Luận án quản lý nhà nước về di sản văn hóa vật thể thế giới tại việt nam

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TRIỆU THỊ NGỌC STATE MANAGEMENT OF THE WORLD’S TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGES IN VIỆT NAM Field of st[.]

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

AND TRAINING

MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

TRIỆU THỊ NGỌC

STATE MANAGEMENT OF THE WORLD’S TANGIBLE

CULTURAL HERITAGES IN VIỆT NAM

Field of study: Public Management

Code: 9 34 04 03

SUMMARY OF DOCTOR THESIS

HÀ NỘI, 2022

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The thesis is completed at:

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Supervisors:

1 Dr Trinh Thanh Ha

2 Dr Nguyen Danh Nga

Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3:

The thesis shall be defended in front of the Academy-level Thesis Evaluation Council

Venue: The Doctoral Thesis Defence – Meeting Room… Block

……, National Academy of Public Administration No 77 Nguyen Chi Thanh Street – Dong Da District - Hà Nội

Time: at ……… hour … date … month … year 2022

The thesis can be found at The Library of the National Academy of Public Administration, the Post Graduate Faculty’s Website; and the National Library of Vietnam

INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale

Culture and cultural heritages form a field of interest to every country over the world Preserving and promoting the value of cultural heritages has become a globally social issue One of the ways to carry out

the function of maintaining, enhancing and disseminating the knowledge

of one organization, as prescribed by UNESCO, is to conserve and protect world heritages of books, art works and other historical or scientific works, and to recommend concerned countries on necessary international conventions, in order to enhance cultural understanding by each country

in the world, and to create an environment of peace, cooperation and development of the mankind

The Vietnam Communist Party (VCP) and the State are particularly interested in preserving and promoting the values of cultural heritages and the world’s tangible cultural heritages (hereinafter, WTCHs) in the country The 8th VCP National Party Congress determined that “Cultural heritages form an invaluable asset that unites ethnic communities, being the core of the national identity and the basis for creating new values and cultural exchanges” The Party’s above-mentioned viewpoint has continuously been affirmed throughout many of its terms, concretized into many important resolutions, and concretized by the State through legal regulations suitable to each development period of society

Over the past time, implementing the Party’s resolutions and the the State’s laws, many provinces and cities throughout the country have developed projects to preserve and promote the values of cultural heritages Many cultural heritages are invested in for conservation and anti-degradation; many have been ranked and recognized as World Cultural Heritages As of August 2022, eight ones in Vietnam have been recognized by UNESCO as WTCHs That cultural heritages have been attentively invested in by the State, and many items and works have been preserved and put into exploitation and use has actively contributed to the socio-economic development of the locality where there is a World Heritage site, the material, cultural and spiritual life of the local people thus being improved However, the state management of cultural heritages

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and World Tangible Cultural Heritages in Vietnam (hereinafter, the state management of VWTCHs) remains much limited and ineffective UNESCO has recommended an urgency to fix it soon, or else the heritages will be withdrawn from the list of World Heritage Sites

On the other hand, in the context of increasingly deepening globalization and international integration, the strong development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the digital economy, the state management of culture and the WTCHs is also facing a lot of new opportunities and challenges that require theoretical and practical research

to find effective orientations and solutions, contributing to perfecting the state management of the VWTCHs

Therefore, the PhD student chose the topic "State Management of the World's Tangible Cultural Heritages in Vietnam" to study her doctoral thesis, majoring in public management

2 Research purposes and tasks

3 Object and scope of research

3.1 Research subjects

The research object of the thesis is the theory and practice of state

management of world tangible cultural heritages in Vietnam

3.2 Research scope

- Regarding the research content: the scope of research was limited

to the content of state management of VWTCHs, which include: Building

and directing the implementation of strategies, master plans and plans for WTCHs conservation and promotion; Promulgating and organizing the implementation of legal documents on WTCHs; Consolidating the

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organization of the state management apparatus on WTCHs; Building and developing a contingent of managerial and professional civil servants on WTCHs; Supporting and mobilizing financial resources and facilities for WTCHs conservation; Inspecting, examining and handling violations of the law on WTCHs; and, Organizing and carrying out scientific research and international cooperation in the field

Regarding the research space: State management of VWTCHs was

studied in seven provinces and cities with WTCHs: Hanoi, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh, Thua Thien Hue, and Quang Nam

