New success intermediate SB www frenglish ru

1 One of the gang | 6-7 Present Simple and Present Continuous Clubs, societies and organisations | 8-9 | | 12-13 Reflexive pronouns; each other Clothes and accessories | Order of adje

1 One of the gang | 6-7 Present Simple and Present Continuous Clubs, societies and organisations

| 8-9

|

|

12-13 Reflexive pronouns; each other Clothes and accessories

| Order of adjectives Adjectives describing clothes Exams link Social Verbs in brackets p.6

life; People

2 Keep in touch 14-15 Present Perfect Simple and

Present Perfect Continuous

3 Outside the law? 24-25 Past Simple, Past Continuous,

Exams link Country Sentence transformations p.25 Cloze p.29

and society (crime) Verbs in brackets p.25

4 His and hers 32-33 Modals of possibility, ability, prohibition —_| Personality adjectives

Exams link People, Verbs in brackets p.33

family and social life;

School

JjllifiMi ụ 21 Units 3 and 4 ˆ j 1 a

5 What a disaster! 42-43 Future predictions

Adverbs of probability

| Phrasal verbs 46-47 Future: plans, intentions, arrangements, |

1

Exams link Natural Sentence transformations p.43

Technology

6 Animal magic | 50-51 Zero, First and Second Conditionals Personality adjectives

Jf and when clauses

56-57 |

| Exams link Natural Verbs in brackets p.51

environment

Reading Listening

A leaflet about freshers’ week |

at a UK university

Listening skills: Listening

| Talking about belonging to

effectively; A radio discussion about teenagers’ lifestyles

| disagreeing

organisations Speak Out: Agreeing and

An article about two gangs of

i Extracts from an article about Describing clothes and fashion | A description of

Multiple choice p.11 True/False p.8

A webpage from a social

networking site Talking about using computers and social networking sites

A conversation about

problems with a mobile phone

| A conversation at a shop Speak Out: Being polite

(indirect questions)

An article about new mobile |

| A discussion on downloading | Speak Out: Giving and |

music for free justifying opinions

A cartoon strip about how men | A conversation about male | Talking about rules and

and women are different and female roles |_ obligations

A letter to an editor about

single sex schools

† Speak Out: Permission A description of a

| person Writing skills: A letter

A leaflet about an ecology School excursion to an

| Discussing ways to help the

| environment

| Planning a school excursion

| A student practising giving | Speak Out: Giving presentations | A leaflet

True/False p.44 Completing notes p.46 Describing a photo p.44

True/False p.48 Presentation p.49

An article about pets’ views of

humans

An article about the octopus Interview with a zoo keeper

Listening skills: Taking notes

A radio phone-in programme | Speak Out: Advice

with a vet

A for-and-against essay about Writing skills: A for-and-

Multiple choice p.52 True/False p.52 Describing a photo pp.55, 56 A for-and-against

Multiple choice p.54 Making recommendations p.55 essay p.57 Completing notes p.54

8 Getting away 68-69 | The Passive |

At the airport

Collocations

| Adjectives describing places and atmosphere

Exams link Travel; Verbs in brackets p.69

| Adjectives to describe a piece of writing

| Adjectives to describe feelings

Synonyms

82-83 | I wish and If only Feelings; Injuries and ailments

Exams link People; Verbs in brackets p.79 Word formation pp.80, 82

10 True art 86-87 | Modals for speculation

| Describing films and TV programmes

| Film-making and film genres Exams link Culture Verbs in brackets p.87

12 The hard sell

Exams link Food;

Adjectives and prepositions

An article about an accident

An article about a young man’s

| Katy’s day at school | Interviewing your partner and

reporting the conversation

A leafiet about air travel Air travel

Dialogue: Comparing travel

Matching p.70 Completing notes p.69 Roleplay pp.70, 72, 73 A description of a

A reader's letter in a magazine

A conversation between young |

people talking about opera

Talking about a painting

(Speculating, giving evidence)

Talking about modern art Speak Out: Participating in

Matching p.91 True/False/No information p.88 Describing a photo pp.88, 89 A film review p.93

Multiple choice p.88 Presentation p.91

Matching p.89

An article about beauty

through the ages

Talking about beauty and appearance

An article about unusual fitness

ideas

Reading skills: Distinguishing

fact from opinion

Talking about keeping fit

Speak Out: Describing

| appearance

A description of a

person

An article about food

A page from a web forum Song: Ka-ching by

A conversation about Giving a presentation

shopping habits Speak Out: Complaints

Complaints about shops/

isten and talk about modern communications

Practise the Present Perfect Simple and the Present Perfect Continuous

Focus on making polite requests

Write a personal letter

Gabby likes

The sound and smell of rain

Finding money in my pocket

Lily Allen

Mafia Wars

Gabby dislikes

Rude people

My job (administration assistant)!

My boss — boring Mr Benson

Monday 21 Feb at 16:11 Like | Comment

Dave Benson Hi, Gabby Have you forgotten that you

asked me to be your facespace friend? I’ve been

watching you all day and you haven't done any of the

work | gave you You’ve obviously been spending all your time on facespace | think it’s time for you to look for

another job, don’t you?

GRAMMAR AND READING

1 What do you know about her — job, likes, friends ?

2 What bad news is waiting for her the next time she goes online?

3 What kind of person do you think she is?

Work it out

1 Present Perfect: I've written fifteen messages

2 Present Perfect Continuous: I've been writing

messages all afternoon

1 How do we form the two tenses?

2 Which tense talks about

© an activity that started in the past and may

be continuing?

© a completed action?

Check it out

Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

We use the Present Perfect Simple to talk about a finished action in the past if we don’t say when it happened or it happened very recently

I've just got back home

We often mention how many times it happened

lve written fifteen messages

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about

an activity that started in the past and may still be

continuing

I'm on holiday so | haven't been checking my messages

We often mention how long the activity has been going on

I've been writing messages all afternoon

With the Present Perfect Simple and the Present Perfect

Continuous we use since to say when the situation started and forto say how long this situation has been true

Perfect Continuous on the facespace page

4 Use the Present Perfect Continuous and the words in

brackets to explain these situations

Gabby’s pleased It’s been raining all morning

1 Gabby’s pleased (rain/all morning)

2 Mr Benson's very tired (write report/

2 o'clock)

3 Gabby’s back is sore (sit at her computer/

four hours)

4 Mr Benson's employees are stressed out

(work long hours/for the past few weeks)

5 Gabby is looking thin (not/eat much/recently)

and one in the Present Perfect Continuous for

each example

Dan has been writing emails all morning

He’s written six emails already

Dan/write | emails all morning

six emails already

Ivy/deliver | about fifty leaflets so far

leaflets all afternoon

about five miles already

and the Present Perfect Continuous

| can’t get through |? (be) so Worried — |

give me another chance | feel so bad

_ red! How could | be so stupid!

| Today at 12: 15

1 How long have you been using a computer?

2 How many times have you used a computer this week?

3 Have you ever joined a social networking site? Why?/Why not?

4 What are the pros and cons of social networking sites? Use the prompts below

see who is online

15

SPEAKING AND LISTENING

In pairs, describe the photo and answer the

questions

1 What is the man doing? How is he feeling?

Why?

2 Do you enjoy shops like this? Which products

interest you most?

3 Have you been in a shop like this recently?

What did you buy?

2 (iii Read the statements and listen to the

recording Are the statements true (T) or false (F)?

