Cong nghe gen tri lieu la van de dang thu hut dffgc sff quan tam eua cgng ddng khoa hoc va nhieu td chffc nghien effu toan cau.. Nghien effu don thuan mgt linh vffe khd ed the tao dffgc
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C O N G N G H E H A N G OAU T R O N G PHAT TRiiN KINH T f TH^ Gidl
D £ N NAM 2025
Le Thanh Y*
Mgt trong nhffng ye'u to' ehu dao d i n
d i t p h a t t r i e n kinh te toan e l u la kha
nang dff bao, xac dinh xu the KH&CN de
tap trung d i u tff vao nhffng iTnh vffe then
ehd^t N i m b i t dffgc k h a n a n g p h a t trien
cua nhffng n g a n h cong nghe mui nhgn,
Hgi ddng tri thffe qude gia Hoa Ky (NIC)
da pho'i hgp cung eg quan t i n h bao doanh
nghiep (SRIC-BI) de dffa ra mgt bao eao
ve nhffng eong nghe ehu chot tff nay de'n
nam 2025 (NIC 2008) Trong bao eao nay,
cac nha khoa hge da p h a n tich nhffng
cong nghe n a n g cao chat lffgng cugc song
va phat t r i e n nhffng n g a n h kinh te mui
nhgn, tap trung vao nhdm eong nghe gen,
nhien lieu va hda chat sinh hoc, eong
nghe tich trff n a n g lffgng sach, robotics
va internet lien ket Bai viet gidi thieu
cac nhom cong nghe nay
1 N h o m c o n g n g h ^ g e n t r i l i p u
( B i o g e n o t e c h n o l o g y )
Cong nghe gen tri lieu la linh vffe ffng
dung ket qua nghien eg sd te bao p h a n tff
V£i qud trinh gia hda de p h a t t r i e n lieu
phdp cong nghe trong dieu tri benh t a t
lien quan de'n tudi gia, hffdng vao t a n g
cffdng the Iffc, duy tri k h a n a n g hoat dgng
va sdng dge lap eua dan sd^ toan cau dang
trong xu the gia di Cong nghe gen tri
lieu la van de dang thu hut dffgc sff quan
tam eua cgng ddng khoa hoc va nhieu td
chffc nghien effu toan cau
Con ngffdi luon bi thoi thuc bdi mong muo'n k h a m pha sff khdi ngudn va viec duy tri sffc t r e Cho den nay, chffa cd ly thuyet nao giai thieh d i y du ve sff gia hda; kien thffe tff nhffng nghien effu ca the chffa hoan thien, khien lg trinh eong nghe p h a t t r i e n eac phffong phap cho'ng gia khong nhieu va con cd nhffng khae biet Thach thffe dat r a cho viec nghien effu la qua t r i n h sinh hge v i n eon la nhffng khia canh it dffgc hieu biet
Sff gia hoa khong phai la ket qua cua bat ky cff che ca the nao ma la sff ke't hgp eua nhieu qua trinh khac nhau Nghien effu don thuan mgt linh vffe khd ed the tao dffgc dot pha d i n de'n thay ddi mang tinh each mang Do vay, tao lap moi trffdng nghien effu hgp tae da nganh theo hffdng chia se hieu biet va hgi tu eong nghe mdi
cd the dat tdi nhffng hieu biet thau dao ve khoa hoc va ddi mdi eong nghe de tao dot pha ve Biogenotechnology
Tiem n a n g dot pha cua Biogenotech-nology da dffgc hinh t h a n h t r e n eg sd eua nhffng eong nghe then chdt ve sinh hge
p h a n tff nhff genomics, proteomies, metabolomics vdi sff hgi tu cua nhieu linh vffe tff sang tao tri thffe va sff giao thoa giffa cac linh vffe co tae dgng chi phdi l l n nhau T h a n h tffu nghien effu ve gene ket
Le Thanh Y, Tien sy, chuyen gia kinh te
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hgp cung vdi cong nghe nano da thue day
m a n h mdi quan he lien n g a n h trong p h a t
t r i e n edng nghe dae biet trong linh vffe
sinh hge vdi xu the p h a t t r i e n a n tffgng
ve gen tri lieu Nhieu ke't qua n g h i e n effu
m a n g lai t r i e n vgng to ldn cua
Biogenotechnology trong di truyen hge
gia hda va con dffdng eai t h i e n nhffng qua
t r i n h nay trong tffgng lai Viee dieu chinh
cac the n h i e m sac (telomere) va enzym
telomeraza eho phep cd the tao r a nhffng
te bao cd k h a n a n g tff hdi phuc, phuc hdi
vinh v i i n , cung nhff hdi phue mo t h o n g
qua sff dung te bao goc tff phoi ngffdi
Cong nghe gene tri lieu da t a p trung vao
nhffng nd Iffc nghien effu n h a m hieu dffgc
eg sd sinh hge cua tudi thg, hffdng tdi keo
dai thdi gian song khong ehi do'i vdi tffng
ea the ma cdn duy tri kha n a n g the chat
va chffc n a n g tri tue eua tudi gia
Cach tie'p can hgp Iffe cd the mang lai
nhffng tae ddng tich cffe trong phong
ngffa, dieu tri hoac h a n ehe nhffng nguy
eg ed lien quan, giff vai tro hd trg t h i e t
thffe eho bigenoteehnology trong h i e n
thffe hda lgi ieh cua tudi thg trong tffOng
lai Nhffng lgi ieh d a t dffgc t h o n g qua
each tiep can n a y dffgc n a n g len eung vdi
cai t h i e n n a n g Iffc h i e n t a i , nhd vao t i e m
n a n g cong nghe m a n g t i n h dot pha ma
theo dff bao se pha vd qua t r i n h gia hda
va ddi k h a c quan niem truyen t h d n g ve
tudi gia O day, bie'n ddi phi sinh hge
eung la yeu to' quan t r g n g eua t r a i nghiem
gia hda Cac n h a n to' gidi tinh, sac tgc,
t h e t r a n g , cam xuc, dia vi xa hgi, h o a t
dgng song va ngudn Iffe ea n h a n eung
thffe tien cham sde sffc khde cung la
nhffng yeu td can dffgc can n h a e khi n h i n
n h a n ve vai tro va sff Iffa chgn cong nghe
de m a n g lai k h a n a n g cho con ngffdi sd'ng
lau va khde m a n h
Nghien effu eg ehe sinh hge gia hda cua
