DẠNG 1: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH Các Trạng từ phủ định hay dùng cho dạng này: -never: không bao giờ -hardly: hầu như không -little: ít khi, hiếm khi -rarely: hiếm khi -seldom: h
Trang 1ÔN TẬP NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN
LÝ THUYẾT + BÀI TẬP DẠNG ĐẢO NGỮ CÓ ĐÁP ÁN
Tại sao lại gọi là ĐẢO NGỮ?
Bình thường câu khẳng định và phủ định sẽ có dạng:
S (+ Trợ đông từ) + ADV + V
(Trạng từ có thể đứng cuối câu)
Vd:I will never forget them.
ĐẢO NGỮ là dạng màTRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ và TRẠNG TỪ bị ĐẢO LÊN ĐẦU CÂU TRƯỚC CHỦ NGỮ.
Ví dụ: -NEVER WILL I forget them.
*Lưu ý:Câu Hỏi cũng là 1 dạng Đảo Ngữ (Are you tired? Where did she go?)
DẠNG 1: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH
Các Trạng từ phủ định hay dùng cho dạng này:
-never: không bao giờ
-hardly: hầu như không
-little: ít khi, hiếm khi
-rarely: hiếm khi
-seldom: hiếm khi
-scarcely: hiếm khi
-hardly ever: hầu như không bao giờ
*Công thức: TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V.
Vd: -Seldom do they eat meat (hiếm khi họ ăn thịt)
(*) CHÚ Ý: với HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN và QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN khi đã mượn trợ động từ (DO,
DOES, DID), Động từ chính của câu luôn là NGUYÊN THỂ
Vd: - Littledoes she visit here (ít khi cô ấy thăm nơi này)
Trang 2DẠNG 2: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CẤU TRÚC VỚI NO
Bao gồm:
-at no time: không bao giờ
-on no condition: không đủ khả năng, dù thế nào
-on no account: không thể nào, không … trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào
-under/ in no circumstances: không bao giờ
-for no reason: không có lý do gì
-in no way: không thể nào, không thể
-No longer does he work here
(ông ta không làm việc ở đây
- So angry was the man that he beat all the
woman (người đàn ông quá tức giận đến nối
hắn đánh mụ ta)
- So stupid are you that you will
Trang 3die (Mày quá ngu đến nỗi mày sẽ
SUCH (+ A/AN) + N + BE + S + THAT + S + V + O
Vd: - Such is a beautiful girl that all boys love her (1 cô gái quá đẹp đến nỗi bọn
con trai đều thích)
hoặc
- Such a beautiful girl is she that all boys love her.
DẠNG 4: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI: “HARDLY ……….WHEN………”
*HARDLY + HAD + S + VP2 + WHEN + S + V-quá khứ đơn.
(vừa mới ………… thì)
Vd
- Hardly had she left home when it rained
(cô ta vừa ra ngoài thì trời mưa)
- Hardly had the chopper taken off when it exploded (máy bay trực thăng vừa cất
cánh thì nó bị nổ)
DẠNG 5: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÓ ONLY
*LOẠI 1:
- only once: chỉ 1 lần
- only later: chỉ sau đó
- only in this/ that way: chỉ bằng cách này/ cách đó
- only after + /v-ing/ n: chỉ sau khi
- only by v_ing/ n: chỉ bằng cách, bằng việc
- only with + n: chỉ với
Trang 4- only then: chỉ sau đó
- only + giới từ + thời gian: chỉ vào lúc
………
=>CÁC CỤM NÀY + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V
Vd:
-Only by practising frequently can you play football well
(chỉ bằng việc tập luyện thường xuyên chú mới có thể chơi bóng đá giỏi)
*LOẠI 2:
-only when: chỉ khi
-only after: chỉ sau khi
-only if: chỉ nếu mà
………
=> CÁC CỤM NÀY + S1 + V1+ O1 + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S2 + V2
( CÁC CỤM NÀY + S1 + V1+ O1 + ĐẢO NGỮ)
Vd:
-Only when she left did he understand her love for him.
(chỉ khi cô ấy ra đi, anh ấy mới hiểu được tình yêu của cô ấy cho mình)
DẠNG 6: Đảo ngữ với: NOT ONLY BUT ALSO
(không những……….mà còn)
* NOT ONLY + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V1 + BUT + S + ALSO + V2
(V1 sẽ nguyên thể nếu đó là Hiện tại đơn hoặc Qúa khứ đơn – V2 sẽ vẫn giữ nguyên
dạng theo THÌ)
Vd:
-Not only did he steal the car but he also burnt thehouse.
(Nó không chỉ ăn cắp xe hơi mà còn đốt nhà)
* CHÚ Ý: vị trị của vế BUT ALSO có thể khác một chút nhưng đây là dạng PHỔ
BIẾN)
DẠNG 7: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NOT UNTIL (TILL)
Trang 5((mãi) cho đến khi/ chỉ khi…… thì mới……)
* NOT UNTIL + THỜI GIAN/ S1 + V1 + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S2 + V2.