1 Darren has been working in the shop

for a week

2 The second customer asks a question

Darren can’t answer

3 Darren calls his mum to ask her for help

4 Mr Harrison is Darren’s boss

#øi#0 Listen again and complete requests 1-8 with

best buy

K | Being polite

Direct questions can sound rude in English So we often

use indirect questions to make polite requests or to

ask for opinions and information Use these phrases +

affirmative word order

Direct

How much is it?

| Indirect

| Could you | (possibly) tell

| me how much it is?

Could you lend me £20? | | wonder if you could

lend me £20?

Other phrases

| was wondering

I'd like to know

Have you any idea ?

} Do you (happen to) know

Would you mind telling me

same as the original sentences

1 How does this work?

Do you know

2 Could you let me see a cheaper model?

3 How many gigabytes has it got? ?

Could you tell me

4 Will the price go down?

5 How long have you been working here?

6 When did the first iPhone™ come out?

Have you any idea 2

about his/her mobile/watch/bag/other object Use the phrases from Speak Out and the ideas below

What make is your ?

How long have you had it?

Where did you get it?

Have you had any problems with it?

Are you thinking of getting a new one?

e What model would you like to get?

Would you mind telling me what make

r phone is?

in a shop selling electrical goods

Keep in touch Ñ)

® a2 \ ® —” -\ @ — ¬\Í LISTENING AND VOCABULARY

a is a service which answers your calls for you

mobile

1 Match the computer icons with the verbs in the box ¢ is where you store your friends’ numbers

5undo 6 download 7 open (file/folder) f you need to recharge it

12 save (document) 3 #1 Listen and say what problems Lynne has when AALAND HRN MIMI MERA she tries to call Fiona

2 In pairs, use a dictionary to check the meanings of 4 Listen again and complete Suzy’s email with

the underlined words Then complete sentences 1-7 ere in tỉ gap =

1 _for our social networking site now

2 To send a message, move the cursor onto the (rem: (suzyQ@ohno.con )

6 Create your own blog and ee a II VI through to Fiona, but then we went into a tunnel and there photos and videos for your friends to see was?

7 In case your computer crashes, it’s a good

play games communicate with friends

study send emails find information

2 How have computers changed since you

first used one?

3 What do you think are the worst dangers

of the Internet? Why?

stealing personal information

uploading embarrassing photos

spyware programmes illegal downloads

READING AND VOCABULARY 6 Vocabulary Complete the sentences with the correct

form of these phrases from the article

1 How long have you had your mobile phone? run out of switch off turn up

2 What can you do with it?

3 Are you happy with it or would you like to

1 The play is about to begin Please check that

ai gẢỔ 2 Put it on loudspeaker and the

% _ @4# Look at the title and the picture and read the volume so that everyone can hear

article quickly Then answer the questions 3 During the storm the phone suddenly

3 What is the article about? Choose from a~c 5 I wanted to buy one, but they've

a a new application for mobile phones them in the shop

3 Read the article more carefully and match Z_ Ingroups, discuss these questi0ns

two'extra heaulings the one in the article?

b Fact is stranger than fiction implant? Why?/Why not?

e No signal? Who cares? ——+2 8k

f Safe to use i

g A new answer to old problems

4 Underline the key words in questions 1-6 Then find

those or similar words in the article to help you find

the answers

1 What three problems with making phone

calls does the writer mention?

2 In which parts of the body does the

Permaphone® go? |

3 Where does it get its power from?

4 Who first wrote about the idea of a phone

problems with a Permaphone®? IVE LEARNT Te TexT FASTER THAN | CAN SPEAK

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN | Reading skills

Reading effectively

You need to use different strategies depending on what

you are looking for in a text:

1 Skimming to understand the general idea of a text [_]

2 Finding the main idea of a paragraph (a

3 Scanning to find specific information Tel

a Read the paragraph carefully, especially the first and

last sentences: they often summarise the main point

b Underline the key words in the questions; find

synonyms and similar expressions in the text; read

carefully before and after the key words

¢ Look at the title, the photos and read the text quickly

The introduction and the final paragraph can tell you

alot

JESCRIBE TO SCIENCE TIMES

EY) Have you ever wanted to make a phone call but you couldn't? Perhaps because there is no signal Or because

you've left your mobile at home Or because your battery has gone dead It’s frustrating, right? So far no one has

found a solution to the problem of not receiving a signal when you're in the middle of the country, but now, at last,

Km RE mobile phone that is always with you and never Fũff8'Øfff6f energy BIpho Phones

H The Permaphone© is a telephone implant: that is a telephone which goes under your skin The receiver sits behind

your ear, the microphone is in the tip of your nose and the flexible touch screen is under a layer of completely

transparent artificial skin on the inside of your wrist All you need is a quick visit to a hospital for a simple operation

and then you are your mobile; a walking talking telephone And the good news is that this phone doesn’t need

captures this energy and so never @6esidead Or at least, not until you do

T1 Mobile phone companies have been working for many years on phone implants The idea has been around ever

since the 1940s when science-fiction writer Robert Heinlein first mentioned it in his book The Puppet Masters But

there has always been a problem: the risks from receiving radiation inside your head BIpho say they have solved

this problem because their phone implant uses a very low level of radiation which is not dangerous to human health 15

|| The company has been working on their new phone for years and in my humble opinion they have produced

something rather special The operation took only five minutes and was completely painless and since | left the

hospital I've been experimenting with my new phone implant | must say it’s quite impressive After a day or two it

feels perfectly natural: just like a part of your body The phone has all the usual applications: GPS, mp5, camera,

etc., and it’s very user-friendly too: is so simple to SWif6f the phone on and Øff, to Äfi the volume Up or down 20

and to access all the functions

& © Soare phone implants the future of mobile phone technology? Well, maybe Certainly, it’s great to have a phone

that you can’t forget and which never needs batteries However, there are some drawbacks too For example,

when you have a cold it may not be very convenient to have the microphone in your nose And although BIpho

say it is completely waterproof, | wonder how confident you would feel when you go swimming with your 25

Permaphone®, And finally, one more question that they haven't answered yet: do you need to go back to hospital

for another operation every time you want to update your phone?

WRITING | Personal letter

personal news in writing Use the ideas below to

instant messages, e.g Messenger

How many times have you written a letter to

a friend in the last month?

Fth November

Dear Hanef,

Where have you been recentdy

fenakly come and taken you away to theer

pAanet? Or have you been pdayang so many

computer games that you haven't had enough

time to answer your friends’ emaids?!

? Have the adiens

It's too tate to send me an emaid, anyways

‘cause I'm stayang wath my uncke and aunt 4n

the country I've been here sante Friday, and

I'm going to stay untid the end of the month

It's wonderfuk here! So quaet and peacefud!

The ondy thing 1s there are no —

And I can't even use my mobike! The signal

strength 4s too tour That's why I'm wrdstang

you this fetter — I think it's the farst tame

Tve written a detter for more than a year!

Why don't you come down here for the

weekend? And bring Neth with you!