biogenotechnology da di theo hffdng p h a t
t r i e n va l a m h i e n thffe hda cac phffgng
p h a p chdng gia Ngay nay, eae phffffng
p h a p chffa b e n h cdn n d n g ve cac loai thud'c l a m c h a m qua t r i n h lao h d a t h o n g qua md p h d n g h a n che' Iffdng calo Viee hieu gia hda nhff m g t qua t r i n h sinh hge suy k i e t do k h a n a n g duy tri va tff dieu ehinh eua cff t h e bi giam sut da chi ra do tin cay eua lieu p h a p bigenoteehnology, bao gdm ca nhffng loai thuo'c chdng gia,
eg ehe dieu chinh AND, nhffng chie'n Iffgc gidi b a n lffgng calo, t a i tao mo, l a m tre hda nao bg, dieu k i e n trao ddi chat hoac duy tri t i n h nguyen t r a n g p h a n tff
Mdc du t i n h k h a thi ve k h a n a n g dieu
k h i e n sff gia h d a dang edn n g h i e n effu, song h i e n t r a n g tri thffe va n a n g Iffe edng nghe eung cho t h a y , b o a t dgng nghien effu eg b i n va n g h i e n effu ffng dung da thu
h u t dffgc nhieu ngudn Iffe de hy vgng cd the p h a t t r i e n cong nghe Biogenotech-nology vao n a m 2025 Trong n g a n h dffgc
p h a m , sff dung cong nghe n a y cd nhieu hffa h e n Tuy n h i e n , mffe do sff dung edn tuy thuge vao dinh hffdng va tie'n do tai trg eho nhffng n g h i e n effu cff b i n va nhffng dot pha cd t h e t a o ra Nhffng can
n h a e cua cac n h a p h a n tich deu cho rang, sff p h a t t r i e n cua thuo'c cho'ng gia hda se dffgc t r i e n khai l a m s a n g m a n h me trong khoang 15 n a m tdi
Nhin tff t r i e n vgng n g h i e n effu, cdng nghe gene t r i lieu da cd n e n t a n g rdng ldn tff nhffng cam ke't xuc t i e n n g h i e n effu
y sinh n h a m eai t h i e n sffc khde tudi gia
Sd ldn h o a t dgng n g h i e n effu da dffgc cff quan Chinh phu cua nhieu qudc gia phe chuan; qua dd, nhieu td chffc tff t h i e n , tff
n h a n va cac doanh n g h i e p xa hgi da cd vai trd hd t r g to ldn t r o n g thuc day
n g h i e n effu Biogenotechnology khong co nhffng k h a c biet so vdi nhieu linh vffe y hge dang tim kie'm n h a m d a t dffgc kha
n a n g dieu k h i e n va eai t h i e n t r a n g thai sffc khde eua eon ngffdi, k i e m ehe ti le tff vong va mac b e n h Sff ddng n h a t nay se tao t h u a n lgi to ldn ve m a t t a i chinh tff
he t h d n g c h a m sde sffc k h d e con ngffdi,
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mgt he tho'ng cd nhieu k h a n a n g ap dung
ke hoach bdi h o a n va hd trg eho nhffng
cong t r i n h nghien effu genoteehnology
eung nhff t h i trffdng thff nghiem Tuy
nhien, tff t i m n h i n xa hgi, t h a c h thffe ldn
dat ra la b i n g each nao de cd t h e ap dung
va dieu k h i e n eong nghe nay theo hffdng
CO kiem soat va t r a c h nhiem Dieu nay
chi ed the lam dffgc khi quan diem va sff
giam s a t cua cong chdng dffgc quan t a m
de h i n h t h a n h cac p h a n ffng chinh sach,
chi pho'i mffe d i u tff nghien effu, tao cO sd
ha t i n g p h a p ly bao hg sd hffu tri tue va
cac quy dinh ve t h i trffdng
2 C o n g n g h p n h i e n l i p u s i n h h p c
v a h o a c h a t d i i a v a o s i n h h p c
Trong xu the bien ddi phffc t a p ve khi
hau toan elu, gia t a n g tdc do p h a t t r i e n
eong nghe n h i e n lieu vdi h a m lffgng
cacbon t h i p la mdi quan t a m h a n g d i u
cua cgng ddng qudc t e Nhieu qudc gia
dang p h a t t r i e n da tim kie'm eg hgi san
xuat nhien lieu sach cho xuat k h i u va sff
dung ngi dia; song dang can n h i c giffa
t i i m n a n g vdi viee b i o ve moi trffdng
sinh thai, dam b i o sff h a i hoa trong p h a t
trien ben vffng Cong nghe che bien
nhien lieu sach t h e he d i u da lam ra
ethanol tff ngo, mia dffdng va s i n x u l t
dffgc diezel sinh hge tff h a t c l i , dau n a n h
De duy tri p h a t t r i e n n h i e n lieu sinh hge
chu dao trong giai doan hien nay, v a n de
quan trgng la xay dffng dffgc quy t r i n h
san xuat tao n h i e n lieu saeh vdi hieu qua
cao ma khong gay t r a n h chap vdi chudi
thffe pham dffgc dung lam nguyen lieu
Thong thffdng, quy t r i n h s a n xuat
diezel sinh hge truyen thdng chi chuyen
hoa dffgc chffa d i y 10% sinh khdi thffe v a t
th6; dau diezel l a m r a tff t i n h d i u thffe
vat h a t cai diu, dau n a n h , d i u cg va d i u
thffe vat khae da a n h hffdng b a t lgi den
san x u l t lffgng thffe thffe p h a m phuc vu
nhu ciu ddi sdng Thach thffe t r e n day da
thue day viec chuyen ddi n h a n h cae
ngudn nguyen lieu sang dung v a t lieu chffa lignocellulose, bao gdm nhffng dff lffgng eua nong pham va cay lam nghiep nhff t h a n cay ngo, rffm ra, ba mia va nhffng loai eay n a n g lffgng sinh hge phi IffOng thffe (eo, co voi Miscanthus ) Nhien lieu ethanol cellulose dffgc che bien tff lignocellulose, mgt loai sinh khdi
CO chffa nhffng polimer cellulose, micellu-lose va lignin, dffa t r e n eong nghe n e n
t a n g la hoa sinh hoac dffdng hda va cong nghe nhiet hoa hge Cong nghe hda sinh phu thuge vao qua trinh thuy phan ehua hoac thuy p h a n enzym cua lignocellulose, tao ra dffdng eho len men de dieu ehe