(NOT UNTIL + THỜI GIAN/ S + V + ĐẢO NGỮ)
Vd: -Not until I went to bed did i remember the task
((Mãi) Cho đến khi/ chỉ khi tao đi ngủ thì tao mới nhớ đến nhiệm vụ)
-Not until 11 p.m will he come back (mãi đến lúc 11 giờ đêm nó mới về)
DẠNG 8: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NO SOONER ……THAN……
(vừa mới…….thì…….)
Dạn này giống với dạng 4“hardly…….when……”: 1 vế QKHT và 1 vế QKĐ)
* NO SOONER + HAD + S + VP2 + THAN + S + V-quá khứ đơn.
Vd: -No sooner had he died than his sons fought for his property (Lão vừa mới
chết thì những thằng con trai lão tranh giành tài sản)
DẠNG 9: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ CHUYỂN ĐỘNG
-round and round: vòng quanh
-to and fro: đi đi lại lại
-up and down: lên lên xuống xuống
-away: rời xa
-off: rời xa
……… (còn nhiều nữa)
=> CÁC CỤM NÀY + ĐỘNG TỪ + S
Vd: - Round and round flies the bird (con chim bay vòng quanh)
- Away ran the thief (tên trộm chuồn mất)
* CHÚ Ý: nếu như CHỦ NGỮ là7 ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG (I, WE, YOU, THEY,
HE, SHE, IT)
–cấu trúc sẽ là:
=> TRẠNG TỪ + S + V
Vd: - AWAY HE RAN (nó chạy trốn)
DẠNG 10: ĐẢO NGỮ GIỚI TỪ CHỈ ĐỊA ĐIỂM
Trang 6-here: ở đây
-there: ở đó
-Giới từ (in, on, at, from, to…) + đia điểm
=> CÁC CỤM NÀY + V + S.
Vd: -There came the guests (những người khách đã đến đó)
- In the kitchen was a ghost (1 con ma ở trong bếp)
* CHÚ Ý: nếu như CHỦ NGỮ là 7 ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG (I, WE, YOU, THEY,
HE, SHE, IT)
–cấu trúc sẽ là:
GIỚI TỪ + ĐỊA ĐIỂM + S + V
Vd: - HERE WE ARE (chúng tao ở đây)
DẠNG 11: ĐẢO NGỮ với CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
(1) Câu điều kiện LOẠI 1:
* SHOULD + S + V-nguyên thể, S + WILL + V-nguyên thể
Vd: - Should she come late, he will beat her (Nếu cô ấy đến muộn, hắn sẽ
đánh cô ấy)
(nếu phủ định thì cho NOT sau chủ ngữ)
(2) Câu điều kiện LOẠI 2
* WERE + S + TO + V-nguyên thể, S + WOULD + V-nguyên thể
Vd: -Were I to quit the job, I wouldn’t have enough money (Nếu tôi bỏ việc,
tôi sẽ không có đủ tiền)
(nếu phủ định thì cho NOT sau chủ ngữ)
- Nêu sau nó là Danh từ hoạc Tính từ thì có thể bỏ
cụm TO V Vd:Were I you, I would go home
(3) Câu điều kiện LOẠI 3
* HAD + S + VP2, S + WOULD HAVE + VP2
Vd: - HAD WE KNOWN your address, we would have visited you (Nếu chúng
tôi biết địa chỉ của ông, chúng tôi đã đến thăm ông rồi)
(nếu phủ định thì cho NOT sau chủ ngữ)
Trang 7ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI MỘT SỐ DẠNG KHÁC
vớiDạng 4: HARDLY HAD + S + V-p2 + WHEN + S + V-quá khứ đơn.
=>HARDLY có thể thay bằng dạng có BARELY hoặc SCARCELY BARELY/
SCARCELY HAD + S + V-p2 + WHEN + S + V-quá khứ đơn.
(vừa mới….thì………)
Vd: - barely/ scarcely had we set off when it snowed.
(Chúng tao vừa khởi hành thì trời đổ tuyết)
BÀI TẬP
Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ:
1.He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone
Trang 8Bài 2 Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 She had never been so happy before
Trang 101 One rarely finds good service these days.
Bài 4 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1 He is my friend as well as yours
=> Not only………
2 He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me
Trang 125 A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table _
6 His brother had rarely been more excited
Trang 13Bài 6 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired
Trang 14=> Only .
10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day
=> Only
Bài 7 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1 If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win
Trang 151 If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing.
Trang 1610 If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.
=> Had _
Bài 9 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH.
1 The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach
Trang 178 This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it
Bài 10 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words
in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1 He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me
Trang 187 A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table _
8 His brother had rarely been more excited
Trang 23Bài 11 Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ của các câu điều kiện
1 If you need some more money, take an extra 200
Trang 2413 Mr and Mrs Adam live across the bridge.
