DON''''T MISS THE PITA ENERGY EVENT! potx

The squeeze willresult from: • the European energy market • EU energy policies • the industry’s inability to recoup cost increases in a marketplace which is characterised byoversupply an

Paper Technology

The official journal of the Paper Industry Technical Association Volume 47

Number 6 September 2006

24 Paper Porosity Online Profiling

Antti Paavola

The new Honeywell sensor enhances on line MD and CD control of ity, a property which is important for almost all paper grades

poros-31 Sticky and trash removal techniques

Helmuth Gabl, Udo Hamm, Brigitte Bobek, Hans-Joachim Putz, Samuel Schabel, Lutz Hamann, Oliver Cordier, Johannes Kappen & Dieter Pauly

New processes which will radically change the European Pulp & PaperIndustry are the focus of the EcoTarget research project This featuredescribes progress in the field of sticky removal techniques

35 Methods used for measurement of stickies

Helmuth Gabl, Udo Hamm, Brigitte Bobek, Hans-Joachim Putz, Samuel Schabel, Lutz Hamann, Oliver Cordier, Johannes Kappen & Dieter Pauly

The lack of recognized test methods for stickies is still a major obstacle toprogress in controlling the sticky problems in recycling mills EcoTargetaims to develop new measuring techniques

41 Zellstoff Stendal, a state-of-the-art pulp mill

Alpo Tuomi

The 552,000 tpy Stendal pulp mill ramped up to 95% of capacity in the 1stQuarter of 2006 - not quite 2 years after start-up in 2004

FRONT COVER PICTURE

The UK Paper Industry currently faces one ofthe toughest challenges it has confronted in moderntimes Energy prices are rising at an unprecedentedrate, and nowhere more so than in the UK, at a timewhen Environmental and Commercial pressures havenever been higher The first half of 2006 has seen theindustry lose mills at a rate of almost one a month andthere is little sign of the situation changing

However, there are measures that can be taken torecover some of this lost margin and this is your oppor-tunity to discover what can be done to protect your milland your job

PITA are holding an Energy Event on September 21st toanswer some questions Turn to page 16 for a full pro-gramme and the inside back cover for how to register

In Europe, liberalization is incomplete and thecorresponding lack of transparency is fosteringgas hoarding, cross-border bottlenecks and pricesurges

In November 2005, the EU published the ings of a country-by-country review of theimplementation of the energy directives Itrevealed that gas and electricity markets are stilllargely national and many of the old nationalmonopolies continue to operate at network,wholesale and distribution levels

find-Russian gas, which is playing an increasinglyimportant role in Western Europe, is sold into pre-contracted markets, within which Gazprom formscontracts with the strongest incumbent player.This survival of vertical integration is handi-capping new players and causing “seriousmalfunctions” in the market, such as:

• Endemic transparency issues - a lack of data

on the technical availability of tors and transmission networks, which putsnew suppliers at a disadvantage

inter-connec-• Prices rates are administered rather than ket led, and there may be anti-competitivepractices There is an urgent need for transpar-ent market mechanism for setting prices, saysthe EU’s Competition Commissioner, NeelieKroes

mar-• Gas storage is driven by political rather thancommercial considerations, security of domes-tic supply being the main concern

Thus, in the Winter of 2005-06, even though

UK prices were the highest in Europe, gas plies remained in storage, in a market dominated

sup-by security of supply

In the UK, the wholesale gas price index hasrisen by 170% since the beginning of 2004, andelectricity prices have increased by 140%

High costs are driving small mills out of ness - 12 mills have closed down since the start

busi-of 2005, and Smurfit Kappa points to energy as amajor factor in the impending closure of thepapermaking operation at Snodland

The energy problem is rooted in:

i) the UK’s rapid transition from net exporter tonet importer of gas and the fact that an ade-quate supply infrastructure will not be in place

until 2007/2008, pages 6-7.

ii) An oil market alive with fears about security

of supply This is driving prices - up by 89%

to $55 a barrel from 2003 to 2005; and, by

another 18% in the 1st Half of 2006, pages

8-9 A $10 increase per barrel of oil adds 7p per

therm to the price of gas

iii)The energy markets of the EU, which are notyet working properly because regional monop-olies are obstructing the flow of gas acrossfrontiers Last winter, for example, the Inter-connector, which pipes gas from Belgium tothe UK, ran at only one third of capacity eventhough acute shortages drove UK prices topeaks of 155p and 187p a therm

Liberalizing European energy markets

The EU started to move towards open, petitive markets in the mid 1990s, a decade afterthe start of privatization in the UK The essentialrequirement for competition is the unbundling ofthe market, ie, the split up of the various func-tions - generation, transmission and supply -which had been integrated by incumbents, such

com-as the former British Gcom-as

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with the Association None of the

contents may be extracted,

circu-lated, or re-published without

1996-98 1st Electricity and Gas Directives

To create an open and competitive market

2001 EC Communication on the need for amendments to Energy Directives

2003 2nd Gas & Electricity Directives adopted

2004-07 Transposition into National Law

2004 Open markets for industrial consumers

2007 Deadline: Open markets for all consumers

Soaring energy prices - up by 150% in the UKsince January 2004 - will put a triple squeeze onEuropean papermakers in the coming years,according to Magnus Hall of Holmen, at the 2006PRIMAConference, figure 1 The squeeze will

result from:

• the European energy market

• EU energy policies

• the industry’s inability to recoup cost increases

in a marketplace which is characterised byoversupply and hard fought price hikes,

figure 2.

The energy market: While the soaring price of

oil is inflating the profits of the incumbent nies which dominate the energy markets ofEurope, it is driving energy-intensive paper millsout of business

compa-Over the last year, the operating margins ofEnergy Companies rose from 34.4% to 37.7% -

figure 3 Over the same period, 12 UK mills closed

down, many of them citing soaring energy costs as

the last straw in the battle for survival, see page 6.

Emission Trading: The Emission Allowance

regime of the EU is driving prices upwards by ating a “virtual” cost for the marginal production

cre-of electrical energy

This is handicapping European papermakersvis-a-vis their global competitors who are not bur-dened by the cost of emission allowances

Instead of the country-specific emissions of theKyoto Protocol, these competitors have opted forthe alternative approach of the Partnership onClean Development and Climate - ie a focus onthe progressive reduction of emissions via thedevelopment of new technologies

The clean climate partnership

The Partnership includes major players in thepulp and paper world: the USA, Japan, China,India, Australia and South Korea

In view of these developments, the survival ofthe Kyoto Model beyond 2012 is a moot point

In the meantime, European producers are beinghit hard by a policy which, even if it achieves thetargeted 8% reduction in emissions by 2012, canhave only a limited impact on climate change,

Selected Energy Companies 34.2% 37.7%

Selected Pulp and Paper Companies 4.6% 5.9%

Oversupply Oversupply

Merchants

Paper Producers (Europe)

Figure 2: 2005 was a difficult year for European paper companies, many of

which operated at a loss From the presentation by Outi Ervasti of

Poyry Forest Industry Consulting at PRIMA06.