t h a n h ethanol Con cong nghe nhiet hoa lai sff dung khi hoa cua sinh khdi de tao khi tdng hgp (syngas), sau do cho len men hoac chuyen hoa xuc tac t h a n h rffgu
Dffa t r e n nhffng cong nghe n e n t a n g ciia quy trinh cong nghe mdi, nhieu he thdng n h a may lgc sinh hge dffgc xay dffng de san x u l t nhien lieu sinh hge, hoa chat tao n a n g lffgng dien va che pham gia tri cao tff lignocellulose thay vi d i u
md N a m 2007, Bg Nang lffgng Hoa Ky (DOE) da xay dffng 6 n h a may lgc sinh hge ldn vdi hy vgng kich thich tiem n a n g
p h a t trien kinh te vao n a m 2012 Bg nay cung da cd ke hoach trg cap nhieu trieu USD de p h a t trien nhffng nha may lgc sinh hge ethanol cellulose n h a m thff nghiem nguyen lieu va cong nghe san xuat mdi DOE con cung cap g i n 400 trieu USD cho 3 trung t a m n a n g IffOng sinh hge, giup cac trung t a m nay t a p trung vao nghien effu cae phffgng phap san x u l t ethnol cellulose va eac loai
n h i e n lieu saeh khac vdi hieu qua eao
T a i CHLB Dffc, t a p doan Choren Industries GmbH d Freiberg da p h a t
t r i e n cdng nghe sinh khdi long (biomas to liquids BTL) dffa t r e n khi hoa sach va cac sinh hda p h i m mdi cd sffc canh t r a n h so vdi s a n p h i m va n h i e n lieu dffgc lam tff
d i u md ( Chris Jablonski 2008)
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N e n k i n h te n a n g lffgng sinh hoc da
dffa vao eg sd ky t h u a t di truyen va thffe
tidn nong nghiep de t a n g n a n g s u i t sinh
khdi va g i i m gia t h a n h Theo dd, thu
hoach mua mang; thu gom, tdn trff va v a n
chuyen nhffng dff lffgng sinh khdi la
nhffng khau r a t cd y nghia trong chudi
tao ngudn eung ffng sinh khdi Ngoai ra,
he thdng xff ly sinh khdi cung la khau
chiem p h i n d a n g ke ve vo'n d i u tff va chi
phi b o a t dgng cua nhffng eg sd ehuyen doi
sinh khdi Cung vdi nhffng c l i t h i e n ve
xde tae sinh hge, eong nghe sinh hge tdng
hgp doi hdi nhffng ky t h u a t xff ly mdi va
p h a t t r i e n phffgng p h a p tach cd ehi phi
t h a p Trong dd, t h i e t ke thie't bi p h a n
ffng sinh hge (Bioreactor) la mgt linh vffe
dac biet quan trgng, dffgc t a p trung cong
sffc nghien effu n h a m dat dffgc hieu qua
xff ly td^i ffu
Hien nay, ethanol va diezel sinh hge la
n h i e n lieu sach phd bie'n de pha t r g n
xang va diezel t h o n g thffdng Ethnol hdn
hgp dien h i n h la E-10, hdn hgp gdmlO%
ethanol va E-85 chffa tdi 85% ethanol
dang dffgc sff dung Trong dd, E-85 cd mffe
tieu thu ngay mgt gia t a n g Tuy nhien,
loai n h i e n lieu sinh hoc nay dang bi
nhffng gidi b a n cua viee p h a n pho'i do khd
k h a n cua viee v a n chuyen tff ngi s a n xuat
den diem p h a n phdi tieu dung, khie'n
chudi cung cap trd n e n phffc t a p Do
nhffng ffu diem vffgt trgi cua diezel sinh
hge va sff dung dffgc d d a n g t i n h khie't
n e n thffdng d a n h cho dgng eg diezel hoac
hoa t r g n eung n h i e n lieu diezel hien ed
Nhien lieu diezel sinh hge dffgc phd bie'n
d chau Au, dang lan rgng t r e n l a n h thd
nffde My, Brazin va mgt sd nffde khae,
ngay cang k h a n g dinh vai trd quan t r g n g
trong bao ve moi trffdng, chdng lai bie'n
ddi khi hau toan e l u
P h a t t r i e n n h i e n lieu sinh hge cd
nhieu t r i e n vgng dem lai hieu qua Viee
sff dung ngudn sinh khdi la dff lffgng cua
nong lam san hoac thffe v a t phi lffgng
QUAN LY KINH TE
thffe t r e n quy mo ldn, da m a n g lai lgi ieh
xa hgi to ldn nhffng k h o n g gay a n h hffdng
b a t lgi de'n moi trffdng Nhffng lgi ich ve nong n g h i e p la m i n h chffng rd n e t cua viec sff dung va tao eg hgi cho p h a t t r i e n kinh te nong t h o n Tuy n h i e n , nhffng v i n
de phffc t a p va tac dgng n a y sinh trong qua t r i n h thu t h a p nguyen lieu, cung cap nffde va tac dgng sinh t h a i lien quan de'n
md rgng dien tich t r d n g cay nguyen lieu
d i n den xdi m o n dat, m a t can b a n g da dang sinh hge eung e i n dffgc t i n h toan can n h a e h g p ly de dffa cong nghe chuyen ddi lignocellulose vao thffe tidn va dac biet quan t r g n g la k h a e phuc dffgc mau
t h u a n ve d a t dai giffa mgt b e n la n a n g lffgng sach va b e n k h a c la nhu e l u Iffffng thffe ngay cang t a n g cung vdi sff p h a t
t r i e n d a n sd t r e n h a n h t i n h
3 C o n g n g h e v a t l i ^ u t i c h
t r i ? n a n g Ixidng ( E n e r g y S t o r a g e
M a t e r i a l s ) Vat lieu tich trff n a n g lffgng dffgc xac dinh la nhffng v a t ed k h a n a n g tao ra hoac dff trff n a n g lffgng hffu ieh de sff dung lau dai Tich trff hydro, sff dung te bao n h i e n lieu (fuel cell), tich trff dien
n a n g dffdi d a n g sac d a m b i o t i n h dn dinh
cao, khong gay nguy ca ehay nd va nhffng
loai pin tich trff n a n g lffgng dien hda, deu
la nhffng d a n g tieh trff n a n g lffgng cung cap n h i e n lieu v a n h a n h cho thie't bi di dgng la nhffng xu t h e dang ngay cang md rgng
3.1 Cong nghe tich trU hydro
