Praise for the Photoshop Bibles and Deke McClelland docx

— Los Angeles Times Say goodbye to those dull and dusty step-by-step tutorials now that Deke McClelland, the Digital Guru of computer graphics, has updated his international bestseller,

You’re probably thinking that if someone has the gall to call his book

a Bible, it had better be pretty good If you’re not thinking that, it’s probably because you’ve already experienced the Photoshop Bible and you know it’s good.

— Los Angeles Times

Say goodbye to those dull and dusty step-by-step tutorials now that Deke McClelland, the Digital Guru of computer graphics, has updated his international bestseller, the Macworld Photoshop 5 Bible.

— Mark Hamburg, Adobe Principal Scientist and Architect for Photoshop

It’s always nice to see something that was very good become great — bigger and better than its predecessor (which was already quite good), the Macworld Photoshop 5 Bible kicks some serious butt: it’s simply outstanding.

— PhotoBooks.com

The Photoshop Bible is a must have encyclopedia of Photoshop info It’s a tribute to Deke’s Photoshop knowledge that even the most veteran Photoshop users find the

“Bible” required reading.

— Jeff Schewe, Imaging Artist and Author

(Photoshop Bibles) show you the ins and outs of this fascinating program, with step-by-step instructions for both everyday techniques and unusual but useful tricks.

— Houston Chronicle

This is an excellent book I believe you will use it for years.

— Space Coast PC Journal

With Photoshop expert Deke McClelland at the steering wheel, how can you go wrong!

— The Design & Publishing Center

The Photoshop 5 Bible by Deke McClelland sits proudly on my desk and is a constant source of information and assistance as I confidently create with Adobe Photoshop 5 McClelland’s complete understanding of Adobe’s suite of imaging software is only surpassed by his ability to teach He may be my favorite author!

— Susanne York, Houston, TX

I gotta tell you — the Photoshop Bible has saved me many times There is nothing more a designer needs (except for coffee) sitting beside his Mac than the Photoshop

Bible

— Jason K Jennings, Nashville, TN

While it may theoretically be possible to use Photoshop without the Photoshop Bible,

I can’t imagine why anyone would want to try.

— Tim Wilson, Keys Entertainment

McClelland offers tons of tips, tricks and procedures There are more insights than any one person will likely be able to digest, but even a few will prove invaluable for getting more out of the program… One advantage of such a large book is that complicated subjects can be dealt with at length McClelland takes full advantage of this in the special effects section, detailing how the different filters work, what the effects of the filters are, and how users can better control the results… Macworld Photoshop Bible succeeds as a valuable tome for users of all levels It will be helpful for beginners and relevant to advanced users.

explanation of USM as has ever been published, backed up with examples showing the effects achieved by varying the Amount, Radius, and Threshold settings In fact, if you’re looking for only one comprehensive Photoshop book, this may be the one.

— Photo District News

It’s a must have for every professional Photoshop user.

— RC, London, England

I teach Photoshop; there would be no way for me to survive my first class without this book! Deke McClelland incorporates a funny way of explaining things, he’s very thorough and tells you about “real-life” situations, not just what Adobe wants its customers to know.

— CD, Addison, Texas

I thought I was an expert Photoshop user, but you should see how many pages I’ve marked in this book Deke’s presentation is one of the clearest and most accurate I’ve seen.

— CS, Fullerton, California

This book puts the Photoshop user manual to shame!

— DB, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Deke is humorous, not a self-righteous “know everything” author This book cuts straight to the usable information, without the typical hype or fluff of the manufacturer manuals.

— EV, Somerset, New Jersey

I’m able to do more than I thought possible with Photoshop using this guide.

book help you in doing it? Mr McClelland will answer both questions and every other question you can think of within the confines of the Macintosh and Photoshop.

— Work Place, University College, Dublin, Ireland

No other book about Photoshop is as good as this one It’s the best!

— JO, Garsfontein, South Africa

A truly wonderful book, jam packed with useful hints, tricks and basic procedures in Photoshop.

— TW, Dubuque, Iowa

I had tough deadlines and had never used Photoshop before This book added years to

my life!

— RB, Green Bay, Wisconsin

Great job McClelland! Many books are dull, but this one made me laugh out loud It was easy to read the whole thing.

— PM, Vallejo, California

I am laughing all day thinking about and reading this book.

— SA, Barcelona, Spain

Given the technical nature of the topic and the depth of coverage, you might expect the writing to be rather dry — somewhat less than inspiring Fortunately, Deke McClelland

is as accomplished a writer as he is a Photoshop guru He has managed to keep a potentially heavy topic from becoming too great a burden on the reader, while

maintaining a strong flow of information His wit and style show through repeatedly in every chapter I strongly recommend this book to anyone who uses Adobe Photoshop

on the Mac or PC.

— Flash

It has an answer waiting for every question I could possibly have about Photoshop.

— TL, Corona, California

This “Bible” brings all the comfort that the King James Version no longer does — it’s

my new “Linus Blanket!” I have yet to go find a topic that I can think of that isn’t covered by the book, and it is stuffed full of topics that wouldn’t have occurred to me.

— NC, London, England

I learn something new every time I open it.

— SFJ, Billerica, Massachusetts

forth about every feature of Photoshop I just think this book is excellent!