Figure 1: Energy costs continue to rise European papermakers have the

additional cost burden of the Emission Allowance Scheme which is

driving electricity prices upward

Figure 3: Papermaking profits are improving in 2006 but margins are low.

Source: Holmen

Europe being responsible for just 10% of theworld’s CO2emissions.

The Finns, who currently hold the Presidency

of the EU, are therefore calling for a new approach

to environmental policy, including a review of theemission trading system - in terms of its costs andachievements

In mid July, at an unofficial meeting of pean Environment Ministers, Helsinki submitted adiscussion document entitled: Towards a New Gen-eration of Environmental Policy - the Next Step

Euro-Renewable Energy Policy: The cost of

pulp-wood is being driven upward by RE policieswhich are subsidising the use of wood as biofuel

In addition, energy producers are attracted to CO2neutral roundwood by the lucrative trade inemission allowances

-In Sweden, the use of biofuels by CHPplant hasincreased 20 fold over the 1980 to 2004 period -

up from 2TWh to 40TWh, of which, 20TWh is

derived from wood, figure 4

Holmen expects that these developments willcreate ‘stiff competion’ between mills and CHPplant for roundwood in future years

This damaging clash could be avoided, if biofuelsubsidies were limited to wood residues - thinnings,branches, tree tops and stumps - which are used toproduce power within the pulp and paper industry,says the Finnish Forest Industries Federation

Costs and prices: a widening gap

For an industry which is returning to low profit

margins after the losses of 2005, figures 2 and 3,

these cost burdens are hard to bear, especiallysince there is little chance of recuperative priceincreases in highly competitive paper markets Since 2004, the escalating cost of electricity -

up from € 25 to € 55 per kWh - has added € 100 tothe cost of producing newsprint from TMP,

While the high energy cost of mechanical ing - 20% of total production costs - is pushing upthe cost of producing publication grades, there arealso significant increases in grades made fromchemical pulp and recycled fibre

pulp-Figure 6 shows the relationship between these

cost increases and the required price increases indifferent paper grades - some € 30 for coatedwoodfrees and € 40-€ 50 for recycled newsprint

Figure 6 also shows how the costs for News

TMP, SCandLWCgrades can be reduced by theBest Available Technology

In the case of TMPnewsprint, specific energyconsumption has been reduced from 3200 kWh perton to 1900 kWh over the last 30 years Additionalimprovments, which will bring consumption to

1400 kWh/ton, are possible, figure 8, facing page.

Figure 4: The paper industry will face stiff competition from CHP plant for

the purchase of roundwood EU subsidies are promoting the use

of wood as a biofuel In addition, as a fuel, CO2– neutral

round-wood benefits from the lucrative trade in emission allowances.

Source: STEM/ Holmen

Rising Consumption of Biofuel in CHP Plant

Figure 5: The price of electricity had doubled since 2004 and added € 100 to

the cost of producing a ton of TMP newsprint

Electricity Costs for Different Grades

Source: Holmen

Figure 6: Shows i) the relationship between cost increases and the required

price increases for newsprint, LWC, coated woodfree and SC

grades and ii) the impact of BAT in reducing energy costs.

Sensitivity of Publication Grades to Cost Increases

for Electricity and Fibre

Fibre Source: Holmen

To survive in an era of expensive energy, the pulpand paper industry is launching new initiatives - atcompany, national and international level In Sweden,for example:

• Pulp and Paper Companies are forming power ation alliances with other energy intensive industries.The investments of the BasEl alliance will provide:i) an independent source of power The target is anextra 10 TWh, of which 8 TWh will come from apurpose built supply line from Russia

gener-ii) the leverage to put pressure on general marketprices and secure competitive pricing BasElaccounts for 20% of the electricity consumed inSweden

• At mill level, investment in back pressure power hasresumed after a lull in the late 1980s and early1990s,when output dropped from 4 TWh to 2.5 TWh Now,

on the increase again, output is expected to reach 4.5TWh by 2010 and 5 TWh by 2020

Energy efficiency and BAT

At mill level, there is an intensified focus on theBest Available Technology (BAT) for unit processessuch as mechanical pulping In the latter, energyaccounts for 20% of produciton costs compared withjust 2% in chemical pulping

Figure 8 shows the dramatic reduction in the specific

energy consumption which BATcan bring to the TMPprocess And, further reduction to 1700 kWh and1400kWh are possible’, says Magnus Hall of Holmen

At national level there is a need for more power erating capacity And, since fossil fuel is expensive andthe prospects for wind and hydro power are limited,industry is lobbying for:

gen-• New investments in nuclear energy, Figure 7 shows

the structure of generating capacity in Holmen’s 3main spheres of operation - Spain, Sweden and theUK

• A speed- up of the permitting process for new tricity generating capacity Currently, the lead time isvery long

elec-At international level, The Finnish Presidency of the

EU may see the birth of a new generation of mental policies - policies with global reach anddesigned to protect both the environment and the com-petitiveness of European industry

environ-The Finns are calling for a revision of the Emissionsand Renewable Energy policies and are urging the EU

to adopt the approach which has made the pulp andpaper industry Europe’s biggest producer and user ofrenewable energy, ie

• the use of forest residues - thinnings, branches, treetops stumps - rather than industrial grade roundwoodfor fuel

‘The burning of industrial grade wood has negativeconsequences on employment and reduces the incomegenerated from wood,’ says the Finnish Forest Indus-tries Federation ‘Moreover, at the end of their lifecycle and after recycling, wood and paper products canstill be used as bioenergy

The path to cost-effective energy: power generation alliances and BAT

Figure 7: Swedish paper companies are entering into power generation

alliances with other industries – the Swedish Base Industries

Electricity Company, for example The BasEl alliance accounts

for 20% of Sweden’s electricity consumption.

Power Generation in Spain, UK and Sweden

Source: Holmen

Figure 8: BAT for mechanical pulping - energy consumption has been

reduced radically and is still falling.