La nguyen t d ddi dao, chiem t r e n 90% tdng sd nguyen tff, t a o n e n k h o a n g 75% tdng kho'i lffgng t r o n g vu tru; Hydro dffgc eoi la ed n a n g lffgng cao n h a t so vdi b a t
ky nguyen t d n a o Tuy ddi dao, song hydro lai la nguyen t d n h e n h a t va ed
k h a n a n g tich tu k e m n h a t n e n r a t khd
t a p t r u n g d mgt vi t r i de sff dung nhff mgt ngudn n a n g lffgng phuc vu cd hieu qua cho h o a t dgng con ngffdi Cho de'n nay,
3634(7/2010)
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nhffng eong nghe tao hydro thffdng r a t
tdn kem, thie't bi tieh tu l a i cdng kenh,
n a n g ne va hieu q u i kinh te t h i p Tff
nhffng h a n ehe nay, v a t lieu hydrua hda
va hydrua kim loai dffgc cae n h a nghien
effu dac biet quan t a m va coi dd la nhffng
vat lieu eg b a n de tieh trff hydro Cho den
nay, chffa ed nhffng v a t lieu d a t dffgc do
dam dae tich trff c i n thie't de phue vu
mue dich thffgng m a i h o a hydro Vi vay,
eae n h a cong nghe p h a i sff dung nhien
lieu long, tich trff hydro dffdi dang nhien
lieu gidng nhff methanol va dffgc chuyen
hoa trffe tiep trong te bao n h i e n lieu Cac
he thd^ng te bao n h i e n lieu sff dung
hydrocacbon khi va long d i u co kha n a n g
bien nhien lieu dang n a y t h a n h hydro
Do nhien lieu long, bao quan lanh n e n
viec bien ddi trong h e thdng tffong ddi
phffc tap khien viee eung cap n a n g lffgng
hydro dang con gap nhieu b a n che (Joan
Ogden 2007)
Nen kinh te khong sff dung n a n g lffgng
hoa thach doi hdi viee s a n x u l t hydro
phai n h a n h va r e Theo eae n h a phan
tich, dung n a n g lffgng t a i tao de san xuat
hydro tff nffOe, rdi tich tu hydro lam r a t a i
nhffng t r a m te bao n h i e n lieu co t h e di
chuyen dffgc la each Iffa chgn ly tffdng cua
nen kinh te hydro Sang kien cua Chinh
phd Hoa Ky da dffa r a mgt each nhin tien
phong v l xay dffng n i n kinh te hydro vdi
viec tang cffdng sff dung n h i e n lieu hydro
va p h a t t r i e n xe hgi dung n h i e n lieu
hydro, n h a m dao ngffgc tinh t h e phu
thuoc ngay cang gia t a n g vao d i u md
nffde ngoai P h a t t r i e n t r i e n cong nghe de
thffgng mai hda pin n h i e n lieu hffdng vao
cai thien an toan n a n g lffgng dffgc eoi la
ye'u td ehu chdt trong chien Iffgc v l bien
ddi khi hau cua nhieu qude gia C l i t h i e n
cong s u i t va chi phi can t h i e t ddi vdi
dgng eg hydro de d a t d e n quy mo s a n
xult h a n g loat va nghien effu t i m kiem
cae loai v a t lieu mdi trong che t a o bdn
nhien lieu hydro an toan, phu hgp vdi t h i
hieu tieu dung la viec l a m c i n thie't de
md rgng thffong m a i hda ngudn n a n g lffgng nay
Nham thue d i y n h a n h thffong mai hoa eong nghe sff dung n a n g lffgng hydro vao
n a m 2015, bg Nang lffgng Hoa Ky da cdng bo' ke hoach Hydrogen Posture Plan tiep tue nhffng chien Iffgc va bien phap phdi hgp cae boat dgng nghien effu va
p h a t trien trong cac td chffc n a n g lffgng hoa thach, n a n g lffgng h a t n h a n va n a n g lffgng t a i tao Tff nhffng viee lam cu t h e eua nhieu nffde t r e n pham vi toan elu, kha nang sff dung hydro nhff mgt ngudn nhien lieu saeh khong chi eung cd an toan n a n g lffgng cua moi quo'c gia ma quan trgng la gop p h a n giam thieu 6
n h i i m moi trffdng, cho'ng lai bien ddi khi hau toan elu (Cue TTKH&CN Qude gia 2010) • — •
3.2 Cong nghe sieu tu dien
Nang lffgng t a i t a o nhff n a n g lffgng
m a t trdi, sffc gid thffffng khong dn dinh Trong sff dung nhffng dang n a n g lffgng nay, ngffdi t a thffffng dung accu de tich trff dien nang, song, n a p du dien cho mgt accu phai m i t n h i l u gid, khien ngudn
n a n g lffgng thu n h a n dffgc khi ed nhieu thffdng r a t lang phi G i n day vdi cong nghe sieu tu dien, cho du dien m a t trdi
m a n h den bao nhieu thi sieu tu dien eung
d i u ed t h e tiep n h a n dffgc h e t trong khoang thdi gian khong dai TffOng tff ddi vdi n a n g lffgng gid, khi gio to lffgng dien san sinh ldn, sieu tu dien ciing du k h a
n a n g tiep n h a n dffgc b e t n a n g lffgng s a n sinh de t d n trff
Sieu tu dien cd dien dung r a t ldn, chffa dffgc nhieu lffgng dien nang Khac vdi accu, qua t r i n h nap, phdng trong sieu tu dien la nhffng qua trinh v a t ly, dieu khien dien tich chuyen dgng bang dien trffdng khong phai sff dung den cac p h a n ffng hoa hge Nhd dd, sieu tu r i t b i n , khong bi suy thoai; co t h e dung h a n g
Trang 6[TOI THONG TIN CONG NGHE H A N G DAU TRONG PHAT T R I ^ N KINH TE TH^ Gldl O^N NAM 2025
chuc n a m , n a p di, n a p lai den hgn 500
nghin l l n , trong khi pin hoac accu loai to't
eung ehi n a p dffgc vai nghin l l n va thdi
gian sff dung khoang 1,2 n a m Ddi vdi
nhffng tu dien hda ldp kep
(Electroche-mical Double Layer Capacitor EDLC) k h a
n a n g trff dien tich r a t ldn, tich dffgc
ngudn dien den h a n g ehuc ICWh trong vai
giay, la nhffng ffu the dac biet cua sieu tu
dien Ddi vdi ngudn dien lffu dgng, tieu
chuan n a n g lffgng ffng vdi khdi lffgng cua