Tve heard that you've bought a new phone Tekh

me att about it! Ive been thinking of gettang

a new one, but I can't decide which one to buy

Anyway, I've got to stop now My uncke's goang

into town and he's going to post this for me

Write me a fetter if you stitd remember how

to use a pen! OK? I want to hear afk your

news

Best wishes,

Daraa

the true statements

1 She tells Hanif her news

2 She starts each new topic with a new

paragraph

3 She uses questions and imperatives

to communicate more directly with

Nov 11

It's alright Stop worrying! | haven't lost my memory

and forgotten all my friends Only you! ;-) Seriously,

I'm really sorry | haven't written for so long

an independent games designer called SnoGames

It's a small company, but apparently Nintendo are

interested in developing one of their games I'm

pretty tired at the moment because | have to get up

early and 3

My new phone is brilliant and it wasn't expensive

either! I'll show it to you at the weekend

sẻ to the country It sounds great Just what

| need — a bit of rest and relaxation We're definitely

coming, but I’m not sure what time we'll be there, so

`) on Saturday morning! OK?

him for ages

e I haven't been getting enough sleep

f I'm meeting Neil at the café

g I've found a job

h Thanks for the invitation

letter with their synonyms below

before I forget —

guess what?

it seems that —

well —

1 Have you heard / Before I forget the

latest news?

2 Anyway / Apparently, they've expelled Chris

from school! I don’t know why

3 Anyway / By the way, | imagine Chris is

feeling pretty bad We should go and see him

4 By the way / Guess what, have you got

Vicky's new phone number? I want to call her

5 Got to go now Cheers / Yours sincerely, Daria

In pairs, put excerpts a-h in the right order to make

a letter

a What else? Well, I've been taking driving

lessons too! I've only had three so I haven't learned much yet, but I like it

b The big news is that I've got a new

girlfriend! Her name’s Neela — yes, Neil

is going out with Neela! Stop laughing!

It’s not funny Anyway, she’s really sweet

You'll love her

¢ Sorry I haven't written sooner, but I've

been really busy I'm exhausted! I've been

studying really hard I've got a big Maths

test tomorrow

d Love, Neil

e Oh, before I forget, Chris called me up

Apparently, there’s a really good theatre

course on at the youth centre next week

Do you want to go? Come on! It'll be fun

f I've got to go My trigonometry book is calling me! Write back soon

g Hi Daria,

h Anyway, that’s enough about me What

about you? Have you decided to get that

piercing yet?

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN | Writing skills Personal letter

1 Start with expressions like Hi/Hello/Dear

and finish with expressions like Cheers/All the best/

Best wishes

2 Tell your reader your news

3 Comment on and ask about your reader’s life

4 Start a new paragraph for each new topic

5 Use imperatives and direct questions to engage your readers

6 Give a reason to end the letter

7 Use an informal conversational style

Study Train Your Brain and use the models above to write a letter to a friend with some personal news

* Note down the most important things that

have happened in your life recently and what you want to find out about your

friend’s life

* Organise your notes into paragraphs

© Write a first draft of the letter and then give

it to a classmate to check it for errors

Write the finished version of your letter

21

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

TEEN FASHION

Today's teenagers have no choice; they just have to

be! (TREND) If they do not wear the

most 2 (STYLE) clothes or their phones do

not have the latest applications like an mp5 player

or a 12 megapixel camera, their friends are likely

to call them losers

In many schools it is also common for teenagers to

get? _ (PIERCE) or tatoos Why$ The

main reason is because they just happen to be

` (FASHION) and everyone in class

needs to have them! In fact there’s often a lot of

5 (COMPETE) to look the most unusual!

Luckily, there are still a lot of teenagers out there

who know that fashion is not everything!

2 Complete the sentences with the correct verbs

1 When they've got nothing better to do, they

2 When you live in a big city, you have to

up with noise, traffic and pollution

3 You can into an old friend from

school anywhere — even on holiday

41 can see youre nervous, but try to

down and tell me what really happened

their younger brothers and sisters

6 Oh, no! I think I've out of cash

Can you lend me some, please?

3 Complete the text with one word in

It’s a big day today My friend Stuart is getting married

|) Stuart! We've known ' other *

| we were six years old We used to live in the same

neighbourhood and used to ° the same

school I'm sure our teachers still remember us

'} come 5 with the strangest ideas you can

} think of! | hope Stuart's not going to forget me when he

gets married and we will still be able to ©

in touch and 7 fun from time to time! If not

in the week, then at least ® weekends!

Add a comment ||

tr)

1 My sister started studying Maths at four

o'clock She is still studying it

2 My mum started cleaning the windows after

lunch Four windows are clean already

3 It is a long time since Kate emailed me

4 Tom can take care of himself Bill can take care of himself too

Tom and Bill can both i

5 Nobody helped us — we did it on our own

Nobody helped us — we did it

jessica@newmail.con.uk

: _ kate@free-mail.con

Hi Jessica, Thanks for your last email Sorry for writing back so late, but

on famous British monarchs for nearly two weeks now |

know it’s a long time, but | * it to be really good

What else? Do you know that!® —_—stto a horse-riding

Saturday at ten o'clock Would you like to come with me?

Take care,

Kate

1aam © have been

2a have c had

3 a wrote c have written

b have wanted d wanted

6G i885) Listen to the words in the table Now listen

to the words in the box and put them in the correct

column Then listen, repeat and check

card fun fan fashion practical bump

WereatGadgets — —— ®98uuAuSeem

This month’s top-selling gadgets

ja] Giovelies

g a phone or palmtop computer while wearing gloves

ways been difficult But it's even more of a problem

sé days when an increasing number of gadgets have

screens (gloves don't conduct electricity) Well, with

Glovelies, you no longer have to write text messages with

fingers Glovelies are stylish, acrylic gloves with

| metal pads in the fingertips to help you type, tap or

with ease They come in a range of

and colours

mputer keyboards can get very messy over time, but

's the perfect solution — the Mini Vax The Mini Vax is

y vacuum cleaner that you plug into your computer's

SB port Although it’s small enough to fit into your pocket,

Mini Vax is incredibly powerful and you'll be amazed at

w much dust and dirt it manages to suck up from your

puter Your Mini Vax comes with three attachments of

rent sizes to help you reach all those difficult

A perfect gift for all students and

ling fanatics Colour:

Match statements 1-7 with gadgets A-D

According to the product guide, this product

2 comes with free software

3 might annoy you

4 has more than one colour to choose from []

5 isn't ready to use when you first take

it out of its box

6 is recommended as a present for people

who like computer games

7 is practical and looks good

SPEAKING SKILLS

technology Compare and contrast them Include the

following points:

* the role of technology in people's lives

* the advantages and disadvantages of

‡ Ìs a clock with wheels When the alarm goes off in the morning, :

Cheeky Clock jumps down from your bedside table and

starts running around the floor looking for a place to hide

The alarm won't stop until you've found your Cheeky Clock : and switched it off By this point, you'll be wide awake i It's irritating, but it's also extremely effective!

Have you ever wanted to learn to play the piano but thought

: that pianos were too expensive and took up too much room?

? Then Piano Magic is for you Piano Magic is a real

‡ four-octave (forty-nine-key) keyboard which runs from the

USB port on your computer It sounds as good as a real piano and yet fits into a small rucksack It comes with a

teaches you the piano as you play alon:

WRITING SKILLS

9 Read the exam task and write the letter

This is part of an email you have just received from your Scottish friend, Fiona

how they met, what he looks like (and what clothes

he wears!) and what he is like! | want to know everything!

Write a letter of about 120-150 words to Fiona including the following:

© what you have been doing recently

* tell her how Eva and her new boyfriend met

inform her what Eva's new boyfriend looks

like and what clothes he wears tell her how Eva and her new boyfriend get

on with each other

Outside the law?

Read, listen and talk about crime and punishment

Practise the Past Simple, the Past Continuous and the Past Perfect; used to

and would

Focus on giving and justifying opinions

GRAMMAR AND READING

1 Look at the photo and say what is

happening and where Then read the

texts quickly to check your answers

answer the questions

1 When exactly did the crime

take place’

2 How many criminals were

there? What did they look like?