— TC, Augusta, Georgia

I think I love you, Deke McClelland! Thank you for continuing my ongoing quest!

— KW, Ocoee, Florida

This is a great book I know Photoshop but I never realized you could do so much with

it until I read this book.

— TLS, Whitestone, New York

It is easily understandable and very easy reading with as much information put together as I thought possible It has everything!

— GKP, Eugene, Oregon

This book helped me to understand the thought processes the developers went through

to build the program, which helps me to be a better user.

— JD, Arkansas City, Kansas

The best Photoshop book I’ve seen — I know: I’m a sixteen-year professional.

— CD, Hazelwood, Missouri

While reading this book, it felt like a good friend was sitting over my shoulder letting

me in on all the tips and tricks no one else would tell me about or knew about Thanks!

— JO, San Marcos, Texas

Anyone involved with design knows about this book.

— TS, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

This book has information on all aspects of Photoshop in non-technical, everyday language It was enjoyable to read and I learned a lot.

— NI, Fairlawn, New Jersey

I selected Macworld Photoshop 4.0 Bible for my digital imaging course because I was impressed with its thoroughness and with the fact that it’s very appropriate for beginning through advanced-level students a very comprehensive text!

— Thomas Shirley, Faculty member, Digital Imaging, Columbia College, IL

Bible

Photoshop 6 for

Bible

Deke McClelland

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

McClelland, Deke, 1962–

Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible / Deke McClelland.

p cm.

ISBN 0-7645-3491-2 (alk paper)

1 Computer graphics 2 Adobe Photoshop.

I Title.

T385 M3779964 2000 006.6'869 dc21 00-046186

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puter-based production department in Boulder, Colorado He later graduated to beartistic director for Publishing Resources, one of the earliest all-PostScript servicebureaus in the United States.

These days, Deke is the author of the award-winning titles Photoshop for Windows Bible and Macworld Photoshop Bible (both published by IDG Books Worldwide), now

in their eighth year with more copies in print than any other guides on computergraphics

Other best-selling titles include Photoshop For Dummies, Photoshop Studio Secrets, Web Design Studio Secrets (all IDG Books Worldwide), Real World Illustrator 9, and Real World Digital Photography (both Peachpit Press) He also serves as host to sev- eral entertaining and educational video training series, including Total Photoshop, Total InDesign, and Total Illustrator (all Total Training).

In 1989, Deke won the Benjamin Franklin Award for Best Computer Book Sincethen, he has received honors from the Society for Technical Communication (once

in 1994 and twice in 1999), the American Society of Business Press Editors (1995),the Western Publications Association (1999), and the Computer Press Association(1990, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, and twice in 1999) In 1999, Book Bytes named Dekeits Author of the Year

Deke is presently working on his new visual learning series, Look & Learn, which

is slated to include Look & Learn Photoshop and Look & Learn Flash (IDG Books Worldwide) He is a contributing editor for Macworld magazine.

To see these two people is sweetness indeed.

If you are reading this foreword, it probably means that you’ve purchased a copy

of Adobe Photoshop 6.0, and for that I and the rest of the Photoshop team atAdobe thank you

If you own a previous edition of the Photoshop Bible, you probably know what to

expect If not, then get ready for an interesting trip

A lot of attention in various forums has been given to the fact that the year 2000marks the ten-year anniversary of Adobe Photoshop Unless you buy this bookalmost immediately after it comes out, I will also have been working on Photoshopfor ten years, so this seems like a good time to do a little looking back

When I joined the Photoshop team, my first task was to start adding vector drawingcapabilities to a program that even in 1.0 could lay claim to being the leading desk-top raster editing program In other words, I was to implement a Bézier pen toolthat as initially planned was little more than a glorified lasso tool Ten years later,Photoshop 6 is now taking vectors on in earnest I trust that doesn’t mean that wesat still for the 9+ years between Photoshop 2.0 and Photoshop 6.0 It certainlydoesn’t feel that way

If we had done so, I suspect that we would have heard from Deke McClelland sincehe’s been watching over our shoulders for almost as long as I can remember.While Photoshop 6 probably provides more instant gratification features than anyprevious version, at its core it offers a broad collection of basic and not so basictools for building and manipulating images Becoming a skilled Photoshop userinvolves getting to know those tools, how they interact, and when to use them Thebest way I’ve found to do that is through use, exploration, and play On the otherhand, since Photoshop allows one to do so much, it can be difficult to know where

to begin It’s like opening a watch maker’s tool chest: The screwdrivers are prettyobvious, but what about all these other strange and mysterious instruments?This is where Deke comes in In Deke’s hands, Photoshop goes from being just a

toolbox to being a strange and wonderful land all its own The Photoshop Bible is a

guided tour through that land with a guide who has been over the territory many

times.

Deke takes you through most of Photoshop and covers a lot of areas in impressivedepth Not only does he show you the features in Photoshop — after all, you’ve got

the manual to do that — he shows you how to use them to address issues that look

almost like real world problems This is the Photoshop Bible not the Photoshop Encyclopedia and hence it tells stories rather than just presenting information.

