi fai nhiing su kien fich su fdm tdi fieu gido due cdn

Bo, dang vien, cdc tdng fdp nhdn ddn vd fuc fuang vu trang, nfid't fd the he tre trang tinh tie'p tue phdt huy truyen tfid'ng cdch mang, trong 3 ndm 1993 - 1995., (Bp chi huy qudn su tinh

dd x^d't Bdn 2 tap sa thdo ''Lich su kfidng chien chd'ng thue ddn (pfidp 1945 -1954' vd "Lich su kfidng chie'n chd'ng My cuu nudc 1954 -1975" duac dong dda Ban dpc ddn nhdn, hoan nghenh vd gdp y xay dung

Thuc hien Cfii thi 191/CT ngdy 15 tUdng 8 ndm 1998, Ngfn quye't so 10/NQ:(D'VQSTlJ ngdy 08 thdng 01 ndm 1999 cua (Dang uy Qudn su Trung uang vd Quyet dinh sd 30/(BTL ngdy 10 thdng 01 ndm 2001 cda Tu fenh Qudn kfiu 3 (Ddng uy

- (Bp ehi huy qudn su tinh Bdo cda vd duac su nfid't tri eua Thudng true Tinh uy, HDND, V(BND tinh veviee tdcfiue ehi dao nghien euu, sua chita, Bd sung su ki^n, tu fieu vd Bien tdp fai 2 cud'n sa thao thdnh cud'n sdeh vdi tieu de"Ninh (Binh fich

su kfidng chie'n chd'ng thuc ddn (pfidp vd de'qude My xdm fuae 1945-197f\ - ,.,

Vdi su co'gd'ng cua (Ban (Bien tap, su hd tra cua Sa %hoa hoc vd cdng nghe tinh, (pfidng %fioa hpc cdng nghe vd mdi truang Qudn kfiu 3, (Ban Tuyen gida Tinh uy, Sa Tdi chinh,

Ldi GI61 THIEU

Sd Vdn had - Thdng tin vd su tham gia tich cue eua ede ddng ehi cdn Bp faa thdnh cdch mang, cdc ddng ehi nguyen hi edn Bd fdnh dao tinh, cdc ddng chi cdn Bp chuyen gia, den nay cudn su

dd hodn thdnh vd ra mat Ban dpc

Trong qud trinh Bien soan, kfidng trdnh kfioi nhUng kfiie'm kfiuye't, rd't mong tie'p tue dupe nfidn su quan tdm ciia cdc ddng ehi fdo thdnh cdch mang, cdc dong cfii cdn Bd fdnfi dao vd Ban dpc tfiam gia y kie'n ddng gdp, Bd sung de cud'n fich

su kfidng chie'n cua Ddng Bp, nhdn ddn vd fuc fuang vu trang Ninh (Binh dupc hodn thien, gdp phdn thiet thue vda viee gido due truyen thd'ng yeu nude vd cdch mang cho cdc tdng fdp nhdn ddn trang tinh

Xin trdn trpng gidi thieu eung Ban dpc!

DINH VAN HUNG

Bi thu Tinh uy, Chii tjch HDND tinh

Bi thu Dang uy quan sir tinh

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NINH BINH - VUNG DAT, CON NGl/ClI

VA TRUYEN THONG

Anh: Den thd vua Dinh Tien Hoang

Xa Trudng Yen - Huyen Hoa Lu- Tinh Ninh Binh

NINH BINH VIING DAT CON NGUOl VA TRUYEN THONG 13

I/ DAC DIEM DIA LY, LICH SU"

VA TRUYEN THONG TINH NINH BINH

Tinh Ninh Binh n i m d cUc nam dong bSng Bkc Bo,

ndi tiep giap giufa mien BSc va mien Trung Kinh tuyen 105°58'40" Dong, vi tuyen 20°15' BSc Phia Bac giap tinh Ha Nam, Tay B^c giap tinh Hoa Binh, phia Nam - Tay Nam giap tinh Thanh Hoa, phia Dong giap tinh Nam Dinh, Dong Nam giap bien Dien tich tU nhien 1.400km^, trong do co tren 554km^ dat canh tac nong nghiep

Trai qua bien thien cua lich sii, tijf thdi Hiing VUdng

dang nu6c nhd phu sa song Hong, song Day boi dip va

dac biet la hoat dong lan bien ciia con ngUdi*'\ dat dai Ninh Binh ngay cang dUdc md rong ra bien Dong

Ninh Binh dUdc mang cac ten goi: chau TrUdng Yen

(thdi Dinh), lo TrUdng Yen (thdi Ly - Tran), tran Sdn Nam (thdi Le), Thanh Hoa Ngoai tran (thdi Mac), dao Thanh Binh (nam Gia Long thti 5 - 1806), dao Ninh Binh (nam Minh Menh thil 3 - 1822), tran Ninh Binh (nam Minh Menh thil 10 - 1829), tinh Ninh Binh (nam

Minh Menh thii 12-1831)

Nam 1924 (thdi ky thuoc Phap), dia du Ninh Binh co

2 phu (Nho Quan va Yen Khanh), 4 huyen (Gia Viin

Gia Khanh, Yen Mo, Kim Sdn), 49 tdng va 367 xa, thon

giap, phUdng, trai*^'

'" Tir nam 1471 de'n nam I9.'i8, nhan dan Ninh Binh dSpde la'n bie'n 7 i^n

'-'Theo "Lich sir Ha Nam Ninh - lap ' " Phong Thong sir san xua't 1988 tr2.S8

14 NINH BINH LICH SU KHANG CHIEN 1945 - 1975

Nam 1952 Ninh Binh co 7 huyen, thi la Nho Quan, Gia Vien, Gia Khanh, Yen Khanh, Yen Mo, Kim Sdn va thi xa Ninh Binh va co 66 xa (trong do c6 23 xa thuoc Kim Sdn)'^'

Nam 1965 so' lUdng va ten goi cac huyen, thi xa trong tinh khong thay doi, nhUng so' xa, thi train thuoc cac huyen la 125 ddn vi Thi xa Ninh Binh den thdi diem nay chUa co ddn vi hanh chinh phUdng, xa

Dau nam 1976, tinh Nmh Binh va tinh Nam Ha hdp nhat thanh tinh Ha Nam Nmh Nam 1992, tinh Ha Nam Ninh dUdc chia tach thanh 2 tinh Ninh Binh va Nam Ha

Ngay 1 thang 4 nam 1992, tinh Ninh Binh tai lap den nay co 8 huyen - thi xa, 145 xa, phUdng, thi tran Thdi Dinh - Le - va dau thdi ky nha Ly, vung dat Ninh Binh vdi kinh do Hoa Lu da trd thanh trung tam chinh tri, van hoa - xa hoi ciia nu6c Dai Co Viet*^'

