Luận án thân thể trong thơ trữ tình việt nam sau 1986 2

The first objective the thesis aims is to establish a system of theories about human body in literature, including the concept, expression and characteristics of the body in literature,

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

CHUNG THI THUY

THE BODY IN VIETNAMESE LYRICAL POETRY AFTER 1986

Major: Literary theory Code: 9.22.01.20

THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF PHILOLOGY

Hanoi - 2020

The project was completed at:

HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

Instructor: Associate Professor PhD LE LUU OANH

Review 1: Associate Professor PhD Phan Trong Thuong

Review 2: Associate Professor PhD Ly Hoai Thu

Review 3: Associate Professor PhD Hoa Dieu Thuy

Hanoi - 2022

INTRODUCTION

1 The rationale of the research

1.1 The body plays an important role in human life; therefore, the body has alsobecome the object of influence in many fields in life, the object of study in manyfields of science from natural science to social science Until the present, theresearches on the body in the field of humanities and social sciences have madeimportant breakthroughs, especially philosophy The findings of researches havebrought a new perspective on the body in literature

1.2 “Literature is anthropology” (M.Gorki), so the literary subject is alwayshumans Literature from ancient times, when mentioning people, is not onlyinterested in spiritual life, but also in appearance, gestures and the needs of thebody, what the body has to endure as well This means that the body has longbecome the object of literature However, when appearing in literary works, thebody is not only the object of expression, but also becomes a means of expressingartistic thought, building the art world The body becomes a kind of language,specific artistic terms in literary works; in other words, the body is known as aparticular kind of aesthetic symbol in literary works This type of aesthetic notation

is a creative product of the writer, influenced by creative personality, artisticconception of man, also by the context of the era Therefore, in the literary works

of each writer, at each certain literary stage, the body also appears with differentcharacteristics

1.3 Lyrical poetry of Vietnam after 1986, under the influence of historicalcircumstances and trends of modern society, has made significant innovations, notonly in terms of technical form but also in the innovation in deep concepts of thecreative subject about the world, art and people Therefore, the body in post-1986Vietnamese poetry has its own principles of constructivism, forming its own types

and expressing its own meaning.

Researching the body in Vietnamese poetry after 1986, the dissertation aims toapproach the body in poetry as a kind of artistic language, a particular aestheticnotation system Although up to now, the number of studies on Vietnamese poetryafter 1986 is not small, but there is no research on the body in poetry from thisperspective

2 The research’s purpose of the thesis

2.1 The first objective the thesis aims is to establish a system of theories about human body in literature, including the concept, expression and characteristics of the body in literature, initially pointing out the difference between the body in poetry and the body in prose, clarifying the characteristics of the body in

Vietnamese poetry From all of these, the methodology for body research can be created in literature, especially in poetry

2.2 In addition, the thesis aims to point out and analyze some basic aspects of the body in romantic poetry after 1986 Through comparing the characteristics of the body in the romantic poetry after 1986 with that in the previous period, this paper shows the movement and transformation of the artistic conception of the world andpeople of the era

2.3 Finally, the thesis intends to point out and analyze the principles of body construction in romantic poetry after 1986 To a certain extent, the thesis aims to show that the principles of body construction are implemented through a specific method of romantic poetry At the same time, through the comparison with the principle of body construction in the poetry of the previous period, the thesis

proves that in this aspect, romantic poetry after 1986 has greatly changed, which also reflects the shifts in the artistic conception of the world and humans

3 The subject, scope and approach of the study

3.1 The subject and the scope of the research

The research object of the thesis is the body in Vietnamese poetry after

1986 The research scope of the thesis is Vietnamese lyric poetry after 1986

3.2 The approaches

3.2.1 Theorical approach

- On the basis of the research achievements of the body in the fields ofphilosophy, religion, aesthetics, literary theory, the thesis establishes the researchorientation of the body in literature Although each field has its own methods ofresearch, there is still quite a similarity that considering the body as a kind of sign,the body itself conveys messages about itself and beyond

- In the dissertation, the words “thân thể”, “cơ thể”, “thân xác” are used to convey the same meaning ‘body’ However, the term“thân thể” is more favored because “thân xác” (originally long used by Nguyen Van Trung) often makes people think only of the soulless flesh, while the "thân thể" carries the full meaning

of life and expression

- In this paper, “thân thể” và “miêu tả thân thể” are also distinguished.