A second thing that you’ll get from this book is a lot of commentary Deke isn’t shyabout letting you know how he feels about various features I don’t always agreewith Deke’s opinions on these matters, but I think his openness about his opinionsmakes the book much richer If you become a routine user of Photoshop, you willalmost certainly develop your own opinions, some of which will probably matchDeke’s and some of which probably won’t It’s valuable to get his opinions duringthe tour, however, because, even if you end up disagreeing with them, they give youmore to think about

Finally, the most invigorating aspect of this book is the enthusiasm Deke brings tothe tour You’ll note that I included “play” in my list of strategies for coming to knowPhotoshop, and I think just having fun with the program is really one of the bestthings you can do when starting out Deke almost relentlessly conveys that sense

of excitement and fun, and for that I thank him

So, fasten your seat belts, put on your pith helmets, and get ready It’s a fascinatingtrip ahead

Mark HamburgPrincipal Scientist and Architect for Adobe PhotoshopAdobe Systems Incorporated

September 2000

Ihave no idea where you are as you read this You might be sitting in front of your

computer, lounging on a beach in Martinique, or curled up under the covers with

a flashlight But there’s a chance you’re standing in a bookstore with a clerk behindyou asking if you need any help If so, you’re at what we in the book biz like to call the “point of purchase” (POP) From my perspective, the POP is a dangerous place,fraught with ambiguities and temptations There’s a chance — however infinitesimal —that you might put this book back where you found it and buy a competing title Ishudder to think of it

So for the benefit of you POPers, I’m about to lay it on a bit thick

This book is not only the number-one selling guide to Adobe Photoshop, but one

of the two or three most successful books on any electronic publishing topic everprinted You can find dozens of localized translations throughout the world TheDutch translation has been known to come out before the English edition, and I just received an e-mail from my German translator urging me to get her manuscript

ASAP The Photoshop Bible is the most widely accepted textbook for college courses.

It is also the only third-party book that has been edited from cover to cover for nical accuracy by members of Photoshop’s programming team (for which I am dulygrateful)

tech-Now, we all know “bestseller” doesn’t necessarily translate to “best” — I needn’t

remind you that pet rocks were once hotter than Pokémon But the Photoshop Bible

seems to have touched a chord Based on the letters I’ve received over the years,most readers find the book informative, comprehensive, and entertaining (Okay, onewoman summed it up as “violent, satanic, and blasphemous” — cross my heart, it’strue — but now that we’ve removed all the backward lyrics, I think we’ve addressed

that problem.) Knowing that people not only buy the book, but actually read it and

find it pleasurable, gives me more satisfaction than I can say

The driving philosophy behind Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible is a simple one: Even

the most intimidating topic can be made easy if it’s explained properly This goesdouble when the subject of the discussion is something as modest as a piece ofsoftware Photoshop isn’t some remarkable work of nature that defies our compre-hension It’s nothing more that a commercial product designed by a bunch of regu-lar people like you for the express purpose of being understood and put to use by

a bunch of regular people like you If I can’t explain something that’s inherently sostraightforward, then shame on me

I’ve made it my mission to address every topic head-on — no cop-outs, no gies Everything’s here, from the practical benefits of creating accurate masks tothe theoretical wonders of designing your own custom layer styles I wasn’t bornwith this knowledge, and there are plenty of times when I’m learning with you Butwhen I don’t know how something works, I do the research and figure it out, some-times discussing features directly with the programmers, sometimes taking advan-tage of other sources My job is to find out the answers, make sure those answersmake sense, and pass them along to you as clearly as I can.

apolo-I also provide background, opinions, and a few feeble attempts at humor A dry ing of features followed by ponderous discussions of how they work doesn’t meansquat unless I explain why the feature is there, where it fits into your workflow,and — on occasion — whether or not it’s the best solution I am alternatively cranky,excited, and just plain giddy as I explain Photoshop, and I make no effort to contain

list-my criticisms or enthusiasm This book is me walking you through the program assubjectively as I would explain it to a friend

But before I brag any more about the book, it’s possible you’re not even sure whatPhotoshop is, much less why you’d need a book on the subject Just so we’re allclear, let’s take a peek at the program

What Is Photoshop?

Photoshop 6 is a professional-level image editor that runs on a Power Macintoshcomputer running OS 8.5 or later; or a Pentium-based PC equipped with any of sev-

eral versions of Microsoft Windows By image editor, I mean that Photoshop enables

you to edit photos and artwork scanned to disk You can then post the resultingimages on the Internet or print them on paper

Here’s an example: Your job is to take a picture of your company’s high-and-mightyCEO, touch up the crow’s feet, fix the hair, and publish the Chief’s smiling face onthe cover of the annual report No problem Just shoot the photo, have it scanned

to disk, open Mr or Mrs CEO inside Photoshop, and away you go Photoshop armsyou with all the digital wrinkle cream, toupee relaxer, jowl remover, and tooth pol-isher that you could ask for The head honcho looks presentable no matter howbadly the company is doing

Photoshop, then, is about changing reality It follows in the footsteps of a rich cession of after-camera tools Despite all the hand-wringing you may have heardabout the veracity of photographs in the digital age, image editing has been aroundalmost as long as photography itself Witness the editorial image below, lifted from

pro-the hallowed pages of a 1917 issue of The Geographic (predecessor to National Geographic) The men on the left are authentic, but I’m a bit skeptical about that

fellow inside the van Today’s editing techniques may be more sophisticated, butthey’re hardly anything new