Thien nhien tao cho Ninh Binh dia hinh gan giong nhu mien Bac thu hep: c6 riing mii, dong bang, ven bien Riing niii Ninh Binh nam trong he thong mii da voi hinh cung tii bien gi6i Viet Nam - Trung Quoc ra tan bien Dong Nhin tren ban do To quoc, nhiing canh riing, ngon niii dan xen ke tiep nhau nam giCta Ninh Binh - Thanh Hoa giong nhu mot biic tUdng thanh mau diep Trdng do c6 khu riing nguyen sinh Ciic PhUdng da trd

'" Theo "Bao cao binh yeu dia chi Ninh Binh nam 19.')2" H6 so QD loai V.'i Liru tri? Bo Quoc phong

'"' Nam 968, Dinh Tien Hoang chon Hoa Lu lam kinh do ciia nudc Dai Co

Viet Nam 1010, Ly Thai To ddi do tu Hoa Lu v6 Dai La (,sau la Thang Long)

va doi ten nuoc la Dai Viet

NINH BiNH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl VA TRUYEN THONG 15

thanh VUdn Quoc gia (1962) v6i tham thiic vat va dong

vat quy hiem cua nu6c ta va the gidi"' Ciing trong "bi(c

tiCdng thdnh" nay, c6 nhieu hang dong ky thii ket hdp

vdi nhiing cong trinh kien triic bao ddi de lai, lam nen

mot quan the danh lam thang canh: Tam Coc - Bich

Dong (Nam thien de nhi dong), dong Dich Long (Nam

thien de tam dong), dong Thien Ton Dac biet co vung

mii doi, khe suoi, thung liing, deo doc vdi deo Ba Doi

(con goi la deo Tam Diep) noi tieng, Kem Do liing danh

"CO hong Bac - Nam", "ciCa di trong yen" giuta khu Ba va

khu Bon ciia dat nUdc ,

Ngoai nguon ldi ve kinh te riing, kinh te du lich va

nghien ciiu khoa hoc, riing niii Ninh Binh noi chung,

vung Tam Diep noi rieng cdn c6 vai tro rat ldn ve quan

sii trong lich sii diing nUdc va giii nUdc lau dai ciia dan

toe Tii khdi nghia ciia Hai Ba TrUng danh quan Nam

Han xam lUdc, nha tien Le giii viing chinh quyen, nha

Tran chong quan Mong - Nguyen, Le Ldi, Nguyen Trai

lanh dad chong quan Minh xam lUdc den doi quan

Tay Sdn vdi "nildc cd Tam Diep" va phong tuyen Tam

Diep - Bien Sdn tien ra Bac Ha tieu diet quan Thanh

deu diia vao viing riing niii Ninh Binh va sii dung viing

Tam Diep nhu la mot la chan trong hanh trinh giii nUdc

va diing nUdc ciia dan toe Trong hai cuoc khang chien

chong thiic dan Phap va de quoc My xam lUdc, viing

riing niii Ninh Binh luon luon dUdc chon lam can cii

'' Theo dieu tra ban dau, rCrng nay co 1.8.'i6 loai cay, "19 loai thu, 102 loai

:him, ^6 loai bo sat

16 NINH BINH LICH SU KHANG CHIEN 1945 - 1975

each mang, can cii khang chien cua nhan dan ta Mot so' binh doan chii liic cua Quan doi ta da ra ddi, diing chan

va hoat dong d day trong suo't qua trinh xay diing va chie'n da'u

Ninh Binh, cac huyen viing doi niii: Hoa Lu, Gia Vien, Nho Quan va thi xa Tam Diep co dia hinh long chao, tha'p triing, miia mUa thUdng ngap iing, lut; rai rac trong vCing co niii da voi tap trung hoac ddn le giiia dong nUdc menh mong tiia nhU vinh Ha Long*'' Cac huyen Yen Khanh, Yen Mo, Kim Sdn va mot phan cua huyen Hoa Lu va thi xa Ninh Binh co dia hinh lUdn song, do cao thay ddi thap dan ra phia bien, da't dai mau

md, r a t c6 ldi cho phat trien kinh te nong nghiep

DUdng sa, song ngdi Ninh Binh phan bd tUdng do'i deu, tien ldi cho viec di lai va giao luu kinh te, van hoa trong noi bo tinh vdi cac tinh khac Trong do, dac biet co dong song Day phan dinh dia gidi tii nhien giiia Ninh Binh - Nam Dinh va Ha Nam, xuoi ra tan bien Dong; dUdng qudc lo so' 1 chay xuyen qua 5/8 huyen, thi xa ciia tinh, dUdng sat Bac - Nam chay qua tii thi xa Ninh Binh den doc Xay thuoc thi xa Tam Diep

Vung bien d Ninh Binh nam trong viing bien bdi; day bien nong; bd bien dai hdn 15km, thuan tien cho giao thong dUdng thuy di Quang Ninh, Hai Phong,

' " Cuo'i theky XIX, Cao Ba Quat tren dudng vao Hue ung thi, qua Ninh Binh

da xui: cam viet v6 viing nay nhu sau:

"Song lira ddi la co gdi dep , , ^ , Niii nhu chen oc khdch idng say

Trdng trong gio mdt kho v6 tdn ' • Chi sa nhd tha a mai day"

(Danh nhan Van hoc Ha Nam Ninh, Hoi VHNT xuai ban 1982, tr38)

NINH BINH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl VA TRUYEN THONG 17

Ha Noi, Thanh Hoa va cac tinh phia Nam cua To qud'c;

va tao dieu kien phat trien kinh te bien, lain bien md

mang them dien tich da't dai

Tai nguyen thien nhien co than nau, than md, than

biin, da't set' cat trang, da voi, nUdc khoang Da voi c6

trii lUdng hang tram ty met khoi, la nguon vat lieu xay

diing cd gia tri Nudc sudi Kenh Ga (Gia Vien), Ciic

PhUdng (Nho Quan) dang dUdc khai thae, sii dung lam

nu6c giai khat

Ninh Binh chiu anh hUdng cua khi hau nhiet ddi gid

mda, vdi hai mCia rd ret: Mua ndng tii thang 5 den thang

10, mua lanh tii thang 11 den thang 4 Nhiet do trung

binh thang 6 la 29°C, thang 1 la 17°C Nhiet ^rthl'^""^

nhat la 4"C, cao nhat la 42°C LUdng mUa trung i ^ n l i jo^^^

hang nam tii 1.600™'" den 2.000'""", nhUng phan ho^^h^ R

deu giiia cac thang trong nam, giiia cac viing trong ^mh^ i

Thang 8 va thang 9 mUa nhieu nha't Hang n a n , !c9n^ ; ' '

^ o ^ •.•mm X 1 ^ J

thdi gian nay cac cdn bao tii bien Dong thUdng do be^^iz Lsr^^

dia ban tinh, trong dd c6 nhiing cdn bao ldn da gay chd" J

dia phUdng nhieu thiet hai ve ngUdi va ciia

Thien nhien dem lai cho Ninh Binh mot tiem nang

ve kinh te cd the phat trien phong phii va da dang

Ddng thdi, thien nhien ciing tao cho Ninh Binh mot dia

the hiem yeu ve quan sii Dd la dia ban cd dong chien

lUdc quan trong tien cd the danh, lui co the giii, mang

dam dau an lich sii chd'ng giac giii nUdc ciia dan toe ta

tii thdi Hai Ba TrUng danh quan Nam Han xam lUdc

den ngay nay

Cac nha khao cd hoc xac nhan Ninh Binh la mot

vung dat cd c6 con ngUdi cU tru tii rat sdm 0

Thung Lang (thi xa Tam Diep) cd xUdng rang ngUdi

2- LSTO

18 NINH BINH LICH SLT KHANG CHIEN 1945 • 1975

hoa thach each day 3 - 4 van nam 6 hang Dang Ddng

(Ciic PhUdng) cd di tich cua ngudi nguyen thuy each ngay nay 7.000 - 8.000 nam"'