“Thân thể “(body) including eyes, nose, hands, feet, taste, shapes, feelings,

emotions The body is expressed in literary works through description in language.Thus, the body in literature is the "meaning" of the linguistic class that constructsthe text, in turn the body becomes a sign to represent things beyond it - that is tobecome an aesthetic signifier - an art language

3.2.2 Practical approach

The research stems from the practice of composing poetry to point out some types

of bodies in the literary stages, on that basis highlighting the physical

characteristics of Vietnamese poetry after 1986

The focus of the dissertation paper is to examine the practice of Vietnamese poetryafter 1986, specifically researching the expressions as well as the factors that govern the formation of basic types of bodies and principles of body construction.

- Examination methodology: The dissertation uses this method to study the

principles of artistic constructivism, the influence of artistic conception about the person and the world in terms of describing the body

- Type method: The dissertation initially found out the types of body in literary stages, especially the basic types of body in Vietnamese poetry after 1986 with the most common meanings and ways of description

- Historical and cultural methods: The dissertation studies the cultural context of the time and how the historical fluctuations have influenced the appearance of the corresponding types of body

5 The dissertation’s new contributions

- The thesis has systematic the theory of the body in literature and the application orientation of literary practice

- The dissertation has systematized a number of types of body in Vietnamese literary periods

- The thesis has pointed out and analyzed some basic types of body and some principles of body construction in Vietnamese poetry after 1986

6 The sructure of the dissertation paper

In addition to the parts Introduction, Conclusion, References, the main content of

the paper is designed into 4 chapters as follows:

Chapter 1: An overview of the research issues in terms of body

Chapter 2: Body in literature and body issues in Vietnamese poetry sice 1986.Chapter 3: Some types of bodies in Vietnamese lyrical poetry after 1986

Chapter 4: Some principles of body construction in Vietnamese lyrical poetry after 1986

CHAPTER 1

AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES ON HUMAN BODY

1.1 The research situation in foreign countries

1.1.1 The research of body in Western countries

1.1.1.1 The research of body in Western cultures

In the history of Western ideas, there have been different understandings ofthe body Ancient Greek philosophy distinguished "body" and "spirit" The bodybelongs to the visible world, which can be disintegrated, destroyed, and the spiritand soul belong to the invisible, eternal, and immortal world The body reflects thedepravity of mind and soul, which is finite, easily tempted Only the soul is thesublime and immortality of man, so it is necessary to save man and spirit from theprison of body to reach eternal, immortal

1.1.1.2 The breakthroughs in the research of body in Western countries

The matter of the body has been taken seriously by Nietzsche Nietzsche was the first philosopher to place the body in a prominent position in philosophy He sees

the body as a decisive factor From the perspective of the body, looking back at history, art, reason, he sees all those things as products related to the body It is he reason why the world and the body are closely related, the world is the

interpretation of the body, the product of the body, of the powerful will Nietzsche claimed: "It is necessary to take the body as the norm" Nietzsche turned the tide lowering the subject of consciousness, because the elevation of consciousness is metaphysical, having to restrain and forget the body, even though the body is presented in humans all the time Nietzsche said that we are different not by

personality but by body This is the breakthrough in the idea about the body

Nietzsche's thought had a consciousness that exalts the body, the source of the liberation of the body! The modern thought that attaches great importance to the body is that of overthrowing Christian thought

1.1.2 The research of body in China

Since ancient times, China has studied the body In the Confucian conception of man, it can be said that up to Mencius, the problem of "objects" and the physical face has just begun to be posed and studied Mencius was the first person interested

in clarifying the concept of "body", indicating its origin and structure Before Mencius, though highly valued man and said that man is born of heaven and earth, and human existence is inevitable, Confucianism did not pay much attention to the study of human formation but only go deeply into the "mental" side, the

ideological side without paying attention to their physical side

1.2 The research situation in Vietnam

1.2.1 The research of body in literature

Talking about literature means referring to the artistic conception of humans in aliterary work, no matter what object the work refers to When humans arementioned, the body is the most important aspect and foundation of humanexistence In literature, the body plays an important role in creating the artisticvalue of the work, even "without the body, there is no artistic description" [132,p.90].

In the field of literary research, in Vietnam, Tran Dinh Su is the first author

to focus on the matter of the body as an artistic language From 1987, in To HuuPoetry Poetry, he mentioned the body in To Huu poetry in terms of "the artisticconception of man." According to him, the general characteristic of the body in ToHuu poetry was the body Politics has "marked a step of maturity of theVietnamese people in the modern world", that is "a new political man, under theleadership of the proletariat" [123, p.92] The author also affirms that the familiarpoetry of To Huu poetry is: "Everywhere we meet the image of a physical man"and "a very clear principle of describing people in To Huu poetry is: the wholebody becomes organic sense of the world ”[123, p.97] That is why, “Sayingsacrifice first is sacrificing the body The sacrifice is calculated by "corpse",