In 1917, The Geographic tendered this image as a genuine photograph,

and very likely many readers thought nothing of it One day, future

generations will think the same of our work

Photoshop goes beyond just reducing the distance between two Giza pyramids on

the cover of National Geographic or plopping a leaning Tom Cruise, photographed

in Hawaii, onto the supportive shoulder of Dustin Hoffman, photographed in New

York, for a Newsweek spread (both duller-than-fiction applications of image-editing

software) Photoshop brings you full-tilt creativity Picture the head of an eagle on

the body of a lion with the legs of a spider and the wings of a dove Picture yourself

in a boat on a river with tangerine trees and marmalade skies Whether your

inspi-rations are original or derivative, Photoshop lets you paint snapshots from your

dreams If you can picture it in your head, you can paint it in Photoshop

About This Book

If you’re familiar with previous editions of this book, this one represents your

everyday average exhaustive renovation As is often the case, I am assisted by Julie

PhotoDeluxe For Dummies King and Amy InDesign For Dummies Thomas Buscaglia,

long-time contributors to the Bible (Julie has been adding her touch since the very

first Bible; Amy has been on board for the last seven renditions.) With their help,

I’ve added detailed discussions on the subjects of layers, blending options, styles,

vector-based shapes, color management, object-oriented text, the expanded TIFFand PDF file formats, free-form distortions, and the usual plethora of interfaceenhancements As always, we’ve reworked the structure of the book to suit thenewest version of Photoshop, creating new parts, rehashing every chapter withoutexception, and rewriting several chapters from the ground up In short, we’vedeprived ourselves of sleep and sanity to make you happy.

If you’re new to the Bible, I urge you to take a brief moment and make sure you have

the right one before you pay the clerk and take it home You are currently holding

the Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible, designed specifically for folks who own PCs

equipped with Microsoft Windows If you use a Apple Macintosh or iMac instead,

put this book down and request a copy of the Macworld Photoshop 6 Bible, which

is far more likely to suit your needs

That silver Frisbee on the back cover

In the back of this book, you’ll find a CD-ROM It contains Photoshop plug-ins andseveral high-resolution pieces of stock photography in full, natural color I’veincluded many of the pivotal images from this book so that you can follow alongwith my examples as you see fit

The Bible is nothing if not comprehensive To bolster this claim, I’ve included a few

additional chapters as PDF files on the CD-ROM Assuming you have Adobe Acrobat

Reader (which you can download at www.adobe.com), you can open the chapters,

read them on screen, and print them at your leisure Among these on-disk chaptersare two collections of Photoshop shortcuts — the most extensive of their kind —one for Macintosh users (Chapter C) and one for Windows (Chapter D) This way,even if you unknowingly purchased the wrong version of the book, you have all the shortcuts you need The CD also includes PDF copies of all the printed chapters

in this book, perfect for those times you want to print an additional copy of a ter to highlight, underline, or paper the birdcage Bear in mind, however, that I pro-vide these PDFs for your personal use only If you distribute them to friends andfamily, you’re breaking all kinds of federal codes, interstate treaties, and GenevaConvention ordinances If you’re unlucky enough to get caught, the FBI will raidyour house and make you sit in the corner and write bad checks Okay, I made that

chap-up All I can really do is tell you I’d rather you didn’t share the PDF chapters andhope you don’t I’m powerless; pity me

As an extra special bonus, you’ll find several QuickTime movie tutorials thatexplain how to use some of Photoshop’s most challenging features These are

excerpted from my video training series, Total Photoshop, from Total Training (www.totaltraining.com).

Perhaps best of all, the CD is cross-platform, so you can open it on a Mac or PC.Read the appendix, “Using the CD-ROM,” for a complete listing of the contents ofthe CD

Cross-Reference

Every computer book seems to conform to a logic all its own, and this one’s no

exception Although I try to avoid pig latin — ellway, orfay hetay ostmay artpay — I

do subscribe to a handful of conventions that you may not immediately recognize

Vocabulary

Call it computerese, call it technobabble, call it the synthetic jargon of propeller

heads The fact is, I can’t explain Photoshop in graphic and gruesome detail without

reverting to the specialized language of the trade However, to help you keep up, I

can and have italicized vocabulary words (as in random-access memory) with which

you may not be familiar or which I use in an unusual context An italicized term is

followed by a definition

If you come across a strange word that is not italicized (that bit of italics was for

emphasis), look it up in the index to find the first reference to the word in the book