Specific Energy Consumption by TMP Process

Figure 9: In the energy intensive mechanical pulping process, energy

accounts for 20% of production costs, compared with only 2%

in chemical pulping

Distribution of Production Costs for Pulping

Source: Holmen

Source: Holmen

by M.E Marley

UK papermakers are bracing themselves for a wave of

crip-pling energy costs similar to those of last Winter - as they watch

forward prices for the Winter of 2006/7 soar beyond the current

prompt price by a factor of 3

As the recent White Paper on Energy offers no solutions, “the

UK paper industry is likely to be hit by extremely high energy

prices again, which could result in more mill closures”, says

David Morgan, Head of Regulatory Affairs at CPI

Since the start of 2005, 12 UK mills have closed down

includ-ing Smith Anderson in Fife, Sappi in Hemel Hempstead, and

Edward Thompson in Sunderland Most of them cite high energy

prices as a major cause

The price increases are immense Since January 2004 the

wholesale gas price index has risen by 170% and electricity prices

have increased by 140% In the tissue sector, the average cost of

energy rose to some 25% of total manufacturing cost in 2005

The high UK prices are driven by the global rise in oil prices

-up 89% from 2003-2005 - and intensified by domestic conditions:

• Declining UK output After 10 years as a net exporter of gas,

the UK became a net importer in 2004, figure 1.

• The lack of adequate import storage facilities - the capacity to

respond to peaks in demand in the Winter months The

transi-tion from net exports to net imports has been more rapid than

forecast, causing a time lag of 2 - 3 years in the start up of the

new supply infrastructure, most of which is due to come on

stream next year, figures 2 and 3.

• The failure of the existing supply lines to work properly, in

particular the Interconnector through which gas is piped from

Zeebrugge in Belgium to Bacton in Norfolk The capacity of

the Interconnector was increased in the Autumn of 2005

-from 8.5 billion m3a year to 16.5 bm3/y - and the National

Grid expected it to deliver an average 42 million cubic meters

a day until March 2006 Instead, it delivered just 15 mm3/d,

less than one third of its capacity, even though tight supply had

pushed UK prices to 180p a therm The current price is around

40p a therm

New supply lines in place by 2007

Commentators expect that these supply problems will be

resolved next year when several new supply lines come on

stream They include new pipelines from:

UK mills prepare for an energy crisis in the Winter months

Norway: The Langeledd pipeline will bring in oil from the

Ormen Lange field to Easington in the East Riding It will havethe capacity to supply 20% of the UK’s gas demand and is due tostart delivering gas in 2007 The Statfjord Late Life Field is alsoexpected to start supplying the UK in 2007

The Netherlands: The BBL pipeline is being laid between

Balgzand on the Dutch coast and Bacton in North Norfolk It isexpected to be operational by the end of 2006; and, at full capac-ity, it will supply up to 13% of UK demand BBL is a jointventure by Dutch, Belgian and Germany energy companies

Russia, the world's leading gas exporter, is extending its reach

into Western Europe, via Gazprom, a state-controlled company.Gazprom and Gasunie of the Netherlands are negotiating a recip-rocal stakeholding in the BBL pipeline and the North-EuropeanGas Pipeline

The North European Pipeline is being laid underneath theBaltic, between Vyborg on the Russian coast and Greifswald innorth- east Germany It is due to come on stream in 2010 Earlier this year, Gazprom expressed an interest in acquiringCentrica, the owner of British Gas

Belgium: The capacity of the Interconnector is being

expanded to 24 billion m3 The new capacity will come on stream

in October, before the onset of Winter Another phase of sion is being planned for next year, with start up pencilled in forOctober 2007 It will increase capacity by another 2 billion m3ayear, enabling the Interconnector to supply up to 25% of UKdemand

expan-Liquid Natural Gas: In addition to new pipeline supplies, the

UK is also investing in huge storage and processing terminals forLiquid Natural Gas

The Isle of Grain terminal, which started up in 2005, some 20miles east of London, sends up to 3.3 million tonnes of LNGintothe transmission system every year An expansion programmewill increase capacity to some 9.8 million tonnes by 2008

In South Wales, the Dragon and South Hook terminals arebeing developed; and, in 2008, a huge LNGterminal will come onstream in Anglesey

The need for a single liberalized market

With these developments, the UK grid will be plugged into avast and diversified supply network, which, by 2010, will be sup-plying 50% of demand

But the question is: Will the infrastructure function as it

should? The current expansion of the Interconnector will be of

lit-tle use if increased capacity does not translate into the additionalvolumes required in the UK

Despite an EU Directive which promotes 3rd party access tothe distribution networks, the system is not working Sufficientgas was not made available at Zeebrugge for export to the UKlast Winter, a fact which is variously attributed to:

i) bottlenecks in the European distribution networkii) the priorities of European energy companies and their fears of

a shortfall in domestic supply at a time of rising demand In theWinter of 2003-04, before security of supply became a drivingforce, the Interconnector ran at maximum export mode to meet

cur-Figure 2 (top right):The LNG

operators include: Centrica,

Canabox; ExxonMobil; LNG

Japan; Osaka Gas; Petroplus

and Qatar Petroleum.

Figure 1 (bottom left):With

output in decline, the UK

became a net importer of

nat-ural gas in 2004, a year or so

earlier than forecast In 2005,

UK output declined by a

fur-ther 8.1% Consumption also

declined - by 2.2% - as

indus-try switched to coal in the

face of rising gas prices.

Figure 3 (bottom right):Gas

supplies from Russia are

flowing into Western Europe

and a pipeline is being laid

underneath the Baltic In 2005

a new pipeline from North

Africa linked Italy to the gas

reserves of Libya and Algeria.

RUGasPipesMap: Source: Wikimedia

UK GAS SUPPLY LINES: EXISTING, PLANNED AND PROPOSED

bcm/year Pipelines from Belgium and Netherlands

Storage facilities in the UK

LNG operators include: Centrica; Canabox; ExxonMobil; LNG Japan, Osaka Gas; Petroplus; Qatar Petroleum

Figure 1In 2006, UK gas prices diverge from the rising oil index.

The price of oil broke through $70 a barrel

in April 2006 following two years of soaringprices - up 33% in 2004 and a further 43% in

2005 Over the first five months of this year,the average price was $65, a 20% increase on

2005 when the average for the year was $55 This is bad news for the UK paper indus-try, since the oil price has been a major driver

of wholesale gas prices since 1998 In thatyear with the start-up of the Interconnector,

UK gas prices became linked with the indexed gas markets of Europe

oil-But there are some positive signs in boththe gas and oil markets:

• New pipelines are opening up the world’sabundant oil and gas reserves

• New storage facilities and rising ries will underpin security of supply andallay the fears which have added a hugerisk premium to the price of oil

invento-Natural gas: a market in its own right

Figure 1 shows that although the price of

oil continued to rise in 2006, the price of gasand coal have dropped back In the UK, theprice of gas is down to around 40p a thermfrom a peak of 170p in the winter of 2005/06

At 40p a therm, the UK gas price is in linewith the Henry Hub gas index of the USArather than the oil index This shift reflectsthe rapid growth of the international trade ingas which now accounts for 26.1% of globalgas consumption Both pipeline and LiquidNatural Gas trade grew by 6.4% in 2005,based on new supply lines such as:

• pipelines from Libya and Algeria to Italy

• growing Russian and Norwegian exports,

For example, Gas, Power & Renewables isconstructing an LNGplant in Indonesia whichwill be producing 1 billion cubic feet of LNGper day by 2009 ‘It will have taken 10 yearsfrom reserves confirmation to start-up to putthis new supply chain in place’, said VivienneCox,CEOof GP&R in her address to the UKParliamentary Energy Group on 12 June2006

‘By 2015, global LNGsupply is likely to be

of the order of 50 bcfd - that is about the same

as the size of the whole European regional gasmarket today This wave of LNGshould be a

Escalating energy prices driven by fears and risk premiums rather than

2006 GAS AND OIL PRICES DIVERGE

Figure 2The international gas trade accounts for 26% of global consumption

TRADE IN PIPELINE AND LNG

Figure 3There is no resource constraint, according to BP

ABUNDANT GLOBAL OIL RESERVES

© BP 2006

by M.E Marley

factor in bringing down gas prices from the

very high levels we see today’, figure 2.

Abundant world reserves of oil

In the oil market too, there are positive

signs The 2006 BP Statistical Review of

World Energy paints a reassuring picture of

abundant oil reserves - although some

ana-lysts are predicting an imminent physical

resource constraint

‘There is no resource constaint’, says Peter

Davies of BP ‘The aggregate levels are high;

and, year by year, a combination of

explo-ration, investment and the application of

technology is ensuring that every unit of oil

and gas that is produced is replaced by new

proved reserves,’ figure 3.

Why then, the huge escalation in oil prices

over the last few years?

The roots of the problem lie in 2004, a

year of 4% global economic growth and

exceptional energy consumption- up 4.4%

over 2003 levels, figures 3 and 4.

The 2004 surge reduced global spare

pro-duction capacity to low levels - about 1.5

million b/d, almost all of which is in Saudi

Arabia At the same time, oil production was

disrupted by the geopolitics of oil producing

countries - expansion plans were delayed and

fears about future political stability increased

These fears counterbalanced the market

fundamentals, the fact that by the end of

2004, growth in production had outpaced

growth in consumption, and inventories were

above historic levels As a result the price of

oil was driven upwards by the risk premium

2005 was another year of strong, 3.6%

economic growth - lower than 2004, but

above the 10 year average Growth in energy

demand fell to 2.7% and there was also a

shift from oil to coal, which resulted in

growth of just 1.3% in global oil

consump-tion

In the same year, world output of oil

increased by 1% or 889,000 b/d, of which

OPECsupplied 96% In addition, new

pipelines came on stream in Angola, Brazil

and China

But, the OECDcountries saw a decline of

953,000 b/d, largely the result of falling

pro-duction in the US, the UK and Norway

‘Overall, these developments have left the

world oil market adequately supplied despite

supply disruptions’, says the BP review.’ Oil

prices are close to $70/bbl and are held up at

this high level by low surplus capacity, risk

perceptions and fears’

New oil investments are underway but

lead times are long ‘Global spare production

capacity should get back to historic norms of

around 3 million b/d, probably towards the

end of this decade At that stage the risk

pre-mium could decline.’

OIL PRICES FROM 1975 TO 2006

Figure 6Declining output in Europe and the USA is counterbalanced by OPEC and new players.

CHANGING GLOBAL OIL FLOWS

available and renewable resource and wewill be one of the lowest cost producers inthe global industry.

The mill - with bio-mass plant - is to bebuilt at Invergordon and will cost an esti-mated £1 billion The interim funding of

£6 m - £8 m will enable the company toacquire the site, apply for environmental andplanning permits, develop the detailed engi-neering design and recruit a senior

management team

Once this stage of funding is in place, theremainder of the investment (c £1 billion)will be provided by a combination of debt,equity and grant

The Forscot project - to build an grated pulp and paper mill in north eastScotland - has reached the interim stage asthe company discusses funding of £6-£8million with trade partners and otherinvestors

inte-“We have a number of funding ties and we are in detailed discussions withall of these potential investors”, said EdGillespie, chairman of Forscot, following arecent board meeting

opportuni-“Forscot remains convinced that this is aviable project We can produce high qualityproducts, for which there is growingdemand We will be using a sustainable,

Scottish pulp and paper project

Containerboard closures continue

SKG is also shutting down the 90,000 tpyLagamill Mill in southern Sweden - part ofthe group strategy to cut at least 200,000tonnes of European recycled containerboardcapacity in the second half of the year.Lagamill produces 70,000 tpy of con-tainerboard on PM15 and 20,000 tpy of FBB

on PM14 Earlier this year, SKG closed 270,000 tpy

of recycled containerboard capacity inFrance and Germany:

In France: Papeterie d’Uzerche,

Papeterie d’Aubazine, Usine de Bigny andPapeterie de Vernon

In Germany: the former Kappa

Packag-ing mill in Wiesloch

Equipment is likely to remain within thegroup and be transferred to plants in Europeand Latin America

The Smurfit Kappa Group is to closedown the papermaking and converting oper-ations at Snodland Mill in Kent, with theloss of some 150 jobs The Packaging Oper-ations at Snodland are unaffected

The mill has survived over the last sixyears by reducing its cost base and develop-ing new products But, over the last year, ithas been caught in a squeeze between soar-ing production costs and inadequate sellingprices:

• The tripling of gas prices and steep costincreases in raw materials such as pulpand chemicals

• A market with inadequate selling pricesand an inflow of cheap imports from FarEast

This squeeze has created a position ofunsustainable losses

Closures at SKG Snodland and in Sweden

• For start-up in early 2012, a 400,000 tpywoodfree PM

The project has been delayed by the newguidelines introduced by China in 2004.They involved stricter environmental proce-dures and require the involvement of aChinese partner in large investments by for-eign firms

Oji has formed a joint venture, with theChinese firm which owns the industrial park

in which the mill will be built - NantongEconomic and Technological DevelopmentZone Corporation

The stakeholdings in Oji Paper (China)are 90% to the Japanese parent company and10% to NETD

Oji Paper’s plans to build a greenfield pulpand paper mill in Jiangsu province has beenapproved in part by the Chinese government

The $1.98 billion project involves three400,000 tpy coated woodfree lines and a700,000 tpy bleached hardwood kraft pulpline The third PM line has not yet beenapproved

The project will be built in an industrialpark in Nantong City in three phases:

• For start-up in 2008, a 400,000 tpy free paper machine, a coater, a coal boilerand a port facility

wood-• For start-up in late 2009, a 400,000 tpy finepaper unit and coater, the bleached hard-wood kraft pulp line and a recovery boiler