sieu tu dien to't ed m a t do k h o i n g 60
Wh/kg, nhd eong nghe nano, sieu tu dien
dng nano cacbon da dffa m a t do eong s u i t
len g i p t r e n 1,5 l l n , nghia la eao hffn
h a n m a t do eua nhffng loai pin tot n h a t
h i e n nay
Viee n a p hay phdng dien eua sieu tu
dien thffe hien r a t n h a n h nhd each dung
dien trffdng dieu k h i e n eac ion chuyen
dgng trong t h a n boat t i n h khi n a p , hoac
eho cae electron ehay d mach ngoai de
can b i n g ion dffOng d dien cffe khi phdng
Tuy nhien, nhffgc diem eg b a n eua sieu tu
dien la giff dien khong lau do sff ro dien
ngi bg giffa 2 dien cffe Ddi vdi tu dien
kep, cau tao cua ldp giffa 2 effc chi chiu
dffgc hieu dien the cd 2-3 von, neu mud'n
lam viee d dien the ldn p h a i ghep ndi r a t
nhieu sieu tu dien
Sieu tu dien dae biet tien lgi nhd kha
n a n g thu gom n a n g lffgng bi m i t m a t cua
t h i e t bi hoac cong n a n g vo ieh san r a lam
nong nhffng phffgng t i e n sff dung Mgt xe
hgi ehay tdc do cao, khi h a m p h a n h dgng
n a n g tich luy se tda r a het Dung sieu tu
dien co the thu gom h e t n a n g lffgng p h a t
r a dffdi dang dien n a n g va dien n a n g nay
cd the sff dung de khdi dgng lai dgng eg
Tff nhffng ffu the eua sieu tu dien,
nhieu h a n g s i n xuat dang day m a n h viec
eai tien, van dung nhffng tien bg ky t h u a t
cua eong nghe nano de sff dung nhffng v a t
lieu Id nhd, eo dien tieh m a t ngoai effc ldn
lam tff dng nanocacbon Nhffng sieu tu
dien l a m b i n g v a t lieu nano cd vai tro
ngay cang quan t r g n g trong xu t h e t i e t kiem n a n g lffgng va sff dung n a n g lffgng saeh trong t r a o lffu p h a t t r i e n h i e n nay
4 C o n g n g h p t h a n s a c h
Vao n a m 2004, t h a n chie'm 26% trong tieu thu n a n g lffgng t o a n e l u va ed t h e len den 28% vao n a m 2030 Tai nffde My, V2 s a n lffgng dien dffgc s i n xuat tff t h a n Vdi so' lffgng md t h a n dffng thff 3 the gidi, h a n g n a m Trung Qudc da khai t h a c mgt khdi lffgng t h a n ldn n h a t t h e gidi, gap 2 l l n nffde My Viee dung t h a n de
s i n xuat dien eua Trung Quo'c dffgc dff bao se t a n g tff 22,7 Quadrillion BTu n a m
2004 len 55,9 quadrillion BTu, gap g i n 2,5 l l n trong n a m 2030 (Trung t a m TTKH&CN 2007, Cue TTKH&CN 2010) Viec khai t h a c sff dung t h a n theo eong nghe truyen thd'ng tao lffgng khi t h a i gay hieu ffng n h a k i n h gia t a n g vdi tdc do cao, dang de dga n a n g ne bien ddi khi hau toan elu Nhffng eai t h i e n hieu qua trong
v a n h a n h b a n g ap dung nhffng eong nghe mdi da tao lgi ich, khich le nhieu n h a
d i l u h a n h n h a m a y p h a t dien dung t h a n Cong nghe khi hda t h a n ed t h e tao ra khi tff n h i e n , hydro va n h i e n lieu long dffgc coi la bffdc dot p h a , tao t h u a n lgi cho viec Iffa chgn t h a n da l a m n a n g lffgng saeh Than sach la t h u a t ngff dffgc sff dung trong n g a n h cong nghiep t h a n va nhffng
t a p doan quy mo ldn, nd dffgc t h e h i e n
t h o n g qua cac n h d m n g a n h eong nghe va cong nghiep l a m t a n g hieu s u i t t a i sinh
t h a n Sff dung t h a n sach cho p h e p giam thieu d a n g ke lffgng khi p h a t t h i i tff nhffng n h a m a y p h a t dien dung t h a n Cdng nghe t h a n sach bao gdm ca viee thu giff khi cacbon (CCS), ehuyen t h a n t h a n h nguyen lieu hda hge hoac n h i e n lieu van
t a i dffdi d a n g t h a n hda d i u (CTL) Ngoai
ra, sff dung pin n h i e n lieu cacbon trffe tie'p cung la phffgng p h a p de thu dffgc
n a n g lffgng sach
Tff khia c a n h moi trffdng, t h a n h cdng
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p h a t t r i e n t h a n saeh b a n g eong nghe thu
giff khi cacbon CCS da tao niem tin ve sff
an toan trong sff dung ngudn hda thach
ddi dao nay trong p h a t t r i e n kinh te-xa
hgi Tuy nhien, theo vien cong nghe
Massachusetts (MIT), eong nghe nay chffa
dam b i o dffgc quy mo c i n t h i e t de tdn trff
dffgc 90% lffgng khi p h a t t h a i tff nhffng
nha may p h a t dien dung t h a n ed ldn
(NIC 2008)
Cae n h a may dien sff dung eong nghe
CCS cd the ep va bom khi C 0 2 chffa dffdi
bien sau hoac vao cac md d i u da can
ngap trong long dat Trong do, bffm khi
C02 vao md d i u vdi k h i n a n g lam t a n g
sff hdi phue dau md la phffgng p h a p cd
nhilu ffu t h e Dff a n t a n g san lffgng dau
md Weyburn d North Dakota va Canada
tien h a n h tff n a m 2000 da sff dung khi
C02 tff nhffng co sd khi hoa t h a n de n a n g
eao san lffgng d i u md khai thac Cae
phffong phap chon giff vinh vien C 0 2 da
dffgc p h a t t r i e n tff phffffng p h a p nay Den
nay, eong t r i n h chon lap ldn n h i t dang
boat dgng tai khu vffe gian khoan khai
thac khi Sleipner t r e n Bien B i c , h a n g
nam da eo lap dffgc t r e n 1 trieu t a n khi
thai C 0 2
Theo cae nha p h a n tich, ehu t r i n h tieh
hgp khi hda giffp phue hdi sff dung n a n g
lffgng t h a n cd ket qua tdt hon so vdi ddt
than de ehay tua bin p h a t dien b i n g ap