Commands and options

To distinguish the literal names of commands, dialog boxes, buttons, and so on, I

capitalize the first letter in each word (for example, click on the Cancel button) The

only exceptions are option names, which can be six or seven words long and filled

with prepositions like to and of Traditionally, prepositions and articles (a, an, the)

don’t appear in initial caps, and this book follows that time-honored rule, too

When discussing menus and commands, I use an arrow symbol to indicate

hierar-chy For example, Choose File ➪ Open means to choose the Open command from

the File menu If you have to display a submenu to reach a command, I list the

command used to display the submenu between the menu name and the final

com-mand Choose Image ➪ Adjust ➪ Invert means to choose the Adjust command from

the Image menu and then choose the Invert command from the Adjust submenu

Version numbers

A new piece of software comes out every 15 minutes That’s not a real statistic,

mind you, but I bet I’m not far off As I write this, Photoshop has advanced to

Version 6.0 But by the time you read this, the version number may be seven

hun-dredths of a percentage point higher So know that when I write Photoshop 6, I mean

any version of Photoshop short of 7

Similarly, when I write Photoshop 5, I mean Versions 5.0, 5.0.2, and 5.5; Photoshop 4

means Versions 4.0 and 4.0.1; Photoshop 3 means Versions 3.0, 3.0.1, 3.0.3, 3.0.4,

and 3.0.5; you get the idea

Like just about every computer book currently available on your greengrocer’sshelves, this one includes alluring icons that focus your eyeballs smack-dab onimportant information The icons make it easy for folks who just like to skim books

to figure out what the heck’s going on Icons serve as little insurance policiesagainst short attention spans On the whole, the icons are self-explanatory, but I’ll explain them anyway

The Caution icon warns you that a step you’re about to take may produce trous results Well, perhaps “disastrous” is an exaggeration Inconvenient, then.Uncomfortable For heaven’s sake, use caution

disas-The Note icon highlights some little tidbit of information I’ve decided to share withyou that seemed at the time to be remotely related to the topic at hand I might tellyou how an option came into existence, why a feature is implemented the way it is,

or how things used to be better back in the old days

The Photoshop 6 icon explains an option, command, or other feature that is brand-spanking new to this latest revision If you’re already familiar with previousversions of Photoshop, you might just want to plow through the book looking forPhotoshop 6 icons and see what new stuff is out there

This book is bursting with tips and techniques If I were to highlight every one ofthem, whole pages would have light-bulbs popping out all over the place The Tipicon calls attention to shortcuts that are specifically applicable to the Photoshopapplication For the bigger, more useful power tips, I’m afraid you’ll have to actuallyread the text

The Cross-Reference icon tells you where to go for information related to the rent topic I included one a few pages back and you probably read it without think-ing twice That means you’re either sharp as a tack or an experienced computer-book user Either way, you won’t have any trouble with this icon

cur-I thought of including one more icon that alerted you to every new bit of tion — whether Photoshop 6–dependent or not — that’s included in this book But Ifound myself using it every other paragraph Besides, that would have robbed you

informa-of the fun informa-of discovering the new stuff

How to Bug Me

Even in its sixth edition, scanned by the eyes of hundreds of thousands of readersand scrutinized intensely for months at a time by myself and my editors, I’ll betsomeone, somewhere will still manage to locate errors and oversights If you notice

those kinds of things and you have a few spare moments, please let me know I

always appreciate readers’ comments

If you want to share your insights, comments, or corrections, please visit my Web

site, the infamous http://www.dekemc.com There you’ll find news and excerpts

about my books, tips for various graphics products, and other goofy online stuff

Let me know what you think To e-mail me, click on the Contact Deke button Don’t

fret if you don’t hear from me for a few days, or months, or ever I read every letter

and try to implement nearly every constructive idea anyone bothers to send me

But because I receive hundreds of reader letters a week, I can respond to only a

small percentage of them

Please, do not write to ask me why your copy of Photoshop is misbehaving on your

specific computer I was not involved in developing Photoshop, I am not employed

by Adobe, and I am not trained in product support Adobe can answer your

techni-cal support questions way better than I can, so I leave it to the experts

Now, without further ado, I urge you to turn the page and advance forward into the

great untamed frontier of image editing But remember, this book can be a

danger-ous tool if wielded unwisely Don’t set it on any creaky card tables or let your

chil-dren play with it without the assistance of a stalwart adult, preferably an All-Star

Wrestler or that guy who played the Incredible Hulk on TV And no flower pressing

The little suckers would be pummeled to dust by this monstrously powerful

colos-sus of a book

Note

Foreword xvPreface xvii

Part I: Welcome to Photoshop 6 1

Chapter 1: What’s Up with Photoshop 6? 3Chapter 2: Inside Photoshop 15Chapter 3: Image Fundamentals 67

Part II: Painting and Retouching 129

Chapter 4: Defining Colors 131Chapter 5: Painting and Editing 179Chapter 6: Filling and Stroking 223Chapter 7: Retouching, Repeating, and Restoring 263

Part III: Selections, Masks, and Filters 313

Chapter 8: Selections and Paths 315Chapter 9: Masks and Extractions 383Chapter 10: Corrective Filtering 427Chapter 11: Full-Court Filtering 487

Part IV: Layers, Objects, and Text 553

Chapter 12: Working with Layers 555Chapter 13: The Wonders of Blend Modes 609Chapter 14: Shapes and Styles 653Chapter 15: Fully Editable Text 685

Chapter 18: Printing Images 807Chapter 19: Creating Graphics for the Web 841Appendix: Using the CD-ROM 893

