Lý thuyết và bài tập câu tường thuật (REPORTED SPEECH)

A Reported speech (statement) Tường thuật câu trần thuật (câu kể) (direct speech – trực tiếp) Paul said “I did this exercise yesterday ” Paul said (that) he had done that exercise the day before said.

A Reported speech (statement) - Tường thuật câu trần thuật (câu kể)

(direct speech – trực tiếp)

Paul said (that) he had done that exercise the day before

said + to + O + (that)

told + O + (that)

(indirect speech – gián tiếp)

CÁC BƯỚC TƯỜNG THUẬT CÂU KỂ

 Bước 1: Dùng đúng Động từ tường thuật

* A said  A said (that)

* A said to B  A told B (that)

Lưu ý: Xem Động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verb: say/said, tell/told, ask/asked, etc.) có

ở QUÁ KHỨ hay không

 Động từ tường thuật chia ở thì QUÁ KHỨ động từ chính sẽ lùi 1 thì

 Động từ tường thuật chia ở thì hiện tại/ tương lai  động từ chính sẽ không lùi thì

Bước 2: Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép

 Bước 3: Đổi ngôi kể của Đại từ nhân xưng/ Tính từ sở hữu/ đại từ sở hữu (I/ you/ we/ they/ he/ she/ it/ me/ us/ them/ him/ her/ my/ your/ his/ her/ their/ our ) cho phù hợp với ngôi của câu tường thuật

(theo Bảng 1 bên dưới)

 Bước 4: Lùi Thì của Động từ chính về 1 thì

(theo Bảng 2 bên dưới)

 Bước 5: Lùi Tính từ chỉ định (this, that, these, those) & Trạng từ (Adverbs)

(theo Bảng 3 bên dưới)

Bảng 1 Cách đổi ngôi của Đại từ nhân xưng, Tính từ sở hữu, Đại từ sở hữu

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Ví dụ

(CÂU TRỰC TIẾP) (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)

 Ngôi 1  ngôi 3 1 “I don’t like football”, Kate said [Kate => me]

 Kate said she didn’t like football

 Ngôi 2  ngôi 3/ ngôi 1 1 “The team doesn’t choose you”, the leader told Nam

 The leader told Nam the team didn’t choose him.

[the leader => Nam ]

2 “The team doesn’t choose you”, the leader told me

 The leader said the team didn’t choose me.

[the leader => me ]

 Ngôi 3  giữ nguyên 1 “He will not come”, my mom said

 My mom said he would not come

[the mom => me]

Ngôi kể Subject

(trước V)

Object (sau V)

Possessive ADJ + N (Tính từ sở hữu + N)

Possessive Pronoun (Đại từ sở hữu = Tính từ sở hữu + N)

Reflexive Pronoun (Đại từ phản thân)

Số 1 I

We

Me Us

My Our

Mine = My + house Ours

Myself Ourselves

Số 3 They

He

She

It

Them Him Her

It

Their His Her Its

Theirs His Hers Its

Themselves Himself Herself Itself

 i/me/my; we/us/our; you/your (ngôi trực tiếp) : sẽ phải bị đổi ngôi khi tường thuật

 He/she/it/they (ngôi gián tiếp): không đổi khi tường thuật

 I, me, my , we, us, our: là người nói

 You, your: người nghe

 Khi đổi ngôi trong câu tường thuật: đổi giữa các khôi trong cùng 1 cột, không đổi

giữa các cột với nhau

Bảng 2 Lùi thì của Động từ chính trong câu Tường thuật DIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TRỰC TIẾP) INDIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)

1 Hiện tại đơn

 S + V/ Vs/es

 S + don’t/ doesn’t + V0

 S + am / is / are

 Quá khứ đơn

 S + V2/ed

 S + didn’t + V0

 S + was / were

2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn

 S + am / is / are + V-ing

 Quá khứ tiếp diễn

 S+ was / were + V-ing

3 Hiện tại hoàn thành

 S + have / has + V3/ed

 Quá khứ hoàn thành

 S + had + V3/ed

4 Quá khứ đơn

 S + was / were

 S + V2/ed

 Quá khứ hoàn thành

 S + had + V3/ed

5 Quá khứ tiếp diễn

 S + was / were + V-ing

 Qúa khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

 S + had + been + V-ing

 KHÔNG LÙI THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ CHÍNH KHI:

1 Động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verbs) ở thì Hiện tại/ Tương lai