s u i t hoi nffde Quy t r i n h nung ndng t h a n
trong moi trffdng khong khi oxy va nffde
khong chffa nito la qua t r i n h khi hda cd
sff ket hgp nhffng san p h a m Iffa chgn
Cacbon monooxide hoac m e t h a n e cd the
sff dung nhff nguyen lieu hda hge, cdn
dioxide carbon dffgc ddt chay Mgt n h a
may quy t r i n h hdn hgp k e t hgp khi hda
than, cd k h i n a n g thu t h a p dffgc hydro
nhff mgt loai n h i e n lieu hoac lam n a n g
lffgng cho n h a may p h a t dien- chay khi bd
sung
Cong nghe t h a n hda d i u da dffgc p h a t
tril'n d Dffc tff trffdc chie'n t r a n h the gidi
3634(7/2010)
l l n thff II va tai Nam Phi trong nffa sau the ky XX Tap doan Than va D i u md Nam Phi (South African Coal and Oil) da cung d p nhien lieu va nguyen lieu hda
c h i t cho n g a n h eong nghiep chau Phi va xuat khau nhffng san pham dffdi dang
t h a n hda d i u Mac du cong nghe than hda
d i u giam thieu khong dang ke lffgng khi
p h a t t h a i lien quan den d i u tho, nhffng
da tao eg hgi de n h i l u nha khai thac t h a n
da dang hda san pham sff dung va giup eac qud^e gia eo trff lffgng t h a n da doi dao
it phu thuge hon vao d i u md va nhffng hda c h i t ed ngudn goc tff d i u md (NIC 2008; Cue TTKH&CN, 2010) , i-Mac du cong nghe thiet yeu eho phep thu giff va CO lap carbon chffa ed kha
n a n g thffOng mai hoa trffdc n a m 2020, song khong vi vay ma lam giam hieu qua cua viee ffng dung cong nghe than saeh Tff nhffng xu hffdng d i l n ra, eac nha nghien effu cho r i n g , the gidi dang hffdng den mgt moi trffdng n a n g lffgng carbon dffgc quy dinh chat ehe Vdi nhu elu n a n g lffgng tiep tue gia t a n g trong the ky XXI, cgng ddng khoa hge ffdc tinh, lffgng car-bon dioxide dffgc tao ra bdi hoat dgng cong nghiep se eo nhffng hieu ffng lau dai ddi vdi bien ddi khi hau toan elu Trong nhffng nd Iffc de ngan ngffa nhffng hau
q u i cua BDKH, chinh sach tao ra mgt moi trffdng n a n g lffgng h a n che carbon tffgng thich vdi nhu elu n a n g lffgng e i n
t h i e t eho p h a t t r i e n kinh te xa hgi, cong nghe t h a n sach la mgt trong nhffng dinh hffdng p h a t trien dang de quan tam
5 C o n g n g h p R o b o t i c s Robot dffgc coi la t h i e t bi co, dien tff cd the thffe hien dffgc nhffng nhiem vu da lap trinh La linh vffe eong nghe rgng, robotics ngay cang thu hut dffgc sff quan
t a m d i u tff va quang ba rgng rai trong eae linh vffe cong nghiep, y te, cham soc sffc khde, thie't bi tff h a n h , an ninh, qude phong va trong cong viee phuc vu gia
OUAN LY KINH TE m
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dinh Thi trffdng robot tdng t h e h i e n nay
bao gdm 3 nhdm p h a n biet cd quy mo ldn
dd la Robot eong nghiep (Indusstrial
Robotics) Robot dich vu (Service Robotics)
va Robot ca n h a n (Personal Robotics)
Theo lien doan Robot qudc te (IFR), robot
dich vu (Service robotics) la loai robot
thffe hien tffng p h a n hodc d i y du ede dich
vu tien ieh; trong dd, robot eho qud'c
phong va a n h n i n h qude gia la p h a n ldp
dich vu ldn n h a t (Thanh T h i o 2008)
Sff phdt t r i e n robotics, lien quan den
n a n g Iffe cong nghe, robot di dgng hoac
cdc he thdng tff dgng thffdng bao gdm
nhieu tieu he thdng P h i n effng t h o n g
thffdng la nhffng thie't bi cff dien tff, pin,
dgng eg, nhffng bg cam bien va he d i n
dgng; p h i n m e m la nhffng chffffng t r i n h
da dffgc dinh sdn Hoat dgng cua nhffng
he t h d n g n a y cd the dem lai hieu qua
trong ehe tao va van h a n h nhieu loai
robot Trong xu the p h d t t r i e n hien dai,
n h a n thffe ve tri tue n h a n tag cua robot
da dffgc dae biet quan t a m Tien bg tri
tue n h a n tao (Artuficial Intelligenee-AI-)
va eong nghe ed lien quan la sff sdng con
cua phdt t r i e n robot t h o n g minh va tff
chu phue vu Nhffng nghien effu eg b a n
trong giao dien ngffdi-mdy v l t a m ly va
t h i n kinh giff vai tro then chdt de eon
ngffdi va robot ed the giao tie'p hieu q u i
vdi nhau Theo cdc n h a p h a n tieh, sff phdt
t r i e n eua he t h d n g AI se cho phep thffe
h i e n dffgc nhffng cong viec nay trffdc n a m
2020 Khi dd, ngffdi t a ed the tao ra dffgc
nhffng robot ed k h a n a n g suy nghi va
h a n h dgng, ed t h e thffe hien dffgc nhffng
n h i e m vu khong c i n sff can t h i e p eua con
ngffdi (NIC 2008; Cue TTKH&CN, 2010)
Chuyen bien eong nghe lien quan den
tri tue n h a n tao vdi nhffng m a n g ng ron
da I n h hffdng ehi pho'i ldn de'n tffffng lai
p h d t t r i e n robotics Tao ra nhffng robot
thong minh b a n g edch t r a n g bi cho chung
nhffng bg cam bien va vi xff ly, la edch
tie'p can xua't phdt tff sff hieu bie't ve he
tho'ng sinh hoc thffe h i e n cam n h a n phffc
t a p de n h a n thffe va thffe h i e n cac n h i e m
vu v a n dgng, da dffgc eac n h a n g h i e n effu
v a n dung t h a n h eong Cdc n h a khoa hge
da che tao dffgc nhffng robot mo phdng sinh hge (Biomimettie robot) t i e m can dffgc ddng t h d i v a n ddng cua mgt so' dgng