Bonus Chapters On the CD-ROM

Chapter A: Constructing Homemade Effects

Chapter B: Actions and Other Automations

Chapter C: Macintosh Shortcuts

Chapter D: Windows Shortcuts

Index 899End-User License Agreement 940CD-ROM Installation Instructions 946

Foreword xv

Preface xvii

Part I: Welcome to Photoshop 6 1

Chapter 1: What’s Up with Photoshop 6? 3

What Is Photoshop? 3

Image-Editing Theory 4

Bitmaps versus objects 4

The ups and downs of painting 4

The downs and ups of drawing 6

When to use Photoshop 7

When to use a drawing program 7

The Computer Design Scheme 8

Photoshop Scenarios 9

Fast Track to Version 6 10

Chapter 2: Inside Photoshop 15

A First Look at Photoshop 6 15

See Photoshop Run 16

Splash screen tricks 16

Online studios resource 18

The Photoshop Desktop 19

The preview box 21

The tools 24

The toolbox controls 32

The new Options bar 34

The floating palettes 35

Rearranging and docking palettes 37

Navigating in Photoshop 39

The view size 39

The zoom tool 41

The zoom commands 42

The magnification box 42

Creating a reference window 44

Scrolling inside the window 45

The Navigator palette 46

Customizing the Interface 47The preference panels 48General preferences 50Saving Files 53Display & Cursors 55Transparency & Gamut 57Units & Rulers 58Guides & Grid 60Plug-Ins & Scratch Disk 61Image Cache 63Physical memory usage 65

Chapter 3: Image Fundamentals 67

How Images Work 67Size versus resolution 68Changing the printing resolution 69Changing the page-layout resolution 70

So what’s the perfect resolution? 71The Resolution of Screen Images 72How to Open, Duplicate, and Save Images 73Creating a new image 74Opening an existing image 77Duplicating an image 81Saving an image to disk 81File Format Roundup 84The native format 85Special-purpose formats 86Interapplication formats 92The mainstream formats 101The oddball formats 107Still can’t get that file open? 111Adding file information and annotations 112Resampling and Cropping 117Resizing versus resampling 117Cropping 120

Part II: Painting and Retouching 129

Chapter 4: Defining Colors 131

Selecting and Editing Colors 131Specifying colors 132Using the Color Picker 133Entering numeric color values 136

Working in Different Color Modes 138

Black and white (bitmap) 146

Using Photoshop’s Other Color Selection Methods 151

Predefined colors 151

The Color palette 154

The Swatches palette 156

Swatches presets 157

The eyedropper tool 158

The color sampler tool 159

Introducing Color Channels 161

Why you should care 162

How channels work 162

How to switch and view channels 163

Trying Channels on for Size 165

RGB channels 165

CMYK channels 167

Lab channels 168

Other Channel Functions 169

Color Channel Effects 174

Improving the appearance of color scans 174

Using multichannel techniques 176

Replacing and swapping color channels 177

Chapter 5: Painting and Editing 179

Paint and Edit Tool Basics 179

Meet your tools 180

Basic techniques 185

Brush Shape and Opacity 196

The Brushes palette 197

Editing and creating brush shapes 198

Opacity, pressure, and exposure 207

Brush Dynamics 208

Exploring the Brush Dynamics palette 209

Fading the paint (and other effects) 210

Creating sparkles and comets 211

Creating tapered strokes 214

Setting up pressure-sensitive tablets 214

Brush Modes 217

The 19 paint tool modes 218

The three dodge and burn modes 221

Chapter 6: Filling and Stroking 223

Filling Portions of an Image 223Filling Selections with Color or Patterns 224The paint bucket tool 224The Fill command 230Backspace-key techniques 232Using the paint bucket inside a selection 233Applying Gradient Fills 235Using the gradient tool 235Gradient options 236Gradient styles 239Creating custom gradations 242Editing solid gradients 243Creating noise gradients 249Saving and managing gradients 251Applying Strokes and Arrowheads 255Stroking a selection outline 256Applying arrowheads 258Appending arrowheads to curved lines 260

Chapter 7: Retouching, Repeating, and Restoring 263

Three of the Best 263Cloning Image Elements 264The cloning process 266Touching up blemishes 269Restoring an old photograph 271Eliminating distracting background elements 276Applying Repeating Patterns 281Aligning patterns (or not) 282Creating patterns and textures 284Building your own seamless pattern 287Stepping Back through Time 293Using the traditional undo functions 294The History palette 295Painting away the past 299

Part III: Selections, Masks, and Filters 313

Chapter 8: Selections and Paths 315

Selection Fundamentals 315How selections work 316Geometric selection outlines 319Free-form outlines 322Magnetic selections 324The world of the wand 327