China gives all-clear to Japanese pulp & paper project

board mill to a group of

investors led by Dr Dermot

Smurfit and including

Lans-downe Capital The

debt-free sales price is € 20

million, subject to closing

date adjustment

Last year, the same group

acquired the 220,000 tpy

Savon Sellu Mill which

pro-duces semi-chemical fluting

The mill is run by a

com-pany called Powerflute

which has increased output

to 260,000 tpy last year

Both mills are based in

Fin-land

A new company will be

set up to operate Pankakoski

which produces speciality

boards for packaging and

graphical end uses on two

machines The mill also has

a groundwood pulp plant,

and it utilizes the Condebelt

drying process to produce a

smooth, strong sheet with a

heavy basis weight

The new owners plan to

ramp up output to full

capacity within two and a

half years - from 60,000 tpy

today - and to expand the

product portfolio

Don Coates, formerly the

CEOof St Regis Paper, is

joining the Pankakoski

ven-ture as a non-executive

director and the deputy

chairman He will work

closely with the local

man-agement team on planned

improvements

With the divestment of

Pankakoski, the sales of

Packaging Boards division

of Stora Enso will fall by

some € 60 million and the

working capital will be

reduced € 12 million

Koehler gets NCR

license

Koehler Paper Group, the

leading global provider of

thermal paper, is licensed to

sell NCR’s simultaneous

two-sided thermal-paper

technology - to any paper

converter worldwide

The patented two-sided

printing process reduces

paper-roll receipt usage by

as much as 50% and

pro-vides additional operational

savings on freight, storage,

disposal and roll changes

“As businesses begin to

reap the real operational

benefits of this technology,

we expect a shift to

two-sided receipt printing as the

standard for business

trans-actions moving forward,”

says NCR www.ncr.com

Tamfelt in China

Tamfelt is to establish a

fabric factory in Tianjin,

China, with start-up in early

2008 The new plant will

enable Tamfelt to supply

Chinese made forming and

dryer fabrics to the wide,

high-speed PMs and BMs in

China and the Pacific area

Tamfelt’s main market

segment, machine clothing

for wide, high-speed

machines is Tamfelts main

market segment and China is

its main growth area Since

2000, Tamfelt has had a

joint venture in China

pro-cessing Finnish-made base

fabrics

Andritz buys remaining

40% of Küsters

Andritz has acquired the

remaining 40% stake in the

Paper and Nonwoven

Busi-ness Areas of Eduard

Küsters Maschinenfabrik

from Jagenberg

Headquartered in Krefeld,

Germany, Küsters, is a

lead-ing supplier of roll and

calender technologies for the

paper, nonwoven and textile

industries

In November 2005,

Andritz had purchased a

60% stake in the Paper and

Nonwoven Business

TOSCOTEC environmental policy

Toscotec, the Italian machine builder,has achieved certification to two majorenvironmental standards:

• ISO 14001, in December 2005.

• “EMAS” Registration In March 2006 the Environmental Management Sys-tem in compliance

-Toscotec is working within The neer Project which is dedicated toimprove the local environment Itinvolves some 40 companies includingSCA and Delicarta and is financed by theEuropean Community

Pio-Other partners in the project are: theLucca Chamber, Universities in Milanand Pisa and the local industrial associa-tions

Sandusky Walmsley in administration

Sandusky Walmsley went into tration on 14 August - the result of a lack

adminis-of orders and severe losses

The administrators - Michael Horrocksand Russell Cash of PricewaterhouseC-oopers - are continuing to trade, with theaim of securing a sale of the business as agoing concern

Sandusky Walmsley employs 323 staff

at the Bolton factory and has an annualturnover of approximately £27 million.Unfortunately, 158 employees were maderedundant No further redundancies areplanned at this time

“We have had to make a number ofstaff redundant in order to continue trad-ing,’ says Michael Horrocks ‘We arecontacting customers, interested partiesand suppliers to obtain their support.”

Jarshire and Impact Air Systems

Jarshire, and Impact Air Systemsworking together to exploit the synergiesfrom their product lines:

• the Jarshire range of our range of pactors and balers which are naturalextensions to

com-• Impacts waste and trim extraction anddust control systems

‘I am pleased to say we have alreadytaken our first order for two systems”says Director Nick Jobson

Designed to keep machines and duction areas clear of waste materials,Impact’s systems can be found in papermills, converting plant and printing,works all over the world

pro-www.jarshire.co.uk

income generated covers the administrativecosts of the system’, says Peter Seggie, oftheCPI’s Recovered Paper Sector ‘Reproces-sors and exporters are under no obligation tobecome accredited and if the financial costsoutweigh the benefits they may choose toconsider remaining outside of the Regulation’.

A slow and inadequate response

The Confederation of Paper Industries(CPI) has been pushing for an investigationfor some time - the issues were highlighted

toDEFRAover three years ago - and is pointed at the slow, incomplete and

disap-inadequate response:

• The DEFRAreport acknowledges that thereare issues with the current Regulation But,although it offers recommendations, itfails to set defined strategies, responsibili-ties, or timescales for implementation -this essential work is still outstandingafter a 14 month investigation

• Double counting: The report states that

there may be double counting of paperpackaging waste moving between accred-ited exporters But again, there is noeffective response.’The auditors appearunable to clarify whether PERNs are gen-erated in this way through audit trails’

• Mixed waste: The auditing team has failed

to address concerns regarding the issue ofRecovery Notes against mixed wasteloads Yet the shipment of waste acrossfrontiers is subject to international regula-tions and supply chain documentationshould provide a clearly auditable trail

• Data discrepancies: The Report

attrib-utes the discrepancies to i) incorrectadministrative practices - exporters wereusing incorrect codes when declaring theirexports to customs officers; and ii) thehigh moisture content of export loads -this increases weight and inflates theexport tonnage However, there are pre-cise systems in place to prevent sucherrors - the CNClassification System of

HM Revenue and Customs, for example

“It is clear that an enforcement of theexporterCNclassifications would allow asimplified audit check on tonnages declaredwithin the Regulation, and those actuallyleaving the UK for overseas reprocessing’says Mr Seggie ‘It would also allow simplerport checks to identify, especially in the case

of waste corrugated materials, that the actualmaterial inside the container matched theclassification given on the documentation TheDEFRAinvestigation is to continue CPIwill scrutinise any further results, ‘which must

be made public with a follow up report and willcontinue to interface with Government until aneffective and enforced system is in place.’