3 What crime did they try to

commit?

3 Read the statements again and

match the witnesses with their

occupations 1-6 There is one

read it, I felt terrified

| CENTRAL POLICE FORC!

Crime: Cty centre bank robbery

Date: Dec, 24

WITNESS STATEMENTS

Eve Alika

It was the day before Christmas and

we were shopping in the city

Sol Cole

2o Cole

and we were looking out of the café

one was carrying a huge CD player

Bill Smith

It was ten to five and I was waiting

in the queue I heard some loud

music so I turned round and saw

three clowns, two men and a woman

They were dancing, but then they

stopped and told us to put our

I saw them on the monitor in the

manager's office I was doing my

boss's job that week while he was on

holiday I tried to call the police,

but there was no signal They had

cut the line I hadn’t brought my mobile so T couldn’t do anvthing

|

|

|

Past Continuous/Past Perfect Then choose the

correct words in the explanations

1 We had just finished lunch when we

saw them

We finished lunch before / at the same

time as / after we saw them

2 We were looking out of the window when

we saw them

We were looking out of the window before /

at the same time as / after we saw them

3 I heard some music so I turned round

I turned around before / at the same time as /

after I heard the music

| Check it out

Past Simple, Past Continuous and Past Perfect

We use the Past Simple:

* to describe finished actions

* to tell the main events in a story in order

{heard some loud music so | turned round and | saw

three clowns

We use the Past Continuous:

* for longer actions interrupted by shorter ones

| was counting some money when he gave me a note

—_

It was ten to five and | was waiting in the queue

© for temporary situations/habits

Iwas doing my boss's job that week

We use the Past Perfect:

* to talk about an action that happened before another

action in the past

We hiad just finished lunch when we saw them

5 In pairs, answer questions 1-7 from memory Then

check your answers in the texts

1 What did Tracy do when the clown gave her

a piece of paper?

2 What was Eve doing on the day before Christmas?

3 Why was Chris in the manager's office?

4 What were the clowns doing when Bill turned round?

5 What did they do next?

6 What had Sol just done when he felt a gun

in his back?

7 Why was there no signal on Chris’s

office phone?

that they mean the same as the original sentences

Use the Past Perfect or Past Continuous with the

Past Simple

1 The gang leader read a book about how

to distract people He bought some clown

costumes

2 The robbers parked their van near the bank

They changed into the clown costumes

3 They walked to the bank They put on the music

4 The robber with big shoes tried to leave the

bank He got stuck in the revolving door

6 The police finally managed to open the door

They arrested the robbers

When

Past Continuous and the Past Perfect

1 When he crashed the car,

bhe (drive) over 300 km

che (be) lucky to survive

2 When the judge returned to the courtroom,

b she (come) to a decision

reports

3 When she got out of prison, ashe (learn) her lesson

c she (kiss) her husband and

(go) home

Then listen and check

1 A Where/be? Where were you?

BI got up and put on the TV really loud

page 122 Student B, look at page 123

25

Judge Michael Cicconetti of

Painesville, Ohio, USA was fed

up with seeing the same faces in

his courtroom again and again

They were drivers accused

of speeding near schools

They didn’t seem to care what

punishment they received

Whether he fined them large

amounts of money or took away

their driving licences for ninety

days, it seemed to have no

effect on them Sooner or later,

they were back in front of him,

standing next to their lawyers,

accused of speeding once

again

aL he judge had had enough

He was desperate to find

a punishment that would

really stop these people from repeating their crimes And then

he thought, why not make these people experience the danger they are responsible for? He began to give every guilty driver a choice:

they could lose their driving licence for ninety days; or they could lose it for a shorter period if they agreed

to spend one day helping children so

to cross the road outside a school

It soon became clear that this

unusual punishment was effective

The drivers who worked as school

crossing guards never appeared

in Judge Cicconetti’s courtroom

Doug Connery reports

for speeding again Encouraged by this success, he began to give other creative punishments

Two teenagers had to walk through their town behind a donkey with

a sign that read ‘Sorry for this jackass* offence’ What crime had they committed to deserve this

punishment? On Christmas Eve

they had stolen a statue from a local church and damaged it They also had to spend forty-five days in jail and pay for a new statue

One woman had to spend a night on

her own in the woods with no food

or water Witnesses had seen her

abandoning dozens of kittens in local parks By the time that park

WORLD NEWS

rangers found the tiny animals,

nine of them had died Cicconetti

gave the woman a choice: either

a ninety-day prison Sentence;

or fourteen days in jail, fifteen

days under house arrest, a fiflé

of several thousand dollars and

one night alone in the forest The

woman chose the second option

and unlike those nine kittens, she

survived

A man had to stand in the street

beside a large pig as people walked

past laughing at him On a sign

were the words, ‘This is not a police

officer!’ The man had insulted

some police officers by calling

them pigs

A group of high school students

had to organise a picnic for some

younger children The original

outing had been cancelled after

the high school students had

‘Wandalised the school buses

Unfortunately, Judge Cicconetti’s

creative punishments don’t always

work One time a man tried to run

away from police after they had

caught him drink-driving At his

‘ial the judge offered him a shorter

jail sentence as long as he agreed

to take up running and train for

a five-mile race The man ran the

race and became a regular runner

But some time later, he stole a

woman’s purse and ran away

with it

Failures like this, however, have

not stopped Judge Cicconetti

from using creative punishments

He does not give them often and

never for violent crimes But for

‘anti-social behaviour, punishments

which humiliate offenders do seem

to be effective

* jackass American English

‘a male donkey

? stupid or annoying |

What do you think of creative

punishments? Let the editor

know what you think

Outside the law?

READING AND VOCABULARY

1 Inpairs, describe the photo and answer the questions

1 Where are the two young people and what are they doing?

2 This is their punishment for a crime What do you think they did?

3 1 Read the article quickly to check your answers to the

questions in Exercise 1

3 Read the article again Are the statements true (T) or false (F)?

1 Judge Cicconetti only uses creative punishments with drivers accused of speeding

2 Creative sentences help criminals understand the consequences of their crimes

3 The judge often gives offenders a choice of different punishments

4 The punishments often involve public humiliation

5 Creative punishments have a 100% success rate

6 Creative punishments work very well with

4 In pairs, complete with the highlighted words in the article

a bus shelter and a phone box At the + the judge gave him a choice: either a two-month prison

or a £600 © He chose to go to

_ Do you think that was a suitable * for the crime he had ° ?

5 Use the words in the box to complete gaps 1—5 in the description

Then say how a British courtroom is similar to/different from a

courtroom in your country

accused court judge jury witnesses

| A traditional British criminal '

s The? wears a white wig

+ There are twelve members of the *

* The‘ sit next to their lawyers

s The Ý, swear to tell the truth

1 A spent a night on the streets as a homeless person

2 B invited a family to his house and asked them to take anything they wanted

3 C had to visit nine fire stations and apologise to the fire-fighters

A Why do you think A had to spend the night on the streets?

B Perhaps because he had attacked a homeless person

7 =n groups, say what you think of Judge Cicconetti’s creative punishments Use the words below and the vocabulary from

Exercise 4 to help you

fair/unfair humiliating deserve victims offenders effective/ineffective imaginative rights traditional

27

28

When | was little, | vant to be AN

policeman | a little olicemans

Uniform and some plastic handcutfs, which |

with me everywhere One day, when

woman help herself to a few grapes from the fruit

section She was still eating them when | walked up

under arrest!’ Everyone was looking at us Alter that,

Mum GidettBBBl me play vih my họndcufs

outside | couldn't understand it — | thought | had

been such a hero!