2 Nội dung tường thuật là “If 2/3”

3 Nội dung tường thuật là “Sự thật hiển nhiên”

4 Nội dung tường thuật là “S + V 2 có năm xác định”

5 Động từ chính ở Thì QKHT , ought to, could , should, might, used to, would rather, had better… => giữ nguyên

Bảng 3 Lùi Tính từ chỉ định và Trạng ngữ trong câu Tường thuật

DIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TRỰC TIẾP) INDIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)

1 This

2 These

3 Here

4 Now

5 Today

6 Tonight

7 Yesterday

8 Tomorrow

9 ago

10 last (year, week, )

That Those There Then That day That night

the previous day / the day before the following day / the day after/ the next day

before the previous… / the before

11 next (year, week, ) the following / the after

BÀI TẬP

Exercise 1: Report these statements, using the verbs suggested.

(Hãy tường thuật những câu này, sử dụng động từ cho sẵn.)

1 “Our lives have changed a lot thanks to the knowledge our children brought home.”

 An old farmer said (that ) their lives had changed a lot thanks to the knowledge their

children brought home

Said (that)

[old farmer => me]

2 “I'm going to Ho Chi Minh City soon."

 She said she was going to Ho Chi Minh City soon.

3 “The film will be interesting."

 I thought (that) the film would be interesting

4 “I can't help you because I have too much to do." [she => me]

 She said (that) she couldn’t help me because she had too much to do

5 “Anne has written Jim a letter."

 Rick told me Anne had written Jim a letter

6 “It took me three hours to get here because the roads were muddy and slippery."

(Qkđ => qkht) (there) (Qkđ => qkht)

 He told me it had taken him three hours to get there because the roads had been muddy and slippery

7 “I think it's a crazy idea It won’t work.” [she => me]

(thought) (was) (wouldn’t)

 She said she thought it was a crazy idea and it wouldn’t work

8 “Breakfast is served between 7:00 and 9:00." [htđ => qkđ: was served]

 He announced (that) breakfast was served between 7:00 and 9:00

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences, using the correct form of say tell or talk.

(Hoàn chỉnh câu, dùng dạng đúng của say, tell hoặc talk.)

Said (that)

Told + O + that

1 Jack told me that he was enjoying his new class

2 Tom_said_it was a nice restaurant, but I didn't like it very much.

3 The doctor_said that I would have to rest for at least one week

4 My aunt_told_ us that she wouldn't be able to come the next weekend

5 At the meeting the teacher talked about the problems our school had

Exercise 3: Report these statements

1) "He works in this bank," John said [John => me]

 John told me (that) he worked in that bank

2) "We went out last night," Mike and Miley said

 Mike and Miley said (that) they had gone out the previous night/ the night before.

3) "I'm coming to you now!", said her boyfriend [her bf => she]

 Her boyfriend told her (that) he was coming to her then

4) "I was waiting for the bus when he arrived two days ago," Keira told me.[K => me]

 Keira told me she had been waiting for the bus when he had arrived two days before 5) "I didn't go to the party yesterday," said my classmate.[my classmate => me]

Qkd => qkht: had V3/ed

 My classmate said that he/she hadn’t gone to the party the day before

6) "You can come with your friends tomorrow," my boss told me [boss => me]

 My boss told me I could come with my friends the day after

7) "We haven't eaten breakfast this morning," said my colleagues [colleagues => me]

 My colleagues said they hadn’t eaten breakfast that morning

8) "I can help you tomorrow," the consultant told the students

 The consultant told the students (that) he/she could help them the day after

9) "You have to go to bed early from today," the doctor told me.[doctor => me]

 The doctor told me (that) I had to go to bed early from that day

10) "I don't like these boxes of chocolate,” the customer said [customer => me]

 The customer said (that) he/she didn’t like those boxes of chocolate

11) "I won't see you tomorrow," Tiana told Josh

 Tiana said to Josh (that) she/ Tiana wouldn’t see him/Josh the following day/ the day

after/ the next day.

12) "I’m living in Paris for a few months," said Gina [httd => qktd: S + was/ were V-ing]

 Gina said she was living in Paris for a few months

13) "I visited my parents last weekend," Julie said

 Julie said (that) she had visited her parents the previous weekend/ the weekend

before.

14) "I haven't eaten sushi here before," said Helen

 Helen said she hadn’t eaten sushi there before

15) "I didn’t travel by underground until I came to London," the teenager said

 The teenager said that he/she had not travelled by underground until he/she came

/had come to London.