Regarding the research period: The reality of state management of

VWTCHs between 2010 and 2021 was researched, investigated and surveyed Then, orientation was made to perfect state management of VWTCHs in the coming period

4 Methodology and research methods

4.1 Methodology

On the basis of dialectical and historical materialist methodology, the PhD student interpreted the theoretical and practical basis of the state management of VWTCHs according to objective dialectical logic thinking in common relations At the same time, she studied Ho Chi Minh's thoughts and the Party's views on cultural heritages and WTCHs

in Vietnam

4.2 Research Methods

The thesis is based on a combination of a number of specific

research methods: First, research of secondary literature; second, the method of sociological investigation; third, methods of comparison, statistics, analysis and synthesis; and, fourth, methods of processing

information and data

5 Scientific hypothesis and research questions

5.1 Scientific hypothesis

State management of VWTCHs has achieved certain positive results However, WTCHs in Vietnam keep being degraded, infringed, and over-exploited, and their values have not yet been promoted The main reasons involve slow concretization and implementation of the institutions, an overlapping management apparatus, and an underwhelming capacity of the management and professional staff on

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WTCHs; plus, financial resources and material foundations for heritage conservation activities being inadequate compared to actual requirements, and control activities remaing loose due to a lack of coordination among state agencies If there are good solutions with the support of UNESCO, the state management of VWTCHs in the coming time will be more complete

5.2 Research question

Some key research questions are: How has the state management of WTCHs been studied so far by organizations and individuals? What are the theoretical bases and practical experience of state management of WTCHs? How is the state management of VWTCHs currently being implemented? What viewpoints, orientations and solutions should be based on in order to improve the state management of VWTCHs in the coming time?

6 New contributions of the thesis

Firstly, the thesis has reviewed the research results of domestic and

foreign individuals and organizations related to the state management of

VWTCHs Second, it has clarified and supplemented a number of concepts:

tangible cultural heritages, WTCHs, and, state management of WTCHs

Third, the thesis has identified the contents of such state management,

which includes (i) Formulating and directing the implementation of strategies, master plans and plans for WTCHs conservation; (ii) Promulgating and organizing the implementation of legal documents on WTCHs; (iii) Consolidating the organization of the state management apparatus on WTCHs; (iv) Building and developing a contingent of civil servants and public employees for WTCHs; (v) Supporting and mobilizing financial resources and facilities for WTCHs activities; (vi) Inspecting, examining and handling violations of the law on WTCHs; and, (vii) Organizing and conducting scientific research and international

cooperation in the field Fourthly, the thesis has studied the experience of

state management of the WTCHs from some countries, drawing valuable

lessons of experience for Vietnam Fifth, it has identified the causes of limitations in the state management of VWTCHs Sixth, the thesis has

proposed eight solutions to improve the state management of VWTCHs

7 Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis

7.1 Theoretical significance

Third, the research results contribute to the development of science

majoring in public management and, in particular, contribute to the development of the theory of state management of culture and WTCHs

7.2 Practical significance

Firstly, after analyzing and assessing the reality of state

management of VWTCHs, the thesis has made objective judgments, evaluated results and limits, and identified the causes of limitations of the

reality Second, the research can be used as a valuable reference for

managers and state agencies on cultural heritages and WTCHs in building, perfecting and organizing the implementation of management tools, such

as laws, policies, organizational apparatus, resources At the same time, the thesis can serve as a reference for the research and teaching of state management of cultural heritages; and it can serve as a reference for countries with WTCHs

8 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, table of contents, list of references and appendices, the main content of the thesis includes four chapters: Chapter 1 Literature Review; Chapter 2 Scientific Basis for State Management of WTCHs; Chapter 3 State Management of VWTCHs; Chapter 4 Perspectives, Orientations and Solutions to Improve the state management of VWTCHs

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CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Research works related to the thesis topic

1.1.1 Studies on cultural heritages, tangible cultural heritages and WTCHs

1.1.2 Studies related to the state management of WTCHs

1.1.3 Studies related to the eight WTCHs in Vietnam

1.2 Evaluating the literature and issues for further research

1.2.1 The literature contents

The group of research works on cultural heritages, tangible cultural heritages, and WTCHs have (1) affirmed that cultural heritages

and WTCHs form a type of invaluable asset of nations and mankind; (2) introduced some WTCHs in Asia; and, (3) specified the responsibilities of agencies, social organizations and communities in preserving the cultural

heritages values and WTCHs

The group of research works related to the state management of WTCHs have discussed (1) Some legal provisions and guidelines for

implementation of the law on WTCHs; (2) The fact that state agencies must closely monitor the process of conservation, restoration and embellishment of cultural heritages and WTCHs; (3) Some experiences

in state management of cultural heritages and WTCHs in Asia; (4) Limitations, weaknesses, impact factors and some solutions for state

management of cultural heritages and WTCHs

The group of research works related to the eight WTCHs in Vietnam have presented (1) Introduction to 630 tangible cultural heritages and