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

taking his handcuffs outside? How do you think the

woman in the shop was feeling?

Work it out

Then decide when we use used to and would

Tick the correct boxes

verbs like have,

be, believe, love,

want,

Mind the trap!

We use the Past Simple to talk about something

which was not frequent or habitual

One day, | saw a woman help herself to a few grapes

from the fruit section (NOT used+e-see or weutd see)

verywhere One day, when

lo a few grapes from the fruit section

€ating them when | walked up to her

: ndcuffs and shouted, ‘Thiefl You're under

3 arrest!” Everyone was looki ng at us After that,

1 Melek me play with my handcuffs’

side such a hero! | couldn't understand it - | thought |

Unitorm and some plastic

3 (cov) Rewrite the underlined verbs in this text

with used to There is one verb you can’t change

Then listen and check

| was really naive | believed everything my sister : told me One time she said, ‘It's illegal to play a board game if you're not old enough.’ | played

games with my family anyway, but anytime | heard

a police siren, | didn't hesitate | hid in case they arrested me

N

(Gi Decide which of the verbs you changed in

Exercise 3 can be replaced with would Then listen

and check

Tick the sentences that are correct Correct the

mistakes in the remaining sentences

Vic Smith is a changed man: a clean-living family man and a popular figure in the village But a few years ago

1 Vic used to have problems with the police

2 He would have a drink problem

3 He used to terrorise his neighbours

4 He would be unpopular with local residents

5 Once he used to break into a shop and steal some money

Vocabulary Complete sentences 1-4 with the words

from the box

shoplifters

When I was a little kid, I used to believe that

{ were very strong people who picked

up shops and lifted them over their heads

were people who stole burgers

3_ sere people who hit you on the head with a mug

Š

In pairs, take turns to ask and answer the questions

1 What did you use to believe as a child

which seems funny now?

2 What did you use to be afraid of when you were little?

3 What didn’t you use to like as a child but love now?

wv

| used to believe that the world was flat!

Write a short anecdote about the topic you talked

about in Exercise 8 Use the texts in Exercises 1

VOCABULARY | Crime

who are on the wrong side of the law

criminal judge jury lawyer mugger

anti-social behaviour Then, Student A, look at page 122 Student B, look at page 123 Listen to your partner and say what the people did

noise nuisance vandalism graffiti

swearing in public bullying

Then decide the best punishments for the behaviour

in Exercise 2

a rehabilitation programme

aprison sentence community service

electronic tagging a fine

listen and check

When he was only fifteen, Norman Fletcher

§8.25 and six packets of chewing gum

Unfortunately for him, he had robbed his local shop, so the police arrested him and he had to

paya? —séof $82.50 Later on, he became a3 _, but he was caught after he had taken a tin of beans from a

Suna nh He went to court and during the

needed to goona® _ programme

She also said that her client was prepared

Brilliantly, Norman broke out of prison the day

before his ° ended He stole a car to

get away, but he was stopped for 1°

—he was going at over ninety miles per hour —

and was sent back to prison

When he was released, Norman decided to

become a !! He tried to steal a

handbag from an old woman, but she hit him

so hard with her umbrella that he started screaming for a and he was arrested for

noise *

SPEAKING AND LISTENING

answer the questions

1 How do you listen to music? On your

computer? An MP3 player/phone? A hi-fi

system? With headphones/earphones?

2 How often do you buy music? What format?

(e.g CD, vinyl or MP3 file?)

3 How common is illegal downloading in your

country? What's your opinion of it?

2 i2 Listen and choose the correct answer

1 According to the report, the average young person in Britain had CDs

a72 b170

speakers 1-4 with statements a-h There are two

extra statements

1 Lisa fey 2Kieran O10

3 Dan oo

4Yvonne L]

a Downloading is theft and it is already

harming music

b CDs are expensive and aren't worth the money

c¢ Some rare or old music is hard to find in

f Musicians should stop expecting to make a

lot of money from music

g Musicians should make money from T-shirts, not CDs and concerts

h Record companies no longer want to spend money on new talent

(e013) Match the speakers’ opinions 1-4 with the arguments a-d they use to justify them Then listen and check

1 As far as I'm concerned, downloading is immoral

2 If you ask me, downloading music is sharing

music, not stealing it

3 It seems to me that it takes a lot of time, money and hard work to make a record

4 Well, frankly I think musicians nowadays have become too greedy

a It’s only natural that musicians get money for

what they do

b I mean, you wouldn't walk into a shop and steal a CD, would you?

¢ If you think about it, it’s just like bringing a new CD over to a friend’s house and playing it

on their stereo

d Look at the price of concert tickets! Or CDs!

Study Speak Out Then put the underlined phrases

from Exercise 4 in the correct place in the box

SPEAK OUT | Giving and justifying opinions

Giving opinions Justifying opinions

Personally, The thing is,

2

3

4

Speak Out Then listen and repeat

Outside the law?

nature to want something for free

3 honest, I don’t think bands jee losing much money because of piracy

mean, people who really like an

artist always buy the official CDs anyway

hat somebody earns a fortune just for playing the drums

Speaker C”

alternative phrases from Speak Out Practise saying the sentences

In pairs, talk about how fair the punishments are

in situations 1-4 Use Speak Out to give and justify your opinions

1 A sixteen-year-old girl downloaded 5,000 illegal MP3 files Her parents had to pay a

fine of £30,000

2 A thirty-year-old man made a fortune selling pirated film DVDs from a market stall He had

to pay a fine of $500

3 Two twenty-year-old students set up a

website where thousands of people could

share films, music and books online They

didn’t make any money from the website

They both received a seven-year prison sentence

4 A musician attacked a fan who was selling

pirated T-shirts and CDs after the band’s concert He received an eighteen-month

prison sentence

31

Read, listen and talk about gender differences, family life, personality

Practise modal verbs

Focus on asking for and refusing permission

Write a letter to the editor

Why Men Are Impossible

They have no opinions about clothes

I’m not sure about this skirt P

Perhaps I should look for

another one?

Don’t you think you

ought to try them on first? JÍ

our relationship is going?

GRAMMAR AND LISTENING

the box — red or green — refer to men and which to women? Use a dictionary to help you

insecure sensible thoughtful

Do you think the stereotypes in the cartoons

are accurate? Why?/Why not?

Work it out

below find a phrase with a verb in bold which has

the same meaning

1 I feel it’s important for us to buy

3 Sapa personally

4 Mabe a good idea to look for another one

5 Isn't it sensible to try them on?

¢ We use must and have to to talk about necessity

| must get up early tomorrow (personal preference)

| have to go to football practice (external obligation)

¢ We use mustn’tto talk about prohibition

You mustn't take it personally

* We use should and ought to to talk about duty or

give advice

Perhaps | should try another skirt?

You ought to try on those shoes first

¢ We use can and could to talk about ability in the

present/past

It can go from 0-100 in 5.28 seconds

| ‘t understand men, but now I can

* We use can to talk about possibility

You cari still take it back to the shop

© We use can to ask for permission or make requests

Can we talk about our relationship?

Can we join you?

We only use mustin affirmative sentences in the present To make questions and sentences in other

tenses we use have to

| had to get up early this morning

Do you have to be so rude?

We use can to talk about the present and could to talk about the past To make sentences in other tenses

we use be able to

I've never been able to understand men

1 You don’t have to / mustn’t tell anyone —

5 I ought to / mustn't send her an email — she

must be very worried

6 I can’t / couldn’t swim when I was younger

71 must / have to go to the dentist’s — I've got

really bad toothache

8 Don't worry about losing your library card —

you can / should get a new one

decide to go to the kitchen?