UK reprocessors and exporters of ered paper packaging may withdraw fromthe system if the government fails to rectifythe abuses - double counting and mis-classi-fication - which were the subject of a recentDEFRAinvestigation

recov-• Double counting involves the issue of a2ndPRNfor tonnage for which a PRNhasalready been issued A Packaging Recov-ery Note is issued by reprocessors andexporters on the delivery of 1 tonne ofpackaging recovered from the wastestream

• mis-classification involves the export ofmixed waste as packaging waste, ie theissue of a PERNfor non-packaging waste

The investigation into the workings of thePackaging Waste Regulation was triggered

by allegations from the Confederation ofPaper Industries that packaging export datafrom HM Customs & Excise exceededDEFRA’s figures for the amount of paperpackaging being exported

TheDEFRAfact finding mission found thatthe claims for export packing data ‘werehigher than they perhaps should have been’;

and ‘there may be double counting of ing waste’

packag-These abuses have two baneful effects: i)the revenue raised by the sale of illegitimatePRNs is being diverted from its purpose - thedevelopment of the recovery and recyclinginfrastructure of the UK; ii) the creation ofextraPRNs, which should not be on the mar-ket, debases the currency, ie the value of thePRNs issued by recycling mills and exporters(PERNs) to obligated companies - UK com-panies which are obliged by law to recover aspecific tonnage of packaging from thewaste stream

The value of Recovery Notes has beendeclining since 2002 when recycling millsreceived £30 for each PRNissued, figure 1.

Today, at a current value of £3-5 per tonne

of packaging waste, the PRNsystem is hardlycost effective

‘PaperPRN/PERNprices have collapsed tosuch a level as to warrant paper exportersand reprocessors to question whether the

Feeble government response to troubled PRN system

Paper Mills issue one Packaging Recovery Note for each tonne of

pack-aging delivered for recycling At current values, the income from PRNs

scarcely covers admin costs

Packaging producer

fined under ProRegs

Jaffabox of Birmingham has

been fined £3000 plus costs

for failing to meet its

obliga-tions for the recovery and

recycling of packaging

The charges were

brought by the Environment

Agency under the Producer

Responsibility Obligations

(Packaging Waste)

Regula-tions 1997 and 2005

(ProRegs)

Companies which handle

over 50 tonnes of packaging

and have a turnover of more

than £2m are required to i)

register with the

Environ-ment Agency or a

compliance scheme by 7

April each year ii) recover

and recycle specific

ton-nages of packaging waste

and iii) provide the

Environ-ment Agency with a

certificate stating that they

have met their obligations

Investigations indicated

that the company failed to

meet its obligations in 2002,

2003, 2004 and 2005 and

that in doing so had not

recovered or recycled 946

tonnes of packaging

In the UK, the Packaging

waste stream amounts to

more than 10 million tpy As

a result of the regulations,

the amount of packaging

recovered and recycled

increased from 30% in 1997

to 55% in 2004

tance from Manchester airport Later in theautumn the Coating Working Group will be

repeating their very popular Coating ing Seminar on Tuesday 21st November

Train-2006 at The Cedar Court M606 Hotel ing further ahead we have a new date and a

Look-new venue for the 2007 PITA Coating ference Acting on the wishes of the Coating

Con-Working Group I researched some alternativevenues including possibly returning to Edin-burgh but in the end the Group accepted myrecommendation to hold this event at Robin-son College, Cambridge, a venue well known

to the PITAoffice as we ran the week long

2005 FRC Symposium there and were welland truly looked after by the Robinson team.The change of venue means a change of datefrom that previously published to the follow-ing week 26th to 28th March 2007

Queen’s Award for PITA members tems (UK) Ltd

EnviroSys-It was a great privilege for me to be present

on 30th June 2006 at the presentation of aQueen’s Award for Enterprise 2006 for “Inno-vation in Industry” to PITA Corporatemembers EnviroSystems (UK) Ltd The pre-sentation was made on behalf of Her Majesty

by her representative, the Lord Lieutenant ofLancashire, Lord Shuttleworth This was aremarkable achievement by Liz Russell andher business partner John Singleton who havetaken their Envirobed product from a standingstart to the current successful position in lessthan 3 years In accepting the award from thevery imposing figure of Lord ShuttleworthLiz acknowledged the support and help theyhave received from a great assortment of peo-ple including several PITA members Theaccompanying photograph shows Liz andJohn receiving the award from Lord Shuttle-worth (Full story in Industry Update)

of years ago having previously entertained up

to 30,000 visitors each year with tours of theplant The infrastructure for such visits is

When I sit down to prepare this column Ialways look back at the equivalent column forprevious years from which I note that I haveoften made the comment that the summerperiod is a strange time for the PITA office

Well this year has been no exception but forvery different reasons, as during the past cou-ple of months your Board of Directors havetaken some critical decisions about the future

of the Association At the same time I haveadvised the Board of my intention to retirefrom my position as Chief Executive of thisAssociation with which I have been involved

in one way or another for just about 40 years

All of this is encapsulated in the

“Announce-ment” which I prepared in late July to send to

several key members of the Association such

as District and Working Group Chairmen andwhich is repeated within PITAAffairs for theinformation of all members

I may have announced my retirement butthere has been no slackening off in activity asplans are being put in place for three forth-

coming events The “ PITA Energy Event” is

coming together nicely and will take place onThursday 21st September 2006 at a newvenue for PITAevents, The Centre at Birch-wood Park, Warrington This is a purposebuilt conference centre with easy access fromboth the M6 and M62 and only a short dis-

IBC Energy Event – Details

Liz Russell and John Singleton receive their Queen’s Award for Enterprise from

Lord Shuttleworth

however still in place and an exception wasmade to allow this visit following theapproach to the company by Group ChairmanBarry Read who explained the Group’s cur-rent interest in the energy situation in the UK.

Accompanied by a couple of members of the

Engineering Group the visitors were given

an introduction to the nuclear scene in the UKand how the eight British Energy nuclearpower plants together with their one coalfired plant provide around 20% of the UK’senergy requirements Later in the day after theregular business was concluded the memberswere given a comprehensive tour of this enor-mous operation Our thanks go to Nigel Knee

of British Energy who was instrumental inallowing this visit and acted as leader on theday and his colleague Martyn Butlin wholooked after all the local arrangements It isnot very often that a Working Group visit isrecorded for posterity but this was just such

an occasion as the photograph above shows

All the members who made the effort to

attend this meeting came away with a muchclearer picture of the nuclear energy situation

in the UK after a most enjoyable, informative(but hot) day

Later in the month The Raw Materials Group held their meeting at a golf club near

Heathrow airport! This may seem a strangelocation for a PITA meeting but the mainobjective was a visit to the Grundon MRF(Materials Recycling Facility) in nearbyColnbrook As the MRFdid not have a suitablemeeting room it was suggested that the morn-ing meeting should be held at Thorney ParkGolf Club which had been constructed onwhat had previously been a Grundon landfillsite Representatives of the Grundon manage-ment joined the Group for lunch at the GolfClub and provided an insight into the Grun-don family history in Waste Management andtheir current operation The members werethen given a tour of the MRFin the afternoonand saw how all the recyclable material fromabout eight local authorities is sorted by acombination of mechanical screening andhand picking The major product from thefacility is paper which goes to two main out-lets, a Kent mill and a Swedish company, thelatter being shipped from Chatham as returnloads in ships that have brought paper into the

UK from Sweden The overriding impressionfrom this visit was the simplicity of the oper-ation and the speed at which it was allhappening But why was all that paper in a co-mingled collection anyway???