v a t de dung vao cdc he di ddng Tff nguyen ly trong p h d n g t h i n g h i e m den
mo h i n h sdn s a n g eho s a n xuat, cdc n h a
t h i e t ke m g t m a t t i e p tuc tieh hgp nhffng eong nghe h i e n dai vao tffng loai robot eu the; m d t khde, hg cung t r i e n k h a i nhffng nghien effu n h a m tao r a nhffng robot hoan t o a n mdi Cd nhffng loai di dgng dgn gian dffa t r e n b d n h xe, nhffng cung eo nhieu loai dffa t r e n nhffng he thd^ng tinh
vi, thffe h i e n nhffng chuyen dgng phffc t a p theo bffdc c h a n di Cung vdi nhffng tie'n
bg nay, p h d t t r i e n eong nghe pin n a n g lffgng cung da cdi t h i e n ddng ke k h i ndng b o a t dgng cua robot Nhffng loai pin
n h i e n lieu (Fuel cell technology) dung eho robot di dgng tuy mdi bffdc d i u p h d t t r i e n nhffng da md r a khd n a n g ffng dung to ldn de md r g n g t h i trffdng robot dich vu (NIC 2008; Cue TTKH&CN, 2010)
La mgt linh vffe tich h g p da n g a n h , nhffng tie'n bg khoa hge va eong nghe da
m a n g lai n h i l u g i i i phdp de n a n g cao
n d n g Iffe b o a t dgng cua robotics Vdi sff phdt t r i e n n h a n h chdng lien lae khong day, robot da md r g n g dffgc khd n d n g giao tiep vdi t h e gidi b e n ngoai Cong nghe va h a t i n g lien lac k h o n g day tiep tue phdt t r i e n da tao t h u a n lgi de n a n g cao vai tro eua robot t r o n g mgi h o a t dgng
De thffe h i e n nhffng n h i e m vu ngay cang
da d a n g va phffc t a p , phdi t r a n g bi cho robot nhffng bg cam bien n h a y cam n h a m thu t h a p kip t h d i dff lieu ea ve t i m n h i n
va a m t h a n h Nhffng t i e n bg eong nghe
ve vi xff li, vi eg dien tff va t r u y e n dgng tien tie'n nhff eg n h a n t a o da giup hoan
t h i e n nhieu kieu robot e l ve chffc n d n g va
k h a n d n g thffe h i e n , ddc biet ddi vdi
^ OUAN LY KINH TE
36 34(7/2010)
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nhffng robot kich thffdc nhd, cd do phffc
tap eao (Trieu Qudc Lgc 2008)
Ngay nay, robot dang dffgc phdt t r i e n
va md rgng p h a m vi sff dung de thffe hien
nhffng n h i e m vu khd khdn, nguy hiem va
nham chdn Robot eong nghiep da tao
nen cugc cdeh m a n g thffe sff trong mgt so'
nganh ehe tdc, khai khodng, ehe bien
Robot dich vu eung dffgc md rgng trong
linh vffe quan sff, dam bao anh ninh, ddi
sdng gia dinh va nhffng b o a t dgng xa hgi
Tai N h a t Ban, robot dich vu ehuyen
nghiep da phdt t r i e n n h a n h trong boat
dgng l l t a n , kiem t r a an ninh Robot
chuyen nghiep eung da dffgc t r i e n khai d
nhilu linh vffe e i n sff phd^i hgp lien
nganh nhff p h i u t h u a t y hge, v i i n thong
Khi dffgc t r a n g bi nhffng cam bien tien
tie'n, robot dich vu quan sff da ed kha
nang phdt hien nhffng moi de dga n h a n h
hon con ngffoi, tao lgi the nha't dinh
trong gidm sdt va thffe thi chien dau
Nhffng robot mini va nhffng dan robot
nho be da trd t h a n h nhffng cong cu dae
biet hffu ich trong d i l u tra, khao sdt va
tim kie'm effu hg Nhffng robot thdng
minh, ed kha n a n g tff chu da eai t h i e n
ddng ke chat lffgng nhffng dich vu khd
khan, nguy hiem ca trong phuc vu chien
dau va ddi song xa hgi
Cong nghe robot da the hien r i t ro
tiem n a n g tdc dgng den cdc ye'u td^ la sffc
manh cua mgi quo'c gia Viec sff dung he
thdng van h a n h tff dgng khong ngffdi ldi
vdi phan m e m n i n t a n g dffgc e i i thien,
da gop p h i n quan trong trong dam bao an
ninh, n a n g eao vai tro va vi the dia chinh
tri qudc gia V l kinh t e , eung vdi xu the
phdt trien n h a n h chdng eua robot dich
vu, thi trffdng robot phi cong nghiep toan
ciu ngay mgt t a n g eao, dffgc dff bao dat
doanh sd t r e n 15 ty USD vao n a m 2015
Robot dang trd t h a n h mgt n g a n h eong
nghiep quan t r g n g eo tdc dgng den nhieu
nganh kinh te khde (NIC 2008)
V l phffgng dien vdn hda Robot cung tao a n h hffdng ddng ke cho cdc linh vffe then chdt trong gdn ket xa hgi Gidng nhff nhffng eon v a t t h a n thuge trong nha, robot thong minh eo the trd t h a n h vat giao tiep, lam b a n vdi ngffdi gia; robot lam cong viec gia dinh dffgc dff bdo se phdt t r i e n r i t n h a n h Tai N h a t B i n , nhieu loai robot dich vu da dffgc sff dung vao ehdm soc ngffdi gia, thffe hien nhffng eong viec phffc t a p , khd khdn bode eo tinh c h i t lap di lap lai
Vdi nhffng dot phd trong eong nghe robotics va n i m giff dffgc nhffng patent cot ldi de thffOng mai hda ket qua nghien effu My va N h a t Ban la nhffng nffde di
d i u t r e n thi trffdng robot the gidi Tiep theo My va N h a t la ede quo'c gia d chau
Au va H a n Qud^c, Trung Quo'c eung la mgt nffde dang ndi len trong linh vffe nay La
m a n h da't mau md eho sang tao cong nghe, tinh chat toan elu va sff t h a m gia rgng rai cua cgng ddng khoa hge qud'c te
da lam cho vai tro cua robotics ngay cang quan trgng va dang md ra nhffng chan trdi mdi trong sff p h a t trien toan cau
6 C o n g n g h p I n t e r n e t