Use the clues in brackets Then listen again and check

1 Hey girls, (request) you make us

some sandwiches?

2 Even men (ability) put some

cheese between two bits of bread

3 No Lisa, you (prohibition) listen

to them Dave! You (advice) be

so lazy!

4 Remember when you (ability) understand why your printer wasn’t working

technical problems

how much you know about computers

71 (ability) eat this rubbish!

6 In pairs, answer the questions Use the verbs in bold

1 Are there any rules that you have to follow

at home?

2 What things could you do when you were

younger but you can’t do now?

3 Does your school have any rules about things

you mustn’t do?

33

READING AND VOCABULARY

1 In pairs, follow the instructions

¢ The T-shirts above are six different colours

Quickly decide which colour you like

the most

© Look at page 120 to see what your choice

of colour means Do you agree? Why?/

Why not?

® Do you think that our favourite colours say

a lot about our personalities?

(022) Quickly read the article and choose which

statement a—d best summarises it

a Girls and boys are brought up to prefer some

colours to others

b Pink is a more delicate colour than blue

¢ The colours of children’s toys are changing all

the time

d We prefer certain colours because of the

roles people had thousands of years ago

Read the article again and complete gaps 1-4 with the sentences below There are two sentences you

don’t need

a Even a hundred years ago, people saw pink

as an aggressive colour whereas blue was pretty and delicate

b Is it a problem that we are bringing up girls

to adore the colour pink?

¢ It wasn’t until the twentieth century that

the situation changed

d Men perhaps prefer blue because they used

to hunt and a blue sky meant good weather for hunting

e For the same reason, it used to be fashionable for businessmen to wear red ties

f On the other hand, we teach girls that

pink is a cute feminine colour

Are the statements true (T) or false (F)?

1 Young Chinese men prefer blue to pink

2 Only women used to eat forest fruits

3 The author doesn’t agree that we prefer certain colours because of evolution

4 It was unconventional for boys to wear pink in 1914

5 Sue Palmer believes there is no

connection between how we bring up girls and the careers they choose as teenagers

6 Most girls become less interested in the

colour pink as they get older

Vocabulary Complete the sentences with words

from the box

1 He was! in Germany but

? _ upin6cotland His parents

German

2 All through my #

colour pink But I * Ireached adolescence

3 He started rebelling against his strict

upbringing when he became a ©

4 She’s only a7 , but she can

already count to ten!

I loved the out of it when

In pairs, answer the questions

Has your taste in colours changed since you were younger?

© What were your favourite toys/clothes when you were little? When did you grow

out of them?

® Do you think there is more pressure on teenage girls to make stereotypical choices?

Give examples

cientists at Newcastle University

recently did an experiment in which

they asked young British people in their

twenties to choose which colour they

preferred out of two options Their results

showed that women generally prefer pink

colours and men prefer blue They then

repeated their experiment with young

Chinese people and the results were very

similar The scientists’ conclusion was that

our preferences for different colours must

be a result of evolution and something we

are all born with They argued that women

perhaps prefer pink colours because in the

past they had to be good at identifying red

berries and other fruits of the forest '

It's a nice theory, but there’s a problem with

men in their twenties prefer blue to pink

because of their upbringing - we teach boys

from early childhood that they ought to

prefer blue, a more masculine colour ?

Look around any toy shop - toys and books

for girls are pink, purple or red, whereas

most toys and books for boys are different

shades of blue, brown or green Some

parents complain that they can’t easily buy

toys or clothes for little girls that aren't pink

However, it hasn't always been like this

Indeed, for hundreds of years, people used

to think pink was the most suitable colour

for boys and blue for girls To the Vikings,

pink was a symbol of masculinity and war

5 _ For example, in 1914 an American

newspaper, advised that mothers should

‘use pink for the boy and blue for the girl,

if you are a follower of convention’ Nobody

really knows why the roles of these two

colours changed, but we do know it started

to happen after World War Two

4 Sue Palmer, a child psychologist, feels

that it is She believes that ‘our total

obsession’ with pink has a negative effect

on girls’ personalities because it limits their

choices and decisions in life She agrees

that girls typically don’t become interested

in science and business when they are

teenagers However, she argues that this is

because they have been brought up to be

pink princesses’ Boys have an advantage,

simply because they can choose from a

wider range of colours as they grow up

Other experts argue that colours have no

influence on our personalities and the love

of pink is a harmless phase that girls soon

grow out of as they reach adolescence

Certainly when | look at my teenage

daughter with her black clothes and black

make-up, our cute pink-loving little toddler

seems a very distant memory

The Scientific Journal

SPEAKING AND LISTENING

1 Inpairs, describe the photos and answer the

actions 1-7 at home What about if you’re staying at

someone else’s house?

1 use the phone

2 leave the table (after eating)

7 invite a friend for dinner

Do you have to ask for permission to use the phone at home? What about if you’re at

a friend’s house?

Victoria Listen to their conversation and answer the questions

1 Who - Sam (S), Charlie (C) or both (B) — asks Aunt Victoria for permission to:

2 Why is Sam unhappy at the end of dinner?

36

in the Speak Out box

a Giving permission

b Refusing permission

c Unwillingly giving permission

d Asking for permission

SPEAK OUT | Permis sion

Please let me + infinitive

Canl ?

Is it OK/alright if | ? Could | (possibly) ?

Do you mind if | + Present Simple ? May! ?*

| was wondering if | could *

*for formal situations/when asking for a big favour

| don’t think that’s a very good idea

I'm afraid you can’t

I'm sorry, but

| Mind the trap!

_ You should always give a reason when you refuse

somebody permission in order not to sound rude

‘Can | sit here?’

\ ‘Sorry, but the seat’s already taken.’

the underlined phrases with alternative phrases from

Speak Out and read out the dialogues again

B Yes of course Have fun

2 A Can I leave the table?

B I'm afraid you can't, you haven't finished

your meal

3 A Do you mind if I go to a concert tonight?

B Well, Lsuppose so, as long as it doesn’t

finish too late

4A Iwas wondering if I could spend the night

at Sandra's

B I don't think that’s a very good idea

5 A Do you mind if I ask you a question?

B No, I don’t What is it?

What do you think she says? Listen and check

conversation Student A, look at page 122

Student B, look at page 123

chores from the box with the verbs below Then

discuss questions 1-3

the dishes (x2) the floor (x3)

the rubbish the shopping the table (x2)

affectionate bossy conscientious shy

Use the prefixes (un-, im-, in-) to make the opposites

of the adjectives in the box below and then add them to the lists Use a dictionary to help you

unadventurous, insecure, immature,

(28) Listen and choose the adjective that describes

each person best

Read the descriptions Check the meaning of the phrases in bold and choose at least two adjectives from Exercises 1-3 to describe each person

1 Lymn thinks of other people more than

herself; she helps look after her baby sister and often takes care of her grandfather too

2 Jon looks down on other people He tells

us off if we don’t do what he says and makes

fun of us if we do something wrong

3 Judy gets on with everyone She's got lots of friends and she loves partying

4 Rick fell out with Tony over a game of

tennis When Tony tried to make up with him, he refused to listen

1 Which of these chores do you normally do?

2 Do you think any of these chores are more

suitable for boys or girls? Which ones? Why?