Nam 1945, Ninh Binh cd khoang 35 van ngUdi Den nam 2005, dan sd trong tinh phat trien len tdi 913.002 ngUdi, dai bo phan la ngUdi Kinh, cd tren 10 nghin ngUdi thuoc cac dan toe it ngUdi, chii yeu la ngUdi Mudng sd'ng tap trung d mot so' xa mien nui Nho Quan; 84% so' dan theo dao Phat hoac khdng theo dao nao, 16% so' dan theo dao Thien Chua'^' (rieng huyen Kim Sdn dong bao theo dao thien chiia la 43% dan sd) sd'ng hoa ddng, dan xen d hau khap cac xa, phudng thi tran trong tinh

Trai qua hang ngan nam lich sii, nhan dan Ninh Binh doan ket, yeu thUdng, dum hoc nhau chd'ng thien tai dich hoa de duy tri va bao ve cuoc sd'ng, bao ve que hUdng, dat nUdc Td dd, nhan dan Ninh Binh ddi no nd'i ddi kia da hun due nen tinh yeu que hUdng, dat nudc ndng nan; tinh doan ket dan toe, doan ket lUdng giao; long nhan ai, vi tha, tinh yeu va diic tinh lao ddng can

CU, sang tao, ben bi, diing cam trd thanh truyen thd'ng tdt dep cho mudn ddi sau

Cuoc sd'ng xa hdi hoa ddng, phong phu ciia nhan dan Ninh Binh lam nay nd mdt nen van hoa da dang Tii ngan xUa, nhan dan ndi day da yeu chuong van hoa, nghe thuat, van hoc Nhiing cong trinh kien triic

va dieu khac ddc dao nhU den thd vua Dinh, vua Le

'" Bao tang Ninh Binh - Sd VHTT Ninh Binh 199.'), tr9,10

'-' Trong khiing chie'n chdng Phap (194.'i - 19.'i4) giao dan Ninh Binh chiem 1/4 dan sd ca tlnh

NINH BINH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl VA TRUYEN T H O N G 19

den T h a i Vi, n h a thd da P h a t Diem va nhiing le hoi

d a n gian cung biet bao thd, van, ca, m u a , n h a c , hoa;

t r o n g do cd h a t cheo (cd tii thdi Dinh - Le), h a t x a m d

Yen P h o n g (Yen Mo) cdn l u u t r u y e n den n g a y nay

T r e n linh viic giao due, n h a n d a n N i n h Binh ludn ludn

td r a hieu hoc N h i e u d a n h n h a n que N i n h Binh ndi

t i e n g xua't hien nhU: N g u y e n M i n h Khong h a m hoc

Dao P h a t , hoc n g h e thud'c, di n h i e u ndi chiia b e n h , md

m a n g chua chien, p h a t t r i e n dao P h a t , co cdng chiia

b e n h cho T h a i tii t r i e u Ly, dUdc v u a n h a Ly t r o n g d u n g

phong Quoc sU, va ngudi ddi s a u suy ton Ong la bac

T h a n h ; TrUdng H a n Sieu - n h a c h i n h tri x u a t sac, n h a

thd uyen bac, cd t a i tri qudc, a n d a n dudi bon t r i e u v u a

T r a n (Anh Tong, M i n h Tdng, Hien Tdng, Du Tdng), s a u

khi m a t dUdc thd t r o n g V a n Mieu n g a n g vdi cac bac

hien t r i e t thdi ay; N i n h Ton - n h a van, n h a sii hoc va la

n h a q u a n sii c6 tai; Dinh H u y Dao, ngUdi dUdc v u a

Q u a n g T r u n g k h e n la "ke tiic nho d ddt Bac, bac thae

vpng dudi trdi Nam, dUng ddu bdn vi quan coi viec tiC

hdn d cung Thdi mieu"; Vu Duy T h a n h , Vii P h a m K h a i

-n h a thd, -n h a v a -n hoa kiet xua't thdi Nguye-n

Trong lich sii chd'ng ngoai x a m cua dan tdc, do cd vi

tri chien lUdc q u a n trong ve q u a n sii n e n Ninh Binh

ludn luon la mot chien trUdng ndng bong, ddng thdi la

mdt h a u phUOng triic tiep hoac gian tiep ciia chien

t r a n h bao ve Td qud'c va giai phong dan toe Vdi long

nong n a n yeu nUdc va chi cam t h u giac sau sac, n h a n

d a n Ninh Binh ludn ludn kien cudng, b a t k h u a t chd'ng

ke t h u xam lUdc va moi bao ngUdc, cudng quyen, gdp

p h a n xdng dang vao nhiing chien cdng ldng ldy cua d a n

tdc trong moi thdi ky lich sii

20 NINH BINH LICH SU" KHANG CHIEN 1945 - 1975

Vao niia cudi t h e ky thii X, trudc canh loan 12 xd

q u a n gay biet bao d a u thUdng cho n h a n dan, can he den sii m a t cdn cua d a t nUdc, Dinh Bo Linh - ngUdi ddng Hoa Lu, chau Dai Hoang (tdc c h a u TrUdng Yen)'" r a t a y dep loan, t h u giang sdn ve mdt mdi N a m 968, dng len ngdi Hoang de, d a t ten nudc la Dai Cd Viet, chon Hoa

Lu xay k m h dd, bd nien hieu cua "Thien Trieu" (Hoang

de phong kien phUdng Bac), tii d a t nien hieu rieng la

"Thdi Binh" (970) Day la viec l a m bieu thi y chi doc lap,

thong n h a t d a t nUdc, khdng chiu le thuoc vao ngoai bang

T h a n g 7 n a m 980, n h a n tha'y nUdc Dai Cd Viet cd ndi bien, vua Tdng cho q u a n c h u a n bi s a n g xam lUdc Cung thdi gian, de td chdc va lanh dao q u a n dan ca nUdc

k h a n g chien chdng q u a n Tdng xam lUdc, bao ve n e n ddc lap cua da't nUdc thd'ng nha't Thai h a u DUdng Van Nga (Hoang h a u cua Dinh Tien Hoang) va tUdng si ddng long ton T h a p dai tUdng quan Le Hoan len ngdi vua t h a y Hoang de Dinh Toan cdn nho dai Td dd, Le Hoan sdm dn dinh tinh h i n h trong nUdc, lanh dao cudc k h a n g chien chd'ng Tdng, binh Chiem t h a n g ldi riic rd

