Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Rubber Plantation in the Border Region of China, Laos and Myanmar: 1980-2010 pdf

Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Rubber Plantation in the Border Region of China, Laos and Myanmar: 1980-2010 Luguang Jiang, Zhiming Feng, Xiaona Liu, Peng Li and Jinghua Zhang Institute

Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Rubber

Plantation in the Border Region of China,

Laos and Myanmar: 1980-2010

Luguang Jiang, Zhiming Feng, Xiaona Liu,

Peng Li and Jinghua Zhang

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101

Outline

 Background

 RS Interpretation of Rubber Plantation

 Spatial-temporal Pattern of Rubber

• Rubber plantation was

introduced to this region in 1940s

• BRCLM is the key region of

opium poppy substitution planting

under international cooperation

• Rubber, as the main cash crop

for opium poppy substitution

planting: more income for local

farmers, less drugs for the world

The Border Region of China, Laos and Myanmar

counties in southwest

(Jinghong City, Menghai

County, Mengla County),

three provinces in

Namtha Province,

Phongsaly Province,

Oudomxay Province), and

two districts in northeast

District, Mongphat District)

The region covers nearly 74 000 km2 with

BRCLM is a multi-ethnic region with more than twenty ethnics living across borders

Outline

 Background

 RS Interpretation of Rubber Plantation

 Spatial-temporal Pattern of Rubber

Interpretation of Rubber Plantation

• Remote sensing sources : Landsat MSS/ETM/TM images; MODIS images

• Time-series: 1980-1990-2000-2010

• DEM: GDEM (30m)

• Other data: Standard format of topographic maps with 1: 100000 scale; Field survey samples of Xishuangbanna in 2010

• Based on MODIS-NDVI data, we analyzed phenological

characteristics of each vegetation coverage and determined the

temporal window for rubber detection

• According to the spectral differences of rubber forest at different

age, young rubber forest (<10 years) and mature rubber forest（≥10 years） were extracted by object-oriented classification based on analysis of spectral, texture, and other characteristics

• Total classification accuracy was 82.5%, the accuracy of mature

rubber forest and young rubber forest were 92.50% and 76.42%

Rubber Plantation: 1980 - 2010

Outline

 Background

 RS Interpretation of Rubber Plantation

 Spatial-temporal Pattern of Rubber

Current Spatial Pattern of Rubber Plantation

for 8.42% of study area, was the dominated land use type in BRCLM The proportion of mature rubber plantations (≥10 year) and young

rubber plantations (<10 year) was 4:6

Mongphat District, Ketung District and Luang Namtha Province,

Phongsaly Province

Jinghong City and Mengla County, and the border region of Mengla

and Menghai County

rubber forest, mainly distributed in regions adjacent to Menghai and

Mengla County

Distribution Changes of Rubber Plantation

CHINA

MYANMAR

LAOS

Outline

 Background

 RS Interpretation of Rubber Plantation

 Spatial-temporal Pattern of Rubber

Relationship with elevation factor

Elevation (m)

1980 1990 2000 2010

Within China

Within China

Within Myanm

ar

Within China

Within Laos

Within Myanm

ar

Within China

Within Laos

Within Myanma

•expanded to areas at higher

elevations with wider range of

expansion

•increased gradually the

planted intensity

Myanmar (1990-2010):

•expanded fluctuating around

the appropriate elevation

gradients of 600 ~800 m with

a wider elevation range

•increased continually the

Relationship with Slope Factor

Distribution :

•90% mainly distributed in slopes below 25°

•nearly 2/3 concentrated in the appropriate slope gradients between 8° and 25°

•rarely occurred in slopes above 35°

Change pattern (1980-2010):

•The area proportion of rubber plantations in slopes below 15°

declined, while in slopes beyond 15° increased

•The expansion of rubber plantations mainly occurred between 15° and 35° and gradually extended in steep and abrupt slopes

•The planted intensity of rubber plantations gradually increased at all slopes with increase of 6.83% in gentle slopes and 4.06% in abrupt

slopes

China (1980-2010):

•expanded gradually to areas at

higher slopes from gradients of

5-15° to gradients of 15-35°

•had the highest planted intensity

and increased gradually in different

slope gradients

•Myanmar (1990-2010):

•extended significantly in different

slope gradients

•increased continually the planted

intensity with obvious growth in

recent 10 years especially

•Laos (2000-2010):

•expanded obviously to higher

(>35°) and lower slopes (<5°)

with wider slope range in Laos

•the planted intensity rose in

different slope gradients

Slope (°)

Within China

Within China

Within Myanm

ar

Within China

Within Laos

Within Myanm

ar

Within China

Within Laos

Within Myanma

Relationship with Aspect Factor

Distribution:

•rarely distributed on flat aspect, while meanly distributed on other four aspects

•the planted intensity increased gradually in different aspect gradients

•mainly distributed more on south and east aspects than on north and west aspects, and the planted intensity showed the similar trend

Change pattern (1980-2010):

•The proportion gradually declined on the flat and north aspects, while rose continually on the south aspect, and decreased firstly then

increased on the east aspect which was opposite with the west aspect

•The expansion mainly occurred on south aspect

•The area continued to expand on east aspect, while declined on north and west aspects

Aspect

1980 1990 2000 2010

Within China

Within China

Within Myanm

ar

Within China

Within Laos

Within Myanm

ar

Within China

Within Laos

Within Myanma

•expanded continually on south

and east aspects

•increased the rubber planted

intensity at all aspects

Myanmar (1990-2010):

•mainly distributed on south and

east aspects with expansion on

south and west aspects

•increased the planted intensity in

all aspect gradients

Laos (2000-2010):

•mainly distributed on south and

east aspects with expansion on

east and west aspects

•rose planted intensity in all

aspect gradients

Outline

 Background

 RS Interpretation of Rubber Plantation

 Spatial-temporal Pattern of Rubber

Summary and Prospect

• Rubber plantations has been expanded to the areas of

higher elevations and steeper slopes in China There are

considerable suitable land for rubber plantation in Laos and Myanmar

• A reasonable planning in the border region for rubber

plantation is needed, according to the current pattern of

rubber plantation and topographical conditions appropriate for rubber planting

• Pay more attention to the natural forest conservation, and to balance the rubber production, natural forest conservation

and opium poppy substitution planting

• Provide more fund and technical assistance for local farmers,

to raise profit at least negative ecological impacts

Thanks for Your Attention

Contact Information:

 Luguang Jiang, PhD, Associate Professor

Deputy Director, Division of Water and Land Resources,

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Add: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China

E-mail: jianglg@igsnrr.ac.cn Tel: 86-10-64889467

- Rubber plantations in the border region of China, Laos and Myanmar