3 Is it easier for boys to get permission to do

some things than it is for girls? If so, is

absent-minded /ebsant-maindid/ adj 1 likely to

forget things (= forgetful)

Dictionaries often have study boxes for common words

WORD FOCUS: UNKIND

Similar words: nasty, cruel, mean, thoughtless

Writing Write a description of either a famous person

or a person you admire Use the vocabulary from Exercises 1—5 to help you

37

WRITING | Letter to an editor

1 In pairs, look at the photos and answer the questions

independent/state

2 What sort of school is more popular in your country?

3 Do you think that girls or boys should go to different schools

or not? Why?

Read the letter and answer the questions

1 What is the writer's job?

2 What is her opinion on single-sex and

coeducational schoc

3 Does she use any of the arguments you used in

Exercise 1?

does (1-4) with her reasons for doing them (a-d)

1 In the first paragraph, she mentions the article by Mr Kettle and gives

her opinion on it oO

2 She uses words like first, next and finally 1

3 She writes in a formal, controlled tone beginning Dear Editor and ending Yours faithfully

a because she is writing to a newspaper, not a friend

b so that she can show why she thinks they

are false

€ so that it is clear what she is writing about

d to start new paragraphs about different points

EDUCATION SPECIAL EDITION + Page 39

Single sex schools are better

By John Kettle

believe that single-sex schools that interest them — girls can

Hollemnomedantetoctuduenbiects cancenirate.on Home Economics

Dear Editor,

am writing in connection with John Kettle’s article

about schools in last Sunday’s newspaper As a teacher,

lenjoyed your special edition on education However,

Imust say I strongly disagree with Mr Kettle’s article

First of all, he argues that single-sex schools allow

students to study subjects that interest them The

example he gives is that girls can concentrate on Home

Economics and boys on Engineering Although some

girls may have a preference for some subjects, e.g

languages, the days when girls only learned to cook

while boys became engineers are fortunately in the past

Next, Mr Kettle says that boys behave badly in class

and stop girls from studying I totally disagree with this

In my experience, both sexes can behave badly Good

discipline in a classroom does not depend on the

students’ sex but on their relationship with the teacher

Finally, he claims that mixed-sex classes are less

effective because girls try too hard to look attractive

Boys, on the other hand, concentrate more on impressing

girls than on learning Clearly, Mr Kettle knows very

ttle about modern education Students today are much

more mature than he imagines

In my opinion, coeducational schools give young

people the opportunity to socialise and to learn to live

together This prevents them from growing up with false

ideas about what it means to be a girl or a boy What's

more, coeducational schools are more fun It is a pity

Mr Kettle never attended one

His and hers

in her letter to disagree with Mr Kettle’s opinions, and circle those she uses to give her own opinions

Exercises 3 and 4

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN | Writing skills

1 Use a formal, controlled style Start with Dear Editor/

Sir/Madam and end with Yours faithfully, your full name and where you are from

2 In the first paragraph, mention the article or letter

you are writing about and say clearly if you agree or

disagree with it

3 Start a new paragraph for each of your arguments

Use words and phrases like first of all, firstly,

secondly, then, next and finally

4 Quote opinions from the original article Use phrases

like these to say whether you agree or disagree with

them: / strongly (dis)agree, | totally (dis)agree,

1 am in complete (dis)agreement with,

| could not agree more/less, In my experience

5 Summarise your opinion in the last paragraph

Use phrases like these: /n my opinion, | feel, | believe,

1am sure, | am convinced, From my point of view

Then say if you agree with them or not

1 Although / However they get better results

in single-sex schools, most girls prefer to

study with boys

2 Most girls don’t know much about computer

technology Although / What’s more, they

don’t seem to want to learn

3 There are not many single-sex schools here

more popular

4 In general, girls are better at languages

Boys, what’s more / on the other hand, are

better at science

7 Read the information below and write a letter to the editor

An article appeared in your local newspaper

supporting the idea that only girls, and not

boys, should help in the home Decide if you are in favour or against and then write a letter to the editor giving your opinion

Write 200-250 words Use Train Your Brain to

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

1 There should be a stricter punishment for

2 What made him ¢

Was it the money?

3 Will you please s

doing the washing-up?

4 It always takes me hours to choose what I

he will never disappoint you

you always know what’s going to happen

this awful crime?

the floor while 'm

2 Put the following words and phrases under

the right headings (6 points)

steal theft shoplifter piracy fine (n)

speeding

Gal Panes

crimes punishment people verbs

40

to make sentences Do not change the

form of the words

1 the / if / you / window / mind /1/ open

HÃ| |1 S005, S0 Mới rons, ecm sce ee

4 self-centred / people / and / is / looks /

ee the 1980s, adolescent and pre-adolescent children were expected to do a variety

of household chores: they ' do the

shopping and help with the cooking Both

were good for kids by making them responsible and helping them take an active part in family

life

Most modern children, in contrast,

do a lot of chores and their only responsibility

is schoolwork Even if they do take on some

responsibilities, their parents often pay them for doing them — either in cash or in the form of ‘points’

that can be later exchanged for toys or games

Which approach is more beneficial for teenagers?

Most experts believe that parents *

continue to give their children chores to help them become more responsible in the future However,

they * ask children to do the kind of

chores they themselves would be unwilling to do

and should always remember to praise the kids for helping at home

Complete the article For each gap choose

Complete the text with the correct forms

Last week I was alone at home I * (do) my English homework so I was really concentrating Everything was very quiet I 2s (switch) off the telly and the radio

loud noise from the kitchen 1° _ (go)

to check — the window was open! I was almost

before going out I felt scared We * live) on the ground fioor so anybody could get in through the window I had just got up to

ringing It was my parents They were phoning

the windows before leaving for the cinema and

wanted me to close everything because a storm

6 (G07) Read the words In each group, choose the

word that has a different vowel sound Then listen,

repeat and check

1 law / low / court / report

2 lot / cope / tolerant / from

3 grow / knock / know / host

4 order / toddler / soft / bossy

5 opponent / phone / storm / open

6 got / floor / rob / hot

LISTENING SKILLS

with one word each (6 points)

ear’s exam results have confirmed the tendency for

‘0 perform | than girls

Main reasons:

® Boys prefer doing work within a shorter period of time

over a long period of time

to see the link between

s common for

ication and future work

ys lack They often 5 this

people’s lives Compare and contrast them

Include the points below:

him/her about your school Include the points below:

10 This is part of an article about crimes committed

by young people which you have recently read in

an English newspaper Write a letter to the editor

including the points below

and younger people are committing crimes

these days Why is this the case? Who is to blame?

¢ mention the title of the article

¢ give examples of young people's behaviour

give your opinion about the reasons why

young people commit crimes

© encourage other readers to give their

opinions about the article

What a disaster!

Practise future forms

Focus on giving presentations

‘Human civilisation (Gertainly Won't survive forever But what dangers

do we face and how likely are they to happen?

L]

In 1918, an influenza epidemic killed twenty million people More

recently we've had HIV, Sars and Swine flu There will’definitely be

another deadly pandemic this century °A virus is unlikely to wipe out

the whole human race, but “it Might kill millions

Ey

4A huge meteor is Sũf@ EØ hit the Earth again one day - it happens about

once every million years When it does, an enormous cloud of dust will block

out the sunlight and kill the plants However, adaptable species such as

cockroaches and humans will probably survive

Probability in your lifetime:

L]

Approximately every 50,000 years a super-volcano erupts It probably won't

happen in your lifetime, but when it does, it will cover the land with ash,

fill the sky with sulphuric acid and daytime will be as dark as a moonlit night

GRAMMAR AND READING

1 Which danger is the most likely to happen in

your lifetime?