Cudi the ky thd XIII, trong cuoc k h a n g chien chdng quan Nguyen - Mong xam lUdc lan t h d hai (nam 1285), vUdng trieu Tran rdi kinh t h a n h Thang Long lui quan ve vung rdng nui Chau TrUdng Yen'^' thuoc Id Trudng Yen xay diing can cd dia Tai day, n h a n dan trong 16 gop p h a n cung quan doi nha Tran danh tan mot bd p h a n quan Nguyen do Toa Do chi huy dong d TrUdng Yen, giai phong

'" Nay thudc xa Gia Phuong, huyen Gia Vifin

'"' Can cir dia Trudng Yen thuoc cac xa Ninh Hoii, Ninh Thang ngay nay

NINH BINH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl VA TRUYEN THONG 21

toan bd vung dat lo TrUdng Yen ngay 7 t h a n g 6 nam 1285

(tdc ngay 3 t h a n g 5 At Dau) Cung tai can cd dia TrUdng

Yen, n h a Tran td chdc tien quan phan cong danh t h a n g

quan Nguyen - Mong d Bach Dang, Van Kiep

D a u the ky t h d XV, n h a n d a n lo TrUdng Yen u n g hd,

gidp dd nghia q u a n cua T r a n Ngdi, D a n g T a t choang giac

Minh xam lUdc Ngay 30 t h a n g 12 n a m 1408 (tdc n g a y

14 t h a n g 12 Mau Ty), nghia q u a n cac dng tien d a n h

q u a n Minh d Bd Co (cdn cd ten la Boc Co, Hieu Cd thuoc

xa Yen Bang, huyen Y Yen, t i n h N a m Dinh ngay nay),

tieu diet h a n g van ten

Trong cuoc khdi nghia L a m Sdn do Le Ldi l a n h dao

(1418 - 1428), T r i n h Ldi ngUdi lang Sinh Dudc (Gia

Sinh, Gia Vien ngay nay) t d n g trong nom viec td chdc

san x u a t va h a u can cho nghia quan; t d n g chi h u y mot

dao q u a n chien da'u d u n g cam, tieu diet nhieu sinh liic

dich trong cuoc bao vay, t a n cdng Dong Do

Dinh Le ngUdi ddng Hoa Lu (nay thuoc h u y e n Hoa

Lu) di theo cd nghia L a m Sdn d a n h giac sudt 10 n a m

Cd luc dng da diing ddn t r a i d Ld Khe (Lien Ha, Ddng

Anh, H a Noi) de chd'ng giac Minh xam lUdc

The ky t h d XVIII, Dinh Huy Dao d Ngoc Dong (Gia

Phong, Gia Viin), Ninh Tdn d Cdi Tri (Yen My, Yen

Md) la n h d n g ngUdi cd cdng phd vua, giup nUdc, da tich

ciic t h a m gia xay diing phong tuyen T a m Diep - Bien

Sdn, tao b a n dap cho nghia quan Tay Sdn md cuoc tien

cong t h a n toe tieu diet 29 van quan T h a n h xam lUdc vao

m d a Xuan Ky Dau 1789

N a m 1858, thiic dan P h a p dem quan ddi vi§n chinh

theo dudng bien vao d a n h chiem Da Ndng, md dau thdi

22 NINH BINH LICH SU KHANG CHIEN 1945 - 1975

ky xam lUdc nUdc ta Tiep theo hdn mot phan tu the ky, quan Phap lan lUdt danh chiem mien Dong Nam Ky (1862) va mien Tay Nam Ky (1867), danh ra dat Bde (1873) va ngay 6 thang 6 nam 1884, mot hiep udc mdi (Hiep udc Patdndt) vdi noi dung dau hang cua vua quan nha Nguyen dang dat nUdc ta cho giac

Vdi truyen thdng yeu nU6c, nhan dan Ninh Binh da ddng len chien dau chdng giac quyet liet ngay td nhdng ngay ddu chung xam lUdc

Khi giac Phap mdi chiem Da Nang, Vu Duy Thanh (Trang Bong) que lang Van Bdng, huyen Yen Khanh dang sd len trieu dinh nha Nguyen xin quye't danh vdi

"bdy phiCdng sdeh cuXi niCdc'\ Khong dUdc trieu dinh tra

ldi, dng lai ngay dem nghien cdu va bd tien rieng mua

vat lieu che mau tau "hod cong thuy chien" de dang len

vua (Tu Ddc) Viec chUa xong, dng mat nam 1859

Dau thang 12 nam 1873, giac Phap keo quan tdi Ninh Binh bang mot chiec ca nd gan 1 khau dai bac (cd

6 vien dan), chd 6 thuy thu, 2 thd may va linh muc Tran Luc - Chanh xd dao Phat Diem td nam 1865 Tuan phu Ninh Binh la Nguy§n Thd cd trong tay 500 quan linh vdi day du vu khi (trong do co 26 khau dai bac bang ddng, 20 khau dai bac bang gang), dan dUdc, gao, mud'i nhUng sd chet da nop thanh Nmh Binh cho giac va bdt binh linh xep hang, quy gd'i, bd vu khi cho giac diem so' Khi giac keo den dia phan huyen Yen Khanh, Thien

Ho Gian (cung que Trang Bdng) va Bui Cam (tdc Tu Sau) phd'i hdp vdi Pham Van Nghi (Dd'c hoc Nam Dinh)

td chdc liic liidng chan danh dich d Don Thuy (Khanh Thien, Yen Khanh) do'i dien vdi Doc Bd - Phu Sa

NINH BINH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl vA TRUYEN THONG 23

(Nam Dinh) Dich chiem ddng dia b a n tinh 1 t h a n g roi

rut, bi nghia q u a n va n h a n dan ta tien d a n h d Yen

K h a n h va Ninh Gia, chan danh (quan thuy) d Dai HUng,

Do Gian gay nhieu ton t h a t cho dich

Ngay 22 t h a n g 8 n a m 1883, giac P h a p keo q u a n

d a n h chiem t h a n h Ninh Binh lan t h d hai'" C h u n g sd

d u n g bon tay sai doi lot t h a y t u cUdp p h a h u y e n Kim

Sdn va cho bon n a y ddng don d P h a t Diem C h u n g dieu

q u a n t d N a m Dinh vao d a n h chiem va ddng ddn d v u n g

r d n g n d i Nho Quan

Hudng d n g Chieu Can VUdng cua vua H a m Nghi

(17/3/1885), nhieu si p h u yeu nUdc diia vao sii u n g ho

cua n h a n dan ddng len khdi nghia

Phong trao Can VUdng lan rong k h a p cac dia phUdng

trong ca nUdc Ninh Binh c6 cuoc khdi nghia cua Thien

Ho Gian d Yen K h a n h va cudc khdi nghia cua Bang

TUdng d T h u Dien Thien Ho Gian cung hai con va cac

ddng sii mUu chiem lai t h a n h Ninh Binh, bi giac P h a p

b a t va xii td, n h a n dan vd cung thUdng tiec dng Luc ay

cd mot bai thd vieng Thien Ho Gian, trong dd cd cau:

"Ndi Thuy ciing ta chung goi, ngdy bdn viec, tot ngo

long, viee trdm ndm ghi nhd mdi

Song Vdn diia Bde trd ve, trdi dd mtia, dd't day sdm, sdm miia mpt trdn xdt thUcfng them"^'^\

Cung n h u t r e n p h a m vi ca nUdc, cac cuoc d a u t r a n h

vu t r a n g cua n h a n d a n Ninh Binh dUdi cd t u nghia cua

'" Nam 1882, Tuan phii Ninh Binh cho van chuydn luang thuc, kho tang tCr

thanh Ninh Binh vao Phii mdi (Binh Son, Yen Md) noi tau Phap khdng tdi

duoc va xay dung thanh mdi d day de chd'ng giac

'-' Van hoc yeu nudc va each mang Ha Nam Ninh, tap I, NXB Khoa hoc xa

h d i - H a Ndi 1981,tr284,

24 NINH BINH LICH SU KHANG CHIEN 1945 - 1975

cac si phu yeu nUdc, choang giac Phap xam lUOc va bon tay sai ban nUdc sudt may chuc nam rdng cua nda cudi the ky thd XIX deu khong thanh cong bdi thieu mot dUdng loi chinh tri dung dan cua giai cap tien phong lanh dao Tuy nhien, nhdng cudc da'u tranh vu trang ay

da cd tac dung cd vu tinh than yeu nUdc, tdi luyen y chi da'u tranh quat khdi, truyen thdng anh dung, ba't khua't chdng ngoai xam cua nhan dan Ninh Binh, tao tien de

de nhan dan trong tinh nhanh chdng tie'p thu anh sang each mang cua Dang va cua lanh tu Nguyen Ai Quoc, doan ket ddng len chie'n da'u vi doc lap, tii do trong giai doan lich sd mdi

II/ DAU TRANH G I A N H CHINH QUYEN

(1930-1945) ^5 Nam 1911, sau khi rdi Td qudc ra di tim dUdng cdu nUdc, cdu dan, mua he nam 1920, n h a each mang Nguyen Ai Qud'c (ten that la Nguyen Ta't Thanh)

da tim dUdc "cdi edn thiet eho chung ta", "con diCdng

gidi phdng chiing ta " dd la ban Luan cUdng cua Lenin

ve cac van de dan toe va thuoc dia NgUdi khang dinh

ddt khoat: "Chi cd chu nghia xd hpi, chii nghia cdng sdn

mdi gidi phdng diicfc cdc ddn tpc bi dp biic vd nhiing ngUdi lao dpng tren the gidi khdi dch nd le"'" Td dd, chu

nghia Mac - Lenin va tU tUdng each mang cda NgUdi dUdc truyen ba vao phong trao yeu nUdc, phong trao cdn'^ nhan Viet Nam

" Hd Chf Minh tuyen tap, tap II (1955 - 1969), NXB Su that Ha Ndi

1960, trl75 .^ i - '

NINH BINH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl VA TRUYEN THONG 25

Nam 1925, td chdc Hpi Viet Nam each mang thanh

nien (trUde day thudng goi la Viet Nam Thanh nien

each mang ddng chi hoi) do lanh tu Nguyen Ai Qud'c

sang lap ra ddi

Thang 6 nam 1927, Ky bd Hdi Viet Nam each mang

thanh nien Bac Ky cd can bd ve gay cd sd each mang d

Nmh Binh Den cuo'i nam 1927, toan tinh cd 3 chi bd

Hoi Viet Nam each mang thanh nien dUdc thanh lap d

Lu Phong (Nho Quan), Cdi Tri (Yen Mo) va TrUdng Yen

(huyen Gia Vien, nay thuoc huyen Hoa Lu) Cung thdi

gian, cac to chdc quan chung each mang nhU Xich Thd

(to chdc CO xu hudng cdng san cua thanh nien), Ndng

hoi dd, Hoi canh nong, Hdi cay, Td doc sach bao cung

dUdc lap ra d 30 lang thudc cac huyen Nho Quan, Gia

Vien, Gia Khanh va Yen Md

Ngay 24 thang 6 nam 1929, chi bo Ddng DUdng Cong

san Dang dau tien d Ninh Binh dUdc thanh lap d Ld

Phong (Nho Quan) gom 8 dang vien, ddng chi LUdng Van

Thang dUdc cU lam Bi thU, tiep sau dd, cac chi bo Ddng

DUdng Cong San Dang Coi Tri (Yen Md) va TrUdng Yen

(Gia Vien) dUdc thanh lap Dang vien trong cac chi bo

nay la nhdng hoi vien tien tien cua cac chi bo Hoi Viet

Nam each mang thanh nien Bd'n thang sau, do yeu cau

phat trien cua phong trao can co sii chi dao chung, Tinh

uy Ddng Dudng Cong san Dang lam thdi Ninh Binh dUdc

thanh lap (10 - 1929), ddng chi Nguyen Van Hoan dUdc

cd lam BI thu

Thiic hien chu trUdng cua Trung Udng Dong DUdng

Cong san Dang, de gay anh hUdng cua Dang va cung

cd long tin trong quan chdng, Tinh uy chi dao cac chi

bo nhan ngay "chd'ng de qudc chie'n tranh (1 • 8)" va

26 NINH BINH LK^H SLf KHANG CHIEN 1945 - 1975

"ky niem ldn thit 12 cdch mang thdng Mudi Nga (7/11/1917 - 7/11/1929)", td chdc cdm cd bua liem,

rai truyen ddn, dan ap phich d cac ndi tap trung ddng ngUdi qua lai Dem mong 6 rang ngay 7 thang 11

nam 1929, cd dd bua liem mang ddng chd "Xd - Nga

van tue", "dng hp Xd - Nga ", "Ddng Duang Cdng sdn Ddng" dUdc cac ddng chi Nguyen Van Hoan va LUdng

Van Tuy cam tren dinh nui Non Nudc (thi xa Ninh Binh) Cung dem mdng 6 thang 11 (1929), truyen ddn xua't hien d Chd Rong, mot vai phd' thuoc thi xa Ninh Binh, cac huyen ly Gia Vien, Nho Quan, Yen Md va ga Ghenh, chd Vinh KhUdng

Hoang sd trUdc sii phat trien cua phong trao each mang, de qud'c Phap tien hanh dan ap bat 24 can bo, dang vien va quan chdng each mang Ninh Binh, trong dd

cd cae ddng chi Nguyen Van Hoan - Bi thU Tinh uy,

Ta Uyen Bi thU chi bo Cdi Tri va LUdng Van Tuy ngUdi thanh nien Cong san TrUdc toa an quan thu, nhdng ngUdi Cong san va quan chung each mang Ninh Binh kien quyet da'u tranh bac bd moi ket toi cua chung; ddng chi Nguyen Van Hoan cdn ddng dac tuyen