WTCHs in Vietnam and the world; (2) Evaluation of international conferences and international cooperation projects on VWTCHs; (3) The fact that the state management apparatus of VWTCHs has not been uniformly organized throughout the country; the decentralization of powers in the field remains yet incomplete and unclear; (4) The way control is carried out to prevent and handle violations in the restoration and embellishment of TCHs and WTCHs in Vietnam

1.2.2 Results to be inherited

The thesis can inherit a number of research results on: deep and diverse analyses of cultural heritages and WTCHs in Vietnam; the role of

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WTCHs in social construction and development; international experience

in state management of WTCHs; the reality of state management of some WTCHs in Vietnam; and, some solutions for state management of VWTCHs

1.2.3 Issues for this thesis

Firstly, the thesis continues to study and supplement the concept of

WTCHs, state management of WTCHs, content of state management of WTCHs, the role and factors affecting such management, and relevant

international experience Secondly, it needs to do practical research to

survey and analyze the reality of state management of VWTCHs; to assess the results and limitations; and, to identify the causes of the

situation Finally, the thesis needs to synthesize views and orientations

and propose solutions to improve the state management of VWTCHs in the new period in Vietnam

Conclusion Chapter 1

Based on the review of related domestic and foreign research works,

the thesis has arrived at the following conclusions: First, the thesis has

reviewed the research results on cultural heritages, WTCHs, and state management of WTCHs through a number of studies of domestic and

foreign individuals and organizations Secondly, the research can inherit

some theoretical foundations when studying the state management of WTCHs, some realities of state management of cultural heritages and WTCHs in Vietnam, and some existing solutions for state management of

WTCHs Third, the thesis continues to research, systematize and

supplement to clarify the theoretical basis of state management of WTCHs; study the basic contents of the state management of WTCHs; study the reality of state management of VWTCHs between 2010 and 2021; synthesize the views of UNESCO and the Communist Party of Vietnam, and orientations and objectives of the State; and, at the same time, propose solutions to further improve the state management of VWTCHs in the

coming period

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CHAPTER 2 SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF STATE MANAGEMENT

OF THE WORLD'S TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGES 2.1 Some basic concepts related to the thesis topic

2.1.1 Culture and cultural heritages

Culture is a broad social field, including a system of material and

spiritual values that most characterize the identity of the human community, which is created and accumulated by the community in the process of its activities It is handed down from generation to generation through the interaction between humans and the natural and social environments

Cultural heritages form a system of material and spiritual products

of historical, cultural and scientific value, created by nature and man, accumulated and handed down from generation to generation in the long process of history

2.1.2 WTCHs

Tangible cultural heritages (hereinafter TCHs) involve a form of

existence of cultural heritages mainly in the form of objects with shapes, heights, widths, weights, lines, colors, designs and existing in specific space and time TCHs include historical-cultural relics, scenic spots, relics, antiquities and national treasures, with special rare and precious values, typical of the country's history, culture and science

World tangible cultural heritages are the tangible cultural heritages

of humanity or a country recognized, supervised and managed by UNESCO WTCHs include monuments, populations, landscapes, relics, antiquities and national treasures of special international value in terms of history, art, science and aesthetics, ethnography or anthropology recognized and managed by UNESCO under strict standards of culture, nature and integrity

2.1.3 State management of WTCHs

State management is organized influence, regulated by state power on

social processes and human behaviors, conducted by organs of the state apparatus in order to maintain and develop social activities, social relations and legal order, through which to perform the functions and tasks of the State

State management of cultural heritages is the organized and

regulated influence by state power on cultural processes and cultural

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activities of people, conducted by state agencies in charge of culture, in order to maintain and develop cultural activities and relationships, through which to perform the functions and tasks of the State in the management of

culture and cultural heritages

State management of world tangible cultural heritages is a specific

area of cultural management, an organized influence regulated by state power through various ways and tools of state management of WTCHs, conducted by state agencies in charge of cultural heritages and at the same time made compliant with the supervision, regulations and cooperation of UNESCO on cultural heritages, in order to preserve and promote the value

of the WTCHs, serve the national development process, and meet the requirements of material and spiritual needs of the people and the international community