Ways to Change Selection Outlines 330

Quick changes 331

Manually adding and subtracting 331

Using Shift and Alt like a pro 333

Adding and subtracting by command 334

Softening selection outlines 338

Moving and Duplicating Selections 344

The role of the move tool 344

Making precise movements 345

Cloning a selection 346

Moving a selection outline independently of its contents 349

Scaling or rotating a selection outline 350

The untimely demise of floating selections 353

How to Draw and Edit Paths 353

Paths overview 354

Drawing paths with the pen tool 357

Editing paths 363

Filling paths 370

Painting along a path 371

Converting and saving paths 374

Importing and Exporting Paths 377

Swapping paths with Illustrator 377

Exporting to Illustrator 378

Retaining transparent areas in an image 378

Chapter 9: Masks and Extractions 383

Selecting Via Masks 383

Masking defined 384

Painting and Editing Inside Selections 386

Working in Quick Mask Mode 390

How the quick mask mode works 390

Changing the red coating 395

Gradations as masks 396

Creating gradient arrows 401

Generating Masks Automatically 404

Extracting a subject from its surroundings 404

Using the Color Range command 410

A few helpful Color Range hints 414

Creating an Independent Mask Channel 415

Saving a selection outline to a mask channel 415

Converting a mask to a selection 418

Viewing mask and image 418

Building a Mask from an Image 419

Chapter 10: Corrective Filtering 427

Filter Basics 427

A first look at filters 428

How filters work 431Fading a filter 435Heightening Focus and Contrast 438Using the Unsharp Mask filter 438Using the preset sharpening filters 446Sharpening grainy photographs 446Using the High Pass filter 451Blurring an Image 455Applying the Gaussian Blur filter 455The preset blurring filters 458Antialiasing an image 458Directional blurring 460Softening a selection outline 469Noise Factors 472Adding noise 472Removing noise with Despeckle 478Averaging pixels with Median 479Sharpening a compressed image 479Cleaning up scanned halftones 482

Chapter 11: Full-Court Filtering 487

Destructive Filters 487

A million wacky effects 487What about the others? 491Third-party filters 491One final note about RAM 492The Pixelate Filters 492The Crystal Halo effect 493Creating a mezzotint 495Edge-Enhancement Filters 498Embossing an image 498Tracing around edges 502Creating a metallic coating 503Distortion Filters 505Reflecting an image in a spoon 507Twirling spirals 510Creating concentric pond ripples 514Creating parallel ripples and waves 517Distorting an image along a curve 524Changing to polar coordinates 525Distorting an image inside out 528Distorting with the Liquify command 532Wrapping an Image around a 3D Shape 539Using the 3D Transform filter 540Layer before you apply 544

Adding Clouds and Spotlights 546

Creating clouds 546

Lighting an image 547

Part IV: Layers, Objects, and Text 553

Chapter 12: Working with Layers 555

Layers, Layers Everywhere 555

Sending a Selection to a Layer 557

Other ways to make a layer 558

Duplicating a layer 560

Working with Layers 561

Switching between layers 561

Switching layers from the keyboard 563

Saving a flattened version of an image 574

Selecting the Contents of Layers 574

Automatic alignment and distribution 590

Setting up the grid 591

Using the measure tool 592

Applying Transformations 593

Transforming the entire image 594

Transforming layers and selected pixels 594

Numerical transformations 597

Masking and Layers 598

Preserving transparency 598

Creating layer-specific masks 601

Pasting inside a selection outline 604

Masking groups of layers 604

Chapter 13: The Wonders of Blend Modes 609

Mixing Images Together 609Using Opacity and Blend Modes 612The Opacity setting 613The blend modes 613Blend mode madness 624Applying Advanced Blending Options 627Blending interior layer effects (or not) 629Blending clipping groups 630Blending individual color channels 631Knocking out layers 631Knocking out by brightness value 633Using Channel Operation Commands 638The Apply Image command 640Add and Subtract 645The Calculations command 647Combining masks 649

Chapter 14: Shapes and Styles 653

Some Stuff We Never Ordered 653Drawing Shapes 655The pros and cons of shapes 655The shape tools 657The shape drawing process 659Combining and editing shapes 662Editing the stuff inside the shape 664The Bold New Layer Styles 667The advantages of layer effects 673Inside the Layer Style dialog box 673Modifying and Saving Effects 680Disabling effects 681Duplicating effects 681Scattering effects to the four winds 682Saving effects as styles 682

Chapter 15: Fully Editable Text 685

The State of Type in Photoshop 6 685The five flavors of text 686Text as art 687Using the Type Tool 689Creating vertical type 693Creating and manipulating text in a frame 694Selecting text 695Applying character formatting 696Applying paragraph formatting 706

Warping text 712

Editing text as shapes 714

Character Masks and Layer Effects 715

Creating a text mask 715

Converting type to a path 716

Type masks on the march 717

Layer effects bonanza 722

Part V: Color for Print and the Web 725

Chapter 16: Essential Color Management 727

Plunging Headlong into Color 727

A Typical Color-Matching Scenario 728

Setting up the source monitor 729

Selecting the ideal working space 732

Embedding the profile 734

Setting up the destination space 735

Defining color management policies 736

Converting the color space 737

Color Conversion Central 738

Description 739

Working spaces 739

Color management policies 742

Advanced mode 746

Custom CMYK Setup 748

Loading CMYK settings from a previous version of Photoshop 752

Chapter 17: Mapping and Adjusting Colors 755

What Is Color Mapping? 755

Color effects and adjustments 755

The good, the bad, and the wacky 756

Quick Color Effects 757

The Auto Levels commands 766

The Auto Contrast command 767

Hue Shifting and Colorizing 768

Using the Hue/Saturation command 768

Adjusting hue and saturation 773

Colorizing images 776

Shifting selected colors 777Shifting predefined colors 778Using the Variations command 780Enhancing colors in a compressed image 782Making Custom Brightness Adjustments 784The Levels command 785The Curves command 791Gradient maps 796Practical applications: continuous curves 797Practical applications: arbitrary curves 799Adjustment Layers 801The advantages of layer-based corrections 803Correcting a flat image using layers 805