-bd: "Hdm nay, cdc anh Id ngitdi xii chung toi Ngdy mai

day, cUng chinh d chd ndy, chiing tdi se Id ngUdi xii cdc anh"'^\

Ngay 3 thang 2 nam 1930, Dang Cong san Viet Nam

ra ddi danh dau budc ngoat lich sd cua phong trao yeu nUde va each mang cua nhan dan Viet Nam

'" Lich sir Dang bd Ninh Binh 1929 - 1945 Ban nghien cuu lich sir Dang Tlnh

uy Ninh Binh xuai ban 1976, trl7 - 18

NINH BINH VUNG D A T CON NGUOl VA TRUYEN THONG 27

Dudi a n h s a n g dudng Id'irach m a n g cua D a n g va cda

l a n h t u Nguyen Ai Qud'c, n h d n g t r u y e n thd'ng tdt dep

cua n h a n d a n Ninh Binh dUdc p h a t huy, trd t h a n h mot

t r o n g n h d n g n h a n to' q u a n trong de tien h a n h khdi

n g h i a vu t r a n g gianh chinh quyen each m a n g va k h a n g

chien chd'ng P h a p t h a n g ldi

Trong cao t r a o each m a n g 1930 - 1931 do D a n g p h a t

ddng, Ninh Binh la mdt trong n h d n g dia phUdng co

n h i e u cd sd each m a n g dUdc xay diing va cung cd H a u

h e t cac cd sd each m a n g t r o n g t i n h deu co chi bo hoac

d a n g vien phu trach T d ngay 20 den ngay 29 t h a n g 6

n a m 1931, lien tiep nd ra cac cuoc bieu tinh cua ndng

dan cae h u y e n Nho Q u a n , Gia Vien, Gia K h a n h keo ve

h u y e n ly, t i n h ly ddi chinh quyen phong kie'n de qud'c

giam t h u e , k h a t t h u e t h a n g ldi

T h a n g 9 n a m 1939, chien t r a n h the gidi lan t h d h a i

b u n g nd Thiic dan P h a p t a n g cUdng k h u n g bd^, d a n ap

phong trao each mang, vd vet, bde lot sdc ngUdi, sdc cua

cua n h a n dan ta Do do, t d cud'i n a m 1939 den dau n a m

1941, phong trao each m a n g Ninh Binh gap r a t n h i e u

kho k h a n • '•'

T h a n g 11 n a m 1939, Hdi nghi l a n t h d 6 Ban C h a p

h a n h T r u n g Udng D a n g chi rd: luc nay d Viet N a m va

Dong Dudng, sii thdng tri cua de qud'c P h a p da trd

t h a n h mot che do p h a t xit thudc dia rd ret va n h d n g ke

cam dau che do dd d a n g mUu toan thoa hiep, dau h a n g

p h a t xit Nhat Do do, giai phong d a n tdc khdi ach de

qud'c, du la P h a p hay N h a t trd t h a n h nhiem vu cap bach

n h a t va muc tieu ehien lUdc trUdc m a t cua each m a n g

Viet N a m

28 NINH BINH LICH SLf KHANG CHIEN 1945 - 1975

T h a n g 6 n a m 1940, Chinh p h u P h a p dau h a n g p h a t xit Ddc T h a n g 9 n a m 1940, P h a p d a n g Ddng DUdng cho

N h a t T d day, n h a n dan Viet N a m , n h a n dan N i n h Binh

p h a i chiu mot cd hai trdng, vda lam no le cho P h a p , v d a

l a m t r a u ngiia cho N h a t

Ngay 28 t h a n g 1 n a m 1941, l a n h t u Nguyen Ai Qudc

ve nUdc triic tiep l a n h dao each mang Ngay 10 t h a n g 5

n a m 1941, vdi tU each dai bieu Qudc te Cong san, dong chi Nguyen Ai Qud'c chu tri hoi nghi lan t h d 8 Ban chap

h a n h T r u n g Udng D a n g Cong s a n Ddng DUdng hop tai Pac Bd (Cao Bang) Hoi nghi xac dinh nhiem vu giai phdng dan toe la nhiem vu bde thiet nha't cua each m a n g Dong DUdng; ke t h d chinh cua n h a n dan Ddng Dudng la

p h a t xit P h a p - N h a t va cac liic liidng p h a n each m a n g

t a y sai cua chdng Hoi nghi chi rd dUdng ldi each m a n g

trong giai doan nay la "ddnh dudi Phdp - Nhdt, Ddng

Ducfng hodn todn dpc lap " Hdi nghi quyet dinh t h a n h

lap Viet N a m doc lap ddng minh goi t a t la Viet Minh

n h a m t a p hdp, ddng vien moi t a n g ldp n h a n d a n ddng len dung khdi nghia vu t r a n g de dap t a n ach thd'ng tri cua thiic dan P h a p , p h a t xit Nhat, gianh lai ddc lap va chu quyen dan tdc, lap nen N h a nUdc dan chd cdng hoa

C a n cd vao t i n h t h a n noi d u n g cac Nghi quye't cda

T r u n g Udng D a n g t h a n g 11 n a m 1939, t h a n g 11 n a m

1940, t h a n g 5 n a m 1941, D a n g bd N i n h B i n h r a sdc

h o a t dong khoi p h u c lai p h o n g t r a o va td chdc cac

doan t h e each m a n g m a n g t e n "Hpi phdn dd" (td cud'i

n a m 1939), "Hpi ei(u qud'c" (td gida n a m 1941 t r d di),

nhU: T h a n h n i e n cdu quoc, P h u n d cdu quo'c, N o n g

d a n cdu quoc

NINH BINH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl vA TRUYEN THONG 29

T h a n g 7 n a m 1941, D a n g bo t i n h td chdc hdi nghi d

t h d n Hoi (Nho Quan) de pho bien rong rai tinh t h a n

Nghi quyet 8 (5/1941) cua T r u n g Udng D a n g va t h u cda

l a n h t u Nguyen Ai Quoc keu goi n h a n d a n ea nUdc doan

ket ddng len d a n h do P h a p - N h a t va tay sai cua chdng

Hdi nghi cd 30 dai bieu cd sd each m a n g cua cac h u y e n

Nho Quan, Gia Vien, Yen Md t h a m dii deu to rd niem

p h a n khdi tin tUdng vao dudng loi each m a n g cua D a n g

va quyet t a m day m a n h phong t r a o each m a n g t r o n g

t i n h tien tdi Hdi nghi thdng n h a t de r a chu trUdng:

"Gia cUdng to chdc tU ve d khdp nai vd khuyen khich mgi ngUdi chdm lo viee luyen tap qudn sU, tap vd To chiirc

canh phdng bi mat d cdc nai, de phdng dieh khung bd"^^\

Sau hdi nghi, t r e n cd sd cac td chdc cdu qud'c cua q u a n

chung p h a t trien m a n h , n h i e u ddi tii ve dUdc t h a n h lap

0 Nho Q u a n va Gia Vien; 8 t h a n h nien'^' dUdc D a n g bo

cd di hoc t a p , t h a m gia xay dUng chien k h u Ngoc T r a o

(Thanh Hoa) va dao tao can bo q u a n sii, c h u a n bi cho vu

t r a n g khdi nghia

T h a n g 1 n a m 1943, D a n g bo N i n h Binh cU 12 c a n

bo di dii ldp h u a n l u y e n q u a n sii do Xd uy Bac Ky md

d t h u n g Ddng B a n g (Nho Q u a n ) ; va l a n h dao n h a n

d a n t r o n g t i n h da'u t r a n h choang N h a t b a t dao sdng

Yen Md, p h a ke hoach v a n t a i q u a n sii cua dich t r e n

sdng n h a Le

Hoc xong ldp h u a n luyen q u a n sii d Ddng Bang,

12 hoc vien Ninh Binh toa ve cac h u y e n Gia K h a n h ,

'"Lich sir Dang bd Ninh Binh 1929 - 1945 Sdd, tr56

'-' Gdm cac ddng chi: Kinh (d thdn Sai); Tua'n, Tuye'n (d thdn Ddi); Mao tuc

Nghj, Lap, Hoa (d Lu Phong), Quang tiJc Kiem (d xa Gia Phong)

30 NINH BINH LICH SU K H A N G CHIEN 1945 • 1975

Gia Vien va Nho Q u a n md h a n g loat ldp h u a n luyen chinh tri, q u a n sii cho can bo cd sd Nhd vay, cd sd chinh tri va cd sd vu t r a n g trong q u a n chdng cang dudc md rdng Tai tdng Quynh LUu, mot chi doi tii ve chien dau dUdc t h a n h lap gdm 3 t r u n g ddi cda Quynh LUu, Lu Phong va Phuc Lai, do ddng chi Vu N h a t lam Chi ddi trudng, dong chi Vu Thd lam Chinh tri chi dao vien Cac doi vien tii ve trong chi ddi deu dUdc t r a n g bi vu khi thd

sd n h u ma tau, kiem, giao Ban can sU Dang tinh td chdc cong n h a n dot n h a p vao ddn dien Chu Van L u a n lay dUdc hai k h a u sung b a n chim t r a n g bi cho Chi ddi Cac

t r u n g ddi tU ve thUdng xuyen bd' tri canh gac cac nga dudng vao tdng va nhieu dem td chdc t a p luyen de quen

d a n vdi cac ddng tac, yeu linh q u a n sii Tai cac ndi khac nhU: Gia Vien, Gia K h a n h , Yen Md va thi xa Ninh Binh, liic lUdng tii ve cong khai va bi m a t cung dUdc h i n h

t h a n h va p h a t trien Cud'i n a m 1943 dau n a m 1944,

h u y e n Gia Vien xay diing dUdc mdt t r u n g doi tii ve d xa Tri Hoi gdm hdn 40 ngUdi, do ddng chi D a n g H d u Viet lam T r u n g doi trUdng, dong chi Tin lam T r u n g doi phd

N a m 1943, q u a n N h a t keo vao N i n h Binh d a t cd

q u a n dai dien ben c a n h toa Cdng sd P h a p Cud'i n a m

1944, chung dUa b i n h linh den ddng d t i n h ly Ninh Binh

va doc dudng qud'c 16 lA, dUdng 10, dUdng 59 C h u n g chiem n h a thd d thi xa lam t r a i linh, chiem c h d a Sdn Thuy (ndi Canh Dieu), dinh Dun, chua Bat l a m k h o

s u n g dan; bon tay sai d cac huj'en, xa n h a n dip n a y t a n g cudng boc lot, cudp doat r u d n g dat cua ndng dan Bon

p h a n dong doi lot dao T h i e n chua d Kim Sdn, Yen

K h a n h , Yen Md ra sdc hoat ddng chong lai each m a n g

NINH BINH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl vA TRUYEN THONG 31

T d cud'i n a m 1944 d a u n a m 1945, chien t r a n h t h e

gidi lan t h d II bUdc vao giai doan ket t h u c Q u a n doi

Xd - Viet md cudc tien cdng vu bao ve Bec-lin (Ddc), l a n

lUdt giai p h d n g cac nUdc T r u n g , Dong Au T r o n g k h i

dd, d N i n h Binh, chien t r a n h triic tiep lan tdi thi xa

T h a n g 12 n a m 1944, m a y bay My n e m bom d a n h sap

cau N i n h Binh Mac dd vay, p h o n g t r a o each m a n g

Ninh Binh v a n k h d n g n g d n g p h a t t r i e n

Ngay 22 t h a n g 12 n a m 1944, theo chi thi cua l a n h

t u Nguyen Ai Qud'c, Dpi Viet Nam tuyen truyen gidi

phong qudn dUdc t h a n h lap tai mdt k h u r d n g gida hai

tong T r a n HUng Dao va Hoang Hoa T h a m thuoc chau

Nguyen Binh, tinh Cao Bang

Thiic hien Chi thi cua T r u n g Udng Dang, triic tiep la

cda dong chi Hoang Qud'c Viet, Uy vien Ban thudng vu

T r u n g Udng Dang, Bi thU Xd uy Bac Ky, ngay 3 t h a n g 2

n a m 1945, cac dong chi Vu Thd - TrUdng b a n can sii

Dang tinh Hoa Binh, T r a n Kien - TrUdng b a n can sii

Dang tinh Ninh Binh va Td H d u - Bi t h u Tinh uy T h a n h

Hoa nhdm hop tai lang Lu Phong, tdng Quynh Luu

(Ninh Binh) (nha dng LUdng Van Dang) b a n viec lap

chien khu t r e n dia b a n r d n g ndi cua 3 tinh va chuan bi

ddn Ddi Viet Nam tuyen truyen gidi phdng qudn tien

q u a n t d phia Bac xuo'ng phia Nam Hoi nghi thdng nha't

cac ke hoach dam bao h a u can; md rong cd sd each m a n g

doc cac true dUdng doi q u a n chd liic se di qua; phd'i hdp

hdat ddng gida liic lUdng each m a n g 3 tinh trong qua

trinh xay diing chien k h u Hoa - Ninh - T h a n h

N g a y 9 t h a n g 3 n a m 1945, q u a n N h a t dao c h i n h

P h a p d Dong D u d n g TrUdc t i n h h i n h mdi, n g a y 12

t h a n g 3 n a m 1945 B a n ThUdng vu T r u n g Udng D a n g

32 NINH BINH LICH SLf K H A N G CHIEN 1945 • 1975

r a chi t h i : "Nhdt • Phdp bdn nhau vd hdnh dpng cua

chung ta"

Mac dd chUa n h a n dUdc Chi thi lich sd n g a y 12

t h a n g 3 n a m 1945 cua T r u n g Udng, nhUng t r o n g t i n h the chinh quyen P h a p v d a bi t a n ra, chinh quyen N h a t con chUa dn dinh, bon hao ly d ndng thdn d a n g h o a n g

m a n g trUdc sii t h a y doi chd, q u a n c h d n g n h a n d a n d a n g

bi r\a.n ddi k h u n g khiep do N h a t - P h a p gay r a cUdp di

h a n g van sinh mang'" B a n can sii D a n g N i n h Binh da kip thdi quyet dinh: P h a t ddng phong t r a o p h a cac kho thoc cua giac N h a t cdu doi cho dan, md dau b a n g cudc

p h a kho thdc d n h a phd T r a c h t h o n S u a (tdng Q u y n h LUu), ndi cd n h i e u kho thdc cua N h a t ; ddng thdi la ndi