At the beginning of August the programme

sub committee of The Coating Working Group met at the PITA office for their first

planning meeting for the 2007 Coating ference In addition to making good progress

Con-on ideas for the cCon-onference programme under

the theme of The 3 Ps of Coating - Printing, Packaging and Point of Sale the members of

this committee who are largely the SessionChairmen for the event also took the decision

to stage the event at Robinson College, bridge as mentioned above

Cam-News of members - with thanks

Earlier this year (May/June issue) I waspleased to include within this column news ofPhil Woolley’s intention, with some of hisfriends, to ride across the country coast tocoast to raise money for the Anthony Nolantrust Phil has advised me that the ride tookplace according to plan, they raised over

£2,500 for the Anthony Nolan Trust and that

he would like to thank all those who sored the ride Phil has provided the adjacentphotos as evidence that they really did it!

spon-John Clewley

Members of the Environmenatal Working Group set off on their tour of Heysham

Nuclear Power station led by Nigel Knee of British Energy

NESDG Reunion Dinner

Last year’s dinner that

replaced the Dinner Dance

was so successful it was

decided to repeat it this year

Anybody who supported the

NESDG over the years is

invited to a dinner in the

Airport Thistle Hotel on

Sat-urday 25th November 2006

@ 7.00 for 7.30 p.m

Tickets cost £30 for a

four course meal incl wine

and are available from John

Allan on 01224 319043 or

e.mail jcallan@zetnet.co.uk

For those who might

wish to stay overnight a

double room B&B is £40

and a single £30

Come and enjoy the

friendship that the NESDG

was well known for

Steps are being taken to identify able candidates for the new role of ChiefExecutive of the Association with a view

suit-to having the new person in place by thestart of 2007 The current Chief Execu-tive has agreed to remain in post forapproximately three months after thattime to ensure a smooth hand over ofresponsibilities The current CommercialManager has been invited to apply for thenew position and has indicated his inten-tion to do so

With these changes and in particularthe need for the new Chief Executive totake on the commercial activities of theAssociation it will be necessary for some

of the current work of the Chief tive to be passed over to others or not bedone at all One such task that has alreadybeen identified is the provision of a fullsecretariat for the Working Groups Infuture the Working Groups will berequired to take responsibility for organ-ising their own meetings and preparingtheir own Minutes The Chief Executivewill however continue to provide supportand direction to the Working Groups andthe Operations Executive will continue toprovide coordination of meetings as atpresent

Execu-All other activities of the Associationand in particular the production of the

Journal, Paper Technology will continue

as normal

We are living in much changed timesand these changes are being made inrecognition of that situation and to ensurethat our 86 year old Association contin-ues to thrive well into the future

If any member has any questions aboutthese changes then please feel free tocontact me

John Clewley Chief Executive 26/07/06

The finances of the Association have

been under pressure for some time and as

previously reported the financial year 2005

resulted in a very large deficit in excess of

£57,000 At the May 2006 meeting of the

PITA Board of Directors the Chief

Execu-tive included within his report a statement

to the effect that he did not believe the

income stream of the Association in the

foreseeable future could support the

cur-rent cost base of the Association and the

Directors should therefore consider the

future structure of the Association with a

view to removing £40-50,000 from the

cost base He went on to advise the Board

that it was his intention to retire from his

position as Chief Executive of PITA within

the next twelve months and it would

there-fore be logical for any changes to be made

to coincide with his retirement

As a result of these comments the

Board agreed to hold a special meeting

solely to discuss this situation and asked

the Chief Executive to prepare a paper

outlining the possible options to make the

required savings This paper was

dis-cussed by the Board of Directors, in the

absence of the Chief Executive, at their

special meeting on 5th July 2006

The decision of the Board of Directors

was to reduce the full time staff level of

the Association from the current 3 to 2

The Board recognised the importance of

the role of the Operations Executive in

handling all the day to day routine affairs

of the Association and therefore decided

that position should remain unchanged

To achieve the necessary reduction the

Board decided that the current role of

Commercial Manager would be declared

redundant at the end of 2006 and the

commercial activities currently

under-taken by the Commercial Manager would

be absorbed within a new “combined”

role for a new Chief Executive

THE PITA ENERGY EVENT

The Centre, Birchwood Park, Warrington

Thursday 21st September 2006

09.00 - 09.10 Welcome & Introduction Chair

09.10 - 09.40 The Impact of Energy on British Manufacturing Jeremy Nicholson

Energy Intensive User Group

09.40 - 10.00 The Impact on One British Mill Stephen Hutt

(Formerly Smith Anderson)

10.00 - 10.25 What One Supplier Can Do For You Dave Lewis

npower Solutions

10.25 - 10-50 Energy Related Legislation tbc

2 WHAT CAN WE DO NOW? – What are mills doing today?

11.10 - 11.35 Practical Measures at a Tissue Mill Kate Leach

GP - Stubbins

11.35 - 12.00 Practical Measures at a Fine Paper Mill tbc

12.00 - 12.25 Optimisation and Better Control of Energy Generation and Paul Austin

Usage at the Power and Steam Plant of a Newsprint Mill BTG Consulting and

Matthew McEwen

Perceptive Engineering

12.25 - 12.50 Potential Dryer Section Savings Kadant Johnson

3 WHAT CAN WE DO TOMORROW? – What are the options?

14.00 - 14.25 Coal – The phoenix for the flames Nigel Yaxley

0.04 0.035

0.03

0.025 0.02

700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250

The energy situation today

Energy demand constitutes a considerablepart of the production costs in the papermak-

ing process Figure 1 gives an example of the

cost structure of paper production These ures show that the bulk of costs are incurred

fig-by the capital intensity of the process itself,while energy costs form a large part of thevariable costs Profitability may depend onthe volatile nature of energy costs becauseincreases in energy prices cut down the mar-

gins, Figure 2 In view of the implementation

of the Kyoto Protocol and the rising energy

We think it is useful to take a look on theissue of energy in relation to paper technol-ogy, production capacity and investmentcosts Of course, we can only give a very briefaccount, merely a sketch of the backgroundand some examples supporting our mainpoint: the best way to achieve energy effi-ciency in the long run is to make it go togetherwith the other main aspects of papermaking

As the author works for the graphic paperdivision of Voith Paper, the majority of dataand illustrations are connected with graphicpaper grades However, the line of develop-ment is similar for most board and packaginggrades

With respect to furnish we mainly look atrecovered paper, and hence we hope toaddress the background of most of the audi-ence adequately A case study on a specialitygrade is contained in “Optimierungsansätze

Energy Efficiency – A Process Supplier’s View

mill’s production costs It is

the largest variable cost,

and comes second only to

fixed capital costs in the

hierarchy of total costs.