Vdi xu the phdt t r i e n toan elu, trong tffgng lai Interrnet se hien dien d mgi dd vat sff dung h a n g ngay ke ca vat goi thffe
an, dd ngi t h a t , gia'y van phdng riii ro xua't hien se ldn hon r a t n h i l u l l n neu con ngffdi thffe hien nhffng h a n h vi dilu khien, kiem tra, kiem sodt va dinh vi mgi vat tff xa Khi trong dd vat da an chffa rui
ro an ninh thong tin, thi lien ke't nhieu vat d l d i n de'n gia t a n g bgi lan rui ro
t r e n m a n g interrnet Nhu elu gia t a n g dd vat sff dung h a n g ngay cung vdi nhffng tien bg cong nghe se tao lan song md rgng viee sff dung eong nghe i n t e r r n e t lien k e t mgi vat
Dffgc ggi ra tff t h a n h vien eua Hgi ddng phdt t r i e n eong nghe n h a n d a n g
t a n sd sdng vo tuye'n dien (RFID),
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I n t e r r n e t lien k e t mgi v a t ( I n t e r n e t of
Things-IoT-) dffgc dung de chi k h a n d n g
k h d m phd va k h a i thdc t h o n g tin ve dd
v a t g a n vdi RFID, nd the h i e n y tffdng
chung v l nhffng dd v a t ma ngffdi t a cd
t h e dge, n h a n dang, dinh vi va xac dinh
dia chi h o a c k i e m sodt t h o n g qua
I n t e r r n e t B i n chat k e t noi trong eong
nghe loT dffgc t h o n g qua giao thffe
inter-net (Interinter-net Protocol) nhffng b e n c a n h
dd k h o n g t h e bd qua cong nghe n h a n
d a n g t i n so' sdng vo tuyen dien Bdi vay,
loT k h o n g tdch rdi dffgc vdi nhffng m a n g
cam bien gidm sdt dd vat Hai phffgng
thffe k e t noi phd bie'n eua loT la dd v a t
vdi ngffdi (Thing to Person) dffa t r e n
nhffng eong nghe eho p h e p con ngffdi tdc
dgng len dd v a t va dd v a t vdi dd v a t
(Thing to Thing) cho p h e p v a t dung h a n g
ngay va eg sd h a t i n g tffgng tdc lan nhau
khong qua tdc dgng eon ngffdi Theo dd,
giao t i e p mdy vdi mdy la mgt d a n g giao
t i e p dd v a t vdi dd v a t dffgc sff dung rgng
r a i trong he tho'ng eong nghe t h o n g tin
dien rgng
Lien quan den cong nghe I n t e r r n e t
lien k e t mgi vat ed nhieu, nhffng chu yeu
bao gdm ede n h a n td^ cau t h a n h he thd^ng
dd la: Giao dien mdy vdi mdy va nhffng
giao thffe lien lac dien tff t r e n mgt m a n g
Iffdi; cdc chip mdy t i n h ddng vai tro vi
kiem sodt (microcontroller) dffgc tao ra de
g i n t r e n dd vat; he tho'ng lien lac k h o n g
day vdi t i i m n a n g da d a n g hda cdc k e n h
lien lae trong loT; cong nghe RFID gdm
nhffng the va d i u dge vdi ffu the thong tin
dffgc t r u i n qua khoang edch nhd ma
khong e i n tiep xue v a t ly; nhffng bg cam
bie'n dd tim thuge t i n h thay ddi trong moi
trffdng va bdo ve he thd'ng, dd la mgt
d a n g mdy bie'n n a n g ed the tao ra ndng
lffgng r i t nhd de t r u y i n t h o n g tin; cdc bg
dan dgng (actuator) dd tim tin hieu de'n
va p h a n ffng b a n g cdeh t h a y ddi trong
moi trffdng; cdc eong nghe dinh vi giup
ngffdi va may tim mgi dd v a t va xac dinh
^ QUAN LY KINH TE
mdi trffdng xung quanh Mgt ca'u t h a n h quan t r g n g cua he t h d n g dd la p h i n m e m Sff p h d t t r i e n cua eong nghe loT phu thuge nhieu vao n a n g Iffe cong nghe p h i n
m i m ma k h o n g cd k h u n g ly t h u y e t nao gidi b a n sff p h d t t r i e n (Cue TTKH&CN Qude gia, 2010)
Theo cdc n h a p h a n tieh, RFID la mgt phffgng p h d p n h a n d a n g tff dgng t r e n cff
sd lffu trff dff lieu tff xa, dffa vao t h e n h a n
d a n g t i n sd sdng vo tuye'n dien va d i u dge RFID Cong nghe n a y da t a o t h u a n lgi cho viee n h a n d a n g dd v a t tff nhffng
k h o a n g edch ldn, nd da md r a hffdng ffng dung mdi t r o n g to chffc n g h i e n effu va qudn ly e l v l do'i tffgng n h a n sff, he
t h d n g quan ly; quan ly h a n g h d a trong doanh n g h i e p , n h a kho, sieu t h i , xe eg
va t r o n g thffe h i e n cdc t h u tue h a n h chinh
Thffe te ffng dung loT t r o n g nhieu linh vffe eung da t h e h i e n nhffng ffu t h e ddng
ke cua eong nghe n a y so vdi nhffng eong nghe t r u y i n thd'ng sff dung trffdc day Dung t h e RFID giup t i e t k i e m t h d i gian
va tao t a m ly ly t h o a i mdi t r o n g ede giao dich thffong m a i va dich vu, bdi toe do dge va xff ly RFID cd t h e d a t tff 50 den 2.000 the trong m g t giay ( n h a n h gap tff
40 den 1.600 l l n so vdi viec quet ma vach) Nhd nhffng t i e n bg cong nghe eua
he t h d n g n h a n d a n g dff lieu tff dgng
k h o n g day, RFID ed t h e giam thieu sai sdt v l dia diem, day c h u y i n cung ffng va
t d n t h i t giao h a n g d e n 90%; gia tdng hieu sua't tff 12% de'n 15% va giam dffgc thdi gian k i e m dem t d n kho h a n g h d a tff 35% de'n 40% (NIC 2008) Tff nhffng lgi
t h e eua eong nghe loT t r o n g k i n h doanh Home Depot, mgt t a p doan bdn le ldn thff
2 nffde My da d a n t h e t h o n g m i n h RFID len t i t ea 50.000 loai s a n p h a m va h a n g Gilette cung da ddt h a n g 500 t r i e u the
g i n vdi s a n p h a m dao cao rau
Do d a t dffgc nhieu mue tieu k h d e biet
so vdi nhffng ddi thu c a n h t r a n h , trong
3634(7/2010)