Across the bridge _
14 I was so scared that I could not even scream
So scared _
15 The horrific view of massacre was in front of us
In front of us _
16 The cayon lies behind those mountains
Behind those mountains _
17 He only then became aware of the dangers of the jungle
Only then _
18 She had barely begun to study when her boyfriend rang the bell
Trang 25C Đáp án đề luyện tập về câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh
Bài 1 Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ:
1 So gentle is he that he never scolds anyone
Trang 262 (1) => Hardly had he bought a new bike when he had an accident.
(2) => No sooner had he bought a new bike than he had an accident
3 Away ran the thief
4 Only when I reached 30 could I drive a car
5 Should he go to school, he will have money
6 Not only did the man beat the child, but he also took all her money
7 At no time will she accept his proposal
8 Rarely did Mr Bean show his intelligence
9 (1) => No sooner had I gone home than I phoned him
(2) => Scarcely had I gone home when I phoned him
10 Had you followed the advice, you would have succeeded
11 Into the sea he dived
12 Were he to have money, he would travel
13 Such is a gentle girl that she speaks very softly
hoặc: Such a gentle girl is she that she speaks very softly
14 On the bed lay the girl
15 Not until she was 18 did she go abroad
16 Only by training hard can we improve our skills
Trang 2717 Here they are.
18 No longer does he drink coffee
19 Outside the door he stood
20 Not until they were robbed of money did they become more careful
Bài 2 Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 Never before had she been so happy
2 Never have I heard such nonsense
3 Never in my life have I seen such a mess in my life
4 Never have our profits been higher than they are this year
5 Never before had the film laid on such a sumptuous celebration
6 Never have I come across such a horrifying film
7 Never have I been so moved by a Shakespeare production
8 Never before had I tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors
9 Never do I go to school late
10 Never in my life have I seen anyone as much as you
11 Never shall I forget you
Bài 3 Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 Rarely does one find good service these days
Trang 282 Rarely has she traveled more than fifty miles from her village
3 Seldom public borrowing has been so high
4 Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony
5 Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success
6 Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent
7 Little did she realize what would happen to her next
8 Seldom has he seldom seen anything stranger
Bài 4 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1 Not only is he my friend but also yours
2 Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me
3 Not only did Harry break his leg but also injured his shoulder
4 Not only is he intelligent but also handsome
5 Not only is she impatient but dishonest as well
6 Not only did the bus crash into a tree but it also ran over a cat
7 Not only did she write the text but also selected the illustrations
8 Not only is she beautiful but also attractive
9 Not did he translate fast but also correctly
10 Not only are they good at mathematics but also at science
Trang 2911 Not only does she sing but also dances.
Bài 5 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1 No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang
2 Hardly had I just put the phone down when the boss rang back
3 Not until the bell rang did he finish his work
4 Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease
5 Under the table was lying a sleeping dog
6 Rarely had his brother been more excited
7 Only until later were the facts all made public
8 Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job
Bài 6 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that
it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1 Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad
2 Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been
3 Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat
4 Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it
5 Only until they had finished eating did they get around to business
6 Only after they had waited for 12 hours did their flight leave
Trang 307 Only later did I realize who he was.
8 Only using force could the door be opened
9 Only until Tom's apologized will I agree
10 Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete
Bài 7 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1.Should the Government be forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win.
2.Should you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after 9 A.M
3.Should you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
4.Should you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April
5.Should we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
6.Should you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order
form
7.Should you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.
Bài 8 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1.Were the salary high, the job would be worth doing.
2.Were I sent to prison would you visit me?
3.Had I seen the signal I would have stopped.
4.Were I rich and I could afford to buy an expensive car.
5.Were I you, I would tell him the truth.
6.Were he not busy right now, he could help them.
7.Had she said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
Trang 318.Had the computer not broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.
9.Had I he not been angry, I would have said something.
10.Had his friends not been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.
Bài 10 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH.
1.So beautiful is the weather that we decided to go to the beach.
2.So strong is he that he can lift the box.
3.Such a lazy boy is he that no one likes him.
4 So much food did he eat that he became ill.
5.Such hot coffee is it that I can't drink it.
6.So many books did he buy that he didn't know where to put them.
7.Such a soft voice does she have that everyone likes her.
8 So boring is this book that I couldn’t finish it.
9.Such a fast speaker was he that we couldn’t understand him.
10.So tired was she that she fell asleep in the armchair.
11.Such a foggy day was it that we couldn’t see the road.
12.So good is this tea that I’ll have another cup.
Bài 11 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1.Not only did he spend all his money but she also borrowed some from me.
2 No sooner had I left the office than the phone rang.
3 Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back.
4.Not until the bell rang did he finish his work.
5.Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease.
6.Never in my life have seen anyone drink as much as you.
7.Under the table was lying a sleeping dog.
8.Rarely had his brother been more excited.