Rising energy costs are

addressed by managing the

energy supply, monitoring

consumption and constant

optimisation of the

produc-tion process This feature will

focus on the latter and - on

the energy dimensions of

gen-eral mill investment projects.

The author presents an

overview of developments in

energy efficiency over the

past decade, using recycled

newsprint as the reference

grade In this process,

com-parable amounts of heat and

power are consumed, heat

being mainly used in the

drying section, while about

one third of the power is

consumed in stock prep.

Energy savings in the DIP

plant

The DIP process saves

about two thirds of the

power consumed by a TMP

plant and, within the DIP

sector, energy consumption

has declined by some 10%

within a decade - the result

of innovative process and

new or improved devices,

such as

• the elimination of chests

and pumps

• an increase in

consis-tency through the

integration of the twin

Raw material

Figure 2: Prices of power supply UK and standard newsprint Europe

Prices for standard newsprint Europe and power supply UK

Price power supply UK, no taxes included (7000h/a)

Price power supply UK, taxes included (7000h/a)

Price standard newsprint Europe

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gy y

23

means of an outer vacuum ring, which vents air leakage

pre-The surface of the measuring head, whichcontacts the paper, is coated with a propri-etary wear-resistant material and is slightlycurved to ensure gentle contact with the sheet

Figure 1 presents a schematic of the sensor.

The sensor is equipped with an air blow or “sneezing” function, which removesaccumulated dust from the sensor The

back-“sneeze” occurs when the sensor is off theedge of the sheet and consists of a strongpulse of air in a reverse flow direction The airfilters, in turn, prevent dust from entering thehigh precision mass flow sensor

The sensor design is based on the surement of airflow, which correlates directlywith sheet porosity The sensor controls con-tact with the sheet, and - by using a smallcontrolled measuring vacuum - creates air-flow through the paper This measurementapproach emulates laboratory methods, and islinear not grade dependent - thus minimizingcalibration efforts

mea-The sensor ensures the accuracy of ity measurements by eliminating the effects

poros-of dust and leakage air - air travelling with thesheet or air that has not travelled through thesheet The sensor maintains good contactbetween the measuring head and web by

Paper Porosity Online Profiling

property for almost all

paper grades Most

paper-makers are concerned about

porosity and are aware of

process parameters affecting

it, but, they have little or no

visibility or no window

which would enable them to

affect it

Traditionally, Paper

Porosity has been measured

using off line laboratory

measurements and online

MD single point techniques.

While generally accurate,

these methods result in

excessive delays and are too

slow for measuring CD

pro-files in real-time

Honeywell’s new paper

porosity sensor is a

break-through in the field of paper

porosity measurement It

provides the speed needed

for measuring CD porosity

profiles and fast MD trends

online from a moving paper

web The scanning

measure-ment improves control of

this important process

vari-able on a wide range of

paper grades.

PITA Papermaking

Conference 2006 Figure 1:Sensor Schematic

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• A questionnaire was elaborated as a porting tool - to get actual datas

sup-concerning the efficiency of separationtechniques for stickies applied in thepaper mills

• The measurement methods available foranalysing microstickies and colloidal/dis-solved stickies have been listed andintroduced

The partners in the project - Andritz, PMVand PTS - have wide ranging practical andresearch experience in the field

Andritz: Water clarification either with

simple cleaning and / or screening machines

is one of the main steps for the re-use of thewater in the paper making process Severaltypes of machines in different combinationsare already in operation such as Microflota-tion, Diskfilter etc

To reduce the specific water consumption

in further steps, Andritz started to developFine Filtration machines - RotoWash andRotoFilter - beginning with a hole size less orequal to 200 µm going down to 5µm

The overall objective of WP 5.3 is thedevelopment of separation techniques formicrostickies and anionic trash from processwaters of the pulp and paper industry

Deliverable D 5.3.2 gives an overview ofthe state of art concerning the separation tech-niques for detrimental substances fromprocess water streams including micro stick-ies and colloidal/ dissolved stickies

To achieve the goal of the project, theresearchers set out to develop a comprehen-sive picture of the state of the art as a firststep

Based on the elaborated overview, logical gaps will be identified andpromising/needed technologies will be pin-pointed for development

techno-Planned activities and actual work

The project has progressed as planned

• A literature research has been done tosummarise the state of the art concerningseparation techniques for the removal ofdetrimental substances and microstickiesfrom process waters

Sticky and trash removal techniques for water loops in paper mills

New and innovative processes for radical changes in the European pulp & paper industry

New processes which will

radically change the

Euro-pean Pulp & Paper Industry

are the focus of the Euro

17.9 m EcoTarget research

project

The 4 year project, which

runs from 2004 to 2008, is

being carried out by 26

partners from 9 countries.

The project is divided

into five technical Sub

Pro-jects each of which is

covered in work packages

(WP)

The subprojects are:

SP1: Virgin Fibre Supply,

SP2: Recycled Fibre

SP3: Furnish Solutions

SP4: Papermaking Solutions

SP5: Process Water

‘More from Less’ is the

thread which runs through

the project It is reckoned

that resource reductions of

20-30% can be achieved in

the four target areas: Wood

Raw Material, Energy,

Water, Waste & Emissions

The European Union is

providing € 10 million of the

budget within the 6th

Framework Programme The

project Coordinator is

Catharina Ottestam, of

STFI-Packforsk AB, Sweden

New processes for radical change in the paper industry

EcoTarget is dedicated to the development of new and innovative processes

which will enable European papermakers to achieve ‘More from Less’ from fibre,

energy and water

Technical Sub Projects:The research programme embraces 5 key areas: Virginand Recycled Fibre Suppy; Furnish and Papermaking Solutions and ProcessWater

Work Projects:The 5 SPs are covered in work packages such as Separation niques covering detrimental phenomena in papermaking - a product of SP5

tech-Progress Report:The Progress Report on WP 5.3 is known as Deliverable 5.3.2.This feature is based on D 5.3.2 - the Assessment Report on current sticky andtrash removal techniques in water loops These techniques include: filtration, fix-ation, micro flotation and hydrocyclone The Report suggests forward-lookingtechnology and improvements to current technology

Figure 1:The EcoTarget Research Project

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