"corpse", "sacrificed flesh", "blood marrow", "bone", "head", "brain"

1.2.2 The research of body in Vietnamese poetry after 1986

Vietnamese poetry in the post-1986 period was concerned by manyresearchers, but up to now, there has not been any work that directly studies thematter of the body When studying Vietnamese poetry after 1986, researchers oftenfocus on a number of issues such as: The lyrical self, femininity, the sex element inpoetry These works have discussed more or less different edges relative to thebody

1.3 The conception of body in art

Highlight the natural beauty of the body: Although in both the West and the

East, up until the 19th century, the views of philosophers and catechists of the religions, mostly advocated demeaning However, in reality, in artistic creation, it seems that artists have gone differently

Appreciate the harmonious beauty of the body: Sculpture shows this most

clearly Greek statues, especially the gods, have beautiful, well-proportioned body, smooth skin, smooth hands and feet, and a noble, noble face There is a story that,

in 1848, Got cried in the Luvro museum in Paris in front of the statue of the

goddess in Milo, because he thought, it is unknown when art can capture the

beauty of harmony like that of people

Body and Instinct - Enhance the joy of life and the enjoyment of bodily pleasure:

There is physical pleasure such as sex, eating, clothing, even excretion

The body is part of nature: This problem is usually of two things The first

content is that human beings are attached to nature (this will be implemented later).The second content is often associated with the human nature such as old age, illness, disease

The body is a kind of commodity: In life, people exploit this angle to serve the

fashion industry, cosmetics, medicine, medicine, beauty tools, cosmetic surgery

The body has a cultural mark: The body is created by culture The culture here is

the way of life, way of thinking and conception expressed through customs, attire, cuisine, manners, faith, art

Body and politics: In traditional Chinese history, we often see various types of

beauties (using beauty to serve a certain interest)

In general, the problem of the body has appeared quite a lot in the conception of the history of philosophy, religion, culture, politics, literature and art in the world It is these concepts that have contributed to dominate the expression of body language in art and literature Corresponding to these concepts are the

research directions on the body such as sociology, politics, aesthetics and in the literary research department that we will discuss in the next section.

CHAPTER 2 BODY IN LITERATURE AND BODY ISSUES IN VIETNAMESE POETRY

2.1 Body in literary works

2.1.1 The concept

Firstly, the body in literature is a special aesthetic symbol, it is composed,

arranged, organized, highly aesthetic, has many layers of complex meanings, expressing information about people and their history, society, culture

Second, the body in literature has its own constructive principles In each different historical period, the principles, laws, formulas, and body construction in literature are also different The principles of body construction in literature are associated with the artistic conception of a person, a particular type of world model

Finally, the nuances of the body in literature are also expressed through words Words are artistic words that both contain both images and emotions

2.1.2 The expression of body in literature

The body first shows all the external images of a person (such as head, hair,legs, hands, eyes, nose, mouth, heart, skin, meat and their taste), with every action.(walking, standing, lying, sitting, yelling, shouting); and internal factors such asfeelings, emotions, moods (cold, loneliness, sadness, love, anger, hateness andindirectly through objects, costumes (mirrors, combs, clothes) , the environment(trees, gardens, fields, forests, rivers, seas, streets, houses) has relationships andimpacts on the body

2.1.3 The characteristics of body in literature

2.1.3.1 Body is a type of aesthetic sign

When the body is used as a means of expressing a certain perception andemotion, it becomes a sign In this angle, the images of the body in art are not onlyfor the purpose of describing itself but also always convey more or less meaningbehind it, then the body will become a sign

2.1.3.2 Body in literature is conceptual

First of all, the body in literature shows the consciousness and conceptions

of the writer and character about the human body The sense of the body isgradually raised according to the development of human consciousness.Philosophy from ancient times has conceived of separating the body and spirit,considering the body only as the flesh, containing the most obvious humaninstincts such as eating, excreting, sex

2.1.3.3 Body in literature is systematical

The body in a literary work, by an author, of a genre, a tendency all belongs

to certain systems Systemism can first of all be seen in terms of the principles andformulas of the most common and common body

2.2 Some body issues in Vietnamese poetry

2.2.1 Human body in poetry

The matter of the body is expressed in all genres of literature because anywherethere is a character the matter of human body is mentioned Both authors and poetsconsider the body as an object of expression and also as an aesthetic sign that sendsits own messages to the reader

2.2.2 Human body in Vietnamese poetry

The body in literature is a historical phenomenon, always moving and changing according to the conception of man The concept of the person is the profound principle that governs the way of depicting the body Humans are mainly cosmic