CO phong t r a o each m a n g sdm va m a n h nha't tinh

Sang ngay 15 t h a n g 3 n a m 1945, dudi sii chi dao triic tiep cua dong chi TrUdng b a n Ban can sii D a n g tinh, Tdng uy Quynh Luu td chdc h a n g t r a m q u a n c h d n g cdu qudc, CO t u ve chien dau bao ve, keo den p h a kho thdc d

n h a pho Trach, chia cho n h a n dan DUdc cd vu bdi t h d n g ldi dau tien nay, q u a n chung n h a n dan tiep tuc keo di pha cac kho thdc d cac lang khac trong tdng Bon hao ly cac ndi khiep sd trUdc khi the each m a n g cua q u a n chdng, khong dam p h a n dng Budi trUa cdng ngay, tri phu Nho Q u a n la Thai Van Thinh dem linh bao a n ve Quynh LUu dan ap Chdng nd sung vao q u a n c h u n g d a n g chuyen thoc, sat h a i a n h LUdng Van Mac, tii ve edu qud'c

'" Tir cud'i nam 1944, toan tinh cd tdi ^7.936 ngudi bi chei ddi Rieng Kim Son Cii vu ddi nam 1945 cd 22.908 ngudi (trong 6.616 ho) chet ddi, cd 1.571 gia dinh chei khdng cdn mot ai va ^.814 ngudi phai tha huang cau thuc (theo Lich sir Dang bo Ninh Binh 1929- 1945, sach da dSn, tr 68)

NINH BINH VUNG DAT CON NGUOl VATRUYEN THONG 33

lang Lu Phong Chung cdn bdn chet ddng chi BI thU Tdng

uy Ludng Van Tai Cam u a t trUdc h a n h dong t a n bao cua

dich, ddng bao dung ddn ganh, gay gdc, giao mac xdng

tdi d a n h t r a quyet liet, dap chet tai cho hai ten linh va

lam toac m a t ten tri phd, n h d n g ten cdn sd'ng bo ca 6 to,

xe dap va 2 k h a u sung, thao chay ve P h u Nho Quan Sau

t r a n d a n h t r a t h a n g ldi, phong trao pha kho thdc dich lan

n h a n h k h a p tdng Quynh LUu, rdi t d Quynh LUu p h a t

trien sang cac tdng, h u y e n khac trong tlnh Chi trong

mot thdi gian ngan, h a n g may chuc kho thoc cua giac

N h a t bi pha, h a n g van gia dinh ndng dan dUdc chia thdc,

cdu thoat khdi n a n chet ddi

Phong trao pha kho thoc cdu doi dUdc day len t d

Quynh L U u t r d t h a n h ddt song each m a n g dau tien cua

cao trao khang Nhat, cdu nUdc trong tlnh Chinh ddt song

each mang dd lam xua't hien lan dau tien mdt khu giai

phdng gdm tdng Quynh Luu va mot so' xa giap Quynh LUu

cua hai huyen Nho Quan, Gia Vien, ke tii ngay 1 t h a n g 4

n a m 1945 Tai khu giai phdng, bon tay sai cua dich bi

trdng tri hoac bi khong che, te liet, chinh quyen each

m a n g d tdng va xa dUde t h a n h lap "Nhdn ddn khu gidi

phdng dugc sd'ng tU do, vui tUcfi, ndo nhiet, hod thudn vd

cdi md Ban dem, nhd ndo nhd ndy ciCa md tung, dnh den dude lap ldnh nhU sao sa, hpi hgp, hge hdnh, luyen tap sdi

ndi nhu ngdy tet Chinh quyen cdch mgng dep de gdp

nghin ldn chinh quyen de qud'c ve mgi mgf'^^K

N h a m t a n g cUdng sii lanh dao cua Dang bo Ninh

Binh, dau t h a n g 5 n a m 1945, Xd uy Bac Ky quyet dinh

'" Bao Khdi nghTa, co quan tuyen truyen ciia Viet Minh khu Ba Dinh (Thanh

Hoa) sd thang 4/1945 viet vd khu giai phdng Quynh Luu

3- LSTD

34 NINH BINH LICH SLT K H A N G CHIEN 1945 - 1975

t h a n h lap Tinh uy lam thdi (thay Ban can sii D a n g tinh),

cd ddng chi N g u y i n Van Mdc (tdc Le Thanh) lam Bi t h u Tiep do, Xd uy ed t h e m ddng chi LUdng N h a n , mdt can

bo mdi trdn khoi n h a t d Nghia Ld ra, phu trach v a n ae

q u a n sii Dudi sii lanh dao cda D a n g bo, phong t r a o each

m a n g trong tinh dUdc hUdng vao 4 nhiem vu chinh:

- Phdt trien lUc lUpng ciCu qud'c vd tU ve ehien ddu,

tien tdi thdnh lap mpt chi dpi vd trang tap trung cua khu cdn cd d Quynh Liiu (ve sau thdnh edn cd trung tdm ciia chien khu Quang Trung); lap cdc Id ren vd khi^ thd SCf, ddy mgnh van dpng nhdn ddn ung kg tien de mua sung dgn vd ddng gdp thdc ggo cung cap cho liie lupng vii trang

• Phdt trien mgnh me cd sd vd liic lUcfng cdch mgng;

md rpng Mat trdn Viet Minh, tdn dung mgi hinh thdc de tap hgp mgi liic lUdng cd the tap hgp dUdc, tap trung mdi nhgn ciia cdch mgng vdo gigc Nhdt, ddy mgnh hcfn niia cao trdo khdng Nhdt cdu nUdc

• Van dpng nhdn ddn ddu tranh ddi hodn thue, khdng npp thue cho dich

- Chudn bi khdi nghia d nhiing nefi cd dieu kien, trong

dd chu trgng vdn de trit gian diet phdn vd tien tdi xod bd chinh quyen dich, thdnh lap chinh quyen cdch mgng

Thiic hien nghi quyet Hoi nghi quan sii Bde Ky (4/1945)'", cud'i t h a n g 5 n a m 1945, dUdi sii chi dao triic tiep cua ddng chi Van Tien Dung - Uy vien ThUdng vu

" Nghi quyei ciia Hoi nghi quan su Bic Ky cd ndi dung chii yeu la:

- Phat trien lire luang vti trang va thdng nhai Viet Nam cu'u qud'c vdi Viet Nam tuyen truydn giai phdng quan thanh Viet Nam giai phdng quan

- xay dung 7 chie'n khu trong ca nudc d6 lam ban dap cho cudc tdng khdi nghTa, 7 chie'n khu dd la: Le La\, Hoang Hoa Tham, Quang Trung, Tran

Hung Dao, (mien Bac); Trung T r k , Phan Dinh Phiing (mien Trung) va NguyiSn Tri Phuang (mien Nam)