Features of state management of WTCHs

(1) The subjects are competent state authorities, the objects are WTCHs, and the management is aimed at organizations, individuals and businesses that have activities related to WTCHs (2) The legal basis of such management is the legal system State management of WTCHs is conducted by law and through legislation (3) It is carried out through policy tools, apparatus, resources and control (4) The management is coordinated by many related ministries and sectors (5) Management methods are specific, flexible and appropriate (6) All activities of such state management must concurrently comply with the host country's laws, regulations and international commitments, and be subject to strict inspection and supervision by UNESCO and other relevant international organizations

2.2 Roles and factors affecting the state management of WTCHs

2.2.1 The roles of the state management of WTCHs

Firstly, it contributes to the orientation and adjustment of the

development of the national WTCHs, and the realization of views and

policies on the culture and WTCHs; Second, to contribute to their preservation and promotion of their value; Third, to contribute to

promoting the socio-economic development of localities and regions with

such heritages, improving the people’s spiritual life; and, Finally, to play

an important role in the development of cultural tourism

2.2.2 Factors affecting the state management of WTCHs

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First, institutions and policies on WTCHs; Second, the capacity of the contingent of civil servants and public employees; Third, financial resources; Fourth, integration and globalization; Fifth, economy and environment; Sixth, development of culture and tourism industry; Seventh, the residential community

2.3 Contents of state management of WTCHs

2.3.1 Formulating and directing implementation of strategies, master plans and plans to preserve and promote the value of WTCHs

Developing strategies for culture and cultural heritages is an activity of the State, in order to concretize the Party's viewpoints on cultural heritages and the WTCHs, through the identification of objectives, tasks and solutions to accomplish the goals It is the basis for formulating master plans and plans to implement the objectives for the WTCHs

2.3.2 Promulgating and organizing implementation of legal documents

on cultural heritages and WTCHs

Legal documents on cultural heritages and WTCHs and guidelines for implementation must be developed and promulgated with accuracy, completeness and timeliness This must strictly comply with the regulations on the authority to issue documents by the Government, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MoCST), the People's Committees of the provinces and cities of the WTCHs (the PPPs)

2.3.3 Consolidating the organization of the state management apparatus on WTCHs

The state management apparatus of WTCHs must be built scientifically, rationally and neatly, then the management will be conducted smoothly, otherwise it will be stagnant and inefficient

2.3.4 Building and developing a contingent of civil servants and public employees specialized in WTCHs

The contingent of cadres and civil servants specialized in state management of the WTCHs must have sufficient quantity, high quality, research ability, knowledge and understanding of policies and laws, and practical experience in the field

2.3.5 Supporting and mobilizing financial resources and material facilities to preserve WTCHs

Investment and support for cultural heritages and WTCHs mainly come

by funding sources, ODA, and financial funds)

2.3.6 Inspecting, examining and handling violations of the law on WTCHs

Regarding WTCHs, inspection, examination, supervision and handling of violations are prescribed in Article 66 of the Law on Cultural Heritages In addition, they are subject to the inspection and supervision

by the UNESCO representative in Vietnam in accordance with the commitments, agreements and provisions of the International Convention

on Cultural Heritages and other international agreements and is obliged

to comply with recommendations of UNESCO, if any

2.3.7 Organizing and conducting scientific research and international cooperation activities on WTCHs

Scientific research activities, application of new technologies, and international cooperation have helped the state management to solve many difficulties and problems in the conservation of WTCHs

2.4 International experiences in state management of WTCHs and lessons for Vietnam

2 4.1 International experience in state management of WTCHs

First, the experience of Cambodia

Second, the experience of China

Third, the experience of Japan

2.4.2 Lessons for Vietnam

Lessons learned from Cambodia: Firstly, the Ministry of Education

and the National Agency responsible for the archeology of Angkor and Apsara focus on educating secondary students about Angkor as a WTCH;

Second, the community’s awareness, strength and responsibility are

promoted, and people in the core and buffer zones of the heritage must

benefit economically through tourism projects; Third, international cooperation has been utilized comprehensively; and, Fourth, conservation goes hand in hand with sustainable tourism development

Lessons learned from China: Firstly, inventory, classification