Chapter 18: Printing Images 807

Welcome to Printing 807Understanding Printing Terminology 808Printing Composites 811Choosing a printer 813Setting up the page 814Specifying a transfer function 826Printing pages 828Creating Color Separations 830Outputting separations 830Color trapping 832Printing Duotones 832Creating a duotone 833Reproducing a duotone 835Editing individual duotone plates 836Spot-Color Separations 837Printing Contact Sheets 838

Chapter 19: Creating Graphics for the Web 841

The World of Web Imagery 841Photoshop and ImageReady 842Rules of Web Imagery 842The smaller, the speedier 843Mac and PC monitor brightness 843More rules of Web imagery 845Saving JPEG Images 846Preparing and Saving GIF Images 849Using the Indexed Color command 850Specifying the palette 851Editing indexed colors 857Making colors transparent 859Saving (and opening) GIF with transparency 859

Optimizing JPEG and GIF Images 861

GIF optimization settings 864

JPEG optimization settings 867

The Optimization menu 869

The Preview menu 870

Doing More in ImageReady 880

Creating an image map 880

JavaScript rollovers 882

Creating Web animations 885

Animations and rollovers 890

Appendix: Using the CD-ROM 893

Bonus Chapters On the CD-ROM

Chapter A: Constructing Homemade Effects

Chapter B: Actions and Other Automations

Chapter C: Macintosh Shortcuts

Chapter D: Windows Shortcuts

Index 899

End-User License Agreement 940

CD-ROM Installation Instructions 946

Photoshop

A First Look at Photoshop 6

These days, most computer applications speak a common

graphical language, and Photoshop is no exception It

sub-scribes to the basic structure of on-screen nouns and verbs

proposed and first spoken by the operating system As a

result, Photoshop may seem tolerably comprehensible the

first time you meet it Without any prior knowledge of its

ori-gins or behavior, you should be able to pick up a paintbrush

and specify a color in a matter of a few seconds, simply based

on the rudimentary vocabulary that you’ve picked up from

other programs After years of staring into cathode ray tubes,

you can’t help but get the picture

But Photoshop has its own special dialect, one that differs

from every other program out there The dialect is so distinct

that it’s only peripherally understood by other applications,

including those from Adobe, the very siblings that Photoshop

grew up with Photoshop has its own way of turning a phrase,

it speaks its words in a different order than you might expect,

and yes, it uses a lot of strange and sometimes unsettling

jar-gon that it has picked up on the street Photoshop is always

and will forever be a foreigner unnaturally introduced to your

hard drive For all you may think you share in common, it

doesn’t know you and you don’t know it

Even you experienced users — you hearty few who have

car-ried on more conversations with Photoshop than you have

with most of your friends and family — may find yourselves

stumbling when negotiating with Version 6 The program

speaks differently every time it upgrades In fact, it’s wrong to

think of Photoshop 6 as an older, wiser version of its former

self This is a completely new beast, bearing about as much

resemblance to Photoshop 1.0 as you bear to a fellow human

located on the exact opposite end of the earth

2

In This Chapter

Getting comfortablewith a brand-newPhotoshop desktopFinding your favoritetools and meeting afew new onesWorking with the Photoshop 6Options barZooming in 0.01-percent incrementsScrolling from the keyboardUsing the Navigatorpalette

Expanded coverage

of Photoshop’spreference settings

So in this chapter, I introduce to you the Sixth Beast, insubordinate child of its tors, spoiler of photographic traditions, and speaker of the new language that you nowhave to learn These pages represent a low-level primer you need to ingest before youcan utter so much as a coherent “gack!” Granted, it comes to you second hand — I am

ances-a non-nances-ative myself, with my own peculiances-ar diances-alect ances-as you’ll discover — but given thances-atPhotoshop 6 itself is the only native speaker on the planet, this foreigner’s perspectivewill have to do

See Photoshop Run

Shortly after you launch Photoshop, the splash screen appears Shown at the top ofFigure 2-1, the splash screen explains the launching process by flashing the names

of plug-in modules as they load and listing the various initialization procedures.You can access the splash screen by choosing Help ➪ About Photoshop To makethe splash screen go away, just click it

Splash screen tricks

In a typical program, there isn’t much reason to revisit the splash screen ButPhotoshop 6 offers a few splash screen–related tips and tricks:

✦ Press Alt while choosing the About Photoshop command to display Photoshopteam member Mike Shaw’s highly disciplined secret Venus In Furs screen, pic-tured at the bottom of Figure 2-1

✦ After a few seconds, the list of programmers and copyright statements at thebottom of the screen starts to scroll Press the Alt key to make the list scrollmore quickly

✦ Photoshop 3 introduced us to Adobe Transient Witticisms — a series of trary gags invented by Photoshop’s sleep-deprived, espresso-swilling program-mers — and they’ve been a staple ever since To see the Witticisms, wait for thecredit messages to scroll by one complete cycle Then Ctrl-click the eye in thestandard splash screen or the Venus In Furs screen

arbi-Tip

Tip