2 Which do you find the most worrying?

Work it out

1 We use these modal verbs to make predictions:

/wont/may/

2 We use these adverbs with will and won't:

/definitely/

3 We use these adjectives after the Present

Simple of the verb to be:

the article

“How sure?

: 100% | There will definitely be another

i pandemic this century

There wil! be millions of deaths

To say how sure our prediction is we use:

© certainly, definitely, probably, possibly with will/won't

© Jikely, unlikely, sure, sure not to with the Present

Simple of the verb to be

100% It will definitely happen

It is sure to happen

75% — It will probably happen

It is likely to happen

50% Itinighi/may (not) happen

It's possible it will happen

25% — It probably won’t happen

It is unlikely to happen

It is sure not to happen

"In affirmative sentences the adverb goes between

will and the main verb |

i

_ In negative sentences the adverb goes before won't

_ It probably won’t happen NOT HLwer*tsrebabty happen

predictions about climate change during the twenty-first century

1 The quantity of greenhouse gases/double

5 We/use as much petrol as we do today (0%)

without changing the meaning

1 The Earth is sure not to disappear into a

black hole (certainly)

2 Intelligent robots will probably take over most teaching jobs (likely)

3 There is unlikely to be a nuclear war

Use the time expressions in the box and the example

fifty years from now in my lifetime

* a president of the world

* solar power replaces petrol completely

* robots take over the planet

* a nuclear war

* climate change becomes worse

* a natural disaster (volcano, earthquake, hurricane, tsunami) hits your country

A Do you think there will be a president of the world some day?

B Yes, but it probably won’t happen in my

lifetime

life/country Use the ideas below

Vocabulary Complete the sentences with the missing words or phrases from the box

contaminated destroy disposable environment

2 Scientists warned that the city’s tap

5 Greenhouse gases are harmful to the

6 Toxic from the factory killed

hundreds of fish

7 Acid rain trees

verbs in the article with meanings 1-6

1 Do you often buy water/soft drinks in plastic correct form of the phrasal verbs from the article,

bottles? Why are they popular?

plastic bottles could be harmful to the environment? it !

2 “#8 Quickly read the article Tick two predictions the plastic bags every year

author clearly makes about the future Which information in 3 It’s hard to imagine that a lot of this the article do you find most surprising/worrying? rubbish will probably Hi

1 Bottled drinks are likely to fall out of fashion lề] middle of the ocean

3 Many species of sea bird will probably platform

contaminated with plastic Oo elephants

recycling bins

3 Scientists already knew about the floating

rubbish five years ago

Why?

1 Using linen bags, not plastic carrier bags

from rivers and sewers 3 Sorting rubbish for recycling

6 The ecologists on Midway Island were only 6 Turning off your electrical appliances

7 The author believes we are already producing 7 Turning off the tap when brushing

44

led drinks are big business nowadays Americans

‘ough two million plastic bottles of drink every five

utes, while here in the UK we spend one million pounds

them every day Perhaps you are sipping mineral water

om a bottle as you read this article But what do you

sually do with the empty bottle? Although many of us try

our best to recycle our plastic rubbish, the sad fact is that

nly one plastic bottle in five gets recycled The rest

(00 years to decompose, our ‘disposable’ plastic

tles are likely to remain with us for a very long time

not only on land that plastic is causing problems

the past decade we have discovered that there are

reas Of ‘plastic soup’ in our oceans Of the billions

ieces of floating plastic rubbish which make Up this

2’, much of it is bits of plastic bottles and bottle tops

ourse, some of this rubbish comes from boats or oil

gas platforms But most of it comes from the land and

rs the sea from rivers and sewers We now believe that

cent of the plastic rubbish we throw a onland 2

p in the sea Globally, that’s about ten million tonnes

tic each year This problem will definitely get worse

se plastic takes hundreds of years to break down in

ler and people are unlikely to stop using plastic

bottles One area of floating rubbish in the north Pacific is

already more than twice the size of France

This plastic soup is already destroying the environment

Action Ecology recently spent a week on Midway Island in the Pacific Ocean, where we were looking into how plastic

is harming the wildlife and slowly poisoning the environment All over the island, we Ie 88 dead albatross chicks, whose parents had fed them bottle tops, cigarette lighters and other pieces of rubbish from the sea,

| found it a truly heartbreaking sight My team found plastic not only in the bodies of nearly half the seabirds we

examined but also in dozens of other species such as fish,

turtles, whales and dolphins As more and more seafood becomes contaminated with plastic, it seems people might

soon end up consuming their own rubbish Isn't it crazy?

For thousands of years, the ocean was a symbol of the eternal power of nature When we looked at it, we felt small

and our problems seemed trivial But now it looks as if

even something as huge as the ocean cannot cope with the amount of plastic waste that our civilisation produces

© Work out your carbon footp

Dear Parent(s), All Year 11 students are exhibition, ECO-EX, at The coach is leaving ft

will have the chance t

invited to join an ex

Rutland Conference rom outside the school at 2 (0 find out all about 2

› but the excursion costs 7

is included in the Price

Please sign below the dotted li

Lunch at the 8

ine if you wish your child to go on this

GRAMMAR AND LISTENING

answer the questions

1 Where are the teacher and students going?

2 How do they feel?

3 Would you like to go to an exhibition like

ECO-EX? Why?/Why not?

1-3 words in each gap

1 Why can’t the coach leave on time?

2 Why does Jay suggest asking the driver to stop?

¢ We'l! wait two minutes and that's all

4 Match sentences a-e with the rules 1-3

1 We use will when we have just made a

decision Land to offer to do something for

someone L]

2 We use the Present Continuous to describe

arrangements L]

3 We use going to + infinitive to make

predictions 4 and to talk about our plans

and intentions L]

Check it out

Future forms

will for decisions and offers

We use wil! when we make a spontaneous decision

1 go and get them now

and when we offer to do something for someone

Vil tel! you about it now if you like

Present Continuous for arrangements

We use the Present Continuous to talk about

arrangements such as appointments, meetings or

events These tend to be in the near future with a

definite time or place

We're leaving at 8 a.m

going to for plans and predictions

We use going to to talk about plans and intentions

Are you going to go on this excursion?

and also to talk about predictions based on evidence

that we can see, hear or feel

I'm not going to enjoy it

from ECO-EX Then listen and check

1A Do you want to sit here? I

(move) my bag if you like

3 We (stop) at the motorway

services in about ten minutes

4AHe (ask) us to write a report on

the exhibition I'm sure of it

B No, he (not/make) us do any work He (tell) us we can come

1 I've got a DVD about climate change

Im going to lend it to you if you want

2 I don’t know what to do in my ecology project I know! I'll write about polar bears!

3 The Prime Minister is meeting the Greens tomorrow at 10 o'clock

4 Sonia’s got a good plan She will do a project on polar bears

5 I'm going to join a charity that helps species in danger of extinction

6 I've got a bike I don’t use I'll sell it to

you for a good price

7 It’s hard to choose, but I think I’m having

the vegetarian pizza

In groups, discuss the questions

1 Some young people say they feel bored with ecology and climate change Why do you

think this is?

2 Do you think it is important to study ecology and climate change at school? Why?/Why not?

3 Most scientists say that climate change is

going to be a disaster for people What can

we do about it?

In pairs, plan a school excursion Then form new pairs and tell your partner the arrangements you have made and your plans for the day

A What time are we leaving?

B We're leaving the school building at nine o'clock

47